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Vegetation succession influences soil carbon sequestration in coastal alkali-saline soils in southeast China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9728. [PMID: 29950567 PMCID: PMC6021427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The area of saline soils accounts for 8% of the earth’s surface, making these soils an important terrestrial carbon sink. Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil enzyme activity, and soil bacterial abundance and biodiversity were measured in four successive coastal tidal flat ecosystems representing: bare saline soil (BS), Suaeda glauca land (SL), Imperata cylindrica grassland (IG), and Jerusalem artichoke field (JF). A decrease in soil salt content resulted in increased SOC content. With vegetation succession, MBC and DOC concentrations showed a positive trend, and activities of soil urease, catalase, invertase and alkaline phosphatase increased. A next-generation, Illumina-based sequencing approach showed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes were the dominant bacterial communities (a total of 597 taxa were detected, and 27 genera showed significant differences among the vegetation communities). Bacterial diversity at two soil depths was enhanced with the succession of vegetation ecosystems, with the increases in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the Shannon and Chao1 indices ranked in the order: JF > IG > SL > BS. The SOC and C/N were the most determinant factors influencing diversity of bacterial communities in the succession ecosystems.
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Tang Z, Sun X, Luo Z, He N, Sun OJ. Effects of temperature, soil substrate, and microbial community on carbon mineralization across three climatically contrasting forest sites. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:879-891. [PMID: 29375762 PMCID: PMC5773329 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How biotic and abiotic factors influence soil carbon (C) mineralization rate (RS) has recently emerged as one of the focal interests in ecological studies. To determine the relative effects of temperature, soil substrate and microbial community on Rs, we conducted a laboratory experiment involving reciprocal microbial inoculations of three zonal forest soils, and measured RS over a 61‐day period at three temperatures (5, 15, and 25°C). Results show that both Rs and the cumulative emission of C (Rcum), normalized to per unit soil organic C (SOC), were significantly affected by incubation temperature, soil substrate, microbial inoculum treatment, and their interactions (p < .05). Overall, the incubation temperature had the strongest effect on the RS; at given temperatures, soil substrate, microbial inoculum treatment, and their interaction all significantly affected both Rs (p < .001) and Rcum (p ≤ .01), but the effect of soil substrate was much stronger than others. There was no consistent pattern of thermal adaptation in microbial decomposition of SOC in the reciprocal inoculations. Moreover, when different sources of microbial inocula were introduced to the same soil substrate, the microbial community structure converged with incubation without altering the overall soil enzyme activities; when different types of soil substrate were inoculated with the same sources of microbial inocula, both the microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities diverged. Overall, temperature plays a predominant role in affecting Rs and Rcum, while soil substrate determines the mineralizable SOC under given conditions. The role of microbial community in driving SOC mineralization is weaker than that of climate and soil substrate, because soil microbial community is both affected, and adapts to, climatic factors and soil matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxin Tang
- College of Forest Science Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- College of Forest Science Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | | | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Lu H, Liu S, Wang H, Luan J, Schindlbacher A, Liu Y, Wang Y. Experimental throughfall reduction barely affects soil carbon dynamics in a warm-temperate oak forest, central China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15099. [PMID: 29118364 PMCID: PMC5678107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing precipitation patterns could affect soil carbon (C) cycling in China’s forests. A throughfall reduction (TFR) experiment was conducted in a warm-temperate oak forest in central China to examine effects of reduced precipitation on total soil respiration (SR), heterotrophic soil respiration (HR), autotrophic soil respiration (AR), soil microbial biomass, and fine root biomass from 2013 to 2016. Rain-out shelters, excluding ~50% of throughfall, were applied between May and September, thereby simulating a ~30% reduction in annual precipitation. Although soil moisture was significantly reduced during TFR, microbial biomass and HR remained unaffected. SR, AR, as well as fine root biomass increased during TFR in a comparable dry year, but remained unaffected during all other years. Annual rates of SR, HR, and AR were all unaffected by TFR. Our results indicate that a mild, steady, reduction in growing season precipitation does not affect soil organic matter decomposition in the oak forest ecosystem studied. Low SR rates during a natural dry-spell indicate that SR can be significantly decreased under more severe drought than imposed by the TFR treatment. Our data suggest a low soil moisture threshold of about 10 vol% for SR in the studied soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Junwei Luan
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, A-1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanchun Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
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Ji YH, Guo K, Fang SB, Xu XN, Wang ZG, Wang SD. Long-term growth of temperate broadleaved forests no longer benefits soil C accumulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42328. [PMID: 28176873 PMCID: PMC5296757 DOI: 10.1038/srep42328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that the long-term growth of forests benefits biomass carbon (C) sequestration, but it is not known whether the long-term growth of forests would also benefit soil C sequestration. We selected 79 representative soil profiles and investigated the influence of the forest stand age on the soil C dynamics of three soil layers (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) in temperate broadleaved forests in East China. The results suggest that the soil C density in temperature broadleaved forests significantly changes with the stand age, following a convex parabolic curve. At an early stand age, the soil C density usually increases, reaching its peak value at a pre-mature stand age (approximately 50 years old). At later stand ages, the soil C density usually decreases. Therefore, our results reveal a turning point in the soil C density at a pre-mature stand age. The long-term growth of temperate broadleaved forests after pre-mature stand age no longer benefits soil C accumulation, probably promotes topsoil C loss. In addition, we found that the soil C density in the upper soil layer usually changes with the forest stand development more significantly than that in deeper soil layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-He Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shi-Bo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Niu Xu
- School of Forestry &Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Wang
- Department of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
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Wang H, Liu SR, Wang JX, Shi ZM, Xu J, Hong PZ, Ming AG, Yu HL, Chen L, Lu LH, Cai DX. Differential effects of conifer and broadleaf litter inputs on soil organic carbon chemical composition through altered soil microbial community composition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27097. [PMID: 27256545 PMCID: PMC4891773 DOI: 10.1038/srep27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategic selection of tree species will shift the type and quality of litter input, and subsequently magnitude and composition of the soil organic carbon (SOC) through soil microbial community. We conducted a manipulative experiment in randomized block design with leaf litter inputs of four native subtropical tree species in a Pinus massoniana plantation in southern China and found that the chemical composition of SOC did not differ significantly among treatments until after 28 months of the experiment. Contrasting leaf litter inputs had significant impacts on the amounts of total microbial, Gram-positive bacterial, and actinomycic PLFAs, but not on the amounts of total bacterial, Gram-negative bacterial, and fungal PLFAs. There were significant differences in alkyl/O-alkyl C in soils among the leaf litter input treatments, but no apparent differences in the proportions of chemical compositions (alkyl, O-alkyl, aromatic, and carbonyl C) in SOC. Soil alkyl/O-alkyl C was significantly related to the amounts of total microbial, and Gram-positive bacterial PLFAs, but not to the chemical compositions of leaf litter. Our findings suggest that changes in forest leaf litter inputs could result in changes in chemical stability of SOC through the altered microbial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shi-Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jing-Xin Wang
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6215, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6125, USA
| | - Zuo-Min Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Pi-Zheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - An-Gang Ming
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi, 532600, China
| | - Hao-Long Yu
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi, 532600, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi, 532600, China
| | - Li-Hua Lu
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi, 532600, China
| | - Dao-Xiong Cai
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi, 532600, China
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