1
|
Effects of Renal Denervation on the Enhanced Renal Vascular Responsiveness to Angiotensin II in High-Output Heart Failure: Angiotensin II Receptor Binding Assessment and Functional Studies in Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121803. [PMID: 34944619 PMCID: PMC8698780 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed mechanism(s) of the beneficial effects of renal denervation (RDN) on the course of heart failure (HF) remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate renal vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II (ANG II) and to characterize ANG II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors in the kidney of Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model of ANG II-dependent hypertension. HF was induced by volume overload using aorto-caval fistula (ACF). The studies were performed two weeks after RDN (three weeks after the creation of ACF), i.e., when non-denervated ACF TGR enter the decompensation phase of HF whereas those after RDN are still in the compensation phase. We found that ACF TGR showed lower renal blood flow (RBF) and its exaggerated response to intrarenal ANG II (8 ng); RDN further augmented this responsiveness. We found that all ANG II receptors in the kidney cortex were of the AT1 subtype. ANG II receptor binding characteristics in the renal cortex did not significantly differ between experimental groups, hence AT1 alterations are not responsible for renal vascular hyperresponsiveness to ANG II in ACF TGR, denervated or not. In conclusion, maintained renal AT1 receptor binding combined with elevated ANG II levels and renal vascular hyperresponsiveness to ANG II in ACF TGR influence renal hemodynamics and tubular reabsorption and lead to renal dysfunction in the high-output HF model. Since RDN did not attenuate the RBF decrease and enhanced renal vascular responsiveness to ANG II, the beneficial actions of RDN on HF-related mortality are probably not dominantly mediated by renal mechanism(s).
Collapse
|
2
|
Kratky V, Vanourkova Z, Sykora M, Bacova BS, Hruskova Z, Kikerlova S, Huskova Z, Kopkan L. AT 1 receptor blocker, but not an ACE inhibitor, prevents kidneys from hypoperfusion during congestive heart failure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4271. [PMID: 33608612 PMCID: PMC7896062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure-induced renal dysfunction, we compared the effects of ACE inhibitor (ACEi) and AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) on systemic and kidney hemodynamics during heart failure in normotensive HanSD and hypertensive transgenic (TGR) rats. High-output heart failure was induced by creating an aorto-caval fistula (ACF). After five weeks, rats were either left untreated or treatment with ACEi or ARB was started for 15 weeks. Subsequently, echocardiographic, renal hemodynamic and biochemical measurements were assessed. Untreated ACF rats with ACF displayed significantly reduced renal blood flow (RBF) (HanSD: 8.9 ± 1.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.6; TGR: 10.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.9 ± 1.2 ml/min, both P < .001), ACEi had no major RBF effect, whereas ARB completely restored RBF (HanSD: 5.6 ± 1.1 vs. 9.0 ± 1.5; TGR: 7.0 ± 1.2 vs. 10.9 ± 1.9 ml/min, both P < .001). RBF reduction in untreated and ACEi-treated rats was accompanied by renal hypoxia as measured by renal lactate dehydrogenase activity, which was ameliorated with ARB treatment (HanSD: 40 ± 4 vs. 42 ± 3 vs. 29 ± 5; TGR: 88 ± 4 vs. 76 ± 4 vs. 58 ± 4 milliunits/mL, all P < .01). Unlike improvement seen in ARB-treated rats, ACE inhibition didn’t affect urinary nitrates compared to untreated ACF TGR rats (50 ± 14 vs. 22 ± 13 vs. 30 ± 13 μmol/mmol Cr, both P < .05). ARB was more effective than ACEi in reducing elevated renal oxidative stress following ACF placement. A marker of ACEi efficacy, the angiotensin I/angiotensin II ratio, was more than ten times lower in renal tissue than in plasma. Our study shows that ARB treatment, in contrast to ACEi administration, prevents renal hypoperfusion and hypoxia in ACF rats with concomitant improvement in NO bioavailability and oxidative stress reduction. The inability of ACE inhibition to improve renal hypoperfusion in ACF rats may result from incomplete intrarenal RAS suppression in the face of depleted compensatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kratky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Sykora
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Hruskova
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Kikerlova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Liu X, Wu J, Yu Y, Wang Y, Gu Y. Impact of Bilateral Sympathetic Stellate Ganglionectomy on TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Rats With Chronic Volume Overload. Front Physiol 2020; 11:375. [PMID: 32477156 PMCID: PMC7240126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously reported that bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy attenuated cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in rats with chronic volume overload. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines and actively involved in many pathological processes of cardiovascular diseases. The present study explored the impact of bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy on the TGF-β1 pathway in this model. Methods and Results: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham (S) group, abdominal aorta-cava fistula (AV) group, and bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy after abdominal aorta-cava fistula (AD) group. Twelve weeks after the abdominal aorta-cava fistula surgery, the myocardial expressions of norepinephrine (NE) and hydroxyproline were significantly higher, while acetylcholine was downregulated in the AV group compared to the S group; the above changes were partly reversed in the AD group. The myocardial expression of TGF-β1 and activity of Smad2/3 phosphorylation were also upregulated in the AV group compared to the S group, which could be reversed by bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy. In vitro, the TGF-β1 expression in cultured myocardial fibroblasts and the proliferation of myocardial fibroblasts were significantly increased post-stimulation with NE in a dose-dependent manner, and these effects could be blunted by co-treatment with a TGF-β1 inhibitor. Conclusion: Our study results indicate that stellate ganglionectomy decreases cardiac norepinephrine release, which leads to decreased TGF-β1 release and reduced fibrosis in rats with chronic volume overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Gubara SM, Chepurko E, Bridges CR, Hajjar RJ. Surgical and physiological challenges in the development of left and right heart failure in rat models. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 24:759-777. [PMID: 30903356 PMCID: PMC6698228 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rodent surgical animal models of heart failure (HF) are critically important for understanding the proof of principle of the cellular alterations underlying the development of the disease as well as evaluating therapeutics. Robust, reproducible rodent models are a prerequisite to the development of pharmacological and molecular strategies for the treatment of HF in patients. Due to the absence of standardized guidelines regarding surgical technique and clear criteria for HF progression in rats, objectivity is compromised. Scientific publications in rats rarely fully disclose the actual surgical details, and technical and physiological challenges. This lack of reporting is one of the main reasons that the outcomes specified in similar studies are highly variable and associated with unnecessary loss of animals, compromising scientific assessment. This review details rat circulatory and coronary arteries anatomy, the surgical details of rat models that recreate the HF phenotype of myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, left and right ventricular pressure, and volume overload states, and summarizes the technical and physiological challenges of creating HF. The purpose of this article is to help investigators understand the underlying issues of current HF models in order to reduce variable results and ensure successful, reproducible models of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Sarah M Gubara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Acute Beneficial Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside in a Rabbit Model of Massive Pulmonary Embolism Associated with Circulatory Shock. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1768-1778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
6
|
Liu X, Gu Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Hu L. Ticagrelor attenuates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury possibly through downregulating galectin-3 expression in the infarct area of rats. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:1180-1186. [PMID: 29381821 PMCID: PMC5980592 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The full benefits of myocardial revascularization strategies applied to acute myocardial infarction patients might be reduced by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is known that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of I/R injury and galectin-3, a known inflammatory factor, is actively involved in ischaemia-induced inflammation and fibrosis of various organs. Previous studies demonstrated that anti-platelets therapy with ticagrelor, a new P2Y12 receptor antagonist, could effectively attenuate myocardial I/R injury and I/R injury-related inflammatory responses. It remains unknown whether the cardioprotective effects of ticagrelor are also mediated by modulating myocardial galectin-3 expression. METHODS We determined the ratio of infarct area (IA)/area at risk (AAR), expression of galectin-3, TNF-α and IL-6 in infarct area of rats treated with placebo (equal volume saline per gastric gavage immediately after LAD ligation, then once daily till study end) or ticagrelor (150 mg kg-1 dissolved in saline per gastric gavage immediately after LAD ligation, then once daily till study end) at 24 h, 3 and 7 days post I (45 min)/R injury. Sham-operated rats served as control. RESULTS Our results showed that ticagrelor treatment significantly reduced IA/AAR ratio at 3 and 7 days post I/R, downregulated mRNA and protein expression of galectin-3, as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in infarct area at 24 h, 3 and 7 days post I/R. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of ticagrelor might partly be mediated by downregulating galectin-3 expression in infarct area in this rat model of myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|