1
|
RNF2 promotes the progression of colon cancer by regulating ubiquitination and degradation of IRF4. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119162. [PMID: 34670117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ring finger protein 2 (RNF2), as a well-known E3 ligase, has an oncogenic role in various cancers. The role of RNF2 in colon cancer is still unknown. The aim of this work is to determine the biological role of RNF2 in colon cancer. We first examined the expression of RNF2 and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in colon cancer patients and colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and HCT116). Compared with normal tumor-adjacent tissues, RNF2 was up-regulated whereas IRF4 was down-regulated in the colon cancer tissues. RNF2 was also up-regulated in colon cancer cells with respect to human fetal colon epithelial cells. RNF2 overexpression enhanced the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion of SW480 cells, whereas RNF2 knockdown caused an opposite result in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, a tumor xenograft model was constructed to verify the impact of RNF2 overexpressed-SW480 cells on tumor growth. RNF2 up-regulation elevated Ki-67 proliferation index, accelerated the growth of tumor tissues, and led to severe colon tissue damage in the tumor xenograft mice. In addition, RNF2 interacted with IRF4, and repressed IRF4 protein expression. IRF4 was a substrate of RNF2, and RNF2 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF4. RNF2 overexpression increased the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion in SW480 cells by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF4. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that RNF2 promoted tumor growth in colon cancer by regulating ubiquitination and degradation of IRF4. Thus, RNF2 may be served as a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng R, Guo J, Zhang Y, Cheng G, Qian W, Wan C, Li M, Marotta F, Shen X, He F. Impacts of ceftriaxone exposure during pregnancy on maternal gut and placental microbiota and its influence on maternal and offspring immunity in mice. Exp Anim 2021; 70:203-217. [PMID: 33268669 PMCID: PMC8150239 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between microbiota found in the maternal gut and placenta, and whether ceftriaxone exposure during pregnancy could alter these microbiota, and consequently affect the immunity of the mothers and their offspring. The microbiota in the feces and placenta of the dams were comprehensively analyzed using16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, viable bacteria in the placentas and blood of pups were also isolated by plate cultivation then taxonomically identified in detail by clone sequencing. Serum cytokines collected from dams and pups were quantitatively profiled using Luminex. The spleen organ index of dams was significantly lower and the offspring serum interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher in ceftriaxone-treated mice compared with the control group. The maternal fecal microbiota community was drastically altered in ceftriaxone-treated mice with significantly decreased diversity, depletion of Bacteroidetes and the blooming of Tenericutes. However, the placenta microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria especially characteristically by Ralstonia, which was distinct from the maternal gut microbiota, regardless of whether ceftriaxone treatment or not. Viable bacteria have been found in placenta and blood cultures. These results indicated that ceftriaxone exposure in pregnancy could dramatically alter maternal intestinal microbiota, which affected the immunity of the mothers and their offspring at least partly, characteristically by enhanced pro-inflammatory responses. This study also indicated that the placenta might harbor its own microbes and the microbes were distinct from maternal gut microbiota, which may not be affected by oral administration of ceftriaxone during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qian
- By-health Co. Ltd., No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No.99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, 510663 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - ChaoMin Wan
- Department of Pediatrics of Western China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera Research Group for and Gender Healthy Aging Unit, Montenapoleone Medical Center, Aging Intervention Corso Matteotti, 1/A, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang S, Jiang N, Shi W, Yin H, Chi X, Xie Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Li H, Chen JL. Co-infection of H9N2 Influenza A Virus and Escherichia coli in a BALB/c Mouse Model Aggravates Lung Injury by Synergistic Effects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670688. [PMID: 33968006 PMCID: PMC8097157 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens that cause respiratory diseases in poultry are highly diversified, and co-infections with multiple pathogens are prevalent. The H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus (AIV) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are common poultry pathogens that limit the development of the poultry industry. This study aimed to clarify the interaction between these two pathogens and their pathogenic mechanism using a mouse model. Co-infection with H9N2 AIV and E. coli significantly increased the mortality rate of mice compared to single viral or bacterial infections. It also led to the development of more severe lung lesions compared to single viral or bacterial infections. Co-infection further causes a storm of cytokines, which aggravates the host's disease by dysregulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS and ERK1/2 pathways. Moreover, co-infection mutually benefited the virus and the bacteria by increasing their pathogen loads. Importantly, nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression was also significantly enhanced by the co-infection. It played a key role in the rapid proliferation of E. coli in the presence of the co-infecting H9N2 virus. Therefore, our study underscores the role of NOS2 as a determinant for bacteria growth and illustrates its importance as an additional mechanism that enhances influenza virus-bacteria synergy. It further provides a scientific basis for investigating the synergistic infection mechanism between viruses and bacteria.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin H, Jiang N, Shi W, Chi X, Liu S, Chen JL, Wang S. Development and Effects of Influenza Antiviral Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040810. [PMID: 33557246 PMCID: PMC7913928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease that causes seasonal outbreaks each year and unpredictable pandemics occasionally with high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Besides the limited effect of vaccines, the problem is exacerbated by the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against all flu strains. Currently, there are two classes of antiviral drugs available that are chemosynthetic and approved against influenza A virus for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, but the appearance of drug-resistant virus strains is a serious issue that strikes at the core of influenza control. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new antiviral drugs. Many reports have shown that the development of novel bioactive plant extracts and microbial extracts has significant advantages in influenza treatment. This paper comprehensively reviews the development and effects of chemosynthetic drugs, plant extracts, and microbial extracts with influenza antiviral activity, hoping to provide some references for novel antiviral drug design and promising alternative candidates for further anti-influenza drug development.
Collapse
|
5
|
Humanized Mice in Dengue Research: A Comparison with Other Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010039. [PMID: 31979145 PMCID: PMC7157640 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family and is an enveloped virion containing a positive sense single-stranded RNA genome. DENV causes dengue fever (DF) which is characterized by an undifferentiated syndrome accompanied by fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and in severe cases, patients can deteriorate and develop life-threatening vascular leakage, bleeding, and multi-organ failure. DF is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease affecting more than 390 million people per year with a mortality rate close to 1% in the general population but especially high among children. There is no specific treatment and there is only one licensed vaccine with restricted application. Clinical and experimental evidence advocate the role of the humoral and T-cell responses in protection against DF, as well as a role in the disease pathogenesis. A lot of pro-inflammatory factors induced during the infectious process are involved in increased severity in dengue disease. The advances in DF research have been hampered by the lack of an animal model that recreates all the characteristics of this disease. Experiments in nonhuman primates (NHP) had failed to reproduce all clinical signs of DF disease and during the past decade, humanized mouse models have demonstrated several benefits in the study of viral diseases affecting humans. In DENV studies, some of these models recapitulate specific signs of disease that are useful to test drugs or vaccine candidates. However, there is still a need for a more complete model mimicking the full spectrum of DENV. This review focuses on describing the advances in this area of research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Krishnakumar V, Durairajan SSK, Alagarasu K, Li M, Dash AP. Recent Updates on Mouse Models for Human Immunodeficiency, Influenza, and Dengue Viral Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:E252. [PMID: 30871179 PMCID: PMC6466164 DOI: 10.3390/v11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-developed mouse models are important for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of immunological response to viral infections in humans. Moreover, to test vaccines, anti-viral drugs and therapeutic agents, mouse models are fundamental for preclinical investigations. Human viruses, however, seldom infect mice due to differences in the cellular receptors used by the viruses for entry, as well as in the innate immune responses in mice and humans. In other words, a species barrier exists when using mouse models for investigating human viral infections. Developing transgenic (Tg) mice models expressing the human genes coding for viral entry receptors and knock-out (KO) mice models devoid of components involved in the innate immune response have, to some extent, overcome this barrier. Humanized mouse models are a third approach, developed by engrafting functional human cells and tissues into immunodeficient mice. They are becoming indispensable for analyzing human viral diseases since they nearly recapitulate the human disease. These mouse models also serve to test the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. This review provides an update on the Tg, KO, and humanized mouse models that are used in studies investigating the pathogenesis of three important human-specific viruses, namely human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus 1, influenza, and dengue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinodhini Krishnakumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamilnadu, Tiruvarur 610 005, India.
| | | | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India.
| | - Min Li
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim DH, Chung WC, Chun SH, Han JH, Song MJ, Lee KW. Enhancing the natural killer cell activity and anti-influenza effect of heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt in mice. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10675-10684. [PMID: 30316596 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a global public health concern. It causes respiratory diseases ranging from mild illness to fatal disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are an innate immune component that kill infected cells and secrete cytokines to modulate the adaptive immune system; they constitute the first-line defense and play important roles in controlling IAV infection. This study evaluated the effect of daily administration of heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt on immunity and protection against IAV infection. Mice administered with heat-treated L. plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt showed elevated NK cell-related cytokine expression levels. Daily administration of the L. plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt before IAV infection also enhanced splenic NK activity, lung inflammatory cytokine responses, and survival rate. Thus, daily administration of nF1-fortified yogurt enhances host immunity and helps prevent IAV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Chung
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Han
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang S, Zhang L, Zhang R, Chi X, Yang Z, Xie Y, Shu S, Liao Y, Chen JL. Identification of two residues within the NS1 of H7N9 influenza A virus that critically affect the protein stability and function. Vet Res 2018; 49:98. [PMID: 30285871 PMCID: PMC6389221 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus, which causes mild to lethal human respiratory disease, continues to circulate in China, posing a great threat to public health. Influenza NS1 protein plays a key role in counteracting host innate immune responses, allowing the virus to efficiently replicate in the host. In this study, we compared NS1 amino acid sequences of H7N9 influenza A virus with those of other strains, and determined NS1 protein variability within the H7N9 virus and then evaluated the impact of amino acid substitutions on ability of the NS1 proteins to inhibit host innate immunity. Interestingly, the amino acid residue S212 was identified to have a profound effect on the primary function of NS1, since S212P substitution disabled H7N9 NS1 in suppressing the host RIG-I-dependent interferon response, as well as the ability to promote the virus replication. In addition, we identified another amino acid residue, I178, serving as a key site to keep NS1 protein high steady-state levels. When the isoleucine was replaced by valine at 178 site (I178V mutation), NS1 of H7N9 underwent rapid degradation through proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we observed that P212S and V178I mutation in NS1 of PR8 virus enhanced virulence and promoted the virus replication in vivo. Together, these results indicate that residues I178 and S212 within H7N9 NS1 protein are critical for stability and functioning of the NS1 protein respectively, and may contribute to the enhanced pathogenicity of H7N9 influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sicheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim H, Na W, Yeom M, Choi J, Kim J, Lim J, Yun D, Chun H, Park G, Park C, Kim J, Jeong DG, Le VP, Lee K, Lee JM, Jeong HH, Song D, Haam S. Host Cell Mimic Polymersomes for Rapid Detection of Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus via a Viral Fusion and Cell Entry Mechanism. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1800960. [PMID: 32313543 PMCID: PMC7161833 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201800960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections have occurred continuously and crossed the species barrier to humans, leading to fatalities. A polymerase chain reaction based molecular test is currently the most sensitive diagnostic tool for HPAIV; however, the results must be analyzed in centralized diagnosis systems by a trained individual. This requirement leads to delays in quarantine and isolation. To control the spread of HPAIV, rapid and accurate diagnostics suitable for field testing are needed, and the tests must facilitate a differential diagnosis between HPAIV and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), which undergo cleavage specifically by trypsin- or furin-like proteases, respectively. In this study, a differential avian influenza virus rapid test kit is developed and evaluated in vitro and using clinical specimens from HPAIV H5N1-infected animals. It is demonstrated that this rapid test kit provides highly sensitive and specific detection of HPAIV and LPAIV and is thus a useful field diagnostic tool for H5N1 HPAIV outbreaks and for rapid quarantine control of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ouk Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Woonsung Na
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Research Institute of Radiological ScienceCollege of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Yun
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Chun
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Geunseon Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Ki Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon34141South Korea
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesCollege of Veterinary MedicineVietnam National University of AgricultureHanoi100000Vietnam
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and DynamicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of MicrobiologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | | | - Daesub Song
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Hu S, Wang J, Chen S, Jia X, Lai S. Molecular cloning, polymorphism, and expression analysis of the LKB1/STK11 gene and its association with non-specific digestive disorder in rabbits. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:127-136. [PMID: 29637416 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1, also called STK11) encodes a serine/threonine kinase mutated in Peutz-Jeghers cancer syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis. Although LKB1 plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis, cell growth, and metabolism via activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nothing is known about its molecular characteristics and possible involvement in non-specific digestive disorder (NSDD) of rabbits. In the present study, we first cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of rabbit LKB1, which consisted of 1317 bp encoding 438 amino acids (AAs) and contained a highly conserved S_TKc kinase domain. Its deduced AA sequence showed 87.93-91.10% similarities with that of other species. In order to determine its involvement in NSDD, a NSDD rabbit model was built by a dietary fiber deficiency. The polymorphic site of LKB1 was then investigated in both healthy and NSDD groups using directing sequencing. Our results suggested that a synonymous variant site (840 c. G > C, CCC→CCG) existed in its S_TKc domain, which was associated with susceptibility to NSDD. Furthermore, qPCR was utilized to examine the mRNA levels of LKB1 and its downstream targets (i.e., PRKAA2, mTOR and NF-kβ) in several intestinal-related tissues from both healthy and NSDD groups. Significant changes in their expression levels between two groups indicated that impaired LKB1 signaling contributed to the intestinal abnormality in NSDD rabbits. Taken together, it could be concluded that LKB1 might be a potential candidate gene affecting the occurrence of rabbit NSDD. This information may serve as a basis for further investigations on rabbit digestive diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Huimin Road #211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Huimin Road #211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Huimin Road #211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Huimin Road #211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Huimin Road #211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Huimin Road #211, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081650. [PMID: 28783091 PMCID: PMC5578040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), a highly infectious respiratory pathogen, has continued to be a significant threat to global public health. To complete their life cycle, influenza viruses have evolved multiple strategies to interact with a host. A large number of studies have revealed that the evolution of influenza A virus is mainly mediated through the mutation of the virus itself and the re-assortment of viral genomes derived from various strains. The evolution of influenza A virus through these mechanisms causes worldwide annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Importantly, influenza A virus can evolve from an animal infected pathogen to a human infected pathogen. The highly pathogenic influenza virus has resulted in stupendous economic losses due to its morbidity and mortality both in human and animals. Influenza viruses fall into a category of viruses that can cause zoonotic infection with stable adaptation to human, leading to sustained horizontal transmission. The rapid mutations of influenza A virus result in the loss of vaccine optimal efficacy, and challenge the complete eradication of the virus. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of influenza A virus evolution caused by the mutation and re-assortment of viral genomes. In addition, we discuss the specific mechanisms by which the virus evolves.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hussain M, Galvin HD, Haw TY, Nutsford AN, Husain M. Drug resistance in influenza A virus: the epidemiology and management. Infect Drug Resist 2017; 10:121-134. [PMID: 28458567 PMCID: PMC5404498 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the sole cause of the unpredictable influenza pandemics and deadly zoonotic outbreaks and constitutes at least half of the cause of regular annual influenza epidemics in humans. Two classes of anti-IAV drugs, adamantanes and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) targeting the viral components M2 ion channel and NA, respectively, have been approved to treat IAV infections. However, IAV rapidly acquired resistance against both classes of drugs by mutating these viral components. The adamantane-resistant IAV has established itself in nature, and a majority of the IAV subtypes, especially the most common H1N1 and H3N2, circulating globally are resistant to adamantanes. Consequently, adamantanes have become practically obsolete as anti-IAV drugs. Similarly, up to 100% of the globally circulating IAV H1N1 subtypes were resistant to oseltamivir, the most commonly used NAI, until 2009. However, the 2009 pandemic IAV H1N1 subtype, which was sensitive to NAIs and has now become one of the dominant seasonal influenza virus strains, has replaced the pre-2009 oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 variants. This review traces the epidemiology of both adamantane- and NAI-resistant IAV subtypes since the approval of these drugs and highlights the susceptibility status of currently circulating IAV subtypes to NAIs. Further, it provides an overview of currently and soon to be available control measures to manage current and emerging drug-resistant IAV. Finally, this review outlines the research directions that should be undertaken to manage the circulation of IAV in intermediate hosts and develop effective and alternative anti-IAV therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Henry D Galvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tatt Y Haw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ashley N Nutsford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|