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Liu K, Tian F, Chen X, Liu B, Tian S, Hou Y, Wang L, Han M, Peng S, Tan Y, Pan Y, Chu Z, Li J, Che L, Chen D, Wen L, Qin Z, Li X, Xiang J, Bian X, Liu Q, Ye X, Wang T, Wang B. Stabilization of TGF-β Receptor 1 by a Receptor-Associated Adaptor Dictates Feedback Activation of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway to Maintain Liver Cancer Stemness and Drug Resistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402327. [PMID: 38981014 PMCID: PMC11425868 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway regulates cancer stem cells (CSCs) and drug sensitivity, whereas it remains largely unknown how feedback regulatory mechanisms are hijacked to fuel drug-resistant CSCs. Through a genome-wide CRISPR activation screen utilizing stem-like drug-resistant properties as a readout, the TGF-β receptor-associated binding protein 1 (TGFBRAP1) is identified as a TGF-β-inducible positive feedback regulator that governs sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and promotes liver cancer stemness. By interacting with and stabilizing the TGF-β receptor type 1 (TGFBR1), TGFBRAP1 plays an important role in potentiating TGF-β signaling. Mechanistically, TGFBRAP1 competes with E3 ubiquitin ligases Smurf1/2 for binding to TGFΒR1, leading to impaired receptor poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Moreover, hyperactive TGF-β signaling in turn up-regulates TGFBRAP1 expression in drug-resistant CSC-like cells, thereby constituting a previously uncharacterized feedback mechanism to amplify TGF-β signaling. As such, TGFBRAP1 expression is correlated with TGFΒR1 levels and TGF-β signaling activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, as well as overall survival and disease recurrence in multiple HCC cohorts. Therapeutically, blocking TGFBRAP1-mediated stabilization of TGFBR1 by selective inhibitors alleviates Regorafenib resistance via reducing CSCs. Collectively, targeting feedback machinery of TGF-β signaling pathway may be an actionable approach to mitigate drug resistance and liver cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Fanxuan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
- School of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Biyin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Shuoran Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Yongying Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
- Department of PathologyDaping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Mengyi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Shiying Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
- School of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Yuting Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
- School of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
- School of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Zhaole Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Linrong Che
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Liangzhi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Junyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Xiu‐wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
- School of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042P. R. China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038P. R. China
- Jinfeng LaboratoryChongqing401329P. R. China
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Chen FW, Wu YL, Cheng CC, Hsiao YW, Chi JY, Hung LY, Chang CP, Lai MD, Wang JM. Inactivation of pentraxin 3 suppresses M2-like macrophage activity and immunosuppression in colon cancer. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:10. [PMID: 38243273 PMCID: PMC10799366 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment is characterized by inflammation-like and immunosuppression situations. Although cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are among the major stromal cell types in various solid cancers, including colon cancer, the interactions between CAFs and immune cells remains largely uncharacterized. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is responsive to proinflammatory cytokines and modulates immunity and tissue remodeling, but its involvement in tumor progression appears to be context-dependent and is unclear. METHODS Open-access databases were utilized to examine the association of PTX3 expression and the fibroblast signature in colon cancer. Loss-of-function assays, including studies in tamoxifen-induced Ptx3 knockout mice and treatment with an anti-PTX3 neutralizing antibody (WHC-001), were conducted to assess the involvement of PTX3 in colon cancer progression as well as its immunosuppressive effect. Finally, bioinformatic analyses and in vitro assays were performed to reveal the downstream effectors and decipher the involvement of the CREB1/CEBPB axis in response to PTX3 and PTX3-induced promotion of M2 macrophage polarization. RESULTS Clinically, higher PTX3 expression was positively correlated with fibroblasts and inflammatory response signatures and associated with a poor survival outcome in colon cancer patients. Blockade of PTX3 significantly reduced stromal cell-mediated tumor development. The decrease of the M2 macrophage population and an increase of the cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell population were observed following PTX3 inactivation in allografted colon tumors. We further revealed that activation of cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) mediated the PTX3-induced promotion of M2 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSIONS PTX3 contributes to stromal cell-mediated protumor immunity by increasing M2-like macrophage polarization, and inhibition of PTX3 with WHC-001 is a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ling Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Chi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Li Z, Yang J, Chen L, Chen P, Liu C, Long X, Chen B, Long J. Moscatilin Reverses EMT Progression and its Resulting Enhanced Invasion and Migration by Affecting the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:1074-1084. [PMID: 38808719 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206307769240522075729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer metastasis is an essential process in the progression of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. EMT plays a crucial role in facilitating the spread of cancer cells. Identifying compounds that can inhibit these abilities of cancer cells is a significant international endeavor. OBJECTIVE To explore the migration and invasion effect of Moscatilin on the bladder and clarify the mechanism of action Methods: The anti-bladder cancer effect of Moscatilin was observed by a cell proliferation experiment. The migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells inhibited by Moscatilin were detected by Transwell and Wound healing. The effects of Moscatilin on EMT-related proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail1, Vimentin, and TGF-β signaling pathways were detected by Western blot, and nucleic acid levels were verified by qPCR. RESULTS Our study revealed that Moscatilin reduced the viability of bladder cancer cells in vitro and impeded their migration and invasion in experimental settings. Furthermore, we observed that Moscatilin decreased the activation levels of active proteins, specifically Smad3, Samd2, and MMP2. Additionally, we found that moscatilin significantly reduced the expression level of TGF-β and was also capable of reversing the overexpression effect of TGF-β. Treatment with Moscatilin also led to significant inhibition of interstitial cell markers Ncadherin and Snail1, which are associated with EMT. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that Moscatilin impedes the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells by influencing cell survival, modulating TGF-β/Smad signaling, and inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenhuan Liu
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Long
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Long
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Cai G, Lu Y, Zhong W, Wang T, Li Y, Ruan X, Chen H, Sun L, Guan Z, Li G, Zhang H, Sun W, Chen M, Zhang W, Wang H. Piezo1-mediated M2 macrophage mechanotransduction enhances bone formation through secretion and activation of transforming growth factor-β1. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13440. [PMID: 36880296 PMCID: PMC10472522 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are multifunctional immune system cells that are essential for the mechanical stimulation-induced control of metabolism. Piezo1 is a non-selective calcium channel expressed in multifarious tissues to convey mechanical signals. Here, a cellular model of tension was used to study the effect of mechanical stretch on the phenotypic transformation of macrophages and its mechanism. An indirect co-culture system was used to explore the effect of macrophage activation on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and a treadmill running model was used to validate the mechanism in vivo for in vitro studies. p53 was acetylated and deacetylated by macrophages as a result of mechanical strain being detected by Piezo1. This process is able to polarize macrophages towards M2 and secretes transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1), which subsequently stimulates BMSCs migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of Piezo1 inhibits the conversion of macrophages to the reparative phenotype, thereby affecting bone remodelling. Blockade of TGF-β I, II receptors and Piezo1 significantly reduced exercise-increased bone mass in mice. In conclusion, we showed that mechanical tension causes calcium influx, p53 deacetylation, macrophage polarization towards M2 and TGF-β1 release through Piezo1. These events support BMSC osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhui Cai
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yahui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weijie Zhong
- Department of StomatologyDushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
- Department of StomatologyMedical Center of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yingyi Li
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaolei Ruan
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lian Sun
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhaolan Guan
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Gen Li
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Minglong Chen
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei‐Bing Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of StomatologyDushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
- Department of StomatologyMedical Center of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of OrthodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of OrthodonticsJiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational MedicineNanjingChina
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Luo L, Li F, Gong B, Xi P, Xie W. A novel prognostic model based on cellular senescence-related gene signature for bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937951. [PMID: 36505846 PMCID: PMC9727082 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence plays crucial role in the progression of tumors. However, the expression patterns and clinical significance of cellular senescence-related genes in bladder cancer (BCa) are still not clearly clarified. This study aimed to establish a prognosis model based on senescence-related genes in BCa. Methods The transcriptional profile data and clinical information of BCa were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to develop a prognostic model in the TCGA cohort. The GSE13507 cohort were used for validation. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to investigate underlying mechanisms. Results A six-gene signature (CBX7, EPHA3, STK40, TGFB1I1, SREBF1, MYC) was constructed in the TCGA databases. Patients were classified into high risk and low risk group in terms of the median risk score. Survival analysis revealed that patients in the higher risk group presented significantly worse prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis verified the moderate predictive power of the risk model based on the six senescence-related genes signature. Further analysis indicated that the clinicopathological features analysis were significantly different between the two risk groups. As expected, the signature presented prognostic significance in the GSE13507 cohort. Functional analysis indicated that immune-related pathways activity, immune cell infiltration and immune-related function were different between two risk groups. In addition, risk score were positively correlated with multiple immunotherapy biomarkers. Conclusion Our study revealed that a novel model based on senescence-related genes could serve as a reliable predictor of survival for patients with BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Xi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Wenjie Xie,
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Lee YC, Lam HM, Rosser C, Theodorescu D, Parks WC, Chan KS. The dynamic roles of the bladder tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:515-533. [PMID: 35764795 PMCID: PMC10112172 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a prevalent but currently understudied cancer type and patient outcomes are poor when it progresses to the muscle-invasive stage. Current research in bladder cancer focuses on the genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring within the urothelial cell compartment; however, the stromal compartment receives less attention. Dynamic changes and intercellular communications occur in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of the bladder - a new concept and niche that we designate as the bladder TME (bTME) - during tumour evolution, metastatic progression and in the context of therapeutic response. Collagens and their cognate receptors, the discoidin domain receptors, have a role in various steps of the metastatic cascade and in immune checkpoint resistance. Furthermore, the presence of another TME niche, the metastatic TME (met-TME), is a novel concept that could support divergent progression of metastatic colonization in different organs, resulting in distant metastases with distinct characteristics and genetics from the primary tumour. The stroma has divergent roles in mediating therapeutic response to BCG immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as conventional chemotherapy or trimodality therapy (that is, maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumour, chemotherapy and radiotherapy). The local bTME and distant met-TME are currently conceptually and therapeutically unexploited niches that should be actively investigated. New biological insights from these TMEs will enable rational design of strategies that co-target the tumour and stroma, which are expected to improve the outcomes of patients with advanced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Rosser
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith Syson Chan
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Macrophage induced ERK-TGF-β1 signaling in MCF7 breast cancer cells result in reversible cancer stem cell plasticity and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130215. [PMID: 35905921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease composed of multiple clonal populations and the mechanism by which the tumor microenvironment induces cancer stem cell plasticity is not fully understood. METHODS MCF7 breast cancer cells were treated with macrophage conditioned medium (MɸCM). PD98059 and SB431542 were used for ERK and TGF-βR inhibition respectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell markers (CSC) were studied using qRT-PCR and flowcytometry. SCID mice were used for animal experiments. RESULTS MɸCM- induced ERK/TGF-β1 signaling led to enrichment of CSC and EMT in MCF7 cells and mammospheres. These effects were abrogated by both MEK inhibitor PD98059 (TGF-β1 synthesis) and SB431542 (TGF-β1 signaling). The increase in CSC was both hybrid (ALDH1+) and mesenchymal (CD44+ CD24- cells). Increase in hybrid E/M state was at a single cell level as confirmed by the increase in both claudin-1 (E) and vimentin (M). This did not have any growth advantage in SCID mice and monitoring of CSC and EMT markers before and after growth in SCID mice indicated reversal of these markers in tumor cells recovered from mice. Removal of MɸCM and neutralization of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in MɸCM abrogated ERK phosphorylation, TGF-β and CSC enrichment indicating the requirement of continuous signaling for maintenance. CONCLUSIONS ERK signaling plays an important role in MɸCM- induced EMT and CSC plasticity which is completely reversible upon withdrawal of signals. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our experimental observations support the semi-independent nature of EMT-stemness connection which is very dynamic and reversible depending on the microenvironment.
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Hou CP, Tsui KH, Chen ST, Chang KS, Sung HC, Hsu SY, Lin YH, Feng TH, Juang HH. The Upregulation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β/Smad Signaling in Bladder Carcinoma Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071625. [PMID: 35884930 PMCID: PMC9312961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is known as a TGFβ-like cytokine acting on the TGFβ receptor to modulate target genes. GDF15 is regarded as a tumor suppressor gene in the human bladder and the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) induces GDF15 expression to inhibit the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. However, the interactions among GDF15, CAPE, and TGFβ/Smads signaling in the human bladder carcinoma cells remain unexplored. Results revealed that TGFβ downregulated the expression of GDF15 via the activation of Smad 2/3 and Smad 1/5. Induction of GDF15 on its downstream genes, NDRG1 and maspin, is dependent on the TGFβ/Smad pathways. Moreover, TGFβ blocked the CAPE-inducing expressions of GDF15, maspin, and NDRG1. Pretreatment of TGF receptor kinase inhibitor not only blocked the activation of TGFβ but also attenuated the activation of GDF15 on the expressions of maspin and NDRG1. The CAPE treatment attenuated the activation of TGFβ on cell proliferation and invasion. Our findings indicate that TGFβ downregulated the expressions of GDF15, maspin, and NDRG1 via TGFβ/Smad signaling. Whereas, CAPE acts as an antagonist on TGFβ/Smad signaling to block the effect of TGFβ on the GDF15 expression and cell proliferation and invasion in bladder carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pang Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Healthcare Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kindey, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-T.C.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-C.S.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-T.C.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-C.S.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-T.C.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-C.S.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-T.C.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-C.S.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-T.C.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-C.S.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800; Fax: +886-3-2118112
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9
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Ni Z, Sun P, Zheng J, Wu M, Yang C, Cheng M, Yin M, Cui C, Wang G, Yuan L, Gao Q, Li Y. JNK Signaling Promotes Bladder Cancer Immune Escape by Regulating METTL3-Mediated m6A Modification of PD-L1 mRNA. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1789-1802. [PMID: 35502544 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is upregulated in many types of cancer and promotes cancer progression by increasing expression of several oncogenes. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating METTL3 expression and the key targets of METTL3 in cancer cells could provide new therapeutic targets. In this study, we found that activated JNK signaling is associated with increased METTL3 expression in bladder cancer. Knockdown of JNK1 or administration of a JNK inhibitor impaired the binding of c-Jun with the METTL3 promoter, thereby decreasing the expression of METTL3 and global RNA m6A levels. Moreover, RNA m6A sequencing indicated enrichment of m6A in the 3'-UTR of immune checkpoint PD-L1 mRNA, which could be recognized by the m6A reader IGF2BP1 to mediate RNA stability and expression levels of PD-L1. Inhibition of JNK signaling suppressed m6A abundance in PD-L1 mRNA, leading to decreased PD-L1 expression. Functionally, METTL3 was essential for bladder cancer cells to resist the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells by regulating PD-L1 expression. Additionally, JNK signaling contributed to tumor immune escape in a METTL3-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. These data reveal the JNK/METTL3 axis as a mechanism of aberrant m6A modification and immune regulation in bladder cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The identification of a novel m6A-dependent mechanism underlying immune system evasion by bladder cancer cells reveals JNK signaling as a potential target for bladder cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zegui Ni
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pengli Sun
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqing Wu
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Congcong Yang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingwei Yin
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengying Cui
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangxian Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Clinic Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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10
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Lappano R, Todd LA, Stanic M, Cai Q, Maggiolini M, Marincola F, Pietrobon V. Multifaceted Interplay between Hormones, Growth Factors and Hypoxia in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:539. [PMID: 35158804 PMCID: PMC8833523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones and growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes. They play important roles in both healthy and tumor cells, where they function by binding to specific receptors on target cells and activating downstream signaling cascades. The stages of tumor progression are influenced by hormones and GF signaling. Hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer progression, contributes to tumor plasticity and heterogeneity. Most solid tumors contain a hypoxic core due to rapid cellular proliferation that outgrows the blood supply. In these circumstances, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a central role in the adaptation of tumor cells to their new environment, dramatically reshaping their transcriptional profile. HIF signaling is modulated by a variety of factors including hormones and GFs, which activate signaling pathways that enhance tumor growth and metastatic potential and impair responses to therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of hormones and GFs during cancer onset and progression with a particular focus on hypoxia and the interplay with HIF proteins. We also discuss how hypoxia influences the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, considering that a hypoxic environment may act as a determinant of the immune-excluded phenotype and a major hindrance to the success of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Lauren A. Todd
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Mia Stanic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Qi Cai
- Kite Pharma Inc., Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (Q.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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11
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Kohara Y, Kitazawa R, Haraguchi R, Imai Y, Kitazawa S. Macrophages are requisite for angiogenesis of type H vessels during bone regeneration in mice. Bone 2022; 154:116200. [PMID: 34534711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are progenitors of osteoclasts as well as regulators of bone metabolism. Macrophages mediate not only bone formation by osteoblasts under physiological conditions, but also bone regeneration after fracture. The mechanisms of macrophages regulation of bone formation and regeneration remain unclear, however. Here, we demonstrate that the liposome-encapsulated Clodronate (Clod-lip) injected mouse model with cortical bone defect induced by drill-hole injury and targeted depletion of phagocytic macrophages exhibits impaired angiogenesis of type H vessels that couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, we identify Tgfbi (encoding TGFBI), Plau (encoding uPA) and Tgfb1 (encoding TGF-β1), through RNA-seq analysis, as genes of macrophage-secreted factors mediating angiogenesis and wound healing. The relevant mRNA was highly expressed in bone marrow-derived macrophages among bone cells, as determined through qRT-PCR. Finally, we disclose that treatment with uPA inhibitor or TGF-β receptor I, receptor II inhibitor impairs bone regeneration after injury, confirming the importance of uPA and TGF-β1 during bone regeneration. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of bone regeneration mediated by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kohara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryuma Haraguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Division of Analytical Bio-Medicine, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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12
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Benjamin DJ, Lyou Y. Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225724. [PMID: 34830879 PMCID: PMC8616345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer accounts for a significant burden to global public health. Despite advances in therapeutics with the advent of immunotherapy, only a small subset of patients benefit from immunotherapy. In this review, we examine the evidence that suggests that the TGF-β pathway may present a resistance mechanism to immunotherapy. In addition, we present possible therapies that may overcome the TGF-β resistance pathway in the treatment of bladder cancer. Abstract Bladder cancer accounts for nearly 200,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for nearly 90% of cases of bladder cancer. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment in the first-line setting for locally advanced or metastatic UC. More recently, the treatment paradigm in the second-line setting was drastically altered with the approval of several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Given that only a small subset of patients respond to ICI, further studies have been undertaken to understand potential resistance mechanisms to ICI. One potential resistance mechanism that has been identified in the setting of metastatic UC is the TGF-β signaling pathway. Several pre-clinical and ongoing clinical trials in multiple advanced tumor types have evaluated several therapies that target the TGF-β pathway. In addition, there are ongoing and planned clinical trials combining TGF-β inhibition with ICI, which may provide a promising therapeutic approach for patients with advanced and metastatic UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Benjamin
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Yung Lyou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-626-256-2805; Fax: +1-625-301-8233
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13
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Nanaomycin K inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor growth in bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9217. [PMID: 33911182 PMCID: PMC8080577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanaomycin K, derived from Streptomyces rosa subsp. notoensis OS-3966T, has been discovered to have inhibitory bioactivity on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important mechanism of cancer cell invasion and migration. In this study, we examined the anti-EMT and anti-tumor effect of nanaomycin K in bladder cancer, where EMT has important roles in progression. We treated two bladder cancer lines, non-muscle-invasive KK47 and muscle-invasive T24, with nanaomycin K to determine the effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of EMT markers in vitro. Wound-healing assays were performed to assess cell invasion and migration. We conducted an in vivo xenograft study in which mice were inoculated with bladder cancer cells and treated with intratumoral administration of nanaomycin K to investigate its anti-tumor and EMT inhibition effects. As the results, nanaomycin K (50 µg/mL) significantly inhibited cell proliferation in KK47 (p < 0.01) and T24 (p < 0.01) in the presence of TGF-β, which is an EMT-inducer. Nanaomycin K (50 µg/mL) also significantly inhibited cell migration in KK47 (p < 0.01) and T24 (p < 0.01), and induced apoptosis in both cell lines in the presence of TGF-β (p < 0.01). Nanaomycin K increased the expression of E-cadherin and inhibited the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin in both cell lines. Nanaomycin K also decreased expression of Snail, Slug, phospho-p38 and phospho-SAPK/JNK especially in T24. Intratumoral administration of nanaomycin K significantly inhibited tumor growth in both KK47 and T24 cells at high dose (1.0 mg/body) (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively) with no obvious adverse events. In addition, nanaomycin K reversed EMT and significantly inhibited the expression of Ki-67 especially in T24. In conclusion, we demonstrated that nanaomycin K had significant anti-EMT and anti-tumor effects in bladder cancer cells, suggesting that nanaomycin K may be a therapeutic candidate for bladder cancer treatment.
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14
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Ulker OC, Panieri E, Suzen S, Jaganjac M, Zarkovic N, Saso L. Short overview on the relevance of microRNA-reactive oxygen species (ROS) interactions and lipid peroxidation for modulation of oxidative stress-mediated signalling pathways in cancer treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:503-515. [PMID: 33769543 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modulation of oxidative stress-mediated signalling pathways is constantly getting more attention as a valuable therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Although complexity of redox signalling pathways might represent a major hurdle, the development of advanced -omics technologies allow thorough studies on cancer-specific biology, which is essential to elucidate the impact of these signalling pathways in cancer cells. The scope of our review is to provide updated information about recent developments in cancer treatment. KEY FINDINGS In recent years identifying oxidative stress-mediated signalling pathways is a major goal of cancer research assuming it may provide novel therapeutic approaches through the development of agents that may have better tissue penetration and therefore affect specific redox signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss some recent studies focussed on the modulation of oxidative stress-related signalling pathways as a novel anti-cancer treatment, with a particular emphasis on the induction of lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS Characterization and modulation of oxidative stress-mediated signalling pathways and lipid peroxidation products will continue to foster novel interest and further investigations, which may pave the way for more effective, selective, and personalized integrative biomedicine treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Cemiloglu Ulker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Chestnut C, Subramaniam D, Dandawate P, Padhye S, Taylor J, Weir S, Anant S. Targeting Major Signaling Pathways of Bladder Cancer with Phytochemicals: A Review. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2249-2271. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1856895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Chestnut
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Prasad Dandawate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Subhash Padhye
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - John Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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16
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Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Versatile Players in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092652. [PMID: 32957515 PMCID: PMC7564346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key players in the tumor microenvironment. They are responsible for potentiating growth and metastasis through versatile functions, including maintenance of the extracellular matrix, blood vessel formation, modulation of tumor metabolism, suppression of antitumor immunity, and promotion of chemotherapy resistance. As such, CAFs are associated with poor prognosis and have emerged as a focus of anticancer research. In this review, we discuss the origins of CAFs, their heterogenous subtypes and their properties. We then detail the current state of preclinical and clinical research targeting CAF activities. We believe the limited efficacy of current cancer therapeutic approaches is driven by an incomplete understanding of CAF functions and by a nonstandardized CAF classification system. Therefore, we suggest a unified CAF classification based on specific functions to develop a new class of therapies that will focus on targeting the pro-tumorigenic properties of CAFs during tumor progression. Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are indispensable architects of the tumor microenvironment. They perform the essential functions of extracellular matrix deposition, stromal remodeling, tumor vasculature modulation, modification of tumor metabolism, and participation in crosstalk between cancer and immune cells. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the principal differences between normal fibroblasts and CAFs, the origin of CAFs, their functions, and ultimately, highlight the intimate connection of CAFs to virtually all of the hallmarks of cancer. We address the remarkable degree of functional diversity and phenotypic plasticity displayed by CAFs and strive to stratify CAF biology among different tumor types into practical functional groups. Finally, we summarize the status of recent and ongoing trials of CAF-directed therapies and contend that the paucity of trials resulting in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals thus far is a consequence of the failure to identify targets exclusive of pro-tumorigenic CAF phenotypes that are mechanistically linked to specific CAF functions. We believe that the development of a unified CAF nomenclature, the standardization of functional assays to assess the loss-of-function of CAF properties, and the establishment of rigorous definitions of CAF subpopulations and their mechanistic functions in cancer progression will be crucial to fully realize the promise of CAF-targeted therapies.
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17
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The m 6A Methylation-Regulated AFF4 Promotes Self-Renewal of Bladder Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8849218. [PMID: 32676121 PMCID: PMC7352121 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8849218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA plays a role in regulating gene expression and determining cell fate. However, the functions of m6A mRNA modification in bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have not been described. Here, we show that global RNA m6A abundance and the expression of m6A-forming enzyme METTL3 are higher in BCSCs than those in non-CSCs of bladder cancer (BCa) cells. The depletion of the METTL3 inhibited the self-renewal of BCSCs, as evidenced by decreased ALDH activity and sphere-forming ability. Mechanistically, METTL3 regulates the m6A modification and thereby the expression of AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4), knockdown of which phenocopies the METTL3 ablation and diminishes the tumor-initiating capability of BCSCs in vivo. AFF4 binds to the promoter regions and sustains the transcription of SOX2 and MYC which have critical biological functions in BCSCs. Collectively, our results demonstrate the critical roles of m6A modification in self-renewal and tumorigenicity of BCSCs through a novel signaling axis of METTL3-AFF4-SOX2/MYC.
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18
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Tyagi A, Kolluru V, Chandrasekaran B, Saran U, Sharma AK, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. ASR488, a novel small molecule, activates an mRNA binding protein, CPEB1, and inhibits the growth of bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:850-860. [PMID: 32566012 PMCID: PMC7285857 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a lack of mechanistic insights, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains incurable and is one of the most lethal types of cancer in the United States. The present study investigated changes in the molecular signatures of MIBC cells (TCCSUP and HT1376) after treatment with a novel small molecule, ASR488, to gain knowledge of the mechanisms that inhibited MIBC cell growth. ASR488 treatment initiated apoptotic signaling in MIBC cells. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to analyze the changes in function of differentially expressed genes. Gene Ontology analysis, as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, was also performed. These analyses along with reactome pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the genes upregulated in the ASR488-treated cells are involved in focal adhesion, neurotrophin signaling, p53 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum functioning in terms of protein processing, and pathways related to bladder cancer. The genes downregulated in ASR488-treated MIBC cells were mainly involved in DNA replication, mismatch repair, RNA degradation, nucleotide excision repair and TGFβ signaling (P<0.05). Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis revealed an increase in transcripts of the most upregulated genes in ASR 488-treated MIBC cells: CPEB1 (36-fold), IL11 (30-fold), SFN (20.12-fold) and CYP4F11 (15.8-fold). In conclusion, the analysis of biological functions of the most differentially expressed genes revealed possible mechanisms that may be associated with the aggressiveness of MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Venkatesh Kolluru
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Uttara Saran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Yamawaki H, Usui T, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of Cancer Stem Cells in Bladder Cancer Progression, Tumorigenesis, and Resistance to Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E235. [PMID: 31963556 PMCID: PMC7016964 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex and highly heterogeneous stem cell disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if it is not treated properly. Early diagnosis with personalized therapy and regular follow-up are the keys to a successful outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading power behind tumor growth, with the ability of self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The fast-developing CSC field with robust genome-wide screening methods has found a platform for establishing more reliable therapies to target tumor-initiating cell populations. However, the high heterogeneity of the CSCs in BC disease remains a large issue. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the various types of bladder CSC heterogeneity, important regulatory pathways, roles in tumor progression and tumorigenesis, and the experimental culture models. Finally, we describe the current stem cell-based therapies for BC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
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Zhu Q, Shen Y, Chen X, He J, Liu J, Zu X. Self-Renewal Signalling Pathway Inhibitors: Perspectives on Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Stem Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:525-540. [PMID: 32021295 PMCID: PMC6970631 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s224465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor survival and prognosis of individuals with cancer are often attributed to tumour relapse and metastasis, which may be due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have the characteristics of self-renewal, differentiation potential, high carcinogenicity, and drug resistance. In addition, CSCs exhibit many characteristics similar to those of embryonic or tissue stem cells while displaying persistent abnormal activation of self-renewal pathways associated with development and tissue homeostasis, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), TGF-β, JAK/STAT3, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, we can eliminate CSCs by targeting these self-renewal pathways to constrain stem cell replication, survival and differentiation. At the same time, we cannot neglect the ping-pong effect of the tumour microenvironment, which releases cytokines and promotes self-renewal pathways in CSCs. Recently, meaningful progress has been made in the study of inhibitors of self-renewal pathways in tumours. This review primarily summarizes several representative and novel agents targeting these self-renewal signalling pathways and the tumour microenvironment and that represent a promising strategy for treating refractory and recurrent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
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21
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Boguslawska J, Kryst P, Poletajew S, Piekielko-Witkowska A. TGF-β and microRNA Interplay in Genitourinary Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:E1619. [PMID: 31842336 PMCID: PMC6952810 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers (GCs) include a large group of different types of tumors localizing to the kidney, bladder, prostate, testis, and penis. Despite highly divergent molecular patterns, most GCs share commonly disturbed signaling pathways that involve the activity of TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta). TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates key cancer-related molecular and cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The understanding of the mechanisms of TGF-β actions in cancer is hindered by the "TGF-β paradox" in which early stages of cancerogenic process are suppressed by TGF-β while advanced stages are stimulated by its activity. A growing body of evidence suggests that these paradoxical TGF-β actions could result from the interplay with microRNAs: Short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target transcripts and inducing mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of TGF-β signaling in GCs. Importantly, TGF-β signaling and microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression often act in complicated feedback circuits that involve other crucial regulators of cancer progression (e.g., androgen receptor). Furthermore, recently published in vitro and in vivo studies clearly indicate that the interplay between microRNAs and the TGF-β signaling pathway offers new potential treatment options for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kryst
- II Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Slawomir Poletajew
- II Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
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22
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Liu M, Zhao D, Wu X, Guo S, Yan L, Zhao S, Li H, Wang Y, Rong F. miR-466 and NUS1 Regulate the AKT/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB) Signaling Pathway in Intrauterine Adhesions in a Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4094-4103. [PMID: 31154456 PMCID: PMC6561142 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are one of the most common reproductive system diseases in women worldwide. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the upregulation or downregulation of genes plays an important role in IUAs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of NUS1 in IUAs in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of miR-466 in intrauterine adhesions tissues was detected by using RT-qPCR assay. RT-qPCR, IHC, and Western blot were used to investigate mRNA and proteins expression, respectively, of NUS1. MTT and colony-formation assays were used to evaluate cell growth. Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion. To investigate miR-466 and NUS1 functions in vivo, we established a rat model. The level of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers was analyzed by Western blot assay. RESULTS NUS1 was upregulated in IUAs tissues, and the high expression level of NUS1 was positively correlated with the severity of IUAs. NUS1 promoted cell proliferation in vitro. NUS1 overexpression on cell migration and invasion promoted the EMT process in vitro and in vivo. NUS1 acted as a target of miR-466 and played the stimulative role by regulating AKT/NFkappaB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that miR-466 and NUS1 regulate proliferation and the EMT process through the AKT/NFkappaB pathway in IUAs in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dapeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xingguo Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fengnian Rong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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23
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Wu M, Sheng L, Cheng M, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Lin S, Liang Y, Zhu F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Gao Q, Chen D, Li J, Li Y. Low doses of decitabine improve the chemotherapy efficacy against basal-like bladder cancer by targeting cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5425-5439. [PMID: 30918330 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Low dose treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine has been shown to be applicable for the management of certain types of cancer. However, its antitumor effect and mechanisms are context dependent and its activity has never been systematically studied in bladder cancer treatment. We used mouse models, cultured cell lines and patient-derived xenografts to demonstrate that low dose decitabine treatment remarkably enhanced the effects of cisplatin and gemcitabine on basal-like bladder cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Genetic lineage tracing revealed that the stemness of a bladder cancer stem cell population was inhibited by decitabine treatment in mice. These effects were accompanied by decreases in genome-wide DNA methylation, gene re-expression, and changes in key cellular regulatory pathways such as STAT3 signaling. These results indicate that this DNA-demethylating reagent is a promising therapeutic approach for basal-like bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Wu
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Fengyu Zhu
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Zhenqing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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24
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The m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes bladder cancer progression via AFF4/NF-κB/MYC signaling network. Oncogene 2019; 38:3667-3680. [PMID: 30659266 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and plays important roles in many bioprocesses. However, its functions in bladder cancer (BCa) remain elusive. Here, we discovered that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, was significantly up-regulated in human BCa. Knockdown of METTL3 drastically reduced BCa cell proliferation, invasion, and survival in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. On the other hand, overexpression of METTL3 significantly promoted BCa cell growth and invasion. Through transcriptome sequencing, m6A sequencing and m6A methylated RNA immuno-precipitation quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we revealed the profile of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in BCa cells for the first time. AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4), two key regulators of NF-κB pathway (IKBKB and RELA) and MYC were further identified as direct targets of METTL3-mediated m6A modification. In addition, we showed that besides NF-κB, AFF4 binds to the promoter of MYC and promotes its expression, implying a novel multilevel regulatory network downstream of METTL3. Our results uncovered an AFF4/NF-κB/MYC signaling network operated by METTL3-mediated m6A modification and provided insight into the mechanisms of BCa progression.
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25
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Zhu XX, Yan YW, Ai CZ, Jiang S, Xu SS, Niu M, Wang XZ, Zhong GS, Lu XF, Xue Y, Tian S, Li G, Tang S, Jiang YZ. Jarid2 is essential for the maintenance of tumor initiating cells in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24483-24490. [PMID: 28445934 PMCID: PMC5421864 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common urologic malignancy in China, with an increase of the incidence and mortality rates over past decades. Recent studies suggest that bladder tumors are maintained by a rare fraction of cells with stem cell proprieties. Targeting these bladder tumor initiating cell (TICs) population can overcome the drug-resistance of bladder cancer. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating TICs in bladder cancer remain poorly defined. Jarid2 is implicated in signaling pathways regulating cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stem cell maintenance. The goal of our study was to examine whether Jarid2 plays a role in the regulation of TICs in bladder cancer. We found that knockdown of Jarid2 was able to inhibit the invasive ability and sphere-forming capacity in bladder cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of Jarid2 reduced the proportion of TICs and impaired the tumorigenicity of bladder cancer TICs in vivo. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of Jarid2 promoted the invasive ability and sphere-forming capacity in bladder cancer cells. Mechanistically, reduced Jarid2 expression led to the upregulation of p16 and H3K27me3 level at p16 promoter region. Collectively, we provided evidence that Jarid2 via modulation of p16 is a putative novel therapeutic target for treating malignant bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Wei Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Ai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Niu
- Department of Statics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiang-Zhen Wang
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gen-Shen Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Xi-Feng Lu
- Department of Physiology, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoqi Tian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shaojun Tang
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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26
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OSR1 is a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor regulating invasion and proliferation in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30008-30018. [PMID: 28404905 PMCID: PMC5444721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most malignant tumors in human. Here, we found that odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 (OSR1) was downregulated in 769-P and 786-O cells due to promoter CpG methylation. OSR1 expression could be restored by pharmacological demethylation treatment in silenced cell lines. Knockdown of OSR1 in two normal expressed cell lines- A498 and ACHN promoted cell invasion and cellular proliferation. RNA-Sequencing analysis showed that expression profile of genes involved in multiple cancer-related pathways was changed when OSR1 was downregulated. By quantitative real-time PCR, we confirmed that depletion of OSR1 repressed the expression of several tumor suppresor genes involved in p53 pathway, such as p53, p21, p27, p57 and RB in A498 and ACHN. Moreover, knockdown of OSR1 suppressed the transcriptional activity of p53. Of note, OSR1 depletion also led to increased expression of a few oncogenic genes. We further evaluated the clinical significance of OSR1 in primary human RCC specimens by immunohistochemical staining and found that OSR1 expression was downregulated in primary RCC and negatively correlated with histological grade. Thus, our data indicate that OSR1 is a novel tumor suppressor gene in RCC. Downregulation of OSR1 might represent a potentially prognostic marker and therapeutic target for RCC.
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27
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Chen Z, Dodig-Crnković T, Schwenk JM, Tao SC. Current applications of antibody microarrays. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:7. [PMID: 29507545 PMCID: PMC5830343 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of antibody microarrays is one of the most versatile approaches within multiplexed immunoassay technologies. These types of arrays have increasingly become an attractive tool for the exploratory detection and study of protein abundance, function, pathways, and potential drug targets. Due to the properties of the antibody microarrays and their potential use in basic research and clinical analytics, various types of antibody microarrays have already been developed. In spite of the growing number of studies utilizing this technique, few reviews about antibody microarray technology have been presented to reflect the quality and future uses of the generated data. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent applications of antibody microarray techniques in basic biology and clinical studies, providing insights into the current trends and future of protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sheng-ce Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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28
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A Carcinogen-induced mouse model recapitulates the molecular alterations of human muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:1911-1925. [PMID: 29367767 PMCID: PMC5886988 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) mouse model is an attractive model system of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as it recapitulates the histology of human tumors in a background with intact immune system. However, it was unknown whether this carcinogen-induced model also mimicked human MIBC at the molecular and mutational level. In our study, we analyzed gene expression and mutational landscape of the BBN model by next-generation sequencing followed by a bioinformatic comparison to human MIBC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other repositories. BBN tumors showed overexpression of markers of basal cancer subtype, and had a high mutation burden with frequent Trp53 (80%), Kmt2d (70%), and Kmt2c (90%) mutations by exome sequencing, similar to human MIBC. Many variants corresponded to human cancer hotspot mutations, supporting their role as driver mutations. We extracted two novel mutational signatures from the BBN mouse genomes. The integrated analysis of mutation frequencies and signatures highlighted the contribution of aberrations to chromatin regulators and genetic instability in the BBN tumors. Together, our study revealed several similarities between human MIBC and the BBN mouse model, providing a strong rationale for its use in molecular and drug discovery studies.
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29
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Hsu CW, Wang JC, Liao WI, Chien WC, Chung CH, Tsao CH, Wu YF, Liao MT, Tsai SH. Association between malignancies and Marfan syndrome: a population-based, nested case-control study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017243. [PMID: 29042385 PMCID: PMC5652471 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marfan syndrome (MFS) involves a deficiency of the structural extracellular matrix component fibrillin-1 and overactivation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway. The TGF-β signalling pathway also actively participates in malignant transformation. Although anecdotal case reports have suggested associations between MFS/MFS-like conditions and several haematological and solid malignancies, such associations have not been thoroughly evaluated in large-scale studies. We sought to use a nationwide healthcare insurance claim database to evaluate whether patients with MFS are at increased risk of malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a nested case-control analysis using a database extracted from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. All medical conditions for each case and control were categorised using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision classifications. ORs and 95% CIs for associations between MFS and malignancies were estimated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for comorbidities. RESULTS Our analyses included 1 153 137 cancer cases and 1 153 137 propensity score-matched controls. Relative to other subjects, patients with MFS had a significantly higher risk of having a malignancy (adjusted OR 3.991) and hypertension (adjusted OR 1.964) and were significantly more likely to be men. Malignancies originating from the head and neck and the urinary tract were significantly more frequent among patients with MFS than among subjects without MFS. CONCLUSION Patients with MFS are at increased risk of developing various malignancies. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this risk when treating such patients, and increased cancer surveillance may be necessary for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wang Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Huei Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Wang X, Ma N, Sun Q, Huang C, Liu Y, Luo X. Elevated NF-κB signaling in Asherman syndrome patients and animal models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15399-15406. [PMID: 28148903 PMCID: PMC5362494 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asherman syndrome (intrauterine adhesion) is often associated with menstrual abnormalities, infertility and recurrent miscarriage in female. Currently the molecular mechanism regulating the pathogenesis of Asherman syndrome is not known. Here we revealed that the inflammatory factor NF-κB expression is significantly elevated in the endometrial samples of Asherman syndrome patients. To further study the molecular mechanisms, we established an Asherman syndrome rat model and confirmed the important role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of Asherman syndrome. In addition, our rat model provided direct evidence that intrauterine adhesion results in impaired pregnancy, supporting the clinical association between intrauterine adhesion and mis-regulated pregnancy. Our result identified NF-κB as a novel pathogenesis factor of Asherman syndrome and provided new insights for the prevention and treatment of intrauterine adhesions in Asherman syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510630.,Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518052
| | - Nana Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang medical college of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China, 453100
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Changzhi City People's Hospital of Shanxin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China, 046000
| | - Chenlingzi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510630
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Huadu District, Guangzhou City People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510630
| | - Xin Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510630
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31
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SLC39A4 expression is associated with enhanced cell migration, cisplatin resistance, and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7211. [PMID: 28775359 PMCID: PMC5543149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc transporter SLC39A4 influences epithelial cell morphology and migration in various cancers; however, its role in regulating cell invasion and chemotherapeutic resistance in human lung cancer is not yet clear. Here, integrated analysis of gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer revealed that SLC39A4 expression is significantly correlated with increased tumour size and regional lymph node spread, as well as shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). SLC39A4 silencing by lentivirus-mediated shRNA blocked human lung cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, SLC39A4 knockdown enhanced cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin-induced death by inhibiting stemness in lung cancer cells. Collectively, these data suggest that SLC39A4 may be a novel therapeutic target and predictive marker of tumour metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Fang D, Kitamura H. Cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in urothelial carcinoma: Possible pathways and potential therapeutic approaches. Int J Urol 2017; 25:7-17. [PMID: 28697535 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the presence of cancer stem cells in urothelial carcinoma. Cancer stem cells have the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into all cell types of the original heterogeneous tumor. A panel of diverse cancer stem cell markers might be suitable for simulation studies of urothelial cancer stem cells and for the development of optimized treatment protocols. The present review focuses on the advances in recognizing the markers of urothelial cancer stem cells and possible therapeutic targets. The commonly reported markers and pathways that were evaluated include CD44, CD133, ALDH1, SOX2 & SOX4, BMI1, EZH1, PD-L1, MAGE-A3, COX2/PGE2/STAT3, AR, and autophagy. Studies on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related pathways (Shh, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, PI3K/Akt, TGF-β, miRNA) are also reviewed. Most of these markers were recognized through the expression patterns of cancer stem cell-rich side populations. Their regulative role in the development and differentiation of urothelial cancer stem cells was confirmed in vitro by functional analyses (e.g. cell migration, colony formation, sphere formation), and in vivo in xenograft experiments. Although a small number of these pathways are targeted by currently available drugs or drugs that are the currently being tested in clinical trials, a clear treatment approach has not been developed for most pathways. A greater understanding of the mechanisms that control the proliferation and differentiation of cancer stem cells is expected to lead to improvements in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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33
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MicroRNA expression levels as diagnostic biomarkers for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58765-58770. [PMID: 28938594 PMCID: PMC5601690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are deadly exocrine mucinous tumors. Currently the molecular features and diagnostic markers of IPMNs are not well understood. In this study, we performed microRNA (miRNA) profiling assays to study the potential roles of miRNAs in IPMNs using 78 cases of IPMN patients and controls. When comparing the miRNA expression between IPMN patient samples and controls, we found that miR-210, miR-223, miR-221, miR-155 and miR-187 were differentially expressed in normal pancreas and IPMNs. We further studied the miRNA expression profiles in different pancreatic diseases and identified miRNA features that are associated with Chronic pancreatitis (CP), IPMN, and Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therefore, these miRNAs might serve as new risk biomarkers of IPMN and could be useful for future targeted therapies.
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34
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Inhibition of glutathione metabolism attenuates esophageal cancer progression. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e318. [PMID: 28428633 PMCID: PMC6130218 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly malignancy with regard to mortality and prognosis, and the 5-year survival rate for all patients diagnosed with ESCC remains poor. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms of ESCC tumorigenesis and progression is of great importance to improve treatment of this disease. In this study, we demonstrated that the glutathione metabolism pathway is highly enriched in ESCC cells compared with normal esophageal epithelial cells in an in vivo mouse model. In addition, treatment with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete glutathione decreased the ESCC tumor burden in mice, thus demonstrating the critical role of glutathione metabolism in ESCC progression. BSO treatment also led to decreased cell proliferation and activation of cell apoptosis in ESCC. Finally, BSO treatment blocked NF-kB pathway activation in ESCC. Our study reveals a new pathway that regulates ESCC progression and suggests that inhibition of glutathione metabolism may be a potential strategy for ESCC treatment.
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35
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van Kampen JGM, van Hooij O, Jansen CF, Smit FP, van Noort PI, Schultz I, Schaapveld RQJ, Schalken JA, Verhaegh GW. miRNA-520f Reverses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting ADAM9 and TGFBR2. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2008-2017. [PMID: 28209612 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells has been widely considered as an approach to combat cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, but a limited number of broadly comprehensive investigations of miRNAs involved in this process have been conducted. In this study, we screened a library of 1120 miRNA for their ability to transcriptionally activate the E-cadherin gene CDH1 in a promoter reporter assay as a measure of EMT reversal. By this approach, we defined miR-520f as a novel EMT-reversing miRNA. miR-520f expression was sufficient to restore endogenous levels of E-cadherin in cancer cell lines exhibiting strong or intermediate mesenchymal phenotypes. In parallel, miR-520f inhibited invasive behavior in multiple cancer cell systems and reduced metastasis in an experimental mouse model of lung metastasis. Mechanistically, miR-520f inhibited tumor cell invasion by directly targeting ADAM9, the TGFβ receptor TGFBR2 and the EMT inducers ZEB1, ZEB2, and the snail transcriptional repressor SNAI2, each crucial factors in mediating EMT. Collectively, our results show that miR-520f exerts anti-invasive and antimetastatic effects in vitro and in vivo, warranting further study in clinical settings. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2008-17. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn G M van Kampen
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelius F Jansen
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Iman Schultz
- InteRNA Technologies B.V., Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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36
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GINS2 regulates matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression and cancer stem cell property in human triple negative Breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1568-1574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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37
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Xu M, Zhou H, Zhang C, He J, Wei H, Zhou M, Lu Y, Sun Y, Ding JW, Zeng J, Peng W, Du F, Gong A. ADAM17 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via TGF-β/Smad pathway in gastric carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2520-2528. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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38
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Peng L, Hu Y, Chen D, Linghu R, Wang Y, Kou X, Yang J, Jiao S. Ubiquitin specific protease 21 upregulation in breast cancer promotes cell tumorigenic capability and is associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4531-4537. [PMID: 28105162 PMCID: PMC5228564 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination have emerged as critical regulators in cancer. In the present study, the expression pattern of 50 ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) was summarized in breast cancer using a bioinformatics approach, and USP21 was identified as the most altered gene in breast cancer. In particular, expression of USP21 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines was greater compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Knockdown of USP21 in TNBC cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Microarray profiling of the USP21 knockdown cells revealed significant downregulation of multiple genes associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The results of the present study suggest that USP21 has a significant role in TNBC progression, and therefore may represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Demeng Chen
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruixia Linghu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Junlan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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39
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Zhou C, Liu Y, Li X, Zou J, Zou S. DNA N 6-methyladenine demethylase ALKBH1 enhances osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. Bone Res 2016; 4:16033. [PMID: 27785372 PMCID: PMC5057179 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ALKBH1 was recently discovered as a demethylase for DNA N6-methyladenine (N6-mA), a new epigenetic modification, and interacts with the core transcriptional pluripotency network of embryonic stem cells. However, the role of ALKBH1 and DNA N6-mA in regulating osteogenic differentiation is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of ALKBH1 in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was upregulated during osteogenic induction. Knockdown of ALKBH1 increased the genomic DNA N6-mA levels and significantly reduced the expression of osteogenic-related genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization. ALKBH1-depleted MSCs also exhibited a restricted capacity for bone formation in vivo. By contrast, the ectopic overexpression of ALKBH1 enhanced osteoblastic differentiation. Mechanically, we found that the depletion of ALKBH1 resulted in the accumulation of N6-mA on the promoter region of ATF4, which subsequently silenced ATF4 transcription. In addition, restoring the expression of ATP by adenovirus-mediated transduction successfully rescued osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ALKBH1 is indispensable for the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and indicate that DNA N6-mA modifications area new mechanism for the epigenetic regulation of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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40
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Chen Y, Wang M, Chen D, Wang J, Kang N. Chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD7 is necessary for osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1588-93. [PMID: 27586276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potential due to their abilities to self-renewal and their potential for differentiating into a variety of cell lineages. However, how to improve the differentiation efficiency of MSC into osteoblast remains a big challenge in the field of bone regenerative medicine. In current study, we identified a role of CHD7 in osteogenic differentiation of MSC. We showed that CHD7 expression in MSC could be induced by BMP2 or osteogenic induction medium. Depletion of CHD7 in MSC via siRNA knockdown resulted in inhibition of key osteogenic transcription factors and impaired osteogenic capability of MSC. Complementarily, overexpression of CHD7 in MSC led to increased osteogenic ability. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CHD7 interacted with SMAD1, downstream factor of BMP signaling. BMP2 stimulated the binding of CHD7 to the enhancer region of SP7. Finally, CHD7-silencing MSC showed comprised osteogenic ability when cultured with scaffold in vivo. Overall, our study established a new epigenetic regulation of MSC osteogenic differentiation and provided a potential target for controlling MSC osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ning Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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41
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Transforming growth factor β as regulator of cancer stemness and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:761-9. [PMID: 27537386 PMCID: PMC5046208 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Key elements of cancer progression towards metastasis are the biological actions of cancer stem cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Cross-communication between tumour and stromal cells is mediated by secreted cytokines, one of which, the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), regulates essentially every cell within the malignant tissue. In this article, we focus on the actions of TGFβ on cancer stem cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells that assist the overall process of metastatic dissemination. We aim at illustrating intricate connections made by various cells in the tumour tissue and which depend on the action of TGFβ.
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