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A case of idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis successfully treated by intensive blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. CEN Case Rep 2022. [PMID: 36574195 PMCID: PMC10393922 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis has a poor renal prognosis and is characterized by diffuse nodular glomerulosclerotic lesions in the absence of diabetic mellitus. Here, we report the case of a 69-year-old woman with no smoking history who developed renal dysfunction and proteinuria in the absence of overt diabetes or obesity. A biopsy specimen showed nodular mesangial sclerosis with arteriolar hyalinosis and severe large-vessel arteriosclerosis, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis. Addition of esaxerenone to her existing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitor therapy led to a rapid decrease in the proteinuria levels and the maintenance of renal function without any complications for more than a year. The results suggest that intensive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade might be an effective treatment for idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis.
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Ivy JR, Bailey MA. Nondipping Blood Pressure: Predictive or Reactive Failure of Renal Sodium Handling? Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:21-34. [PMID: 33325814 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure follows a daily rhythm, dipping during nocturnal sleep in humans. Attenuation of this dip (nondipping) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Renal control of sodium homeostasis is essential for long-term blood pressure control. Sodium reabsorption and excretion have rhythms that rely on predictive/circadian as well as reactive adaptations. We explore how these rhythms might contribute to blood pressure rhythm in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Gálvez BG, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ordovas JM, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:251-275. [PMID: 33037326 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world's adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and antihypertensive effects of major lifestyle interventions (regular physical exercise, body weight management and healthy dietary patterns), as well as other less traditional recommendations such as stress management and the promotion of adequate sleep patterns coupled with circadian entrainment. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these lifestyle interventions on hypertension, which include not only the prevention of traditional risk factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance) and improvements in vascular health through an improved redox and inflammatory status, but also reduced sympathetic overactivation and non-traditional mechanisms such as increased secretion of myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Song C, Yan H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Cao H, Wan Y, Kong L, Chen S, Xu H, Pan B, Zhang J, Fan G, Xin H, Liang Z, Jia W, Tian XL. AQR is a novel type 2 diabetes-associated gene that regulates signaling pathways critical for glucose metabolism. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:111-120. [PMID: 29502958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we performed an in-house genotyping and meta-analysis study using three independent GWAS datasets of T2DM and found that rs3743121, located 1 kb downstream of AQR, was a novel susceptibility SNP associated with T2DM. The risk allele C of rs3743121 was correlated with the increased expression of AQR in white blood cells, similar to that observed in T2DM models. The knockdown of AQR in HepG2 facilitated the glucose uptake, decreased the expression level of PCK2, increased the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, and restored the insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the suppression of AQR inhibited the mTOR pathway and the protein ubiquitination process. Our study suggests that AQR is a novel type 2 diabetes-associated gene that regulates signaling pathways critical for glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Song
- Laboratory of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Yan
- Laboratory of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanming Wang
- Laboratory of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huiqing Cao
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiqi Wan
- Human Population Genetics, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Human Population Genetics, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shenghan Chen
- Human Population Genetics, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bingxing Pan
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zicai Liang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Laboratory of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Human Population Genetics, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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