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Song Q, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wu S, Yan X, He K, Gao G, Chen Q, Wang S. Site-Selective Synthesis of Bilayer Graphene on Cu Substrates Using Titanium as a Carbon Diffusion Barrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38355-38364. [PMID: 39011562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a widely used method for graphene synthesis, but it struggles to produce large-area uniform bilayer graphene (BLG). This study introduces a novel approach to meet the demands of large-scale integrated circuit applications, challenging the conventional reliance on uniform BLG over extensive areas. We developed a unique method involving the direct growth of bilayer graphene arrays (BLGA) on Cu foil substrates using patterned titanium (Ti) as a diffusion barrier. The use of the Ti layer can effectively control carbon atom diffusion through the Cu foil without altering the growth conditions or compromising the graphene quality, thereby showcasing its versatility. The approach allows for targeted BLG growth and achieved a yield of 100% for a 10 × 10 BLG units array. Then a 10 × 10 BLG memristor array was fabricated, and a yield of 96% was achieved. The performances of these devices show good uniformity, evidenced by the set voltages concentrated around 4 V, and a high resistance state (HRS) to low resistance state (LRS) ratio predominantly around 107, reflecting the spatial uniformity of the prepared BLGA. This study provides insight into the BLG growth mechanism and opens new possibilities for BLG-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Su Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Guilong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Gemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Sengupta J, Hussain CM. Graphene-Induced Performance Enhancement of Batteries, Touch Screens, Transparent Memory, and Integrated Circuits: A Critical Review on a Decade of Developments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3146. [PMID: 36144934 PMCID: PMC9503183 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene achieved a peerless level among nanomaterials in terms of its application in electronic devices, owing to its fascinating and novel properties. Its large surface area and high electrical conductivity combine to create high-power batteries. In addition, because of its high optical transmittance, low sheet resistance, and the possibility of transferring it onto plastic substrates, graphene is also employed as a replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO) in making electrodes for touch screens. Moreover, it was observed that graphene enhances the performance of transparent flexible electronic modules due to its higher mobility, minimal light absorbance, and superior mechanical properties. Graphene is even considered a potential substitute for the post-Si electronics era, where a high-performance graphene-based field-effect transistor (GFET) can be fabricated to detect the lethal SARS-CoV-2. Hence, graphene incorporation in electronic devices can facilitate immense device structure/performance advancements. In the light of the aforementioned facts, this review critically debates graphene as a prime candidate for the fabrication and performance enhancement of electronic devices, and its future applicability in various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Sengupta
- Department of Electronic Science, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, Kolkata 700033, India
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Singhania A, Ghosh I, Sahoo P, Fujita D, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay A. Radio Waveguide-Double Ratchet Rotors Work in Unison on a Surface to Convert Heat into Power. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6891-6898. [PMID: 32787137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synchronizing thousands of 100% efficient rotors in a macrodevice for harvesting noise is unapprehended. Thermodynamically, realizing a thermal gradient at the atomic scale is critical. Harvesting free thermal energy or noise by resonance has a hidden clause; either externally activating a directed self-powered motion or constructing a nanoscale power supply. To accomplish this, we combined two rotor concepts, Brownian rotor, BR, and power stroke, PS, rotors available in living systems in two planes of a single molecule. Quantum tunneling images reveal how a radio-wave guided synchronization of PS-BR combination tweaks rotational dynamics of a rotor to bypass the necessity of temperature gradient (ΔT). Live imaging of thermal noise movement as electron density between a pair of molecular planes helped in optimizing the rotor design. The rotor's monolayer harvests heat from the liquid's Brownian noise and electromagnetic noise, together delivering a finite, usable power. The chip supplies the power if we wet the surface or shine electric noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singhania
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Indrani Ghosh
- International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA) and ▽Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Pathik Sahoo
- International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA) and ▽Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | | | - Subrata Ghosh
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Anirban Bandyopadhyay
- International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA) and ▽Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
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Nayak PK. Pulsed-grown graphene for flexible transparent conductors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1215-1223. [PMID: 36133212 PMCID: PMC9419159 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the race to find novel transparent conductors for next-generation optoelectronic devices, graphene is supposed to be one of the leading candidates, as it has the potential to satisfy all future requirements. However, the use of graphene as a truly transparent conductor remains a great challenge because its lowest sheet resistance demonstrated so far exceeds that of the commercially available indium tin oxide. The possible cause of low conductivity lies in its intrinsic growth process, which requires further exploration. In this work, I have approached this problem by controlling graphene nucleation during the chemical vapor deposition process as well as by adopting three distinct procedures, including bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide doping, post annealing, and flattening of graphene films. Additionally, van der Waals stacked graphene layers have been prepared to reduce the sheet resistance effectively. I have demonstrated an efficient and flexible transparent conductor with the extremely low sheet resistance of 40 Ω sq-1, high transparency (T r ∼90%), and high mechanical flexibility, making it suitable for electrode materials in future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramoda K Nayak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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Yi D, Jeon S, Hong SW. Selectively Patterned Regrowth of Bilayer Graphene for Self-Integrated Electronics by Sequential Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40014-40023. [PMID: 30365886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical demand for the highly qualified synthesis of graphene with precisely controlled thickness over a large coverage area. Selective growth can be considered as one method of preparing a vertically stacked graphene, but it usually requires elaborately alloyed substrates for chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Here, we report on a newly developed synthesis strategy for a selectively patterned grown graphene sheet in a spatially defined multithickness scale, exhibiting single- and bilayer graphene produced by a conventional CVD process. In particular, a sequential CVD growth technique on a single Cu substrate was used to produce highly ordered and alternatively patterned single- and bilayer graphene, maintaining its continuous configuration in a simplified and scalable manner. Our regrowth process did not require multiple transfer procedures or an alloying catalytic substrate to satisfy the properties of graphene associated with the needs for various applications. We also investigated the most valid mechanisms for our regrowth CVD process, which suggests that it is useful for the cost-effective synthetic approach into a built-in heterostructured single- and bilayer graphene. Finally, we demonstrated the possible accesses of transparent flexible electrodes and monolithically self-integrated all-graphene-based thin-film transistors to fully utilize regrown graphene.
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No YS, Choi HK, Kim JS, Kim H, Yu YJ, Choi CG, Choi JS. Layer number identification of CVD-grown multilayer graphene using Si peak analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:571. [PMID: 29330376 PMCID: PMC5766578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the successful exfoliation of graphene, various methodologies have been developed to identify the number of layers of exfoliated graphene. The optical contrast, Raman G-peak intensity, and 2D-peak line-shape are currently widely used as the first level of inspection for graphene samples. Although the combination analysis of G- and 2D-peaks is powerful for exfoliated graphene samples, its use is limited in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene because CVD-grown graphene consists of various domains with randomly rotated crystallographic axes between layers, which makes the G- and 2D-peaks analysis difficult for use in number identification. We report herein that the Raman Si-peak intensity can be a universal measure for the number identification of multilayered graphene. We synthesized a few-layered graphene via the CVD method and performed Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, we measured the Si-peak intensities from various individual graphene domains and correlated them with the corresponding layer numbers. We then compared the normalized Si-peak intensity of the CVD-grown multilayer graphene with the exfoliated multilayer graphene as a reference and successfully identified the layer number of the CVD-grown graphene. We believe that this Si-peak analysis can be further applied to various 2-dimensional (2D) materials prepared by both exfoliation and chemical growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Shin No
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Hong Kyw Choi
- Emerging Devices Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hakseong Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Yu
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Choon-Gi Choi
- Graphene Research Lab., Emerging Devices Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Korea
| | - Jin Sik Choi
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea.
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Shokati E, Granpayeh N, Danaeifar M. Wideband and multi-frequency infrared cloaking of spherical objects by using the graphene-based metasurface. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:3053-3058. [PMID: 28414362 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ultrathin graphene metasurface is proposed as a mantle cloak to achieve wideband tunable scattering reduction around the spherical (three-dimensional) objects. The cloaking shell over the metallic or dielectric sphere is structured by a periodic array of graphene nanodisks that operate at infrared frequencies. By using the polarizability of the graphene nanodisks and equivalent conductivity method, the metasurface reactance is obtained. To achieve the cloaking shell for both dielectric and conducting spheres, the metasurface reactance as a function of nanodisks dimensions, graphene's Fermi energy, and permittivity of the surrounding areas can be tuned from the inductive to capacitive situation. Inhomogeneous metasurfaces including graphene nanodisks with different radii provide wideband invisibility due to extra resonances. We could significantly increase the 3-dB bandwidth more than the homogenous case by simpler realistic designs compared to the multi-layer structures. The analytical results are confirmed with full-wave numerical simulations.
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Yang G, Kim HY, Jang S, Kim J. Transfer-Free Growth of Multilayer Graphene Using Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27115-27121. [PMID: 27631896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-area graphene needs to be directly synthesized on the desired substrates without using a transfer process so that it can easily be used in industrial applications. However, the development of a direct method for graphene growth on an arbitrary substrate remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a bottom-up and transfer-free growth method for preparing multilayer graphene using a self-assembled monolayer (trimethoxy phenylsilane) as the carbon source. Graphene was directly grown on various substrates such as SiO2/Si, quartz, GaN, and textured Si by a simple thermal annealing process employing catalytic metal encapsulation. To determine the optimal growth conditions, experimental parameters such as the choice of catalytic metal, growth temperatures, and gas flow rate were investigated. The optical transmittance at 550 nm and the sheet resistance of the prepared transfer-free graphene are 84.3% and 3500 Ω/□, respectively. The synthesized graphene samples were fabricated into chemical sensors. High and fast responses to both NO2 and NH3 gas molecules were observed. The transfer-free graphene growth method proposed in this study is highly compatible with previously established fabrication systems, thereby opening up new possibilities for using graphene in versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangseok Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hong-Yeol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Soohwan Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University , Yongin 16890, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
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