1
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Bruschini C, Edwards ED, Talavera G, Vaurasi VD, Latu GF, Dapporto L. A complete
COI
library of Samoan butterflies reveals layers of endemic diversity on oceanic islands. ZOOL SCR 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bruschini
- ZEN Lab, Dipartimento di Biologia Università degli Studi di Firenze Sesto Fiorentino Italia
| | - Eric D. Edwards
- Department of Conservation Conservation House Wellington New Zealand
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB) CSIC‐Ajuntament de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Varea D. Vaurasi
- Faculty of Science, National University of Samoa To'omatagi Samoa
| | | | - Leonardo Dapporto
- ZEN Lab, Dipartimento di Biologia Università degli Studi di Firenze Sesto Fiorentino Italia
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2
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Gallozzi F, Corti C, Castiglia R, Avramo V, Senczuk G, Mattioni C, Colangelo P. The Intriguing Biogeographic Pattern of the Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus (Squamata: Lacertidae) in the Tuscan Archipelago Reveals the Existence of a New Ancient Insular Clade. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030386. [PMID: 36766275 PMCID: PMC9913114 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tuscan Archipelago is one of the most ancient and ecologically heterogeneous island systems in the Mediterranean. The biodiversity of these islands was strongly shaped by the Pliocene and Pleistocene sea regressions and transgression, resulting in different waves of colonization and isolation of species coming from the mainland. The Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus, is present on the following islands of the Tuscan Archipelago: Elba, Giglio, Giannutri, Capraia, Montecristo and Cerboli. The species in the area displays a relatively high morphological variability that in the past led to the description of several subspecies. In this study, both the genetic and morphological diversity of P. siculus of the Tuscan Archipelago were investigated. Specifically, the meristic characters and the dorsal pattern were analyzed, while the genetic relationships among these populations were explored with mtDNA and microsatellite nuclear markers to reconstruct the colonization history of the Archipelago. Our results converge in the identification of at least two different waves of colonization in the Archipelago: Elba, and the populations of Cerboli and Montecristo probably originate from historical introductions from mainland Tuscany, while those of Giglio and Capraia are surviving populations of an ancient lineage which colonized the Tuscan Archipelago during the Pliocene and which shares a common ancestry with the P. siculus populations of south-eastern Italy. Giannutri perhaps represents an interesting case of hybridization between the populations from mainland Tuscany and the Giglio-Capraia clade. Based on the high phenotypic and molecular distinctiveness of this ancient clade, these populations should be treated as distinct units deserving conservation and management efforts as well as further investigation to assess their taxonomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gallozzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Borelli 50, 00188 Rome, Italy
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Corti
- Museum of Natural History ‘La Specola’, Via Romana 17, 50125 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Riccardo Castiglia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Borelli 50, 00188 Rome, Italy
| | - Vasco Avramo
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Cà Fornacetta, 9, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudia Mattioni
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Rome, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colangelo
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Rome, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Hemstrom WB, Freedman MG, Zalucki MP, Ramírez SR, Miller MR. Population genetics of a recent range expansion and subsequent loss of migration in monarch butterflies. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4544-4557. [PMID: 35779004 PMCID: PMC9546011 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Range expansions—whether permanent or transient—strongly influence the distribution of genetic variation in space. Monarch butterflies are best known for long‐distance seasonal migration within North America but are also established as nonmigratory populations around the world, including on Pacific Islands. Previous research has highlighted stepwise expansion across the Pacific, though questions remain about expansion timing and the population genetic consequences of migration loss. Here, we present reduced‐representation sequencing data for 275 monarchs from North America (n = 85), 12 Pacific Islands (n = 136) and three locations in Australia (n = 54), with the goal of understanding (i) how the monarch's Pacific expansion has shaped patterns of population genetic variation and (ii) how loss of migration has influenced spatial patterns of differentiation. We find support for previously described stepwise dispersal across the Pacific and document an additional expansion from Hawaii into the Mariana Islands. Nonmigratory monarchs within the Mariana Islands show strong patterns of differentiation, despite their proximity; by contrast, migratory North American samples form a single genetically panmictic population across the continent. Estimates of Pacific establishment timing are highly uncertain (~100–1,000,000 years ago) but overlap with historical records that indicate a recent expansion. Our data support (i) a recent expansion across the Pacific whose timing overlaps with available historical records of establishment and (ii) a strong role for seasonal migration in determining patterns of spatial genetic variation. Our results are noteworthy because they demonstrate how the evolution of partial migration can drive population differentiation over contemporary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Micah G Freedman
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis.,Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Santiago R Ramírez
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis.,Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis
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4
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Luo MX, Lu HP, Huang BH, Huang CL, Hsu YF, Liao PC. Local adaptation and migratory habits balance spatial-genetic structure between continental and insular chestnut tiger butterflies in East Asia. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1864-1878. [PMID: 35067991 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Geographic and climatic differences between islands and continents may affect the evolution of their biota, and promote divergent selection in species distributed in both landscapes. To assess spatial-genetic structure, we genotyped 18 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) loci and sequenced two mtDNA markers (ND5 and COI) and one nuclear marker (EF1α) in two subspecies of the butterfly Parantica sita. Compared with nuclear markers, mtDNA had a stronger signal of population structure. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) suggested that a continuous-gene-flow model best described the data. According to this model, the two subspecies diverged approximately 23.1 kya, with ten times more introgression from the continental (ssp. sita) to the insular subspecies (ssp. niphonica) than vice versa. Ecological niche modeling was performed to predict the paleo- and current potential distributions and elucidate the geohistorical process, which revealed a northeastern, insular origin. Winter precipitation and annual temperature range were the main determinants of the subspecies distributions. Maximum-likelihood population-effects models showed that the population differentiation of the insular and continental subspecies was primarily affected by environmental resistance and local climate. Sex-biased migration capacity and long-term precipitation-driven divergence between the continental and insular lineages shaped the current genetic structure of P. sita. Evidence from the nuclear markers confirmed inter-subspecific gene flow despite adaptive divergence between the subspecies. These results imply that the continental subspecies is still capable of returning to the island and introgressing with the insular subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xin Luo
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Lu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hong Huang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Huang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
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5
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D'Ercole J, Dincă V, Opler PA, Kondla N, Schmidt C, Phillips JD, Robbins R, Burns JM, Miller SE, Grishin N, Zakharov EV, DeWaard JR, Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. A DNA barcode library for the butterflies of North America. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11157. [PMID: 33976967 PMCID: PMC8061581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the butterflies of North America have received considerable taxonomic attention, overlooked species and instances of hybridization continue to be revealed. The present study assembles a DNA barcode reference library for this fauna to identify groups whose patterns of sequence variation suggest the need for further taxonomic study. Based on 14,626 records from 814 species, DNA barcodes were obtained for 96% of the fauna. The maximum intraspecific distance averaged 1/4 the minimum distance to the nearest neighbor, producing a barcode gap in 76% of the species. Most species (80%) were monophyletic, the others were para- or polyphyletic. Although 15% of currently recognized species shared barcodes, the incidence of such taxa was far higher in regions exposed to Pleistocene glaciations than in those that were ice-free. Nearly 10% of species displayed high intraspecific variation (>2.5%), suggesting the need for further investigation to assess potential cryptic diversity. Aside from aiding the identification of all life stages of North American butterflies, the reference library has provided new perspectives on the incidence of both cryptic and potentially over-split species, setting the stage for future studies that can further explore the evolutionary dynamics of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo D'Ercole
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paul A Opler
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | | | - Christian Schmidt
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarrett D Phillips
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Robbins
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - John M Burns
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Scott E Miller
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Nick Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Evgeny V Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy R DeWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul D N Hebert
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Sucháčková Bartoňová A, Konvička M, Marešová J, Wiemers M, Ignatev N, Wahlberg N, Schmitt T, Faltýnek Fric Z. Wolbachia affects mitochondrial population structure in two systems of closely related Palaearctic blue butterflies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3019. [PMID: 33542272 PMCID: PMC7862691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Wolbachia infects many insect species and spreads by diverse vertical and horizontal means. As co-inherited organisms, these bacteria often cause problems in mitochondrial phylogeny inference. The phylogenetic relationships of many closely related Palaearctic blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae) are ambiguous. We considered the patterns of Wolbachia infection and mitochondrial diversity in two systems: Aricia agestis/Aricia artaxerxes and the Pseudophilotes baton species complex. We sampled butterflies across their distribution ranges and sequenced one butterfly mitochondrial gene and two Wolbachia genes. Both butterfly systems had uninfected and infected populations, and harboured several Wolbachia strains. Wolbachia was highly prevalent in A. artaxerxes and the host's mitochondrial structure was shallow, in contrast to A. agestis. Similar bacterial alleles infected both Aricia species from nearby sites, pointing to a possible horizontal transfer. Mitochondrial history of the P. baton species complex mirrored its Wolbachia infection and not the taxonomical division. Pseudophilotes baton and P. vicrama formed a hybrid zone in Europe. Wolbachia could obscure mitochondrial history, but knowledge on the infection helps us to understand the observed patterns. Testing for Wolbachia should be routine in mitochondrial DNA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Sucháčková Bartoňová
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Konvička
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Marešová
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Wiemers
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Ignatev
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Institute of Biology, Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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7
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Schär S, Menchetti M, Schifani E, Hinojosa JC, Platania L, Dapporto L, Vila R. Integrative biodiversity inventory of ants from a Sicilian archipelago reveals high diversity on young volcanic islands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Scalercio S, Cini A, Menchetti M, Vodă R, Bonelli S, Bordoni A, Casacci LP, Dincă V, Balletto E, Vila R, Dapporto L. How long is 3 km for a butterfly? Ecological constraints and functional traits explain high mitochondrial genetic diversity between Sicily and the Italian Peninsula. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2013-2026. [PMID: 32207150 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Populations inhabiting Mediterranean islands often show contrasting genetic lineages, even on islands that were connected to the mainland during glacial maxima. This pattern is generated by forces acting in historical and contemporary times. Understanding these phenomena requires comparative studies integrating genetic structure, functional traits and dispersal constraints. Using as a model the butterfly species living across the Messina strait (3 km wide) separating Sicily from the Italian Peninsula, we aimed to unravel the mechanisms limiting the dispersal of matrilines and generating genetic differentiation across a narrow sea strait. We analysed the mitochondrial COI gene of 84 butterfly species out of 90 documented in Sicily and compared them with populations from the neighbouring southern Italian Peninsula (1,398 sequences) and from the entire Palaearctic region (8,093 sequences). For each species, we regressed 13 functional traits and 2 ecological constraints to dispersal (winds experienced at the strait and climatic suitability) against genetic differentiation between Sicily and Italian Peninsula to understand the factors limiting dispersal. More than a third of the species showed different haplogroups across the strait and most of them also represented endemic haplogroups for this island. One fifth of Sicilian populations (and 32.3% of endemic lineages) had their closest relatives in distant areas, instead of the neighbouring Italian Peninsula, which suggests high relictuality. Haplotype diversity was significantly explained by the length of the flight period, an intrinsic phenology trait, while genetic differentiation was explained by both intrinsic traits (wingspan and degree of generalism) and contemporary local constraints (winds experienced at the strait and climatic suitability). A relatively narrow sea strait can produce considerable differentiation among butterfly matrilines and this phenomenon showed a largely deterministic fingerprint. Because of unfavourable winds, populations of the less dispersive Sicilian butterflies tended to differentiate into endemic variants or to maintain relict populations. Understanding these phenomena required the integration of DNA sequences, species traits and physical constraints for a large taxon at continental scale. Future studies may reveal if the patterns here shown for mitochondrial DNA are also reflected in the nuclear genome or, alternatively, are the product of limited female dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scalercio
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Foreste e Legno, Contrada Li Rocchi, Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Menchetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raluca Vodă
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adele Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Pietro Casacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii, Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Emilio Balletto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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9
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Platania L, Vodă R, Dincă V, Talavera G, Vila R, Dapporto L. Integrative analyses on Western PalearcticLasiommatareveal a mosaic of nascent butterfly species. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Platania
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - Raluca Vodă
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
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10
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Ryan SF, Lombaert E, Espeset A, Vila R, Talavera G, Dincă V, Doellman MM, Renshaw MA, Eng MW, Hornett EA, Li Y, Pfrender ME, Shoemaker D. Global invasion history of the agricultural pest butterfly Pieris rapae revealed with genomics and citizen science. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20015-20024. [PMID: 31506352 PMCID: PMC6778179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907492116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The small cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, is a major agricultural pest of cruciferous crops and has been introduced to every continent except South America and Antarctica as a result of human activities. In an effort to reconstruct the near-global invasion history of P. rapae, we developed a citizen science project, the "Pieris Project," and successfully amassed thousands of specimens from 32 countries worldwide. We then generated and analyzed nuclear (double-digest restriction site-associated DNA fragment procedure [ddRAD]) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data for these samples to reconstruct and compare different global invasion history scenarios. Our results bolster historical accounts of the global spread and timing of P. rapae introductions. We provide molecular evidence supporting the hypothesis that the ongoing divergence of the European and Asian subspecies of P. rapae (∼1,200 y B.P.) coincides with the diversification of brassicaceous crops and the development of human trade routes such as the Silk Route (Silk Road). The further spread of P. rapae over the last ∼160 y was facilitated by human movement and trade, resulting in an almost linear series of at least 4 founding events, with each introduced population going through a severe bottleneck and serving as the source for the next introduction. Management efforts of this agricultural pest may need to consider the current existence of multiple genetically distinct populations. Finally, the international success of the Pieris Project demonstrates the power of the public to aid scientists in collections-based research addressing important questions in invasion biology, and in ecology and evolutionary biology more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Ryan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996;
- Ecological and Biological Sciences Practice, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Eric Lombaert
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Centre de Recherches de Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 06 903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Anne Espeset
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Roger Vila
- Department of Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Department of Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014 Finland
| | - Meredith M Doellman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Mark A Renshaw
- Shrimp Department, Oceanic Institute, Hawai'i Pacific University, Waimanalo, HI 96795
| | - Matthew W Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Emily A Hornett
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yiyuan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Michael E Pfrender
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556
| | - DeWayne Shoemaker
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996;
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11
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Dincă V, Lee KM, Vila R, Mutanen M. The conundrum of species delimitation: a genomic perspective on a mitogenetically super-variable butterfly. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191311. [PMID: 31530141 PMCID: PMC6784721 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Palaearctic butterfly Melitaea didyma stands out as one of the most striking cases of intraspecific genetic differentiation detected in Lepidoptera: 11 partially sympatric mitochondrial lineages have been reported, displaying levels of divergence of up to 7.4%. To better understand the evolutionary processes underlying the diversity observed in mtDNA, we compared mtDNA and genome-wide SNP data using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) results from 93 specimens of M. didyma ranging from Morocco to eastern Kazakhstan. We found that, between ddRADseq and mtDNA results, there is a match only in populations that probably remained allopatric for long periods of time. Other mtDNA lineages may have resulted from introgression events and were probably affected by Wolbachia infection. The five main ddRADseq clades supported by STRUCTURE were parapatric or allopatric and showed high pairwise FST values, but some were also estimated to display various levels of gene flow. Melitaea didyma represents one of the first cases of deep mtDNA splits among European butterflies assessed by a genome-wide DNA analysis and reveals that the interpretation of patterns remains challenging even when a high amount of genomic data is available. These findings actualize the ongoing debate of species delimitation in allopatry, an issue probably of relevance to a significant proportion of global biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dincă
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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12
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Dincă V, Bálint Z, Vodă R, Dapporto L, Hebert PDN, Vila R. Use of genetic, climatic, and microbiological data to inform reintroduction of a regionally extinct butterfly. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:828-837. [PMID: 29569277 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Species reintroductions are increasingly used as means of mitigating biodiversity loss. Besides habitat quality at the site targeted for reintroduction, the choice of source population can be critical for success. The butterfly Melanargia russiae (Esper´s marbled white) was extirpated from Hungary over 100 years ago, and a reintroduction program has recently been approved. We used museum specimens of this butterfly, mitochondrial DNA data (mtDNA), endosymbiont screening, and climatic-similarity analyses to determine which extant populations should be used for its reintroduction. The species displayed 2 main mtDNA lineages across its range: 1 restricted to Iberia and southern France (Iberian lineage) and another found throughout the rest of its range (Eurasian lineage). These 2 lineages possessed highly divergent wsp alleles of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. The century-old Hungarian specimens represented an endemic haplotype belonging to the Eurasian lineage, differing by one mutation from the Balkan and eastern European populations. The Hungarian populations of M. russiae occurred in areas with a colder and drier climate relative to most sites with extant known populations. Our results suggest the populations used for reintroduction to Hungary should belong to the Eurasian lineage, preferably from eastern Ukraine (genetically close and living in areas with the highest climatic similarity). Materials stored in museum collections can provide unique opportunities to document historical genetic diversity and help direct conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dincă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Finland
| | - Zsolt Bálint
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross utca 13, 1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Raluca Vodă
- DBIOS Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50109, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
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13
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Spitsyn VM, Kondakov AV, Bolotov NI, Thi Pham N, Gofarov MY, Bolotov IN. DNA barcoding unravels contrasting evolutionary history of two widespread Asian tiger moth species during the Late Pleistocene. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194200. [PMID: 29617397 PMCID: PMC5884489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of widespread pest insects in tropical areas are characterized by a complex evolutionary history, with overlapping natural and human-mediated dispersal events, sudden expansions, and bottlenecks. Here, we provide biogeographic reconstructions for two widespread pest species in the tiger moth genus Creatonotos (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The Asian Creatonotos transiens reveals shallow genetic divergence between distant populations that does not support its current intraspecific systematics with several local subspecies. In contrast, the more widespread Creatonotos gangis comprises at least three divergent subclades corresponding to certain geographic areas, i.e. Australia, Arabia + South Asia and Southeast Asia. With respect to our approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) model, the expansion of Creatonotos gangis into Australia is placed in the Late Pleistocene (~65–63 ka). This dating coincide with an approximate time of the earliest human migration into the continent (~65–54 ka) and the period of intervisibility between Timor and Australia (~65–62 ka). Our findings highlight that the drying Sunda and Sahul shelf areas likely support successful migrations of Asian taxa into Australia during the Pleistocene. The phylogeographic patterns discovered in this study can be used to improve the effectiveness of integrated pest control programs that is a task of substantial practical importance to a broad range of agricultural stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly M. Spitsyn
- Lab for Molecular Ecology and Phylogenetics, Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander V. Kondakov
- Lab for Molecular Ecology and Phylogenetics, Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita I. Bolotov
- Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nhi Thi Pham
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mikhail Y. Gofarov
- Lab for Molecular Ecology and Phylogenetics, Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan N. Bolotov
- Lab for Molecular Ecology and Phylogenetics, Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
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Koubínová D, Dincă V, Dapporto L, Vodă R, Suchan T, Vila R, Alvarez N. Genomics of extreme ecological specialists: multiple convergent evolution but no genetic divergence between ecotypes of Maculinea alcon butterflies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13752. [PMID: 29062104 PMCID: PMC5653870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic interactions are often acknowledged as catalysers of genetic divergence and eventual explanation of processes driving species richness. We address the question, whether extreme ecological specialization is always associated with lineage sorting, by analysing polymorphisms in morphologically similar ecotypes of the myrmecophilous butterfly Maculinea alcon. The ecotypes occur in either hygric or xeric habitats, use different larval host plants and ant species, but no significant distinctive molecular traits have been revealed so far. We apply genome-wide RAD-sequencing to specimens originating from both habitats across Europe in order to get a view of the potential evolutionary processes at work. Our results confirm that genetic variation is mainly structured geographically but not ecologically - specimens from close localities are more related to each other than populations of each ecotype from distant localities. However, we found two loci for which the association with xeric versus hygric habitats is supported by segregating alleles, suggesting convergent evolution of habitat preference. Thus, ecological divergence between the forms probably does not represent an early stage of speciation, but may result from independent recurring adaptations involving few genes. We discuss the implications of these results for conservation and suggest preserving biotic interactions and main genetic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Koubínová
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Raluca Vodă
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Tomasz Suchan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, Route de Malagnou 1, 1208, Geneva, Switzerland.
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15
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Marín MA, Cadavid IC, Valdés L, Álvarez CF, Uribe SI, Vila R, Pyrcz TW. DNA Barcoding of an Assembly of Montane Andean Butterflies (Satyrinae): Geographical Scale and Identification Performance. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:514-523. [PMID: 28116647 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a technique used primarily for the documentation and identification of biological diversity based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Butterflies have received particular attention in DNA barcoding studies, although varied performance may be obtained due to different scales of geographic sampling and speciation processes in various groups. The montane Andean Satyrinae constitutes a challenging study group for taxonomy. The group displays high richness, with more of 550 species, and remarkable morphological similarity among taxa, which renders their identification difficult. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of DNA barcodes in the identification of montane Andean satyrines and the effect of increased geographical scale of sampling on identification performance. Mitochondrial sequences were obtained from 104 specimens of 39 species and 16 genera, collected in a forest remnant in the northwest Andes. DNA barcoding has proved to be a useful tool for the identification of the specimens, with a well-defined gap and producing clusters with unambiguous identifications for all the morphospecies in the study area. The expansion of the geographical scale with published data increased genetic distances within species and reduced those among species, but did not generally reduce the success of specimen identification. Only in Forsterinaria rustica (Butler, 1868), a taxon with high intraspecific variation, the barcode gap was lost and low support for monophyly was obtained. Likewise, expanded sampling resulted in a substantial increase in the intraspecific distance in Morpho sulkowskyi (Kollar, 1850); Panyapedaliodes drymaea (Hewitson, 1858); Lymanopoda obsoleta (Westwood, 1851); and Lymanopoda labda Hewitson, 1861; but for these species, the barcode gap was maintained. These divergent lineages are nonetheless worth a detailed study of external and genitalic morphology variation, as well as ecological features, in order to determine the potential existence of cryptic species. Even including these cases, DNA barcoding performance in specimen identification was 100% successful based on monophyly, an unexpected result in such a taxonomically complicated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Marín
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
- Univ Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - I C Cadavid
- Univ Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L Valdés
- Univ Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C F Álvarez
- Univ Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Medellín, Colombia
- Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - S I Uribe
- Univ Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Medellín, Colombia
| | - R Vila
- Instituto de Biología Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T W Pyrcz
- Zoological Museum, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
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Dapporto L, Cini A, Menchetti M, Vodă R, Bonelli S, Casacci LP, Dincă V, Scalercio S, Hinojosa JC, Biermann H, Forbicioni L, Mazzantini U, Venturi L, Zanichelli F, Balletto E, Shreeve TG, Dennis RLH, Vila R. Rise and fall of island butterfly diversity: Understanding genetic differentiation and extinction in a highly diverse archipelago. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Dapporto
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Barcelona Spain
- Dipartimento di Biologia; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Alessandro Cini
- Dipartimento di Biologia; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Mattia Menchetti
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Barcelona Spain
- Dipartimento di Biologia; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Raluca Vodă
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi; Università degli Studi di Torino; Turin Italy
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi; Università degli Studi di Torino; Turin Italy
| | - Luca P. Casacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi; Università degli Studi di Torino; Turin Italy
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics; Biodiversity Institute of Ontario; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Stefano Scalercio
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria; Centro di ricerca Foreste e Legno; Contrada Li Rocchi; Rende Italy
| | - Joan C. Hinojosa
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Franca Zanichelli
- Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano; Località Enfola; Portoferraio Italy
| | - Emilio Balletto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi; Università degli Studi di Torino; Turin Italy
| | - Tim G. Shreeve
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and Conservation; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
| | - Roger L. H. Dennis
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and Conservation; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
- Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration; Staffordshire University; Stoke-on-Trent UK
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Barcelona Spain
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17
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Fois M, Fenu G, Cañadas EM, Bacchetta G. Disentangling the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the distribution of endemic vascular plants in Sardinia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182539. [PMID: 28767717 PMCID: PMC5540478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the impelling urgency of plant conservation and the increasing availability of high resolution spatially interpolated (e.g. climate variables) and categorical data (e.g. land cover and vegetation type), many recent studies have examined relationships among plant species distributions and a diversified set of explanatory factors; nevertheless, global and regional patterns of endemic plant richness remain in many cases unexplained. One such pattern is the 294 endemic vascular plant taxa recorded on a 1 km resolution grid on the environmentally heterogeneous island of Sardinia. Sixteen predictors, including topographic, geological, climatic and anthropogenic factors, were used to model local (number of taxa inside each 1 km grid cell) Endemic Vascular Plant Richness (EVPR). Generalized Linear Models were used to evaluate how each factor affected the distribution of local EVPR. Significant relationships with local EVPR and topographic, geological, climatic and anthropogenic factors were found. In particular, elevation explained the larger fraction of variation in endemic richness but other environmental factors (e.g. precipitation seasonality and slope) and human-related factors (e.g. the Human Influence Index (HII) and the proportion of anthropogenic land uses) were, respectively, positively and negatively correlated with local EVPR. Regional EVPR (number of endemic taxa inside each 100 m elevation interval) was also measured to compare local and regional EVPR patterns along the elevation gradient. In contrast to local, regional EVPR tended to decrease with altitude partly due to the decreasing area covered along altitude. The contrasting results between local and regional patterns suggest that local richness increases as a result of increased interspecific aggregation along altitude, whereas regional richness may depend on the interaction between area and altitude. This suggests that the shape and magnitude of the species-area relationship might vary with elevation. This work provides-for the first time in Sardinia-a comprehensive analysis of the influence of environmental factors on the pattern of EVPR in the entire territory, from sea level to the highest peaks. Elevation, as well as other environmental and human-related variables, were confirmed to be influencing factors. In addition, variations of EVPR patterns at regional-to-local spatial scales inspire next investigations on the possible interaction between elevation and area in explaining patterns of plant species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fois
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Maria Cañadas
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
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