1
|
Drozdova P, Saranchina A, Madyarova E, Gurkov A, Timofeyev M. Experimental Crossing Confirms Reproductive Isolation between Cryptic Species within Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Lake Baikal. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810858. [PMID: 36142769 PMCID: PMC9506054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient lakes are known speciation hotspots. One of the most speciose groups in the ancient Lake Baikal are gammaroid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaroidea). There are over 350 morphological species and subspecies of amphipods in Baikal, but the extent of cryptic variation is still unclear. One of the most common species in the littoral zone of the lake, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Gerstfeldt, 1858), was recently found to comprise at least three (pseudo)cryptic species based on molecular data. Here, we further explored these species by analyzing their mitogenome-based phylogeny, genome sizes with flow cytometry, and their reproductive compatibility. We found divergent times of millions of years and different genome sizes in the three species (6.1, 6.9 and 8 pg), further confirming their genetic separation. Experimental crossing of the western and southern species, which are morphologically indistinguishable and have adjacent ranges, showed their separation with a post-zygotic reproductive barrier, as hybrid embryos stopped developing roughly at the onset of gastrulation. Thus, the previously applied barcoding approach effectively indicated the separate biological species within E. verrucosus. These results provide new data for investigating genome evolution and highlight the need for precise tracking of the sample origin in any studies in this morphospecies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Drozdova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, 664011 Irkutsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (M.T.)
| | | | | | - Anton Gurkov
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, 664011 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, 664011 Irkutsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A DNA barcode reference library for endemic Ponto-Caspian amphipods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11332. [PMID: 35790799 PMCID: PMC9256591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ponto-Caspian region is an endemicity hotspot that harbours several crustacean radiations, among which amphipods are the most diverse. These poorly known species are severely threatened in their native range, while at the same time they are invading European inland waters with significant ecological consequences. A proper taxonomic knowledge of this fauna is paramount for its conservation within the native region and monitoring outside of it. Here, we assemble a DNA barcode reference library for nearly 60% of all known Ponto-Caspian amphipod species. We use several methods to define molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), based on two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S), and assess their congruence with current species-level taxonomy based on morphology. Depending on the method, we find that 54–69% of species had congruent morpho-molecular boundaries. The cases of incongruence resulted from lumping distinct morphospecies into a single MOTU (7–27%), splitting a morphospecies into several MOTUs (4–28%), or both (4–11%). MOTUs defined by distance-based methods without a priori divergence thresholds showed the highest congruence with morphological taxonomy. These results indicate that DNA barcoding is valuable for clarifying the diversity of Ponto-Caspian amphipods, but reveals that extensive work is needed to resolve taxonomic uncertainties. Our study advances the DNA barcode reference library for the European aquatic biota, paving the way towards improved taxonomic knowledge needed to enhance monitoring and conservation efforts.
Collapse
|
3
|
Regional Drought Conditions Control Quercus brantii Lindl. Growth within Contrasting Forest Stands in the Central Zagros Mountains, Iran. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and duration of ongoing global warming affects tree growth, especially in semi-arid forest landscapes, which are typically dominated by a few adapted tree species. We investigated the effect of climatic control on the tree growth of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.), which is a dominant species in the Central Zagros Mountains of western Iran. A total of 48 stem discs was analyzed from trees at three sites, differing in local site and stand conditions (1326 to 1704 m a.s.l.), as well as the level and type of human impact (high human intervention for the silvopastoral site, moderate for the agroforestry site, and low for the forest site). We used principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate the common climatic signals of precipitation, air temperature, and drought (represented by SPEI 1 to 48 months) across the site chronologies. PC1 explains 83% of the total variance, indicating a dominant common growth response to regional climatic conditions that is independent of the local environmental conditions (i.e., forest stand density and land-use type). Growth–climate response analyses revealed that the radial growth of Q. brantii is positively affected by water availability during the growing season (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). Precipitation during April and May has played an ever-important role in oak growth in recent decades. Our study provides evidence that hydroclimatic conditions control tree-ring formation in this region, dominating the effects of topography and human impact. This finding highlights the great potential for combining historical oak samples and living trees from different forest stands in order to generate multi-centennial tree-ring-based hydroclimate reconstructions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Totonchian N, Seiedy M, Katouzian AR, Husemann M. First DNA barcodes of Bembidion species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Iran. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2002454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Totonchian
- School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Seiedy
- School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Katouzian
- School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Husemann
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitätswandels, Standort Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Mamos T, Jażdżewski K, Čiamporová-Zaťovičová Z, Čiampor F, Grabowski M. Fuzzy species borders of glacial survivalists in the Carpathian biodiversity hotspot revealed using a multimarker approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21629. [PMID: 34732763 PMCID: PMC8566499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carpathians are one of the key biodiversity hotspots in Europe. The mountain chain uplifted during Alpine orogenesis and is characterised by a complex geological history. Its current biodiversity was highly influenced by Pleistocene glaciations. The goal of the current study was to examine the phylogenetic and demographic history of Gammarus balcanicus species complex in the Carpathians using multiple markers as well as to delimit, using an integrative approach, and describe new species hidden so far under the name G. balcanicus. Results showed that divergence of the studied lineages reaches back to the Miocene, which supports the hypothesis of their survival in multiple micro refugia. Moreover, the increase of their diversification rate in the Pleistocene suggests that glaciation was the driving force of their speciation. The climatic changes during and after the Pleistocene also played a major role in the demography of the local Carpathian lineages. Comparison of diversity patterns and phylogenetic relationships of both, the mitochondrial and nuclear markers, provide evidence of putative hybridisation and retention of ancient polymorphism (i.e., incomplete lineage sorting). The morphological examination supported the existence of two morphological types; one we describe as a G. stasiuki sp. nov. and another we redescribe as a G. tatrensis (S. Karaman, 1931).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Jażdżewski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzana Čiamporová-Zaťovičová
- ZooLab, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fedor Čiampor
- ZooLab, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
First insight into cryptic diversity of a Caucasian subterranean amphipod of the genus Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Walters AD, Cannizzaro AG, Trujillo DA, Berg DJ. Addressing the Linnean shortfall in a cryptic species complex. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate, but the rate of this loss is likely to be underestimated as a result of a deficit in taxonomic knowledge (i.e. the Linnean shortfall). This knowledge gap is more extensive for morphologically indistinct taxa. The advancement of molecular techniques and delimitation methods has facilitated the identification of such cryptic species, but a majority of these taxa remain undescribed. To investigate the effects of taxonomic uncertainty on understanding of biodiversity, we applied the general lineage concept of species to an amphipod species complex, the Gammaruslacustris lineage that occupies springs of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, which is emerging in contemporary times. We investigated species boundaries using a validation-based approach and examined genetic structure of the lineage using a suite of microsatellite markers to identify independently evolving metapopulations. Our results show that each spring contains a genetically distinct population that is geographically isolated from other springs, suggesting evolutionary independence and status as separate species. Additionally, we observed subtle interspecific morphological variation among the putative species. We used multiple lines of evidence to formally describe four new species (Gammarus langi sp. nov., G. percalacustris sp. nov., G. colei sp. nov. and G. malpaisensis sp. nov.) endemic to the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Cryptic speciation is likely to be high in other aquatic taxa within these ecosystems, and across arid landscapes throughout North America and elsewhere, suggesting that the magnitude of the Linnean shortfall is currently underestimated in desert springs worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David J Berg
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hupało K, Karaouzas I, Mamos T, Grabowski M. Molecular data suggest multiple origins and diversification times of freshwater gammarids on the Aegean archipelago. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19813. [PMID: 33188238 PMCID: PMC7666221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our main aim was to investigate the diversity, origin and biogeographical affiliations of freshwater gammarids inhabiting the Aegean Islands by analysing their mtDNA and nDNA polymorphism, thereby providing the first insight into the phylogeography of the Aegean freshwater gammarid fauna. The study material was collected from Samothraki, Lesbos, Skyros, Evia, Andros, Tinos and Serifos islands as well as from mainland Greece. The DNA extracted was used for amplification of two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and two nuclear markers (28S and EF1-alpha). The multimarker time-calibrated phylogeny supports multiple origins and different diversification times for the studied taxa. Three of the sampled insular populations most probably represent new, distinct species as supported by all the delimitation methods used in our study. Our results show that the evolution of freshwater taxa is associated with the geological history of the Aegean Basin. The biogeographic affiliations of the studied insular taxa indicate its continental origin, as well as the importance of the land fragmentation and the historical land connections of the islands. Based on the findings, we highlight the importance of studying insular freshwater biota to better understand diversification mechanisms in fresh waters as well as the origin of studied Aegean freshwater taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Hupało
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
- Aquatische Ökosystemforschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Av., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wattier R, Mamos T, Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Jelić M, Ollivier A, Chaumot A, Danger M, Felten V, Piscart C, Žganec K, Rewicz T, Wysocka A, Rigaud T, Grabowski M. Continental-scale patterns of hyper-cryptic diversity within the freshwater model taxon Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16536. [PMID: 33024224 PMCID: PMC7538970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional morphological diagnoses of taxonomic status remain widely used while an increasing number of studies show that one morphospecies might hide cryptic diversity, i.e. lineages with unexpectedly high molecular divergence. This hidden diversity can reach even tens of lineages, i.e. hyper cryptic diversity. Even well-studied model-organisms may exhibit overlooked cryptic diversity. Such is the case of the freshwater crustacean amphipod model taxon Gammarus fossarum. It is extensively used in both applied and basic types of research, including biodiversity assessments, ecotoxicology and evolutionary ecology. Based on COI barcodes of 4926 individuals from 498 sampling sites in 19 European countries, the present paper shows (1) hyper cryptic diversity, ranging from 84 to 152 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, (2) ancient diversification starting already 26 Mya in the Oligocene, and (3) high level of lineage syntopy. Even if hyper cryptic diversity was already documented in G. fossarum, the present study increases its extent fourfold, providing a first continental-scale insight into its geographical distribution and establishes several diversification hotspots, notably south-eastern and central Europe. The challenges of recording hyper cryptic diversity in the future are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Wattier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Department of Natural Sciences, Varaždin City Museum, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, INRAE, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael Danger
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | | | - Krešimir Žganec
- Department of Teacher Education Studies in Gospić, University of Zadar, Gospić, Croatia
| | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jażdżewska AM, Rewicz T, Mamos T, Wattier R, Bącela-Spychalska K, Grabowski M. Cryptic diversity and mtDNA phylogeography of the invasive demon shrimp, Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841), in Europe. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.57.46699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The regions of the Black, Caspian, and Azov seas are known for being both (i) the place of extensive crustacean radiation dated to the times of Paratethys and Sarmatian basins, and (ii) present donors of alien and invasive taxa to many areas worldwide. One amphipod morphospecies,Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, is known both as native to rivers draining to the Black and Caspian seas as well as a successful invader (nicknamed demon shrimp) in Central and Western European rivers. Based on mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (28S) datasets and 41 sampling sites, representing both the native (19) and the invaded (22) range, we assessed cryptic diversity, phylogeography and population genetics of this taxon. First, we revealed the presence of two divergent lineages supported by all markers and all species delimitation methods. The divergence between the lineages was high (18.3% Kimura 2-parameter distance for COI) and old (ca. 5.1 Ma), suggesting the presence of two cryptic species withinD. haemobaphes. Lineage A was found only in a few localities in the native range, while lineage B was widespread both in the native and in the invaded range. Although genetic divergence within lineage B was shallow, geographic distribution of 16S and COI haplotypes was highly heterogeneous, leading us to the definition of four Geo-Demographic Units (GDUs). Two GDUs were restricted to the native range: GDU-B1 was endemic for the Durugöl (aka Duruşu) Liman in Turkey, whereas GDU-B2 occurred only in the Dniester River. GDU-B3 was both present in several localities in the native range in the Black Sea drainage area and widespread in Central and Western Europe. The GDU-B4 was found exclusively in the Moskva River in Russia. Extended Bayesian Skyline Plot indicated steady growth of GDU-B3 population size since 30 ka, pointing to the rather old history of its expansion, first in the late Pleistocene in the native range and nowadays in Central and Western Europe. The analysis of haplotype distribution across the present distribution range clearly showed two invasion routes to Central and Western Europe. The first one, originating from the lower Dnieper, allowed the demon shrimp to colonize Polish rivers and the Mittellandkanal in Germany. The second one, originating from the Danube delta, allowed to colonize the water bodies in the upper Danube basin. The UK population has originated from the Central Corridor, as only a haplotype found exclusively along this route was recorded in the UK. Population genetics analysis showed that the invasion of the demon shrimp along the Central Corridor was not associated with the loss of genetic diversity, which might contribute to the success of this invader in the newly colonized areas.
Collapse
|
12
|
Esmaeili HR, Teimori A, Zarei F, Sayyadzadeh G. DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the Old World tooth-carps, family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231717. [PMID: 32298351 PMCID: PMC7162479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fishes, which have currently named Aphanius Nardo, 1827 are the relict of the ancient ichthyofauna of the Tethys Sea. For a long time since 1827, the genus name has been subjected to revision by several researchers using mainly morphological features. Until recently, no comprehensive single- or multi-locus DNA barcoding study has been conducted on whole members of the family Aphaniidae. In the present study, by applying four conceptually different molecular species delimitation methods, including one distance-based method, one network-based and two topology-based methods, we examined a single-locus DNA barcode library (COI) diversity for the 268 sequences within the family Aphaniidae from the Old World (57 sequences are new in the present study and 211 sequences were retrieved from NCBI database). The molecular analyses revealed a clearer picture of intra-family relationships and allowed us to clarify the generic names, and also describe a new genus for the family Aphaniidae. Results supported distinction of three major clades related to three genera within this family: i) the first clade includes the A. mento group which are placed in a new genus, Paraphanius gen. nov., found in the Orontes (= Asi) and Tigris-Euphrates River drainage, the Levant in coastal waters and the Dead Sea basin, western Jordan, and in southern Turkey in the Mediterranean basins as well as in central Turkey. This clade positioned at the base of the phylogenetic tree, (ii) the second clade contains the A. dispar-like brackish water tooth-carps which are transferred to the genus Aphaniops Hoedeman, 1951 (type species, Lebias dispar), distributed in the coastal waters around the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf basins; and (iii) the third clade, the genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (type species Aphanius nanus = A. fasciatus) contains all the inland and inland-related tooth-carps, which are mainly distributed in the inland waters in Turkey and Iran and also in the inland-related drainages around the Mediterranean basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Esmaeili
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Azad Teimori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatah Zarei
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Golnaz Sayyadzadeh
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stöck M, Fakharzadeh F, Kuhl H, Rozenblut-Kościsty B, Leinweber S, Patel R, Ebrahimi M, Voitel S, Schmidtler JF, Kami HG, Ogielska M, Förster DW. Shedding Light on a Secretive Tertiary urodelean Relict: Hynobiid salamanders ( Paradactylodon persicus s.l.) from Iran, Illuminated by Phylogeographic, Developmental and Transcriptomic Data. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040306. [PMID: 31003559 PMCID: PMC6523714 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hyrcanian Forests present a unique Tertiary relict ecosystem, covering the northern Elburz and Talysh Ranges (Iran, Azerbaijan), a poorly investigated, unique biodiversity hotspot with many cryptic species. Since the 1970s, two nominal species of Urodela, Hynobiidae, Batrachuperus (later: Paradactylodon) have been described: Paradactylodon persicus from northwestern and P. gorganensis from northeastern Iran. Although P. gorganensis has been involved in studies on phylogeny and development, there is little data on the phylogeography, systematics, and development of the genus throughout the Hyrcanian Forests; genome-wide resources have been entirely missing. Given the huge genome size of hynobiids, making whole genome sequencing hardly affordable, we aimed to publish the first transcriptomic resources for Paradactylodon from an embryo and a larva (9.17 Gb RNA sequences; assembled to 78,918 unigenes). We also listed 32 genes involved in vertebrate sexual development and sex determination. Photographic documentation of the development from egg sacs across several embryonal and larval stages until metamorphosis enabled, for the first time, comparison of the ontogeny with that of other hynobiids and new histological and transcriptomic insights into early gonads and timing of their differentiation. Transcriptomes from central Elburz, next-generation sequencing (NGS) libraries of archival DNA of topotypic P. persicus, and GenBank-sequences of eastern P. gorganensis allowed phylogenetic analysis with three mitochondrial genomes, supplemented by PCR-amplified mtDNA-fragments from 17 museum specimens, documenting <2% uncorrected intraspecific genetic distance. Our data suggest that these rare salamanders belong to a single species P. persicus s.l. Humankind has a great responsibility to protect this species and the unique biodiversity of the Hyrcanian Forest ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fatemeh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43135, Iran.
| | - Heiner Kuhl
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Beata Rozenblut-Kościsty
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Wroclaw University, Sienkiewicza 21,50-335 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Sophie Leinweber
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rhiddi Patel
- Evolutionary Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mehregan Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran.
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Sebastian Voitel
- Independent Researcher, Spangenbergstraße 81, D-06295 Eisleben, Germany.
| | | | - Haji Gholi Kami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan 49136-15759, Iran.
| | - Maria Ogielska
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Wroclaw University, Sienkiewicza 21,50-335 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel W Förster
- Evolutionary Genetics Department, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hupało K, Teixeira MAL, Rewicz T, Sezgin M, Iannilli V, Karaman GS, Grabowski M, Costa FO. Persistence of phylogeographic footprints helps to understand cryptic diversity detected in two marine amphipods widespread in the Mediterranean basin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 132:53-66. [PMID: 30476552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods of the genus Gammarus are a vital component of macrozoobenthic communities in European inland and coastal, marine and brackish waters of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Exceptional levels of cryptic diversity have been revealed for several widespread freshwater Gammarus species in Europe. No comprehensive assessment has yet been made for brackishwater counterparts, such as Gammarus aequicauda and G. insensibilis, which are among the most widely dispersed members of the so-called "G. locusta group" in the Mediterranean and in the Black Sea. Here we probe the diversity of these morphospecies examining the partitioning of mtDNA and nDNA across multiple populations along their distribution range and discuss it within the regional paleogeographic framework. We gathered molecular data from a collection of 166 individuals of G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis from 47 locations along their distribution range in the Mediterranean including the Black Sea. They were amplified for both mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA as well as the nuclear 28S rRNA. All five MOTU delimitation methods (ABGD, BIN, bPTP, GMYC single and multiple threshold models) applied revealed deep divergence between Black Sea and Mediterranean populations in both G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis. There were eight distinct MOTUs delimited for G. aequicauda (6-18% K2P) and 4 MOTUs for G. insensibilis (4-14% K2P). No sympatric MOTUs were detected throughout their distribution range. Multimarker time-calibrated phylogeny indicated that divergence of both G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis species complexes started already in the late Oligocene/early Miocene with the split between clades inhabiting eastern and western part of the Mediterranean occurring in both species at the similar time. Our results indicate a high cryptic diversity within Mediterranean brackishwater Gammarus, similar to that observed for freshwater counterparts. Moreover, the phylogenetic history combined with the current geographic distribution indicate that the evolution of both studied Gammarus morphogroups has been strongly connected with the geological events in the Mediterranean Basin and it reflect the turbulent history of the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hupało
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - M A L Teixeira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Portugal
| | - T Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - M Sezgin
- Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, Marine Biology and Ecology Department, Sinop, Turkey
| | - V Iannilli
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - G S Karaman
- Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, Riste Stijovica Podgorica Črna Gora, Montenegro
| | - M Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - F O Costa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eberle J, Bazzato E, Fabrizi S, Rossini M, Colomba M, Cillo D, Uliana M, Sparacio I, Sabatinelli G, Warnock RCM, Carpaneto G, Ahrens D. Sex-Biased Dispersal Obscures Species Boundaries in Integrative Species Delimitation Approaches. Syst Biol 2018; 68:441-459. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eberle
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Erika Bazzato
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari (CA), Italy
| | - Silvia Fabrizi
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Rossini
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Strada dei Guazzi, 1/3, 61122 Pesaro (PU), Italy
| | - Mariastella Colomba
- Università di Urbino, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari (DiSB), Via maggetti 22, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | | | - Marco Uliana
- Museo di Storia Naturale, Santa Croce 1730, 30135 Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Guido Sabatinelli
- Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Route de Malagnou 1, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Giuseppe Carpaneto
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Dirk Ahrens
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rudolph K, Coleman CO, Mamos T, Grabowski M. Description and post-glacial demography of Gammarus jazdzewskii sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Central Europe. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1470118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Oliver Coleman
- Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Copilaș‐Ciocianu D, Zimța A, Petrusek A. Integrative taxonomy reveals a newGammarusspecies (Crustacea, Amphipoda) surviving in a previously unknown southeast European glacial refugium. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Copilaș‐Ciocianu
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czechia
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Alina‐Andreea Zimța
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czechia
- Department of Biology–Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography West University of Timişoara Timişoara Romania
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yasser AG, Sheldon F, Hughes JM. Spatial distributions and environmental relationships of two species complexes of freshwater atyid shrimps. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gh. Yasser
- Australian Rivers Institute; Griffith University; 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - F. Sheldon
- Australian Rivers Institute; Griffith University; 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - J. M. Hughes
- Australian Rivers Institute; Griffith University; 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Zimţa AA, Grabowski M, Petrusek A. Survival in northern microrefugia in an endemic Carpathian gammarid (Crustacea: Amphipoda). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts; Nature Research Centre; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimţa
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Biology-Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography; West University of Timişoara; Timişoara Romania
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Lodz; Łódź Poland
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hupało K, Mamos T, Wrzesińska W, Grabowski M. First endemic freshwater Gammarus from Crete and its evolutionary history-an integrative taxonomy approach. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4457. [PMID: 29568704 PMCID: PMC5846458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean islands are known as natural laboratories of evolution with a high level of endemic biodiversity. However, most biodiversity assessments have focused mainly on terrestrial and marine fauna, leaving the freshwater animals aside. Crete is one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean Basin, with a long history of isolation from the continental mainland. Gammarid amphipods are often dominant in macrozoobenthic communities in European inland waters. They are widely used in biomonitoring and exotoxicological studies. Herein, we describe Gammarus plaitisi sp. nov., endemic to Cretan streams, based on morphological characters and a set of molecular species delimitation methods using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes as well as nuclear 28S rDNA, ITS1 and EF1-alpha genes. The divergence of the new species is strongly connected with the geological history of the island supporting its continental origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Hupało
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Wrzesińska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fišer C, Robinson CT, Malard F. Cryptic species as a window into the paradigm shift of the species concept. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:613-635. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cene Fišer
- SubBio Lab; Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Christopher T. Robinson
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag; Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Florian Malard
- Université Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; CNRS; ENTPE; UMR5023 LEHNA Villeurbanne France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Weiss M, Weigand H, Weigand AM, Leese F. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data reveal cryptic species within cryptic freshwater snail species-The case of the Ancylus fluviatilis species complex. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1063-1072. [PMID: 29375779 PMCID: PMC5773296 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding utilizes short standardized DNA sequences to identify species and is increasingly used in biodiversity assessments. The technique has unveiled an unforeseeably high number of morphologically cryptic species. However, if speciation has occurred relatively recently and rapidly, the use of single gene markers, and especially the exclusive use of mitochondrial markers, will presumably fail in delimitating species. Therefore, the true number of biological species might be even higher. One mechanism that can result in rapid speciation is hybridization of different species in combination with polyploidization, that is, allopolyploid speciation. In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure of the polyploid freshwater snail Ancylus fluviatilis, for which allopolyploidization was postulated as a speciation mechanism. DNA barcoding has already revealed four cryptic species within A. fluviatilis (i.e., A. fluviatilis s. str., Ancylus sp. A-C), but early allozyme data even hint at the presence of additional cryptic lineages in Central Europe. We combined COI sequencing with high-resolution genome-wide SNP data (ddRAD data) to analyze the genetic structure of A. fluviatilis populations in a Central German low mountain range (Sauerland). The ddRAD data results indicate the presence of three cryptic species within A. fluviatilis s. str. occurring in sympatry and even syntopy, whereas mitochondrial sequence data only support the existence of one species, with shared haplotypes between species. Our study hence points to the limitations of DNA barcoding when dealing with organismal groups where speciation is assumed to have occurred rapidly, for example, through the process of allopolyploidization. We therefore emphasize that single marker DNA barcoding can underestimate the true species diversity and argue in strong favor of using genome-wide data for species delimitation in such groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Weiss
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Hannah Weigand
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Alexander M. Weigand
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Musée National d'Histoire NaturelleLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delić T, Trontelj P, Rendoš M, Fišer C. The importance of naming cryptic species and the conservation of endemic subterranean amphipods. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3391. [PMID: 28611400 PMCID: PMC5469755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular taxonomy often uncovers cryptic species, reminding us that taxonomic incompleteness is even more severe than previous thought. The importance of cryptic species for conservation is poorly understood. Although some cryptic species may be seriously threatened or otherwise important, they are rarely included in conservation programs as most of them remain undescribed. We analysed the importance of cryptic species in conservation by scrutinizing the South European cryptic complex of the subterranean amphipod Niphargus stygius sensu lato. Using uni- and multilocus delineation methods we show that it consists of 15 parapatric and sympatric species, which we describe using molecular diagnoses. The new species are not mere “taxonomic inflation” as they originate from several distinct branches within the genus and coexist with no evidence of lineage sharing. They are as evolutionarily distinct as average nominal species of the same genus. Ignoring these cryptic species will underestimate the number of subterranean endemics in Slovenia by 12 and in Croatia by four species, although alpha diversity of single caves remains unchanged. The new taxonomy renders national Red Lists largely obsolete, as they list mostly large-ranged species but omit critically endangered single-site endemics. Formal naming of cryptic species is critical for them to be included in conservation policies and faunal listings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teo Delić
- SubBio lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Peter Trontelj
- SubBio lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Michal Rendoš
- State Nature Conservancy, Slovak Caves Administration, Hodžova 11, 031 01, Liptovský, Mikuláš, Slovakia
| | - Cene Fišer
- SubBio lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Delić T, Švara V, Coleman CO, Trontelj P, Fišer C. The giant cryptic amphipod species of the subterranean genusNiphargus(Crustacea, Amphipoda). ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teo Delić
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Vid Švara
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Peter Trontelj
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Cene Fišer
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Rutová T, Pařil P, Petrusek A. Epigean gammarids survived millions of years of severe climatic fluctuations in high latitude refugia throughout the Western Carpathians. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 112:218-229. [PMID: 28478197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isolated glacial refugia have been documented in Central Europe for a number of taxa, but conclusive evidence for epigean aquatic species has remained elusive. Using molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear markers), we compared the spatial patterns of lineage diversity of the widely distributed Gammarus fossarum species complex between two adjacent biogeographically and geomorphologically distinct Central European regions: the Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians. We investigated if the observed patterns of spatial diversity are more likely to stem from historical or present-day factors. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses revealed eight phylogenetically diverse lineages: two exhibiting local signatures of recent demographic expansion inhabit both regions, while the other six display a relict distributional pattern and are found only in the Western Carpathians. Molecular dating indicates that these lineages are old and probably diverged throughout the Miocene (7-18Ma). Furthermore, their distribution does not seem to be constrained by the present boundaries of river catchments or topography. The contrasting spatial patterns of diversity observed between the two regions thus more likely result from historical rather than contemporaneous or recent factors. Our results indicate that despite the high latitude and proximity to the Pleistocene ice sheets, the Western Carpathians functioned as long-term glacial refugia for permanent freshwater fauna, allowing the uninterrupted survival of ancient lineages through millions of years of drastic climatic fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Rutová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pařil
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Grabowski M, Mamos T, Bącela-Spychalska K, Rewicz T, Wattier RA. Neogene paleogeography provides context for understanding the origin and spatial distribution of cryptic diversity in a widespread Balkan freshwater amphipod. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3016. [PMID: 28265503 PMCID: PMC5333542 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Balkans are a major worldwide biodiversity and endemism hotspot. Among the freshwater biota, amphipods are known for their high cryptic diversity. However, little is known about the temporal and paleogeographic aspects of their evolutionary history. We used paleogeography as a framework for understanding the onset of diversification in Gammarus roeselii: (1) we hypothesised that, given the high number of isolated waterbodies in the Balkans, the species is characterised by high level of cryptic diversity, even on a local scale; (2) the long geological history of the region might promote pre-Pleistocene divergence between lineages; (3) given that G. roeselii thrives both in lakes and rivers, its evolutionary history could be linked to the Balkan Neogene paleolake system; (4) we inspected whether the Pleistocene decline of hydrological networks could have any impact on the diversification of G. roeselii. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA was extracted from 177 individuals collected from 26 sites all over Balkans. All individuals were amplified for ca. 650 bp long fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). After defining molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU) based on COI, 50 individuals were amplified for ca. 900 bp long fragment of the nuclear 28S rDNA. Molecular diversity, divergence, differentiation and historical demography based on COI sequences were estimated for each MOTU. The relative frequency, geographic distribution and molecular divergence between COI haplotypes were presented as a median-joining network. COI was used also to reconstruct time-calibrated phylogeny with Bayesian inference. Probabilities of ancestors' occurrence in riverine or lacustrine habitats, as well their possible geographic locations, were estimated with the Bayesian method. A Neighbour Joining tree was constructed to illustrate the phylogenetic relationships between 28S rDNA haplotypes. RESULTS We revealed that G. roeselii includes at least 13 cryptic species or molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), mostly of Miocene origin. A substantial Pleistocene diversification within-MOTUs was observed in several cases. We evidenced secondary contacts between very divergent MOTUs and introgression of nDNA. The Miocene ancestors could live in either lacustrine or riverine habitats yet their presumed geographic localisations overlapped with those of the Neogene lakes. Several extant riverine populations had Pleistocene lacustrine ancestors. DISCUSSION Neogene divergence of lineages resulting in substantial cryptic diversity may be a common phenomenon in extant freshwater benthic crustaceans occupying areas that were not glaciated during the Pleistocene. Evolution of G. roeselii could be associated with gradual deterioration of the paleolakes. The within-MOTU diversification might be driven by fragmentation of river systems during the Pleistocene. Extant ancient lakes could serve as local microrefugia during that time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Remi A. Wattier
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6282, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Macher JN, Leese F, Weigand AM, Rozenberg A. The complete mitochondrial genome of a cryptic amphipod species from the Gammarus fossarum complex. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:17-18. [PMID: 33473701 PMCID: PMC7800003 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1275844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum is widely distributed throughout Europe and an important species for stream biomonitoring. It is known to consist of several cryptic species. We here report the complete mitochondrial genome of G. fossarum clade 11/type B with a length of 15,989 bp, encoding for 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. Protein-coding and ribosomal genes have a similar arrangement as in other gammarid amphipods. A phylogenetic analysis clarifies the placement of G. fossarum within the Gammaridae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Niklas Macher
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Martin Weigand
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrey Rozenberg
- Beja's Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alther R, Fišer C, Altermatt F. Description of a widely distributed but overlooked amphipod species in the European Alps. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Alther
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cene Fišer
- Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; SI-1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weiss M, Leese F. Widely distributed and regionally isolated! Drivers of genetic structure in Gammarus fossarum in a human-impacted landscape. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:153. [PMID: 27473498 PMCID: PMC4966747 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actual connectivity between populations of freshwater organisms is largely determined by species biology, but is also influenced by many area- and site-specific factors, such as water pollution and habitat fragmentation. Therefore, the prediction of effective gene flow, even for well-studied organisms, is difficult. The amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum is a key invertebrate in freshwater ecosystems and contains many cryptic species. One of these species is the broadly distributed G. fossarum clade 11 (type B). In this study, we tested for factors driving the genetic structure of G. fossarum clade 11 in a human-impacted landscape at local and regional scales. To determine population structure, we analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene of 2,086 specimens from 54 sampling sites and microsatellite loci of 420 of these specimens from ten sites. Results We detected strong overall genetic differentiation between populations at regional and local scales with both independent marker systems, often even within few kilometers. Interestingly, we observed only a weak correlation of genetic distances with geographic distances or catchment boundaries. Testing for factors explaining the observed population structure revealed, that it was mostly the colonization history, which has influenced the structure rather than any of the chosen environmental factors. Whereas the number of in-stream barriers did not explain population differentiation, the few large water reservoirs in the catchment likely act as dispersal barriers. Conclusions We showed that populations of Gammarus fossarum clade 11 are strongly isolated even at local scales in the human-impacted region. The observed genetic structure was best explained by the effects of random genetic drift acting independently on isolated populations after historical colonization events. Genetic drift in isolated populations was probably further enhanced by anthropogenic impacts, as G. fossarum is sensitive to many anthropogenic stressors. These findings highlight the importance of small-scale genetic studies to determine barriers restricting gene flow to prevent further loss of genetic diversity and maintain intact freshwater ecosystems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0723-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Weiss
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen, D-45141, Germany.
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen, D-45141, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 2, Essen, D-45141, Germany
| |
Collapse
|