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Suglia SF, Crookes DM, Belak L, Cammack AL, Clark TL, Daviglus M, Gallo LC, Perreira KM, Delamater AM, Isasi CR. Current Family Functioning and Youth Cardiometabolic Health in the SOL Youth Study. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:914-923. [PMID: 36624323 PMCID: PMC10754224 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family functioning may impact children's cardiometabolic health; however, few studies have examined multiple cardiometabolic markers among a diverse racial/ethnic cohort. The relationship between child- and caregiver-reported family functioning and the cardiometabolic health of Hispanic/Latino youth was examined. METHOD Data were from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) (2012-2014), a population-based cohort study of children and adolescents whose parents participated in the HCHS/SOL (2008-2011). The relationship between youth- and caregiver-rated family functioning, and concordance of ratings is modeled, utilizing the general functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device with youth objective cardiometabolic health markers (obesity, central adiposity, prediabetes/diabetes, prehypertension/hypertension, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol) adjusting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Among boys, child/caregiver concordant ineffective family functioning rating was associated with higher cumulative cardiometabolic risk (adjusted B (95% CI): 0.30 (0.04, 0.56)), but no association was observed among girls (adjusted B (95% CI): 0.04 (-0.13, 0.21)). Among girls, ineffective child rating/effective caregiver rating was associated with higher cumulative cardiometabolic risk (adjusted B (95% CI): 0.27 (0.06, 0.48)), but no association was observed among boys (adjusted B (95% CI): 0.02 (-0.23, 0.27). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that family functioning among this Hispanic/Latino population may influence cardiometabolic risk among youth. Observed differences in the associations by youth sex and concordant/discordant reports of family functioning suggest interventions at the family level, targeting both caregivers and youth, that consider differential sex effects are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Danielle M Crookes
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, College of Social Sciences & Humanities, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Belak
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alison L Cammack
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Taylor L Clark
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Śmiarowska M, Pawlicka M, Boroń A, Grzywacz A, Safranow K, Chlubek D, Dziedziejko V. Association between Psychopathological Symptoms and Aggression and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Adolescents with Behavioural and Emotional Disturbances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087097. [PMID: 37108259 PMCID: PMC10139169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioural and emotional disturbances (F92.8) are the most recognized disorders in a developmental psychiatry. As the problem is still alarmingly increasing, the searches for their etiopathogenesis and more effective preventing and therapy methods are required. The aim of the study was to assess the association between the quality of life, some psychopathological features, concentrations of selected immunoprotective (brain-derived neurotrophin, BDNF), and endocrine (cortisol, F) factors while adolescent disturbances. The study was performed in 123 inpatients of a psychiatric ward with F92.8 diagnosis, aged 13-18 years. The complete patients' interview, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests, including serum F and BDNF tests, were performed. All patients completed standardized questionnaires to estimate: the severity of psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90), the level of aggression (Buss-Perry). The changes in the plasma BDNF and F concentrations were shown in patients raised in foster homes and institutions. The significantly lower BDNF was observed in youth from foster and suicide-experienced families. The more severe psychopathological symptoms, especially aggression and hostility, were found in these ones, who abused alcohol, attempted suicide, had lower self-esteem and cognitive processes, and were lacking safety in dysfunctional families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Śmiarowska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawlicka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Independent Public Specialist Health Care Center "ZDROJE", 70-780 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Boroń
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Dai W, Wagh SA, Chettiar S, Zhou GD, Roy R, Qiao X, Visich PS, Hoffman EP. Blunted circadian cortisol in children is associated with poor cardiovascular health and may reflect circadian misalignment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105252. [PMID: 34049197 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circadian cues in children (sunlight, exercise, diet patterns) may be associated with health outcomes. The primary objective was to assess associations of daily cortisol fluctuations (morning, night) with cardiovascular health outcomes. A secondary objective was to determine if 1-year longitudinal changes in circadian cortisol levels are associated with longitudinal changes in health outcomes. STUDY DESIGN The Cardiovascular Health Intervention Program (CHIP) was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk profiles in public elementary school children in Southern Maine. Participants were 689 students in 4th grade (baseline; age = 9.20 ± 0.41 years), and 647 students in 5th grade (age = 10.53 ± 0.52 years). Longitudinal data (4th and 5th grade) was available for 347 participants. Clinical outcomes were blood pressure, hip/waist ratios, body mass index, percent fat. Laboratory measures were fasting glucose, lipids, and salivary cortisol measures (morning and evening). RESULTS Lower first-in-morning diurnal cortisol levels were associated with increased blood pressure (β -0.23 ± 0.05; p < 0.001), increased body fat (β -0.22 ± 0.05; p < 0.001), and poor lipid profiles (β -0.15 ± 0.07; p < 0.05). Inclusion of night cortisol in the model (stress-related) improved associations of the model with bodyfat composition (morning β -0.27 ± 0.05; p < 0.001; night β +0.16 ± 0.06; p < 0.01). Adjustments for potential confounding variables improved associations of morning cortisol with lipids (β -0.19 ± 0.07; p < 0.01). Longitudinal analysis showed that lower morning diurnal cortisol in 4th grade was associated with increases in blood pressure a year later (β -0.18 ± 0.08; p = 0.017) after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION Data presented suggest adding circadian misalignment (lower amplitude of first-in-morning cortisol) to existing models of metabolic syndrome in children. Further, circadian misalignment may be a factor contributing to high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Dai
- Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Swanand A Wagh
- Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Steffi Chettiar
- Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Grace D Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University -SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Runia Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University -SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University -SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Xingye Qiao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Binghamton University -SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Visich
- Exercise and Sport Performance Department, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University -SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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Chennou F, Bonneau-Fortin A, Portolese O, Belmesk L, Jean-Pierre M, Côté G, Dirks MH, Jantchou P. Oral Lorazepam is not Superior to Placebo for Lowering Stress in Children Before Digestive Endoscopy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Paediatr Drugs 2019; 21:379-387. [PMID: 31418168 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-019-00351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive endoscopies must be performed within a safe and comfortable environment. We have previously shown that the quality of intravenous sedation is influenced by preoperative stress. AIM Our primary objective was to compare the effects of oral lorazepam and placebo on the salivary cortisol response of children undergoing a digestive endoscopy. Secondary objectives were the assessment of procedural pain and comfort as well as the occurrence of adverse events. METHODS Participants were randomized and received either lorazepam, placebo, or no premedication. Saliva was collected upon arrival at the hospital and 1 h following randomization. The sedation protocol included midazolam and fentanyl ± ketamine. Procedural pain was evaluated with the Nurse Assessed Patient Comfort Score (NAPCOMS). Patients completed a postoperative questionnaire. The primary outcome was defined as the proportion of children having a cortisol decrease ≥ 15 nmol/L. RESULTS 101 participants (54 females) were included. The rate of children having a cortisol decrease ≥ 15 nmol/L was 27.3%, 35.3%, and 19.4% for lorazepam, placebo, and no premedication, respectively (p = 0.356). The median (IQR) NAPCOMS pain score was 3.0 (0-6) for lorazepam, 4.4 (0-6) for placebo, and 3.4 (3-4) for no premedication (p = 0.428). With lorazepam, 75.9% of children reported experiencing a comfortable procedure, compared with 41.9% taking placebo and 34.5% with no premedication (p = 0.013). Transient tachycardia was the most frequent intraoperative adverse event, particularly with lorazepam (62.5%, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Oral lorazepam had no effect on patients' preoperative stress, as measured by salivary cortisol, but was associated with a higher rate of comfortable procedures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier NCT03180632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fella Chennou
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Lina Belmesk
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélissa Jean-Pierre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, ch. côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Côté
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martha H Dirks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, ch. côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Prévost Jantchou
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, ch. côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Zhang J, Lam SP, Li SX, Liu Y, Chan JWY, Chan MHM, Ho CS, Li AM, Wing YK. Parental history of depression and higher basal salivary cortisol in unaffected child and adolescent offspring. J Affect Disord 2018; 234:207-213. [PMID: 29544166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are contradictory findings regarding the associations of parental depression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity of their offspring. We aimed to explore the associations of parental depression on the diurnal salivary cortisol profile in their child and adolescent offspring. METHODS A total of 189 unaffected child and adolescent offspring as determined by structured clinical interview were divided into 3 groups according to their parental history of depression, namely current parental depression (CPD, n = 27), past parental depression (PPD, n = 57), and no parental depression (NPD, n = 105). Diurnal saliva samples were collected to measure the cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol profile. RESULTS CPD group had significantly higher basal cortisol level (mean ± SE = 11.9 ± 0.80 nmol/dl) than PPD group (mean ± SE = 9.7 ± 0.73 nmol/dl, post hoc p = .024) and NPD group (mean ± SE = 10.2 ± 0.52 nmol/dl, post hoc p = .031) and lower cortisol level at noon, but comparable cortisol levels in other time points. The cortisol awakening response reference to increase (AUCi) were significantly blunted in CPD group when compared with PPD and NPD (post hoc p < .01). Adjustment for potential confounding factors did not change major findings. Further analyses revealed that main influences were derived from current maternal depression. LIMITATIONS A single day of saliva sample. CONCLUSION Current but not past (lifetime) parental depression is associated with higher basal salivary cortisol and blunted cortisol awakening response in their children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Siu Ping Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joey Wing Yan Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Ho Ming Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Condon EM. Chronic Stress in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Biomarkers for Use in Pediatric Research. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:473-496. [PMID: 29865855 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418779214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Incorporating biomarkers of chronic stress into pediatric research studies may help to explicate the links between exposure to adversity and lifelong health, but there are currently very few parameters to guide nurse researchers in choosing appropriate biomarkers of chronic stress for use in research with children and adolescents. METHODS Biomarkers of chronic stress are described, including primary mediators (glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and cytokines) and secondary outcomes (neurologic, immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and anthropometric) of the chronic stress response. RESULTS Evidence of the use of each biomarker in pediatric research studies is reviewed. Recommendations for pediatric researchers, including selection of appropriate biomarkers, measurement considerations, potential moderators, and future directions for research, are presented. DISCUSSION A wide range of biomarkers is available for use in research studies with children. While primary mediators of chronic stress have been frequently measured in studies of children, measurement of secondary outcomes, particularly immune and metabolic biomarkers, has been limited. With thoughtful and theoretically based approaches to selection and measurement, these biomarkers present an important opportunity to further explore the physiologic pathways linking exposure to chronic stress with later health and disease. CONCLUSION The incorporation of chronic stress biomarkers into pediatric research studies may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms through which stressful environments "get under the skin" and ultimately inform efforts to promote health and reduce inequities among children exposed to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Condon
- 1 Yale School of Nursing, West Campus Drive, Orange, CT, USA
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Pratt R, Stapelberg NJC. Early warning biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a strategic approach to a testing question. Biomarkers 2018; 23:563-572. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1463563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Pratt
- Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Australia
| | - N. J. C. Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University and Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Australia
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McCormick CM, Green MR, Simone JJ. Translational relevance of rodent models of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and stressors in adolescence. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 6:31-43. [PMID: 28229107 PMCID: PMC5314422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in glucocorticoids that result from environmental stressors can have programming effects on brain structure and function when the exposure occurs during sensitive periods that involve heightened neural development. In recent years, adolescence has gained increasing attention as another sensitive period of development, a period in which pubertal transitions may increase the vulnerability to stressors. There are similarities in physical and behavioural development between humans and rats, and rats have been used effectively as an animal model of adolescence and the unique plasticity of this period of ontogeny. This review focuses on benefits and challenges of rats as a model for translational research on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function and stressors in adolescence, highlighting important parallels and contrasts between adolescent rats and humans, and we review the main stress procedures that are used in investigating HPA stress responses and their consequences in adolescence in rats. We conclude that a greater focus on timing of puberty as a factor in research in adolescent rats may increase the translational relevance of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M. McCormick
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Green
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Simone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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