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Pan M, Li B. T cell receptor convergence is an indicator of antigen-specific T cell response in cancer immunotherapies. eLife 2022; 11:e81952. [PMID: 36350695 PMCID: PMC9683788 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are potent at eliminating pathogens and playing a crucial role in the adaptive immune response. T cell receptor (TCR) convergence describes T cells that share identical TCRs with the same amino acid sequences but have different DNA sequences due to codon degeneracy. We conducted a systematic investigation of TCR convergence using single-cell immune profiling and bulk TCRβ-sequence (TCR-seq) data obtained from both mouse and human samples and uncovered a strong link between antigen-specificity and convergence. This association was stronger than T cell expansion, a putative indicator of antigen-specific T cells. By using flow-sorted tetramer+ single T cell data, we discovered that convergent T cells were enriched for a neoantigen-specific CD8+ effector phenotype in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, TCR convergence demonstrated better prediction accuracy for immunotherapy response than the existing TCR repertoire indexes. In conclusion, convergent T cells are likely to be antigen-specific and might be a novel prognostic biomarker for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Pan
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Bo Li
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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2
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Schreiber S, Honz M, Mamozai W, Kurktschiev P, Schiemann M, Witter K, Moore E, Zielinski C, Sette A, Protzer U, Wisskirchen K. Characterization of a library of 20 HBV-specific MHC class II-restricted T cell receptors. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:476-489. [PMID: 34853796 PMCID: PMC8605085 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play an important role in the immune response against cancer and infectious diseases. However, mechanistic details of their helper function in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in particular, or their advantage for adoptive T cell therapy remain poorly understood as experimental and therapeutic tools are missing. Therefore, we identified, cloned, and characterized a comprehensive library of 20 MHC class II-restricted HBV-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) from donors with acute or resolved HBV infection. The TCRs were restricted by nine different MHC II molecules and specific for eight different epitopes derived from intracellularly processed HBV envelope, core, and polymerase proteins. Retroviral transduction resulted in a robust expression of all TCRs on primary T cells. A high functional avidity was measured for all TCRs specific for epitopes S17, S21, S36, and P774 (half-maximal effective concentration [EC50] <10 nM), or C61 and preS9 (EC50 <100 nM). Eight TCRs recognized peptide variants of HBV genotypes A to D. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells transduced with the MHC II-restricted TCRs were polyfunctional, producing interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, and granzyme B (GrzB), and killed peptide-loaded target cells. Our set of MHC class II-restricted TCRs represents an important tool for elucidating CD4+ T cell help in viral infection with potential benefit for T cell therapy.
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3
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Sugata K, Matsunaga Y, Yamashita Y, Nakatsugawa M, Guo T, Halabelian L, Ohashi Y, Saso K, Rahman MA, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Murata K, Saijo H, Kagoya Y, Ly D, Burt BD, Butler MO, Mak TW, Hirano N. Affinity-matured HLA class II dimers for robust staining of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:958-967. [PMID: 33649568 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) multimers enable the detection of antigen-specific T cells in studies ranging from vaccine efficacy to cancer immunotherapy. However, this technology is unreliable when applied to pMHC class II for the detection of CD4+ T cells. Here, using a combination of molecular biological and immunological techniques, we cloned sequences encoding human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR molecules with enhanced CD4 binding affinity (with a Kd of 8.9 ± 1.1 µM between CD4 and affinity-matured HLA-DP4) and produced affinity-matured class II dimers that stain antigen-specific T cells better than conventional multimers in both in vitro and ex vivo analyses. Using a comprehensive library of dimers for HLA-DP4, which is the most frequent HLA allele in many ancestry groups, we mapped 103 HLA-DP4-restricted epitopes derived from diverse tumor-associated antigens and cloned the cognate T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) genes from in vitro-stimulated CD4+ T cells. The availability of affinity-matured class II dimers across HLA-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR alleles will aid in the investigation of human CD4+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugata
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yukiko Matsunaga
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yota Ohashi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Rahman
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenji Murata
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Saijo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalam Ly
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D Burt
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Zhu Y, Huang C, Su M, Ge Z, Gao L, Shi Y, Wang X, Chen J. Characterization of amino acid residues of T-cell receptors interacting with HLA-A*02-restricted antigen peptides. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:495. [PMID: 33850892 PMCID: PMC8039679 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to explore residues’ properties interacting with HLA-A*02-restricted peptides on T-cell receptors (TCRs) and their effects on bond types of interaction and binding free energy. Methods We searched the crystal structures of HLA-A*02-restricted peptide-TCR complexes from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database and subsequently collected relevant parameters. We then employed Schrodinger to analyze the bond types of interaction and Gromacs 2019 to evaluate the TCR-antigen peptide complex’s molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, we compared the changes of bond types of interaction and binding free energy before and after residue substitution to ensure consistency of the conditions before and after residue substitution. Results The main sites on the antigen peptides that formed the intermolecular interaction [hydrogen bond (HB) and pi stack] with TCRs were P4, P8, P2, and P6. The hydrophobicity of the amino acids inside or outside the disulfide bond of TCRs may be related to the intermolecular interaction and binding free energy between TCRs and peptides. Residues located outside the disulfide bond of TCR α or β chains and forming pi stack force played favorable roles in the complex intermolecular interaction and binding free energy. The residues of the TCR α or β chains that interacted with peptides were replaced by alanine (Ala) or glycine (Gly), and their intermolecular binding free energy of the complex had been improved. However, it had nothing to do with the formation of HB. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the hydrophobic nature of the amino acids inside or outside the disulfide bonds on the TCR may be associated with the intermolecular interaction and binding between the TCR and polypeptide. The residues located outside the TCR α or β single-chain disulfide bond and forming the pi-stack force showed a beneficial effect on the intermolecular interaction and binding of the complex. In addition, the part of the residues on the TCR α or β single chain that produced bond types of interaction with the polypeptide after being replaced by Ala or Gly, the intermolecular binding free energy of the complex was increased, regardless of whether HB was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changxin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Su
- Master Class, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuanmin Ge
- Master Class, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Gao
- Master Class, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Shi
- Master Class, Hangzhou Normal University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Master Class, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Murata K, Nakatsugawa M, Rahman MA, Nguyen LT, Millar DG, Mulder DT, Sugata K, Saijo H, Matsunaga Y, Kagoya Y, Guo T, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Burt BD, Ly D, Saso K, Easson A, Goldstein DP, Reedijk M, Ghazarian D, Pugh TJ, Butler MO, Mak TW, Ohashi PS, Hirano N. Landscape mapping of shared antigenic epitopes and their cognate TCRs of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes in melanoma. eLife 2020; 9:53244. [PMID: 32314731 PMCID: PMC7234812 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-restricted T cell responses can induce antitumor effects in cancer patients. Previous human T cell research has largely focused on the few HLA alleles prevalent in a subset of ethnic groups. Here, using a panel of newly developed peptide-exchangeable peptide/HLA multimers and artificial antigen-presenting cells for 25 different class I alleles and greater than 800 peptides, we systematically and comprehensively mapped shared antigenic epitopes recognized by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) from eight melanoma patients for all their class I alleles. We were able to determine the specificity, on average, of 12.2% of the TILs recognizing a mean of 3.1 shared antigen-derived epitopes across HLA-A, B, and C. Furthermore, we isolated a number of cognate T cell receptor genes with tumor reactivity. Our novel strategy allows for a more complete examination of the immune response and development of novel cancer immunotherapy not limited by HLA allele prevalence or tumor mutation burden. The immune system is the body’s way of defending itself, offering protection against diseases such as cancer. But to remove the cancer cells, the immune system must be able to identify them as different from the rest of the body. All cells break down proteins into shorter fragments, known as peptides, that are displayed on the cell surface by a protein called human leukocyte antigen, HLA for short. Cancer cells display distinctive peptides on their surface as they generate different proteins to those of healthy cells. Immune cells called T cells use these abnormal peptides to identify the cancer so that it can be destroyed. Sometimes T cells can lack the right equipment to detect abnormal peptides, allowing cancer cells to hide from the immune system. However, T cells can be trained through a treatment called immunotherapy, which provides T cells with new tools so that they can spot the peptides displayed by HLA on the previously ‘hidden’ cancer cells. There are many different forms of HLA, each of which can display different peptides. Current research in immunotherapy commonly targets only a subset of HLA forms, and not all cancer patients have these types. This means that immunotherapy research is only likely to be of most benefit to a limited number of patients. Immunotherapy could be made effective for more people if new cancer peptides that are displayed by the other ‘under-represented’ forms of HLA were identified. Murata, Nakatsugawa et al. have now used T cells that were taken from tumors in eight patients with melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer. A library of fluorescent HLA-peptides was generated – using a new, simplified methodology – with 25 forms of HLA that displayed over 800 peptides. T cells were then mixed with the library to identify which HLA-peptides they can target. As a result, Murata, Nakatsugawa et al. found the cancer targets of around 12% of the tumor-infiltrating T cells tested, including those from under-represented forms of HLA. Consequently, these findings could be used to develop new immunotherapies that can treat more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Murata
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Rahman
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Douglas G Millar
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David T Mulder
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Saijo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yukiko Matsunaga
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian D Burt
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dalam Ly
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra Easson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danny Ghazarian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Rey-Jurado E, Bohmwald K, Correa HG, Kalergis AM. TCR Repertoire Characterization for T Cells Expanded in Response to hRSV Infection in Mice Immunized with a Recombinant BCG Vaccine. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020233. [PMID: 32093256 PMCID: PMC7077260 DOI: 10.3390/v12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play an essential role in the immune response against the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV). It has been described that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can contribute to the clearance of the virus during an infection. However, for some individuals, such an immune response can lead to an exacerbated and detrimental inflammatory response with high recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs. The receptor of most T cells is a heterodimer consisting of α and β chains (αβTCR) that upon antigen engagement induces the activation of these cells. The αβTCR molecule displays a broad sequence diversity that defines the T cell repertoire of an individual. In our laboratory, a recombinant Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine expressing the nucleoprotein (N) of hRSV (rBCG-N-hRSV) was developed. Such a vaccine induces T cells with a Th1 polarized phenotype that promote the clearance of hRSV infection without causing inflammatory lung damage. Importantly, as part of this work, the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of T cells expanded after hRSV infection in naïve and rBCG-N-hRSV-immunized mice was characterized. A more diverse TCR repertoire was observed in the lungs from rBCG-N-hRSV-immunized as compared to unimmunized hRSV-infected mice, suggesting that vaccination with the recombinant rBCG-N-hRSV vaccine triggers the expansion of T cell populations that recognize more viral epitopes. Furthermore, differential expansion of certain TCRVβ chains was found for hRSV infection (TCRVβ+8.3 and TCRVβ+5.1,5.2) as compared to rBCG-N-hRSV vaccination (TCRVβ+11 and TCRVβ+12). Our findings contribute to better understanding the T cell response during hRSV infection, as well as the functioning of a vaccine that induces a protective T cell immunity against this virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BCG Vaccine/genetics
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/administration & dosage
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
| | - Hernán G. Correa
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-6862846
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7
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Meier JA, Haque M, Fawaz M, Abdeen H, Coffey D, Towlerton A, Abdeen A, Toor A, Warren E, Reed J, Kanakry CG, Keating A, Luznik L, Toor AA. T Cell Repertoire Evolution after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: An Organizational Perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:868-882. [PMID: 30677510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of human T cell receptors has revealed a high level of complexity in the T cell repertoire, which makes it difficult to correlate T cell reconstitution with clinical outcomes. The associations identified thus far are of a broadly statistical nature, precluding precise modeling of outcomes based on T cell repertoire development following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Previous work has demonstrated an inherent, mathematically definable order observed in the T cells from a diverse group of donors, which is perturbed in recipients following BMT. In this study, T cell receptor (TCR)-β sequences from HLA-matched related donor and recipient pairs are analyzed to further develop this methodology. TCR-β sequencing from unsorted and sorted T cell subsets isolated from the peripheral blood samples of BMT donors and recipients show conservation and symmetry of VJ segment usage in the clonal frequencies, linked to the organization of the gene segments along the TCR locus. This TCR-β VJ segment translational symmetry is preserved post-transplantation and even in cases of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), suggesting that GVHD occurrence represents a polyclonal donor T cell response to recipient antigens. The complexity of the repertoire is significantly diminished after BMT, and the T cell clonal hierarchy is altered post-transplantation. Low-frequency donor clones tended to take on a higher rank in the recipients following BMT, especially in patients with aGVHD. Over time, the repertoire evolves to a more donor-like state in the recipients who did not develop GVHD as opposed to those who did. The results presented here support new methods of quantifying and characterizing post-transplantation T cell repertoire reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Meier
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mahdee Haque
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mohamed Fawaz
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hamdi Abdeen
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David Coffey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Towlerton
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Abdullah Toor
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edus Warren
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason Reed
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Christopher G Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Armand Keating
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leo Luznik
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amir A Toor
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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8
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Rosskopf S, Leitner J, Paster W, Morton LT, Hagedoorn RS, Steinberger P, Heemskerk MHM. A Jurkat 76 based triple parameter reporter system to evaluate TCR functions and adoptive T cell strategies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17608-17619. [PMID: 29707134 PMCID: PMC5915142 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy using TCR transgenic autologous T cells has shown great potential for the treatment of tumor patients. Thorough characterization of genetically reprogrammed T cells is necessary to optimize treatment success. Here, we describe the generation of triple parameter reporter T cells based on the Jurkat 76 T cell line for the evaluation of TCR and chimeric antigen receptor functions as well as adoptive T cell strategies. This Jurkat subline is devoid of endogenous TCR alpha and TCR beta chains, thereby circumventing the problem of TCR miss-pairing and unexpected specificities. The resultant reporter cells allow simultaneous determination of the activity of the transcription factors NF-κB, NFAT and AP-1 that play key roles in T cell activation. Human TCRs directed against tumor and virus antigens were introduced and reporter responses were determined using tumor cell lines endogenously expressing the antigens of interest or via addition of antigenic peptides. Finally, we demonstrate that coexpression of adhesion molecules like CD2 and CD226 as well as CD28 chimeric receptors represents an effective strategy to augment the response of TCR-transgenic reporters to cells presenting cognate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rosskopf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura T Morton
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renate S Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhang Y, Gu X, Meng Y, Guo H, Du J, Xing W. Analysis of the effect of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy on ovarian function, immune function and quality of sexual life of patients with hysteromyoma at different ages. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2929-2934. [PMID: 29435020 PMCID: PMC5778788 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to comparatively analyze the impact of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) and transcervical resection of myoma (TCRM) on ovarian function, immune function and quality of sexual life of patients with hysteromyoma. Two hundred and forty patients with hysteromyoma admitted into the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2014 to June 2016 were divided into laparoscopic myomectomy group (LM group, n=120) and transcervical resection of myoma group (TCRM group, n=120) according to random figure table. The difference between the two surgical methods were compared among hysteromyoma patients of different age in the following aspects: perioperative indicators, ovarian function, immune function and quality of sexual life before treatment and after operation. 1) there was no significant difference in age structure between LM and TCRM group (P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the amount of bleeding, operative time, analgesics usage rate between the groups (P>0.05), but the anal exhaust time, postoperative ambulation time, hospitalization time and hospitalization costs in TCRM group were significantly less than that in LM group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). 3) Before treatment and in the 3rd, and 6th month after operation, there was no significant difference on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) or estradiol (E2) level between the two groups (P>0.05); but in the 3rd month after operation, the level of E2 decreased remarkably, with FSH and LH level increased significantly compared with the 6th month after operation and before treatment (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the preoperative status, there was no significant decrease in humoral immunity (IgG, IgA, IgM) and cellular immune function (CD4+, CD8+) in TCRM group at the 3rd and 6th month after operation (P>0.05). While at the 3rd month after operation, the levels of CD4+, CD8+ were decreased significantly in comparison to those at the 6th month after operation (P<0.05), but the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were not decreased significantly (P>0.05). 5) There was no significant difference in the quality of sexual life between the two groups before operation or at the 3rd and 6th month after operation (P>0.05). In recent years, endoscopic treatment has become the main treatment evolution of hysteromyoma, patients of all ages are paying attention to the preservation of the uterus. This study showed that TCRM is approaching through the natural cavity, which has the features of less damage to body, faster recovery and lower cost of hospitalization than LM. The two surgical methods have no obvious influence on ovarian function, immune function and quality of sexual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuejin Meng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Haizhou Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jiehua Du
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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10
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Guo T, Koo MY, Kagoya Y, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Saso K, Butler MO, Hirano N. A Subset of Human Autoreactive CD1c-Restricted T Cells Preferentially Expresses TRBV4-1 + TCRs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:500-511. [PMID: 29237773 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In humans, a substantial portion of T cells recognize lipids presented by the monomorphic CD1 proteins. Recent studies have revealed the molecular basis of mycobacterial lipid recognition by CD1c-restricted T cells. Subsets of CD1c-restricted T cells recognize self-lipids in addition to foreign lipids, which may have implications in human diseases involving autoimmunity and malignancy. However, the molecular identity of these self-reactive T cells remains largely elusive. In this study, using a novel CD1c+ artificial APC (aAPC)-based system, we isolated human CD1c-restricted autoreactive T cells and characterized them at the molecular level. By using the human cell line K562, which is deficient in MHC class I/II and CD1 expression, we generated an aAPC expressing CD1c as the sole Ag-presenting molecule. When stimulated with this CD1c+ aAPC presenting endogenous lipids, a subpopulation of primary CD4+ T cells from multiple donors was consistently activated, as measured by CD154 upregulation and cytokine production in a CD1c-specific manner. These activated CD4+ T cells preferentially expressed TRBV4-1+ TCRs. Clonotypic analyses of the reconstituted TRBV4-1+ TCR genes confirmed CD1c-restricted autoreactivity of this repertoire, and the strength of CD1c reactivity was influenced by the diversity of CDR3β sequences. Finally, alanine scanning of CDR1 and CDR2 sequences of TRBV4-1 revealed two unique residues, Arg30 and Tyr51, as critical in conferring CD1c-restricted autoreactivity, thus elucidating the molecular basis of the observed V gene bias. These data provide new insights into the molecular identity of human autoreactive CD1c-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Ming Yin Koo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
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11
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Chamoto K, Guo T, Scally SW, Kagoya Y, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Rahman MA, Saso K, Butler MO, Chiu PPL, Julien JP, Hirano N. Key Residues at Third CDR3β Position Impact Structure and Antigen Recognition of Human Invariant NK TCRs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1056-1065. [PMID: 28003379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The human invariant NK (iNK) TCR is largely composed of the invariant TCR Vα24-Jα18 chain and semivariant TCR Vβ11 chains with variable CDR3β sequences. The direct role of CDR3β in Ag recognition has been studied extensively. Although it was noted that CDR3β can interact with CDR3α, how this interaction might indirectly influence Ag recognition is not fully elucidated. We observed that the third position of Vβ11 CDR3 can encode an Arg or Ser residue as a result of somatic rearrangement. Clonotypic analysis of the two iNK TCR types with a single amino acid substitution revealed that the staining intensity by anti-Vα24 Abs depends on whether Ser or Arg is encoded. When stained with an anti-Vα24-Jα18 Ab, human primary invariant NKT cells could be divided into Vα24 low- and high-intensity subsets, and Arg-encoding TCR Vβ11 chains were more frequently isolated from the Vα24 low-intensity subpopulation compared with the Vα24 high-intensity subpopulation. The Arg/Ser substitution also influenced Ag recognition as determined by CD1d multimer staining and CD1d-restricted functional responses. Importantly, in silico modeling validated that this Ser-to-Arg mutation could alter the structure of the CDR3β loop, as well as the CDR3α loop. Collectively, these results indicate that the Arg/Ser encoded at the third CDR3β residue can effectively modulate the overall structure of, and Ag recognition by, human iNK TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Chamoto
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scally
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Rahman
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Priscilla P L Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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