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Lai SJ, Tu IF, Tseng TS, Tsai YH, Wu SH. The deficiency of poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosamine deacetylase trigger A. baumannii to convert to biofilm-independent colistin-tolerant cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2800. [PMID: 36797306 PMCID: PMC9935895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that can be resistant to antibiotics by rapidly modulating its anti-drug mechanisms. The multidrug-resistant A. baumannii has been considered one of the most threatening pathogens to our society. Biofilm formation and persistent cells within the biofilm matrix are recognized as intractable problems, especially in hospital-acquired infections. Poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) is one of the important building blocks in A. baumannii's biofilm. Here, we discover a protein phosphoryl-regulation on PNAG deacetylase, AbPgaB1, in which residue Ser411 was phosphorylated. The phosphoryl-regulation on AbPgaB1 modulates the product turnover rate in which deacetylated PNAG is produced and reflected in biofilm production. We further uncovered the PgaB deficient A. baumannii strain shows the lowest level of biofilm production but has a high minimal inhibition concentration to antibiotic colistin and tetracycline. Based on bactericidal post-antibiotic effects and time-dependent killing assays with antibacterial drugs, we claim that the PgaB-deficient A. baumannii converts to colistin-tolerant cells. This study utilizes a biofilm-independent colistin-tolerant model of A. baumannii to further investigate its characteristics and mechanisms to better understand clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.
| | - I-Fan Tu
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- grid.510951.90000 0004 7775 6738Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132 China
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Frankovsky J, Vozáriková V, Nosek J, Tomáška Ľ. Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation in yeast revisited. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:148-162. [PMID: 33412333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the best-known post-translational modifications occurring in all domains of life. In eukaryotes, protein phosphorylation affects all cellular compartments including mitochondria. High-throughput techniques of mass spectrometry combined with cell fractionation and biochemical methods yielded thousands of phospho-sites on hundreds of mitochondrial proteins. We have compiled the information on mitochondrial protein kinases and phosphatases and their substrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide the current state-of-the-art overview of mitochondrial protein phosphorylation in this model eukaryote. Using several examples, we describe emerging features of the yeast mitochondrial phosphoproteome and present challenges lying ahead in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frankovsky
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vozáriková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Ye X, van der Does C, Albers SV. SaUspA, the Universal Stress Protein of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius Stimulates the Activity of the PP2A Phosphatase and Is Involved in Growth at High Salinity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:598821. [PMID: 33304342 PMCID: PMC7693658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, the protein phosphatase PP2A plays important regulatory roles in many cellular processes, including cell growth, cell shape and synthesis of the archaellum. A conserved prokaryotic protein, designated as SaUspA, was identified as an interaction partner of the phosphatase PP2A. SaUspA belongs to the universal stress protein (USP) superfamily, members of which are found in bacteria, archaea, plants and invertebrates. Biochemical analysis showed that SaUspA is a homodimeric ATP-binding protein, which also in vitro binds to PP2A. SaUspA did not hydrolyze ATP, but stimulated the phosphatase activity of PP2A and might in this manner affect many other processes. Interestingly, binding of ATP further enhanced SaUspA's interaction with PP2A. In contrast to bacterial usp genes, environmental stress conditions including stationary phase, starvation stress, high salinity stress and UV stress did not stimulate expression of saUspA. Deletion of saUspA led to premature production of the archaellin FlaB in S. acidocaldarius although motility was not affected. The ΔsaUspA mutant showed a significant growth defect under high salinity stress and complementation of ATP-binding deficient mutant SaUspAG97A failed to restore this growth defect. Compared with the wild type strain, its growth or survival was not affected under heavy metal stress and UV stress. To date, this is the first study in which the physiological role of USP homologs in archaea have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ye
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chris van der Does
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Verena Albers
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Gong P, Lei P, Wang S, Zeng A, Lou H. Post-Translational Modifications Aid Archaeal Survival. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040584. [PMID: 32290118 PMCID: PMC7226565 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Carl Woese, Archaea have fascinated biologists of almost all areas given their unique evolutionary status, wide distribution, high diversity, and ability to grow in special environments. Archaea often thrive in extreme conditions such as high temperature, high/low pH, high salinity, and anoxic ecosystems. All of these are threats to the stability and proper functioning of biological molecules, especially proteins and nucleic acids. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and glycosylation, are reportedly widespread in Archaea and represent a critical adaptive mechanism to extreme habitats. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the contributions of PTMs to aid in extremophile survival, with a particular focus on the maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Ping Lei
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Shengping Wang
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ao Zeng
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China; (P.L.); (S.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuan-Ming-Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (H.L.)
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Eichler J. Modifying Post‐Translational Modifications: A Strategy Used by Archaea for Adapting to Changing Environments? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900207. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Eichler
- Department of Life SciencesBen Gurion University of the Negev Beersheva 84105 Israel
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Abstract
All organisms must adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions and accordingly have evolved diverse signal transduction systems. In bacteria, the most abundant networks are built around the two-component signal transduction systems that include histidine kinases and receiver domains. In contrast, eukaryotic signal transduction is dominated by serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinases. Both of these systems are also found in archaea, but they are not as common and diversified as their bacterial and eukaryotic counterparts, suggesting the possibility that archaea have evolved other, still uncharacterized signal transduction networks. Here we propose a role for KaiC family ATPases, known to be key components of the circadian clock in cyanobacteria, in archaeal signal transduction. The KaiC family is notably expanded in most archaeal genomes, and although most of these ATPases remain poorly characterized, members of the KaiC family have been shown to control archaellum assembly and have been found to be a stable component of the gas vesicle system in Halobacteria Computational analyses described here suggest that KaiC-like ATPases and their homologues with inactivated ATPase domains are involved in many other archaeal signal transduction pathways and comprise major hubs of complex regulatory networks. We predict numerous input and output domains that are linked to KaiC-like proteins, including putative homologues of eukaryotic DEATH domains that could function as adapters in archaeal signaling networks. We further address the relationships of the archaeal family of KaiC homologues to the bona fide KaiC of cyanobacteria and implications for the existence of a KaiC-based circadian clock apparatus in archaea.IMPORTANCE Little is currently known about signal transduction pathways in Archaea Recent studies indicate that KaiC-like ATPases, known as key components of the circadian clock apparatus in cyanobacteria, are involved in the regulation of archaellum assembly and, likely, type IV pili and the gas vesicle system in Archaea We performed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the KaiC family. A vast protein interaction network was revealed, with KaiC family proteins as hubs for numerous input and output components, many of which are shared with two-component signal transduction systems. Putative KaiC-based signal transduction systems are predicted to regulate the activities of membrane-associated complexes and individual proteins, such as signal recognition particle and membrane transporters, and also could be important for oxidative stress response regulation. KaiC-centered signal transduction networks are predicted to play major roles in archaeal physiology, and this work is expected to stimulate their experimental characterization.
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Lai SJ, Deng YC, Lai MC. Comparison of Enzymatic Traits between Native and Recombinant Glycine Sarcosine N-Methyltransferase from Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1T. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168666. [PMID: 28036340 PMCID: PMC5201303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1T possesses the ability to synthesize the osmolyte betaine from its precursor, glycine, in response to extracellular salt stress through a three-step transmethylation process. Analysis of recombinant glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase (rGSMT) and recombinant sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (rSDMT) from Escherichia coli indicated that betaine synthesis is rate-limited by rGSMT and is constitutively activated by rSDMT. Therefore, it is of interest to purify native GSMT from Methanohalophilus portucalensis to further compare its enzymatic characteristics and kinetics with rGSMT. In this study, native GSMT was purified through DEAE ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography with 95% purity. The enzymatic characteristics of GSMT and rGSMT showed similar trends of activities that were activated by high concentrations of monovalent cations. Both were feedback-inhibited by the end product, betaine, and competitively inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). Native GSMT was 2-fold more sensitive to SAH than rGSMT. Notably, comparison of the kinetic parameters illustrated that the turnover rate of glycine methylation of GSMT was promoted by potassium ions, whereas rGSMT was activated by increasing protein-glycine binding affinity. These results suggest that GSMT and rGSMT may have different levels of post-translational modifications. Our preliminary mass spectrometry evidence indicated that there was no detectable phosphosite on GSMT after the complicated purification processes, whereas purified rGSMT still possessed 23.1% of its initial phosphorylation level. We believe that a phosphorylation-mediated modification may be involved in the regulation of this energy consuming betaine synthesis pathway during the stress response in halophilic methanoarchaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jung Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Deng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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