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Strzemski M, Adamec L, Dresler S, Mazurek B, Dubaj K, Stolarczyk P, Feldo M, Płachno BJ. Shoots and Turions of Aquatic Plants as a Source of Fatty Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:2062. [PMID: 38731554 PMCID: PMC11085451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are essential for human health. Currently, there is a search for alternative sources of fatty acids that could supplement such sources as staple crops or fishes. Turions of aquatic plants accumulate a variety of substances such as starch, free sugars, amino acids, reserve proteins and lipids. Our aim is to see if turions can be a valuable source of fatty acids. METHODS Overwintering shoots and turions of aquatic carnivorous plants were collected. The plant material was extracted with hexane. The oils were analyzed using a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. RESULTS The dominant compound in all samples was linolenic acid. The oil content was different in turions and shoots. The oil content of the shoots was higher than that of the turions, but the proportion of fatty acids in the oils from the shoots was low in contrast to the oils from the turions. The turions of Utricularia species were shown to be composed of about 50% fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The turions of Utricularia species can be used to obtain oil with unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the high fatty acid content of turions may explain their ability to survive at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Lubomir Adamec
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic;
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Mazurek
- Analytical Department, New Chemical Syntheses Institute, 13A Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dubaj
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, 27 Boleslawa Chrobrego Str., 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Xiao PX, Li Y, Lu J, Zuo H, Pingcuo G, Ying H, Zhao F, Xu Q, Zeng X, Jiao WB. High-quality assembly and methylome of a Tibetan wild tree peony genome ( Paeonia ludlowii) reveal the evolution of giant genome architecture. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad241. [PMID: 38156287 PMCID: PMC10753165 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony belongs to one of the Saxifragales families, Paeoniaceae. It is one of the most famous ornamental plants, and is also a promising woody oil plant. Although two Paeoniaceae genomes have been released, their assembly qualities are still to be improved. Additionally, more genomes from wild peonies are needed to accelerate genomic-assisted breeding. Here we assemble a high-quality and chromosome-scale 10.3-Gb genome of a wild Tibetan tree peony, Paeonia ludlowii, which features substantial sequence divergence, including around 75% specific sequences and gene-level differentials compared with other peony genomes. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that Saxifragales and Vitales are sister taxa and, together with rosids, they are the sister taxon to asterids. The P. ludlowii genome is characterized by frequent chromosome reductions, centromere rearrangements, broadly distributed heterochromatin, and recent continuous bursts of transposable element (TE) movement in peony, although it lacks recent whole-genome duplication. These recent TE bursts appeared during the uplift and glacial period of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, perhaps contributing to adaptation to rapid climate changes. Further integrated analyses with methylome data revealed that genome expansion in peony might be dynamically affected by complex interactions among TE proliferation, TE removal, and DNA methylation silencing. Such interactions also impact numerous recently duplicated genes, particularly those related to oil biosynthesis and flower traits. This genome resource will not only provide the genomic basis for tree peony breeding but also shed light on the study of the evolution of huge genome structures as well as their protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xuan Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanrong Li
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Jin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Zuo
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
| | - Gesang Pingcuo
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Hong Ying
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Zeng
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Wen-Biao Jiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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He WS, Wang Q, Zhao L, Li J, Li J, Wei N, Chen G. Nutritional composition, health-promoting effects, bioavailability, and encapsulation of tree peony seed oil: a review. Food Funct 2023; 14:10265-10285. [PMID: 37929791 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony is cultivated worldwide in large quantities due to its exceptional ornamental and medicinal value. In recent years, the edible value of tree peony seed oil (TPSO) has garnered significant attention for its high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, >40%) and other beneficial minor components, including phytosterols, tocopherols, squalene, and phenolics. This review provides a systematic summary of the nutritional composition and health-promoting effects of TPSO, with a specific focus on its digestion, absorption, bioavailability, and encapsulation status. Additionally, information on techniques for extracting and identifying adulteration of TPSO, as well as its commercial applications and regulated policies, is included. Thanks to its unique nutrients, TPSO offers a wide range of health benefits, such as hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, and regulation of the intestinal microbiota. Consequently, TPSO shows promising potential in the food and cosmetic industries and should be cultivated in more countries. However, the application of TPSO is hindered by its low bioavailability, poor stability, and limited water dispersibility. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective delivery strategies, such as microencapsulation and emulsion, to overcome these limitations. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional value of TPSO and emphasizes the need for further research on its nutrition and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liying Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Na Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Zhu J, Dai W, Chen B, Cai G, Wu X, Yan G. Research Progress on the Effect of Nitrogen on Rapeseed between Seed Yield and Oil Content and Its Regulation Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14504. [PMID: 37833952 PMCID: PMC10572985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in China. Improving the oil production of rapeseed is an important way to ensure the safety of edible oil in China. Oil production is an important index that reflects the quality of rapeseed and is determined by the oil content and yield. Applying nitrogen is an important way to ensure a strong and stable yield. However, the seed oil content has been shown to be reduced in most rapeseed varieties after nitrogen application. Thus, it is critical to screen elite germplasm resources with stable or improved oil content under high levels of nitrogen, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the regulation by nitrogen of oil accumulation. However, few studies on these aspects have been published. In this review, we analyze the effect of nitrogen on the growth and development of rapeseed, including photosynthetic assimilation, substance distribution, and the synthesis of lipids and proteins. In this process, the expression levels of genes related to nitrogen absorption, assimilation, and transport changed after nitrogen application, which enhanced the ability of carbon and nitrogen assimilation and increased biomass, thus leading to a higher yield. After a crop enters the reproductive growth phase, photosynthates in the body are transported to the developing seed for protein and lipid synthesis. However, protein synthesis precedes lipid synthesis, and a large number of photosynthates are consumed during protein synthesis, which weakens lipid synthesis. Moreover, we suggest several research directions, especially for exploring genes involved in lipid and protein accumulation under nitrogen regulation. In this study, we summarize the effects of nitrogen at both the physiological and molecular levels, aiming to reveal the mechanisms of nitrogen regulation in oil accumulation and, thereby, provide a theoretical basis for breeding varieties with a high oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guixin Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (J.Z.)
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5
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Coon A, Musah RA. Investigation of Small-Molecule Constituents in Voacanga africana Seeds and Mapping of Their Spatial Distributions Using Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real-Time Imaging-Mass Spectrometry (LADI-MS). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27190-27205. [PMID: 37546641 PMCID: PMC10399170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant seeds are a renewable resource that can furnish access to medicinal natural products that can only otherwise be isolated from aerial or root parts, the harvest of which may be destructive to the plant or threaten its viability. However, optimization of the isolation of such compounds from seeds would be greatly assisted if the spatial distribution of the molecules of interest within the plant tissue were known. For example, iboga alkaloids that hold promise for the treatment of opioid use disorder are typically isolated from the leaves, bark, or roots of Tabernanthe or Voacanga spp. trees, but it would be more environmentally sustainable to isolate such compounds from their seeds. Here, we leveraged the unique capabilities of the ambient mass spectral imaging technique termed laser ablation direct analysis in real-time imaging-mass spectrometry (LADI-MS) to reveal the spatial distributions of a range of molecules, including alkaloids within V. africana seeds. In addition to six compounds previously reported in these seeds, namely, tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and Δ14-vincamine, an additional 31 compounds were newly identified in V. africana seeds. The compound classes included alkaloids, terpenes, and fatty acids. The ion images showed that the fatty acids were localized in the embryo of the seed. The alkaloids, which were mainly localized in the seed endosperm, included strictamine, akuammidine, polyneruidine, vobasine, and Δ14-vincamine. This information can be exploited to enhance the efficiency of secondary metabolite isolation from V. africana seeds while eliminating the destruction of other plant parts.
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Xue YF, Fu C, Chai CY, Liao FF, Chen BJ, Wei SZ, Wang R, Gao H, Fan TT, Chai YR. Engineering the Staple Oil Crop Brassica napus Enriched with α-Linolenic Acid Using the Perilla FAD2- FAD3 Fusion Gene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7324-7333. [PMID: 37130169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern people generally suffer from α-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency, since most staple food oils are low in ALA content. Thus, the enhancement of ALA in staple oil crops is of importance. In this study, the FAD2 and FAD3 coding regions from the ALA-king species Perilla frutescens were fused using a newly designed double linker LP4-2A, driven by a seed-specific promoter PNAP, and engineered into a rapeseed elite cultivar ZS10 with canola quality background. The mean ALA content in the seed oil of PNAP:PfFAD2-PfFAD3 (N23) T5 lines was 3.34-fold that of the control (32.08 vs 9.59%), with the best line being up to 37.47%. There are no significant side effects of the engineered constructs on the background traits including oil content. In fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, the expression levels of structural genes as well as regulatory genes were significantly upregulated in N23 lines. On the other hand, the expression levels of genes encoding the positive regulators of flavonoid-proanthocyanidin biosynthesis but negative regulators of oil accumulation were significantly downregulated. Surprisingly, the ALA level in PfFAD2-PfFAD3 transgenic rapeseed lines driven by the constitutive promoter PD35S was not increased or even showed a slight decrease due to the lower level of foreign gene expression and downregulation of the endogenous orthologous genes BnFAD2 and BnFAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Xue
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Chai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bao-Jun Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Song-Zhen Wei
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Teng-Teng Fan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - You-Rong Chai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Chen TQ, Sun Y, Yuan T. Transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analysis revealed early ovule abortion of Paeonia ludlowii. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:78. [PMID: 36803218 PMCID: PMC9936667 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeonia ludlowii (Stern & G. Taylor D.Y. Hong) belongs to the peony group of the genus Paeonia in the Paeoniaceae family and is now classified as a "critically endangered species" in China. Reproduction is important for this species, and its low fruiting rate has become a critical factor limiting both the expansion of its wild population and its domestic cultivation. RESULTS In this study, we investigated possible causes of the low fruiting rate and ovule abortion in Paeonia ludlowii. We clarified the characteristics of ovule abortion and the specific time of abortion in Paeonia ludlowii, and used transcriptome sequencing to investigate the mechanism of abortion of ovules in Paeonia ludlowii. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the ovule abortion characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii were systematically studied for the first time and provide a theoretical basis for the optimal breeding and future cultivation of Paeonia ludlowii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-qiao Chen
- grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Geography and Environmental Science/School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001 China
| | - Yue Sun
- grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Genomic basis of the giga-chromosomes and giga-genome of tree peony Paeonia ostii. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7328. [PMID: 36443323 PMCID: PMC9705720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia ostii) is an economically important ornamental plant native to China. It is also notable for its seed oil, which is abundant in unsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid (ALA). Here, we report chromosome-level genome assembly (12.28 Gb) of P. ostii. In contrast to monocots with giant genomes, tree peony does not appear to have undergone lineage-specific whole-genome duplication. Instead, explosive LTR expansion in the intergenic regions within a short period (~ two million years) may have contributed to the formation of its giga-genome. In addition, expansion of five types of histone encoding genes may have helped maintain the giga-chromosomes. Further, we conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 448 accessions and show expansion and high expression of several genes in the key nodes of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, including SAD, FAD2 and FAD3, may function in high level of ALAs synthesis in tree peony seeds. Moreover, by comparing with cultivated tree peony (P. suffruticosa), we show that ectopic expression of class A gene AP1 and reduced expression of class C gene AG may contribute to the formation of petaloid stamens. Genomic resources reported in this study will be valuable for studying chromosome/genome evolution and tree peony breeding.
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9
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhou M, Hu Y, Yuan J. PacBio full-length sequencing integrated with RNA-seq reveals the molecular mechanism of waterlogging and its recovery in Paeonia ostii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030584. [PMID: 36407600 PMCID: PMC9669713 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia ostii, a widely cultivated tree peony species in China, is a resourceful plant with medicinal, ornamental and oil value. However, fleshy roots lead to a low tolerance to waterlogging in P. ostii. In this study, P. ostii roots were sequenced using a hybrid approach combining single-molecule real-time and next-generation sequencing platforms to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the response to this sequentially waterlogging stress, the normal growth, waterlogging treatment (WT), and waterlogging recovery treatment (WRT). Our results indicated that the strategy of P. ostii, in response to WT, was a hypoxic resting syndrome, wherein the glycolysis and fermentation processes were accelerated to maintain energy levels and the tricarboxylic acid cycle was inhibited. P. ostii enhanced waterlogging tolerance by reducing the uptake of nitrate and water from the soil. Moreover, transcription factors, such as AP2/EREBP, WRKY, MYB, and NAC, played essential roles in response to WT and WRT. They were all induced in response to the WT condition, while the decreasing expression levels were observed under the WRT condition. Our results contribute to understanding the defense mechanisms against waterlogging stress in P. ostii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Zhou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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10
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Li Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Peng L, Hao Q, Liu Z, Men S, Tong N, Shu Q. ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-ω3 FATTY ACID DESATURASE3 module regulates unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis in Paeonia ostii. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111189. [PMID: 35193738 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia ostii is an authorized novel vegetable oil crop due to its seeds rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) especially α-linolenic acid (ALA), which overweight the current available edible oil. However, little is known on the regulation mechanism of UFAs biosynthesis during its seed development. Here, we used transcriptome and proteome data combining phytochemistry means to uncover the relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and UFAs biosynthesis during P. ostii seed development. Based on transcriptome and proteome analysis, two desaturases of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid, named as PoFAD2 and PoFAD3 responsible for ALA biosynthesis were identified. Then, an ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) proteins was identified as an upstream transcriptional factor, which activated the expression of PoFAD3 instead of PoFAD2. Moreover, silencing of PoABI5 repressed the response of PoFAD3 to ABA. This study provides the first view on the connection between the function of ABA signaling factors and ALA biosynthesis in the P. ostii seed, which lays the foundation for studies on the regulatory mechanism of ABA signaling involved in the UFAs synthesis during seeds development, meanwhile, it will shed light on manipulation of ALA content for satisfying human demands on high quality of edible oil or healthy supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Xiruo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Zheng'an Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Liping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Qing Hao
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Zenggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Siqi Men
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ningning Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qingyan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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11
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Diantina S, McGill C, Millner J, Nadarajan J, Pritchard HW, Colville L, Clavijo McCormick A. Seed viability and fatty acid profiles of five orchid species before and after ageing. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:168-175. [PMID: 34724312 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in seed lipid composition during ageing are associated with seed viability loss in many plant species. However, due to their small seed size, this has not been previously explored in orchids. We characterized and compared the seed viability and fatty acid profiles of five orchid species before and after ageing: one tropical epiphytic orchid from Indonesia (Dendrobium strebloceras), and four temperate species from New Zealand, D. cunninghamii (epiphytic), and Gastrodia cunninghamii, Pterostylis banksii and Thelymitra nervosa (terrestrial). Seeds were aged under controlled laboratory conditions (3-month storage at 60% RH and 20 °C). Seed viability was tested before and after ageing using tetrazolium chloride staining. Fatty acid methyl esters from fresh and aged seeds were extracted through trans-esterification, and then analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All species had high initial viability (>80%) and experienced significant viability loss after ageing. The saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and total fatty acid content decreased with ageing in all species, but this reduction was only significant for D. strebloceras, D. cunninghamii and G. cunninghamii. Our results suggest that fatty acid degradation is a typical response to ageing in orchids, albeit with species variation in magnitude, but the link between fatty acid degradation and viability was not elucidated. Pterostylis banksii exemplified this variation; it showed marked viability loss despite not having a significant reduction in its fatty acid content after ageing. More research is required to identify the effect of ageing on fatty acid composition in orchids, and its contribution to seed viability loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diantina
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
| | - C McGill
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Millner
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Nadarajan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - H W Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
| | - L Colville
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
| | - A Clavijo McCormick
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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12
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Wang Z, Zheng C, Huang F, Liu C, Huang Y, Wang W. Effects of Radio Frequency Pretreatment on Quality of Tree Peony Seed Oils: Process Optimization and Comparison with Microwave and Roasting. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123062. [PMID: 34945613 PMCID: PMC8700783 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the technical parameters of tree peony seeds oil (TPSO) after their treatment with radio frequency (RF) at 0 °C-140 °C, and compared the results with microwave (MW) and roasted (RT) pretreatment in terms of their physicochemical properties, bioactivity (fatty acid tocopherols and phytosterols), volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of TPSO. RF (140 °C) pretreatment can effectively destroy the cell structure, substantially increasing oil yield by 15.23%. Tocopherols and phytosterols were enhanced in oil to 51.45 mg/kg and 341.35 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, antioxidant activities for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were significantly improved by 33.26 μmol TE/100 g and 65.84 μmol TE/100 g, respectively (p < 0.05). The induction period (IP) value increased by 4.04 times. These results are similar to those of the MW pretreatment. The contents of aromatic compounds were significantly increased, resulting in improved flavors and aromas (roasted, nutty), by RF, MW and RT pretreatments. The three pretreatments significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacities and oxidative stabilities (p < 0.05). The current findings reveal RF to be a potential pretreatment for application in the industrial production of TPSO.
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Yu SY, Zhang Y, Lyu YP, Yao ZJ, Hu YH. Lipidomic profiling of the developing kernel clarifies the lipid metabolism of Paeonia ostii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12605. [PMID: 34131230 PMCID: PMC8206221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid components in the developing kernel of Paeonia ostii were determined, and the fatty acid (FA) distributions in triacylglycerol and phospholipids were characterized. The lipids in the kernel were mainly phospholipids (43%), neutral glycerides (24%), fatty acyls (26%), and sphingolipids (4.5%). The dominant neutral glycerides were TAG and diacylglycerol. The PL components included phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. As the kernel developed, the profiles of the molecular species comprising TAG and PL changed, especially during the earlier phases of oil accumulation. During rapid oil accumulation, the abundances of sphingosine-1-phosphate, pyruvic acid, stearic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid changed significantly; the sphingolipid metabolism and unsaturated FAs biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in these differentially abundant metabolites. Our results improve our understanding of lipid accumulation in tree peony seeds, and provide a framework for the analysis of lipid metabolisms in other oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lyu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zu-Jie Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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14
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Yu SY, Zhang X, Huang LB, Lyu YP, Zhang Y, Yao ZJ, Zhang XX, Yuan JH, Hu YH. Transcriptomic analysis of α-linolenic acid content and biosynthesis in Paeonia ostii fruits and seeds. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:297. [PMID: 33892636 PMCID: PMC8063412 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeonia ostii is a potentially important oilseed crop because its seed yield is high, and the seeds are rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ALA biosynthesis during seed kernel, seed testa, and fruit pericarp development in this plant are unclear. We used transcriptome data to address this knowledge gap. RESULTS Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry indicated that ALA content was highest in the kernel, moderate in the testa, and lowest in the pericarp. Therefore, we used RNA-sequencing to compare ALA synthesis among these three tissues. We identified 227,837 unigenes, with an average length of 755 bp. Of these, 1371 unigenes were associated with lipid metabolism. The fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and metabolism pathways were significantly enriched during the early stages of oil accumulation in the kernel. ALA biosynthesis was significantly enriched in parallel with increasing ALA content in the testa, but these metabolic pathways were not significantly enriched during pericarp development. By comparing unigene transcription profiles with patterns of ALA accumulation, specific unigenes encoding crucial enzymes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in de novo FA biosynthesis and oil accumulation were identified. Specifically, the bell-shaped expression patterns of genes encoding SAD, FAD2, FAD3, PDCT, PDAT, OLE, CLE, and SLE in the kernel were similar to the patterns of ALA accumulation in this tissue. Genes encoding BCCP, BC, KAS I- III, and FATA were also upregulated during the early stages of oil accumulation in the kernel. In the testa, the upregulation of the genes encoding SAD, FAD2, and FAD3 was followed by a sharp increase in the concentrations of ALA. In contrast, these genes were minimally expressed (and ALA content was low) throughout pericarp development. CONCLUSIONS We used three tissues with high, moderate, and low ALA concentrations as an exemplar system in which to investigate tissue-specific ALA accumulation mechanisms in P. ostii. The genes and TFs identified herein might be useful targets for future studies of ALA accumulation in the tree peony. This study also provides a framework for future studies of FA biosynthesis in other oilseed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | | | - Yu-Ping Lyu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zu-Jie Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jun-Hui Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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15
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Miray R, Kazaz S, To A, Baud S. Molecular Control of Oil Metabolism in the Endosperm of Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1621. [PMID: 33562710 PMCID: PMC7915183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperm seeds, the endosperm develops to varying degrees and accumulates different types of storage compounds remobilized by the seedling during early post-germinative growth. Whereas the molecular mechanisms controlling the metabolism of starch and seed-storage proteins in the endosperm of cereal grains are relatively well characterized, the regulation of oil metabolism in the endosperm of developing and germinating oilseeds has received particular attention only more recently, thanks to the emergence and continuous improvement of analytical techniques allowing the evaluation, within a spatial context, of gene activity on one side, and lipid metabolism on the other side. These studies represent a fundamental step toward the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing oil metabolism in this particular tissue. In particular, they highlight the importance of endosperm-specific transcriptional controls for determining original oil compositions usually observed in this tissue. In the light of this research, the biological functions of oils stored in the endosperm of seeds then appear to be more diverse than simply constituting a source of carbon made available for the germinating seedling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (R.M.); (S.K.); (A.T.)
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16
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Li T, Guo Q, Qu Y, Li Y, Wang X, Sun Z, Wang Q. An improved gas chromatography‐based approach for characterisation of fatty acids in fresh basil seed oil. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing100194China
- Citrus Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwestern University Chongqing400712China
| | - Qin Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing100194China
| | - Yang Qu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing100194China
- College of Life Science and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi830046China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing100194China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing100194China
| | - Zhigao Sun
- Citrus Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwestern University Chongqing400712China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing100194China
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17
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Ren X, Shi Y, Xue Y, Xue J, Tian Y, Wang S, Zhang X. Seed Proteomic Profiles of Three Paeonia Varieties and Evaluation of Peony Seed Protein as a Food Product. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5271296. [PMID: 33274214 PMCID: PMC7695507 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5271296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peony (Paeonia) has high ornamental, edible, and medicinal values. In order to distinguish seeds varieties, describe the proteomic profiles correlated with stress tolerance, and evaluate peony seed protein (PSP) as a functional food product, we characterized the seed protein profiles of these three species and their glucosidase inhibition activities. Results showed that the intensity of protein bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and specific protein ID (especially for specifically expressed proteins (SEPs)) was effective to distinguish these peony seed varieties. Proteomic analysis of the three species showed that P. ostii "Fengdan" has heat and pathogen tolerance-related proteins, while P. rockii has higher content of proteins related to cold resistance, which were all highly consistent with their adaptation of heat or cold habitat. Moreover, stress-related proteins were also accumulated in P. lactiflora Pall "Hangshao" seeds, showing its potential for stress resistance. Further protein analysis showed that the primary composition of PSP was albumin and globulin. And the solubility of PSP was good. Furthermore, PSP also showed high glucosidase inhibition activity, indicating that PSP might have some potential function for the remission of hyperglycemia. And P. ostii "Fengdan" seeds may be a better source for protein production than seeds of the other two species in terms of protein solubility and the content of total protein, albumin, and globulin. In addition, an optimal protocol of microwave-assisted alkali extraction was developed to produce PSP. In conclusion, the evaluated stress-related proteins in three peony seed species by proteomic analysis quite agreed with their adaptation of heat or cold stress; proteomics could also be a very useful tool for distinguishing species in the production; and peony seeds may be a good source for protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yantong Shi
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
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18
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Wang S, Xue J, Zhang S, Zheng S, Xue Y, Xu D, Zhang X. Composition of peony petal fatty acids and flavonoids and their effect on Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:1-12. [PMID: 33092723 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The colorful petals of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) are widely used as a source of additives in food, fragrances, and cosmetics. However, the nutritional composition of peony petals is undetermined, thereby limiting utility and product development. In this work, fresh petals of 15 traditional Chinese tree peony cultivars were selected to analyze the composition of soluble sugars, starch, and soluble protein. Extracted fatty acids (FAs) and flavonoids from petals were characterized by GC-MS and UPLC-triple-TOF-MS, respectively. The oxidative stress resistance (generated by paraquat) effects of petal extracts of three cultivars were also investigated in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that the petals were highly enriched in soluble sugars. 11 FAs were found in tree peony petals, and their compositions were similar to that of tree peony seeds. A total of 56 flavonoids were detected in tree peony petals, 28 of which were reported for the first time in tree peony petals, indicating that UPLC-triple-TOF-MS can improve the identification efficiency of flavonoids. Further analysis of tree peony petal metabolites indicated that anthocyanidin and flavonol composition might be used as specific chemotaxonomic biomarkers for cultivar classification. Flavonoids, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in petals might provide antioxidant activity. 150 mg/L of petal extracts of all three tested cultivars increased the lifespan of C. elegans. It was suggested that the petal extracts possessed anti-aging effects and oxidative stress resistance. These results highlight that tree peony petals can serve as natural antioxidant food resources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuangfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Donghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Peony, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Integrated Profiling of Fatty Acids, Sterols and Phenolic Compounds in Tree and Herbaceous Peony Seed Oils: Marker Screening for New Resources of Vegetable Oil. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060770. [PMID: 32545196 PMCID: PMC7353516 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree peonies (Paeonia ostii and Paeonia rockii) are popular ornamental plants. Moreover, these plants have become oil crops in recent years. However, there are limited compositional studies focused on fatty acids. Therefore, this work aims to reveal compositional characteristics, regarding fatty acids, sterols, γ-tocopherol and phenolic compounds, of tree peony seed oils from all major cultivation areas in China, and to compare with herbaceous peony seed oil. For that, an integrative analysis was performed by GC-FID, GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS technologies. The main fatty acid was α-linolenic acid (39.0–48.3%), while β-sitosterol (1802.5–2793.7 mg/kg) and fucosterol (682.2–1225.1 mg/kg) were the dominant phytosterols. Importantly, 34 phenolic compounds, including paeonol and “Paeonia glycosides” (36.62–103.17 μg/g), were characterized in vegetable oils for the first time. Conclusively, this work gives new insights into the phytochemical composition of peony seed oil and reveals the presence of bioactive compounds, including “Paeonia glycosides”.
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20
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Wang M, Gao L, Li G, Zhou C, Jian J, Xing Z, Wang Y, Zhang W, Song Z, Hu Y, Yang J. Interspecific Variation in the Unsaturation Level of Seed Oils Were Associated With the Expression Pattern Shifts of Duplicated Desaturase Genes and the Potential Role of Other Regulatory Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:616338. [PMID: 33519875 PMCID: PMC7838364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.616338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed oils are of great economic importance both for human consumption and industrial applications. The nutritional quality and industrial value of seed oils are mostly determined by their fatty acid profiles, especially the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Tree peony seed oils have recently been recognized as novel edible oils enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, congeneric species, such as Paeonia ostii and P. ludlowii, showed marked variation in the relative proportions of different unsaturated fatty acids. By comparing the dynamics of fatty acid accumulation and the time-course gene expression patterns between P. ostii and P. ludlowii, we identified genes that were differentially expressed between two species in developing seeds, and showed congruent patterns of variation between expression levels and phenotypes. In addition to the well-known desaturase and acyltransferase genes associated with fatty acid desaturation, among them were some genes that were conservatively co-expressed with the desaturation pathway genes across phylogenetically distant ALA-rich species, including Camelina sativa and Perilla frutescens. Go enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, protein post-translational modification and hormone biosynthesis and response, suggesting that the fatty acid synthesis and desaturation pathway might be subject to multiple levels of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lexuan Gao
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengyun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchuan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjing Jian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Hu,
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Hu,
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21
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Fatty Acid Composition, Phytochemistry, Antioxidant Activity on Seed Coat and Kernel of Paeonia ostii from Main Geographic Production Areas. Foods 2019; 9:foods9010030. [PMID: 31905710 PMCID: PMC7022864 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia ostii is an important woody oil plant cultivated in China on a large scale. Its seed oil is enriched with unsaturated fatty acids and a high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which are beneficial to human health. The aim of this research is to determine the qualitative traits characteristic of P. ostii seed from various production areas in China. In this study, seed quality traits were evaluated on the basis of proximate composition, content of fatty acids, tocopherol, secondary metabolites, and the antioxidant activity of seed coat (PSC) and kernel (PSK). A high content of total fatty acids (298.89–399.34 mg g−1), crude protein (16.91%–22.73%), and total tocopherols (167.83–276.70 μg g−1) were obtained from PSK. Significant differences were found in the content of palmitic acids (11.31–14.27 mg g−1), stearic acids (2.42–4.24 mg g−1), oleic acids (111.25–157.63 mg g−1), linoleic acids (54.39–83.59 mg g−1), and ALA (99.85–144.71 mg g−1) in the 11 main production areas. Eight and seventeen compounds were detected in PSC and PSK, respectively. A significantly higher content of total phenols was observed in PSC (139.49 mg g−1) compared with PSK (3.04 mg g−1), which was positively related to antioxidant activity. This study indicates that seeds of P. ostii would be a good source of valuable oil and provides a basis for seed quality evaluation for the production of edible oil and potential ALA supplements from the promising woody oil plant.
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Tian X, Guo S, Zhang S, Li P, Wang T, Ho CT, Pan MH, Bai N. Chemical characterization of main bioactive constituents in Paeonia ostii seed meal and GC-MS analysis of seed oil. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13088. [PMID: 31646682 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The seeds of tree peony (Paeonia ostii) are promulgated as emerging edible oil crops. However, biological properties of principal constituents of peony seeds were not well studied. Fifteen main constituents including suffruticosols A and B, trans-ε-viniferin, ampelopsin E, resveratrol, trans-resveratrol-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, paeoniflorin, luteolin, luteolin-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, apigenin, kaempferol, oleanic acid, betulinic acid, hederagenin, and caffeic acid were isolated and identified. Their cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (COLO205, HT-29, HepG2, AGS, and HL-60) were evaluated. Among them, trans-ε-viniferin showed the most potent cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells (IC50 5.6 μM); ampelopsin E exhibited the most obvious antiproliferative properties on COLO205 (IC50 78.1 μM) and HT-29 (IC50 4.2 μM) cells, and betulinic acid showed the strongest growth inhibitory effects on HepG2 (IC50 6.6 μM) and AGS (IC50 5.4 μM) cells. Three enzymes (tyronsinase, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase) inhibitory activities of 12 compounds were also screened. Stilbene compounds, especially suffruticosols A and B, showed a significant inhibitory activity on all three enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The cytotoxicity of 15 main constituents from peony seeds against COLO205, HT-29, HepG2, AGS, and HL-60 cells were evaluated. Among them, trans-ε-viniferin showed the most potent cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells (IC50 5.6 μM); ampelopsin E exhibited the most obvious antiproliferative properties on COLO205 (IC50 78.1 μM) and HT-29 (IC50 4.2 μM) cells, and betulinic acid showed the strongest growth inhibitory effects on HepG2 (IC50 6.6 μM) and AGS (IC50 5.4 μM) cells. Collectively, these results suggested that Paeonia ostii seed (POS) extracts are potential candidates for anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peisheng Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tianyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Naisheng Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Comparison of Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Anti-Photoaging Activities of Paeonia suffruticosa Flowers at Different Flowering Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090345. [PMID: 31480512 PMCID: PMC6770142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeonia suffruticosa is an ornamental, edible, and medicinal plant. The ethanolic extracts of P. suffruticosa bud and flower were examined for their antioxidant, anti-photoaging, and phytochemical properties prior to chemometric analysis. The results showed that the bud ethanolic extract (BEE) and the flower (the early flowering stage) ethanolic extract (FEE) had better antioxidant activities, and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the skin tissues. In total, 68 compounds, including 20 flavonoids, 15 phenolic derivatives, 12 terpenoids, 9 fatty acids, and 12 others were identified or tentatively identified by ultra-fast liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS). Gallic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloyl glucose, paeoniflorin, and oxypaeoniflorin were predominant compounds in the extracts. Taken together, P. suffruticosa flowers are a candidate for functional material in food and health related industries, and their optimal time to harvest is before the early flowering stage.
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Peng LP, Cheng FY, Hu XG, Mao JF, Xu XX, Zhong Y, Li SY, Xian HL. Modelling environmentally suitable areas for the potential introduction and cultivation of the emerging oil crop Paeonia ostii in China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3213. [PMID: 30824717 PMCID: PMC6397192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia ostii is a traditional ornamental and medicinal species that has attracted considerable interest for its high oil value. To facilitate the effective and rational cultivation and application of P. ostii in China, it is necessary to determine its potential spatial habitat distribution and environmental requirements. Using high-resolution environmental data for current and future climate scenarios, the potential suitable area and climatic requirements of P. ostii were modelled. Among the 11 environmental variables investigated, growing degree days, precipitation of the wettest month, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, global UV-B radiation, annual precipitation, and soil pH played major roles in determining the suitability of a habitat for the cultivation of P. ostii. Under the current environmental conditions in China, a total area of 20.31 × 105 km2 is suitable for growing P. ostii, accounting for 21.16% of the country's total land area. Under the two future climate scenario/year combinations (i.e., representative concentration pathways [RCPs], RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 in 2050), this species would increase its suitable area at high latitudes while decrease at low latitudes. These results present valuable information and a theoretical reference point for identifying the suitable cultivation areas of P. ostii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fang-Yun Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xian-Ge Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xing-Xing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - San-Yuan Li
- Forestry Department of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710082, China
| | - Hong-Li Xian
- Forestry Department of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710082, China
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Guo L, Yin Z, Wen L, Xin J, Gao X, Zheng X. Flower extracts from Paeonia decomposita and Paeonia ostii inhibit melanin synthesis via cAMP-CREB-associated melanogenesis signaling pathways in murine B16 melanoma cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12777. [PMID: 31353606 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This investigation seeks to identify the effects of the EtOAc fractions of different flower parts of Paeonia decomposita (Pd) and Paeonia ostii (Po) on melanogenesis and their mechanisms of action in B16 melanoma cells. Cell viability assay showed that Pd-1, Po-1 (the petals of Pd or Po), Pd-3 and Po-3 (the stamens of Pd or Po) at 25 μg/ml produced lower toxic activities in B16 cells. Pd-1 and Po-1 extracts considerably reduced the melanin content and inhibited tyrosinase and DOPA oxidase activity. Moreover, Pd-1 and Po-1 down-regulated the expressions of MC1R, MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase. These extracts also reduce cAMP levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of CREB, which might be due to the presence of high concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Our results suggested that Pd-1 and Po-1 are able to modulate the cAMP-CREB signaling pathway and down-regulate the melanogenesis-related proteins resulting in the observed anti-melanogenic effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In China, the flower of Paeonia is often consumed as a dietary supplement and as an additive in skin whitening products. In November 2013, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China has approved the flower of Paeonia ostii as a novel food resource. The current study firstly demonstrated that the effects of EtOAc fractions of the petals of Paeonia decomposita (Pd) and Paeonia ostii (Po) considerably reduced the melanin content in B16 cells, which is due to the modulation of the cAMP-CREB signaling pathway followed by the down-regulation of melanogenesis-related proteins. Pd and Po extracts, as natural tyrosinase inhibitors, may serve as good candidates in food additives, cosmetic materials, or even in treating hyperpigmentation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Guo
- Chongqing Key Lab of Natural Medicine Research, Research Centre of Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyi Yin
- Chongqing Key Lab of Natural Medicine Research, Research Centre of Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Chongqing Key Lab of Natural Medicine Research, Research Centre of Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Xin
- College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Chongqing Key Lab of Natural Medicine Research, Research Centre of Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuxu Zheng
- Chongqing Key Lab of Natural Medicine Research, Research Centre of Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
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Xiu Y, Wu G, Tang W, Peng Z, Bu X, Chao L, Yin X, Xiong J, Zhang H, Zhao X, Ding J, Ma L, Wang H, van Staden J. Oil biosynthesis and transcriptome profiles in developing endosperm and oil characteristic analyses in Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:121-133. [PMID: 29902680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii, a well-known medicinal and horticultural plant, is indigenous to China. Recent studies have shown that its seed has a high oil content, and it was approved as a novel resource of edible oil with a high level of α-linolenic acid by the Chinese Government. This study measured the seed oil contents and fatty acid components of P. ostii var. lishizhenii and six other peonies, P. suffruticosa, P. ludlowii, P. decomposita, P. rockii, and P. lactiflora Pall. 'Heze' and 'Gansu'. The results show that P. ostii var. lishizhenii exhibits the average oil characteristics of tested peonies, with an oil content of 21.3%, α-linolenic acid 43.8%, and unsaturated fatty acids around 92.1%. Hygiene indicators for the seven peony seed oils met the Chinese national food standards. P. ostii var. lishizhenii seeds were used to analyze transcriptome gene regulation networks on endosperm development and oil biosynthesis. In total, 124,117 transcripts were obtained from six endosperm developing stages (S0-S5). The significant changes in differential expression genes (DEGs) clarify three peony endosperm developmental phases: the endosperm cell mitotic phase (S0-S1), the TAG biosynthesis phase (S1-S4), and the mature phase (S5). The DEGs in plant hormone signal transduction, DNA replication, cell division, differentiation, transcription factors, and seed dormancy pathways regulate the endosperm development process. Another 199 functional DEGs participate in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, citrate cycle, FA biosynthesis, TAG assembly, and other pathways. A key transcription factor (WRI1) and some important target genes (ACCase, FATA, LPCAT, FADs, and DGAT etc.) were found in the comprehensive genetic networks of oil biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guodong Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wensi Tang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | | | - Xiangpan Bu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Longjun Chao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Peonature Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101301, China.
| | - Xue Yin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiannan Xiong
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haiwu Zhang
- Forestry Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | | | - Jing Ding
- Jiangsu Guosetianxiang Oil Peony Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213000, China.
| | - Lvyi Ma
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huafang Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Johannes van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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Yin DD, Xu WZ, Shu QY, Li SS, Wu Q, Feng CY, Gu ZY, Wang LS. Fatty acid desaturase 3 (PsFAD3) from Paeonia suffruticosa reveals high α-linolenic acid accumulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:212-222. [PMID: 30080606 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
α-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency and a skewed ω6: ω3 fatty acid ratio in the diet are thought to be a major cause for the high incidence of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Recent years, tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) with the high proportion of ALA (more than 45% in seed oil) is widely concerned. However, the underlying accumulation mechanism of the ALA in tree peony seeds remains unknown. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed between two cultivars ('Saiguifei' and 'Jingshenhuanfa') with different ALA contents. The analysis of the metabolic enzymes associated with ALA biosynthesis and temporal accumulation patterns of unsaturated fatty acids demonstrated the importance of microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturase 3 (FAD3). Moreover, PsFAD3 gene was identified from tree peony seeds, which was located in endoplasmic reticulum and the expression levels of PsFAD3 were consistent with ALA accumulation patterns in seeds. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the isolated PsFAD3 protein could catalyze ALA synthesis. These results indicated that PsFAD3 was involved in the synthesis of ALA in seeds and could be exploited by the genetic breeding of new cultivars with high ALA content in tree peony as well as other potential crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qing-Yan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zhang XX, Zhang G, Jin M, Niu LX, Zhang YL. Variation in Phenolic Content, Profile, and Antioxidant Activity of Seeds among Different Paeonia ostii Cultivated Populations in China. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800093. [PMID: 29603905 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenolic profiles of seeds from fifteen Paeonia ostii cultivated populations in China and identify their relationship with antioxidant activities and associated environmental factors. Thirteen individual phenolic compounds were quantitatively determined by HPLC, and (+)-catechin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the seeds. Correlation analysis showed that phenolics were the most effective antioxidant compound class by evaluating DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power. Latitude and annual rainfall had significant effects on the contents of many phenolic compounds, and elevation was only significantly correlated with gallic acid content. Within fifteen P. ostii cultivated populations, the seeds of Tongling population exhibited the highest phenolic contents and strongest antioxidant activities. These results suggest that Tongling population has a relatively high utilization value and a potential for sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Min Jin
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activities of the Flowers and Leaves from Paeonia rockii and Identification of Their Antioxidant Constituents by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS n via Pre-Column DPPH Reaction. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020392. [PMID: 29439520 PMCID: PMC6017382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Paeonia, also known as the “King of Flowers” in China, is an important source of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Plants of this genus have been used to treat a range of cardiovascular and gynecological diseases. However, the potential pharmacological activity of one particular species, Paeonia rockii, has not been fully investigated. In the first part of the present study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), reducing power assays, and metal ion chelating assays were used to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activities of Paeonia rockii. In the second portion of the study, a mouse model of d-galactose-induced aging was used to validate the antioxidant effects of the flowers from Paeonia rockii in vivo. Lastly, potential antioxidant constituents were screened and identified by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HRMSn) combined with the DPPH assay. Results indicated that the flowers and leaves exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid in vitro. The therapeutic effect of Paeoniarockii was determined in relation to the levels of biochemical indicators, such as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α) in the serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in the liver and brain, after daily intra-gastric administration of different concentrations of extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for three weeks. The levels of 8-iso PGF2α (p < 0.01) and protein carbonyl groups (p < 0.01) were significantly reduced, whereas those of SOD (p < 0.05) had significantly increased, indicating that components of the flowers of Paeonia rockii had favorable antioxidant activities in vivo. Furthermore, UHPLC-ESI-HRMSn, combined with pre-column DPPH reaction, detected 25 potential antioxidant compounds. Of these, 18 compounds were tentatively identified, including 11 flavonoids, four phenolic acids, two tannins, and one monoterpene glycoside. This study concluded that the leaves and flowers from Paeonia rockii possess excellent antioxidant properties, highlighting their candidacy as “new” antioxidants, which can be utilized therapeutically to protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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Zhang QY, Yu R, Xie LH, Rahman MM, Kilaru A, Niu LX, Zhang YL. Fatty Acid and Associated Gene Expression Analyses of Three Tree Peony Species Reveal Key Genes for α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis in Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29459881 PMCID: PMC5807371 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for healthy edible oil has generated the need to identify promising oil crops. Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is a woody oil crop with α-linolenic acid (ALA) contributing for 45% of the total fatty acid (FA) content in seeds. Molecular and genetic differences that contribute to varied FA content and composition among the wild peony species are, however, poorly understood. Analyses of FA content and composition during seed development in three tree peony species (Paeonia rockii, P. potaninii, and P. lutea) showed varied FA content among them with highest in P. rockii, followed by P. potaninii, and P. lutea. Total FA content among these species increased with seed development and reached its maximum in its final stage. Seed FA composition analysis of the three species also revealed that ALA (C18:3) was the most abundant, followed by oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Additionally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses of 10 key seed oil synthesis genes in the three tree peony species revealed that FAD3, FAD2, β-PDHC, LPAAT, and Oleosin gene expression levels positively correlate with total FA content and rate of accumulation. Specifically, the abundance of FAD3 transcripts in P. rockii compared with P. potaninii, and P. lutea suggests that FAD3 might play an important role in synthesis of ALA via phosphatidylcholine-derived pathway. Overall, comparative analyses of FA content and composition in three different peony species revealed a correlation between efficient lipid accumulation and lipid gene expression during seed development. Further characterization and metabolic engineering of these key genes from peonies will allow for subsequent improvement of tree peony oil quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Li-Hang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
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Genetic analyses reveal independent domestication origins of the emerging oil crop Paeonia ostii, a tree peony with a long-term cultivation history. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5340. [PMID: 28706300 PMCID: PMC5509724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia ostii, a member of tree peony, is an emerging oil crop with important medical and oil uses and widely cultivated in China. Dissolving the genetic diversity and domestication history of this species is important for further genetic improvements and deployments. We firstly selected 29 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) via transcriptome mining, segregation analyses and polymorphism characterizations; then, 901 individuals from the range-wide samples were genotyped using well-characterized SSR markers. We observed moderate genetic diversity among individuals, and Shaanxi Province was identified as the center of genetic diversity for our cultivated plants. Five well-separated gene pools were detected by STRUCTURE analyses, and the results suggested that multiple independent domestication origins occurred in Shaanxi Province and Tongling City (Anhui Province). Taken together, the genetic evidence and the historical records suggest multiple long-distance introductions after the plant was domesticated in Shandong, Henan and Hunan provinces. The present study provides the first genetic evaluation of the domestication history of P. ostii, and our results provide an important reference for further genetic improvements and deployments of this important crop.
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