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Maggi L, Camelo GMA, Rocha IC, Pereira Alves W, Moreira JMP, Almeida Pereira T, Tafuri WL, Rabelo ÉML, Correa A, Ecco R, Negrão-Corrêa DA. Role of the IL-33/ST2 Activation Pathway in the Development of the Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Schistosoma mansoni Granulomas in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10237. [PMID: 37373379 PMCID: PMC10299179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni eggs retained in host tissues induce innate cytokine release, contributing to the induction of Type-2 immune responses and granuloma formation, important to restrain cytotoxic antigens, but leading to fibrosis. Interleukin(IL)-33 participates in experimental models of inflammation and chemically induced fibrosis, but its role in S. mansoni-induced fibrosis is still unknown. To explore the role of the IL-33/suppressor of the tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) pathway, serum and liver cytokine levels, liver histopathology, and collagen deposition were comparatively evaluated in S. mansoni-infected wild-type (WT) and IL-33-receptor knockout (ST2-/-) BALB/c mice. Our data show similar egg counts and hydroxyproline in the livers of infected WT and ST2-/- mice; however, the extracellular matrix in ST2-/- granulomas was loose and disorganised. Pro-fibrotic cytokines, such as IL-13 and IL-17, and the tissue-repairing IL-22 were significantly lower in ST2-/- mice, especially in chronic schistosomiasis. ST2-/- mice also showed decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in granuloma cells, in addition to reduced Col III and Col VI mRNA levels and reticular fibres. Therefore, IL-33/ST2 signalling is essential for tissue repairing and myofibroblast activation during S. mansoni infection. Its disruption results in inappropriate granuloma organisation, partly due to the reduced type III and VI collagen and reticular fibre formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maggi
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.); (G.M.A.C.); (I.C.R.); (J.M.P.M.)
| | - Genil Mororó Araújo Camelo
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.); (G.M.A.C.); (I.C.R.); (J.M.P.M.)
| | - Izabella Chrystina Rocha
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.); (G.M.A.C.); (I.C.R.); (J.M.P.M.)
- Curso de Enfermagem, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garça 78698-000, MG, Brazil
| | - William Pereira Alves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (W.P.A.); (É.M.L.R.)
| | - João Marcelo Peixoto Moreira
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.); (G.M.A.C.); (I.C.R.); (J.M.P.M.)
| | - Thiago Almeida Pereira
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Laboratório de Patologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Élida Mara Leite Rabelo
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (W.P.A.); (É.M.L.R.)
| | - Ary Correa
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Setor de Patologia, Escola Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose e Imunohelmintologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.); (G.M.A.C.); (I.C.R.); (J.M.P.M.)
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Qiu H, Wang R, Xing J, Li L, Gao Z, Li J, Fang C, Shi F, Mo F, Liu L, Zhao Y, Xie H, Zhao S, Huang J. Characteristics of Th9 cells in Schistosoma japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mouse mesenteric lymph node. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 254:111561. [PMID: 37086898 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is an effective cytokine secreted by newly defined Th9 cells, which is involved in allergic and infectious diseases. In this study, lymphocytes were isolated from mesenteric lymph node (MLN), spleen, liver, lung, and Peyer's patches (PP) of C57BL/6 mice 5-6 weeks after S. japonicum infection, intracellular cytokine staining was done to detect the percentage of IL-9-producing CD4+ T cells. The qPCR and ELISA were used to verify the content of IL-9 in MLN. The population of IL-9-producing lymphocyte subset was identified by FACS. In addition, the dynamic changes and cytokine profiles of Th9 cells in the MLN of infected mice were detected by FACS. ELISA was used to detect IL-9 induced by soluble egg antigen (SEA) from isolated lymphocytes in mouse MLN. The results showed that the percentage of IL-9-secreting Th9 cells in the MLN of the infected mouse was higher than that in the spleen, liver, lung, or PP. Though CD8+ Tc cells, NKT cells, and γδT cells could secrete IL-9, CD4+ Th cells were the main source of IL-9 in S. japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mice (P < 0.05). The percentage of Th9 cells in MLN of infected mouse increased from week 3-4, and reached a peak at week 5-6, then began to decrease from week 7-8 (P < 0.05). Moreover, Th9 cells could also secrete a small amount of IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-10. Our results suggested a higher percentage of Th9 cells was induced in the MLN of S. japonicum-infected mice, which might play an important role in the early stage of S. japonicum-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaina Qiu
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Junmin Xing
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lu Li
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhiyan Gao
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chao Fang
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Feihu Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Feng Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Lin Liu
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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do Nascimento WRC, Nóbrega CGDO, Fernandes EDS, Santos PDA, Melo FL, Albuquerque MCPDA, de Lorena VMB, Costa VMA, Barbosa CCGS, de Souza VMO. Schistosoma mansoni infection decreases IL-33-mRNA expression and increases CXCL9 and CXCL10 production by peripheral blood cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:211-218. [PMID: 35819523 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni infections, particularly egg antigens, induce Th2-dominant granulomatous responses accompanied by remarkable immunoregulatory mechanisms that avoid intense fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine that stimulates the early activation of Th2 responses, and its soluble ST2 receptor (sST2) avoids granulomatous response, as well as CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines that have antifibrotic activity. However, in schistosomiasis, these molecules have not been suitably studied. Therefore, this study aimed to measure IL-33 and sST2 RNA, cytokines, and chemokines in peripheral blood cultures from individuals living in schistosomiasis-endemic areas. Peripheral blood cells from individuals with S. mansoni (n = 34) and non-infected individuals (n = 31) were cultured under mitogen stimulation. Supernatant chemokines and cytokines were evaluated using a cytometric bead array, and IL-33 and sST2 mRNA expression was measured using qPCR. Infected individuals showed higher levels of CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10; there was a lower expression of IL-33 mRNA and similar expression of sST2mRNA in infected than non-infected individuals. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated lower IL-33mRNA expression and high levels of the antifibrotic chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in schistosomiasis mansoni, which could control exacerbations of the disease in individuals from endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassia Giselle de Oliveira Nóbrega
- Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Erica de Souza Fernandes
- Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia d'Emery Alves Santos
- Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lopes Melo
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mônica Camelo Pessôa de Azevedo Albuquerque
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Vláudia Maria Assis Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Valdênia Maria Oliveira de Souza
- Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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Qi Z, Lan C, Xiaofang J, Juanjuan T, Cheng F, Ting H, Erxia S, Zi L. Inhibition of COX-2 ameliorates murine liver schistosomiasis japonica through splenic cellular immunoregulation. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:144. [PMID: 35461268 PMCID: PMC9034617 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have reported the positive association of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis with liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) infection, and TLR4 signaling controlled this axis. However, how COX-2 regulates immune response during Sj infection is still unclear. Methods Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the effect of the COX-2-specific inhibitor NS398 on liver granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Flow cytometry was used to explore the frequency and amount of different immune cell infiltration in the spleen during Sj infection. Results NS398 significantly reduced the size of liver granuloma, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and alleviated chronic granulomatous inflammation. Mechanically, this might be by decreasing the number of Sj-induced macrophages and T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, T follicular helper (Tfh), T follicular regulatory (Tfr), and germinal center B (GC B) cells. There were no differences in the number of neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Th17 cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), or total B cells in the spleen of the mice with or without NS398 treatment. Conclusions COX-2/PGE2 inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic approach for schistosomiasis japonica through splenic cellular immunoregulation. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qi
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China.,Immunology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chen Lan
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ji Xiaofang
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tang Juanjuan
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fu Cheng
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China.,Immunology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huang Ting
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China.,Immunology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shen Erxia
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China. .,Immunology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China. .,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Li Zi
- Sino‑French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China. .,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Jiang J, Mei J, Ma Y, Jiang S, Zhang J, Yi S, Feng C, Liu Y, Liu Y. Tumor hijacks macrophages and microbiota through extracellular vesicles. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210144. [PMID: 37324578 PMCID: PMC10190998 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a biological system with sophisticated constituents. In addition to tumor cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and microbiota are also dominant components. The phenotypic and functional changes of TAMs are widely considered to be related to most tumor progressions. The chronic colonization of pathogenic microbes and opportunistic pathogens accounts for the generation and development of tumors. As messengers of cell-to-cell communication, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TDEVs) can transfer various malignant factors, regulating physiological and pathological changes in the recipients and affecting TAMs and microbes in the TME. Despite the new insights into tumorigenesis and progress brought by the above factors, the crosstalk among tumor cells, macrophages, and microbiota remain elusive, and few studies have focused on how TDEVs act as an intermediary. We reviewed how tumor cells recruit and domesticate macrophages and microbes through extracellular vehicles and how hijacked macrophages and microbiota interact with tumor-promoting feedback, achieving a reciprocal coexistence under the TME and working together to facilitate tumor progression. It is significant to seek evidence to clarify those specific interactions and reveal therapeutic targets to curb tumor progression and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Jiang
- Postgraduate SchoolMedical School of Chinese PLABeijingP. R. China
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jie Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yongfu Ma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Postgraduate SchoolMedical School of Chinese PLABeijingP. R. China
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shaoqiong Yi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Changjiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Postgraduate SchoolMedical School of Chinese PLABeijingP. R. China
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijingP. R. China
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology InnovationGuangdongP. R. China
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Jiang J, Mei J, Yi S, Feng C, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen C. Tumor associated macrophage and microbe: The potential targets of tumor vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114046. [PMID: 34767863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is made of various immune cells, activated fibroblasts, basement membrane, capillaries, and extracellular matrix. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and microbes are important components in TME. Tumor cells can recruit and educate TAMs and microbes, and the hijacked TAMs and microbes can promote the progression of tumor reciprocally. Tumor vaccine delivery remodeling TME by targeting TAM and microbes can not only enhance the specificity and immunogenicity of antigens, but also contribute to the regulation of TME. Tumor vaccine design benefits from nanotechnology which is a suitable platform for antigen and adjuvant delivery to catalyze new candidate vaccines applying to clinical therapy at unparalleled speed. In view of the characteristics and mechanisms of TME development, vaccine delivery targeting and breaking the malignant interactions among tumor cells, TAMs, and microbes may serve as a novel strategy for tumor therapy.
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Heme-Oxygenase-1 Attenuates Oxidative Functions of Antigen Presenting Cells and Promotes Regulatory T Cell Differentiation during Fasciola hepatica Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121938. [PMID: 34943041 PMCID: PMC8750899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a fluke that infects livestock and humans causing fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease of increasing importance due to its worldwide distribution and high economic losses. The parasite regulates the host immune system by inducing a strong Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cell immune response through mechanisms that might involve the expression or activity of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of free heme that also has immunoregulatory and antioxidant properties. In this paper, we show that F. hepatica-infected mice upregulate HO-1 on peritoneal antigen-presenting cells (APC), which produce decreased levels of both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The presence of these cells was associated with increased levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Blocking the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) during parasite infection demonstrated that the presence of splenic Tregs and peritoneal APC expressing HO-1 were both dependent on IL-10 activity. Furthermore, IL-10R neutralization as well as pharmacological treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP protected mice from parasite infection and allowed peritoneal APC to produce significantly higher ROS/RNS levels than those detected in cells from infected control mice. Finally, parasite infection carried out in gp91phox knockout mice with inactive NADPH oxidase was associated with decreased levels of peritoneal HO-1+ cells and splenic Tregs, and partially protected mice from the hepatic damage induced by the parasite, revealing the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involving ROS production that participate in the complex pathology induced by this helminth. Altogether, these results contribute to the elucidation of the immunoregulatory and antioxidant role of HO-1 induced by F. hepatica in the host, providing alternative checkpoints that might control fasciolosis.
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Bai Y, Guan F, Zhu F, Jiang C, Xu X, Zheng F, Liu W, Lei J. IL-33/ST2 Axis Deficiency Exacerbates Hepatic Pathology by Regulating Treg and Th17 Cells in Murine Schistosomiasis Japonica. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5981-5998. [PMID: 34815688 PMCID: PMC8604654 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s336404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Schistosoma japonicum-infected IL-33 and ST2 gene deficiency (IL-33−/− and ST2−/−, respectively) mice were used to explore the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in liver pathology targeting regulatory T cells (Treg)/T helper 17 cells (Th17). Materials and Methods Each mouse was infected percutaneously with 20 S. japonicum cercariae. Hepatic mass index (HMI), liver egg granulomas, hepatic fibrosis biomarkers and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were investigated. Treg and Th17 frequency was determined by flow cytometry. Expressions of Foxp3, ST2, TGF-β1, IL-10, RORγt, and IL-17A were measured via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Concentrations of TGF-β1, IL-10 and IL-17A were tested with ELISA. In vitro experiments, mRNA expressions of Foxp3, TGF-β1, IL-10, Atg5, Beclin-1 and p62 associated with polarization of Treg by recombinant mouse IL-33 (rmIL-33) were detected by qRT-PCR. Results An increased expression of IL-33/ST2 was shown in S. japonicum-infected mice. Deficiency of IL-33 or ST2 gene led to an aggravated liver pathology, which was evidenced by elevated hepatic granuloma volume, HMI and ALT levels and fibrosis, which was demonstrated by increased hepatic collagen deposition in the infected mice. Injection of rmIL-33 into the infected IL-33−/− mice strongly abrogated the liver pathology and fibrosis, whereas no detectable effect with injecting rmIL-33 into the infected ST2−/− mice. Furthermore, depletion of the IL-33/ST2 axis inhibited Treg, accompanied by increased Th17. rmIL-33 treatment upregulated Treg and downregulated Th17 in the infected IL-33−/− mice, while no effect in the infected ST2−/− mice. rmIL-33 led to elevated expressions of Atg5, Beclin-1 and inhibited expression of p62 in expansion of Treg. Conclusion The IL-33/ST2 axis plays a protective role in S. japonicum infected mice, which is closely related to increasing Treg responses as well as suppressing Th17 responses. Expansion of Treg by IL-33 may be associated with its regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoXiao Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
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Eosinophils participate in modulation of liver immune response and tissue damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. Cytokine 2021; 149:155701. [PMID: 34741881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The severity of chronic schistosomiasis has been mainly associated with the intensity and extension of the inflammatory response induced by egg-secreted antigens in the host tissue, especially in the liver and intestine. During acute schistosomiasis, eosinophils account for approximately 50% of the cells that compose the liver granulomas; however, the role of this cell-type in the pathology of schistosomiasis remains controversial. In the current study, we compared the parasite burden and liver immunopathological changes during experimental schistosomiasis in wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice and BALB/c mice selectively deficient for the differentiation of eosinophils (ΔdblGATA). Our data demonstrated that the absence of eosinophil differentiation did not alter the S. mansoni load or the liver retention of parasite eggs; however, there were significant changes in the liver immune response profile and tissue damage. S. mansoni infection in ΔdblGATA mice resulted in significantly lower liver concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β and higher concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α, as compared to WT mice. The changes in liver immune response observed in infected ΔdblGATA mice were accompanied by lower collagen deposition, but higher liver damage and larger granulomas. Moreover, the absence of eosinophils resulted in a higher mortality rate in mice infected with a high parasite load. Therefore, the data indicated that eosinophils participate in the establishment and/or amplification of liver Th-2 and regulatory response induced by S. mansoni, which is necessary for the balance between liver damage and fibrosis, which in turn is essential for modulating disease severity.
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10
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Zhang B, Wu X, Li J, Ning A, Zhang B, Liu J, Song L, Yan C, Sun X, Zheng K, Wu Z. Hepatic progenitor cells promote the repair of schistosomiasis liver injury by inhibiting IL-33 secretion in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:546. [PMID: 34674752 PMCID: PMC8529826 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic schistosomiasis, a chronic liver injury induced by long-term Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection, is characterized by egg granulomas and fibrotic pathology. Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), which are nearly absent or quiescent in normal liver, play vital roles in chronic and severe liver injury. But their role in the progression of liver injury during infection remains unknown. Methods In this study, the hepatic egg granulomas, fibrosis and proliferation of HPCs were analyzed in the mice model of S. japonicum infection at different infectious stages. For validating the role of HPCs in hepatic injury, tumor necrosis factor-like-weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and TWEAK blocking antibody were used to manipulate the proliferation of HPCs in wild-type and IL-33−/− mice infected with S. japonicum. Results We found that the proliferation of HPCs was accompanied by inflammatory granulomas and fibrosis formation. HPCs expansion promoted liver regeneration and inhibited inflammatory egg granulomas, as well as the deposition of fibrotic collagen. Interestingly, the expression of IL-33 was negatively associated with HPCs’ expansion. There were no obvious differences of liver injury caused by infection between wild-type and IL-33−/− mice with HPCs’ expansion. However, liver injury was more attenuated in IL-33−/− mice than wild-type mice when the proliferation of HPCs was inhibited by anti-TWEAK. Conclusions Our data uncovered a protective role of HPCs in hepatic schistosomiasis in an IL-33-dependent manner, which might provide a promising progenitor cell therapy for hepatic schistosomiasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02589-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - An Ning
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Langui Song
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Arvind V, Huang AH. Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:719047. [PMID: 34350166 PMCID: PMC8327090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.719047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it also aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We also discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arvind
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Mukendi JPK, Nakamura R, Uematsu S, Hamano S. Interleukin (IL)-33 is dispensable for Schistosoma mansoni worm maturation and the maintenance of egg-induced pathology in intestines of infected mice. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:70. [PMID: 33482904 PMCID: PMC7821721 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomes are trematode worms that dwell in their definitive host's blood vessels, where females lay eggs that need to be discharged into the environment with host excreta to maintain their life-cycle. Both worms and eggs require type 2 immunity for their maturation and excretion, respectively. However, the immune molecules that orchestrate such immunity remain unclear. Interleukin (IL)-33 is one of the epithelium-derived cytokines that induce type 2 immunity in tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the role of IL-33 in the maturation, reproduction and excretion of Schistosoma mansoni eggs, and in the maintenance of egg-induced pathology in the intestines of mice. METHODS The morphology of S. mansoni worms and the number of eggs in intestinal tissues were studied at different time points post-infection in S. mansoni-infected IL-33-deficient (IL-33-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. IL-5 and IL-13 production in the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes were measured. Tissue histology was performed on the terminal ilea of both infected and non-infected mice. RESULTS Worms from IL-33-/- and WT mice did not differ morphologically at 4 and 6 weeks post-infection (wpi). The number of eggs in intestinal tissues of IL-33-/- and WT mice differed only slightly. At 6 wpi, IL-33-/- mice presented impaired type 2 immunity in the intestines, characterized by a decreased production of IL-5 and IL-13 in mesenteric lymph nodes and fewer inflammatory infiltrates with fewer eosinophils in the ilea. There was no difference between IL-33-/- and WT mice in the levels of IL-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in intestinal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Despite its ability to initiate type 2 immunity in tissues, IL-33 alone seems dispensable for S. mansoni maturation and its absence may not affect much the accumulation of eggs in intestinal tissues. The transient impairment of type 2 immunity observed in the intestines, but not spleens, highlights the importance of IL-33 over IL-25 and TSLP in initiating, but not maintaining, locally-induced type 2 immunity in intestinal tissues during schistosome infection. Further studies are needed to decipher the role of each of these molecules in schistosomiasis and clarify the possible interactions that might exist between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Kambala Mukendi
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Risa Nakamura
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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13
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He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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14
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Zhang B, Wu X, Song Q, Ning A, Liang J, Song L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yuan D, Sun X, Wu Z. Gut Microbiota Modulates Intestinal Pathological Injury in Schistosoma japonicum-Infected Mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:588928. [PMID: 33313045 PMCID: PMC7703745 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.588928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trapping of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) eggs in host tissue, mainly in the intestine and liver, causes severe gastrointestinal and hepatic granulomatous immune responses and irreversible fibrosis. Although the gut microbiota plays a central role in regulating pathological responses in several diseases, the effect of the gut microbiota on the pathologenesis progression of schistosomiasis remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory function of the gut microbiota in schistosomiasis japonica. We found that the depletion of the gut microbiota significantly ameliorated egg granulomas formation and fibrosis in the intestine of infected mice. This role of the gut microbiota in intestinal granuloma formation and fibrosis was reinforced when normal and infected mice were housed together in one cage. Notably, changes in the gut microbiota induced by S. japonicum infection were partly reversible with microbiota transfer in the cohousing experiment. Transfer of the gut microbiota from normal to infected mice attenuated the intestinal pathological responses. Depletion of the gut microbiota by antibiotics, or transfer of the gut microbiota from normal to infected mice decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and promoted the production of cytokines and mRNA levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in infected mice. Our findings indicated a regulatory effect of the gut microbiota on intestinal pathological injury associated with schistosomiasis japonica in mice, and thus suggested a potential strategy for schistosomiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Ning
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyi Liang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Langui Song
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Dongjuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Souza COS, Gardinassi LG, Rodrigues V, Faccioli LH. Monocyte and Macrophage-Mediated Pathology and Protective Immunity During Schistosomiasis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1973. [PMID: 32922381 PMCID: PMC7456899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Schistosoma parasites culminates in a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by intense tissue fibrosis. Along the course of schistosomiasis, diverse leukocytes are recruited for inflammatory foci. Innate immune cell accumulation in Th2-driven granulomas around Schistosoma eggs is associated with increased collagen deposition, while monocytes and macrophages exert critical roles during this process. Monocytes are recruited to damaged tissues from blood, produce TGF-β and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which become alternatively activated by IL-4/IL-13 signaling via IL-4Rα (AAMs). AAMs are key players of tissue repair and wound healing in response to Schistosoma infection. Alternative activation of macrophages is characterized by the activation of STAT6 that coordinates the transcription of Arg1, Chi3l3, Relma, and Mrc1. In addition to these markers, monocyte-derived AAMs also express Raldh2 and Pdl2. AAMs produce high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β that minimizes tissue damage caused by Schistosoma egg accumulation in tissues. In this review, we provide support to previous findings about the host response to Schistosoma infection reusing public transcriptome data. Importantly, we discuss the role of monocytes and macrophages with emphasis on the mechanisms of alternative macrophage activation during schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira Silva Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Liu C, Zhang YS, Chen F, Wu XY, Zhang BB, Wu ZD, Lei JX. Immunopathology in schistosomiasis is regulated by TLR2,4- and IFN-γ-activated MSC through modulating Th1/Th2 responses. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:217. [PMID: 32503644 PMCID: PMC7275460 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims A marked egg-induced CD4+ T cell programmed inflammation and subsequent hepatic fibrosis characterize the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been extensively studied for the treatment of schistosomiasis. However, the mechanism by which MSCs modulate the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis has not been clarified. Furthermore, the local inflammatory milieu may greatly influence the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs, and our early experiments demonstrated that Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR4 agonist effected immune modulation of MSC. Here, we further investigated their modulation on the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Methods Adult BALB/c male mice were percutaneously infected with 16 ± 2 pairs S. japonicum cercariae and received intravenously pretreated MSC at 1 week and 3 weeks post-infection, respectively. At 8 weeks post-infection, effects of MSC on liver histology were shown by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson staining and quantitatively compared by the hepatic hydroxyproline content; α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I(Col-1), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression in the liver were assessed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the Th1/Th2 dominance among different groups was compared by analyzing CD4+ interferon-γ (IFN-γ)+ and CD4+interleukin-4 (IL-4)+T cells in the liver by flow cytometry and serum level of IFN-γ and IL-5 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Effects of different kinds of MSC were further evaluated in vitro by the coculture system. Results Results showed TLR4- and IFN-γ-activated MSC alleviated liver fibrosis in infected mice, without a significant increase of mortality, and unpretreated MSC showed no clear improvement; however, TLR2- and IFN-γ-activated MSC displayed aggravated immunopathology. In accord with the pathological results, TLR4- and IFN-γ-activated MSC groups showed moderate enhancement of Th1 response in vitro and clear Th1 dominance in vivo without leading to extreme inflammation, whereas TLR2- and IFN-γ-activated MSC not only induced Th1 response, but also triggered excessive inflammation as evidenced by atrophy of the thymus and higher TNF level in the coculture system. Conclusions This study demonstrates that TLR4 combined with IFN-γ can activate the MSC group with positive effects on the pathology of schistosomiasis by modulating Th subsets at some degree. This result suggests that when MSC is being used to treat different immuno-disturbance complications, subtle pretreatment methods should be seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Shu Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Dao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xia Lei
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Zheng B, Zhang J, Chen H, Nie H, Miller H, Gong Q, Liu C. T Lymphocyte-Mediated Liver Immunopathology of Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:61. [PMID: 32132991 PMCID: PMC7040032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic worms, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum, reside in the mesenteric veins, where they release eggs that induce a dramatic granulomatous response in the liver and intestines. Subsequently, infection may further develop into significant fibrosis and portal hypertension. Over the past several years, uncovering the mechanism of immunopathology in schistosomiasis has become a major research objective. It is known that T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ T cells, are essential for immune responses against Schistosoma species. However, obtaining a clear understanding of how T lymphocytes regulate the pathological process is proving to be a daunting challenge. To date, CD4+ T cell subsets have been classified into several distinct T helper (Th) phenotypes including Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th9, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the case of schistosomiasis, the granulomatous inflammation and the chronic liver pathology are critically regulated by the Th1/Th2 responses. Animal studies suggest that there is a moderate Th1 response to parasite antigens during the acute stage, but then, egg-derived antigens induce a sustained and dominant Th2 response that mediates granuloma formation and liver fibrosis. In addition, the newly discovered Th17 cells also play a critical role in the hepatic immunopathology of schistosomiasis. Within the liver, Tregs are recruited to hepatic granulomas and exert an immunosuppressive role to limit the granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that Tfh and Th9 cells might also promote liver granulomas and fibrogenesis in the murine schistosomiasis. Thus, during infection, T-cell subsets undergo complicated cross-talk with antigen presenting cells that then defines their various roles in the local microenvironment for regulating the pathological progression of schistosomiasis. This current review summarizes a vast body of literature to elucidate the contribution of T lymphocytes and their associated cytokines in the immunopathology of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Intracellular Pathogens, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Kamdem SD, Konhawa F, Kuemkon EM, Meyo Kamguia L, Tchanana GK, Nche F, Oumarou A, Hamza M, Ouratou Y, Tcheutchoua MN, Ghislain Essomba R, Ngogang MP, Kengne M, Netongo PM, Ondigui BE, Okomo Assoumou MC, Brombacher F, Nono JK. Negative Association of Interleukin-33 Plasma Levels and Schistosomiasis Infection in a Site of Polyparasitism in Rural Cameroon. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2827. [PMID: 31849991 PMCID: PMC6901687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma levels of IL-33, a mucosal alarmin known to elicit type-2 immunity, with infection and liver fibrosis profiles of school children from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni, malaria and hepatitis (B & C) in rural Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling schoolchildren from 5 public schools was conducted. Single schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis infections or co-infections were assessed by kato katz, microscopy, and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by ultrasound according to WHO Niamey guidelines and plasma levels of Interleukin 33 were determined by ELISA. All statistics were performed using R studio software. Principal findings: We found a prevalence of 13.5% (37/275), 18.2% (50/275), and 8% (22/275), respectively for schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis (B or C) single infections. Only 7.6% (21/275) of co-infections were reported. Although Plasma IL-33 showed a minimal negative risk for schistosomiasis infection (AOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97–1.01), S. mansoni infected participants had lower levels of plasma IL-33 (p = 0.003) which decreased significantly as eggs burdens increased (p = 0.01) with a negative Pearson coefficient of r = −0.22. Hepatic fibrosis occurred in 47.3% (130/275) of our study population independently from plasma levels of IL-33 (AOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99–1.01). Conclusion/Significance: Our data failed to show an association between plasma IL-33 levels and liver disease but convincingly report on a negative association between plasma IL-33 levels and schistosomiasis infection and egg burden in school children from a polyparasitic schistosomiasis endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Donald Kamdem
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francis Konhawa
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Erve Martial Kuemkon
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leonel Meyo Kamguia
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gladys K Tchanana
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,CIAB EXACT Medical Laboratory, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frungwa Nche
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Yasmine Ouratou
- Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - René Ghislain Essomba
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Michel Kengne
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Palmer Masumbe Netongo
- Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa.,The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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19
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Shen J, Wang L, Peng M, Liu Z, Zhang B, Zhou T, Sun X, Wu Z. Recombinant Sj16 protein with novel activity alleviates hepatic granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum associated with M2 macrophages in a mouse model. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:457. [PMID: 31547847 PMCID: PMC6755699 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potent granulomatous inflammation responses induced by schistosome eggs and resultant fibrosis are the primary causes of morbidity in schistosomiasis. Recombinant Sj16 (rSj16), a 16-kDa protein of Schistosoma japonicum produced in Escherichia coli, has been demonstrated to have novel immunoregulatory effects in vivo and in vitro. Thus, this study investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of rSj16 treatment in S. japonicum-infected mice and demonstrated the immune modulation between the schistosome and the host. METHODS Schistosoma japonicum infected mice were treated with the rSj16 protein and Sj16 peptide at different time points post-infection to assess their efficacy at the optimal time point. Sj16 peptide and/or Praziquantel (PZQ) treatments were initiated at week 5 post-infection to compare the therapeutic efficacy of each regimen. Hepatic granulomatous inflammation, fibrosis and cytokine production (pro-inflammatory, Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory cytokines IL-10) were detected. Moreover, M2 macrophages were measured to illuminate the mechanisms of Sj16. RESULTS The rSj16 protein and Sj16 peptide had significant protective effects in S. japonicum-infected mice, as shown by decreased granuloma formation, areas of collagen deposition and inhibition of pro-inflammatory Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine production. These protective activities were more obvious when animals were treated with either the Sj16 protein or peptide at early stages post-infection. Interestingly, the combined treatment of PZQ and Sj16 was more effective and upregulated IL-10 production than administration of PZQ alone in infected mice. Furthermore, the Sj16 treatment alleviated the pathological effects associated with activated M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of rSj16 in schistosomiasis. Therefore, the combination of rSj16 with PZQ could be a viable and promising therapeutic strategy for schistosomiasis. In addition, this investigation provides additional information on schistosome-mediated immune modulation and host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Yang Q, Qu J, Jin C, Feng Y, Xie S, Zhu J, Liu G, Xie H, Qiu H, Qi Y, Mu J, Huang J. Schistosoma japonicum Infection Promotes the Response of Tfh Cells Through Down-Regulation of Caspase-3-Mediating Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2154. [PMID: 31572373 PMCID: PMC6753327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a new subset of immune cells, have been demonstrated to be involved in granulomatous responses to Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of Tfh cell aggregation in S. japonicum infection remain incompletely understood. In this study, we provide evidence that S. japonicum infection enhances the accumulation of Tfh cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood of C57BL/6 mice. Infection-induced Tfh cells exhibited more potent effects directly on B cell responses than the control Tfh cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, reduced apoptosis of Tfh cells was found both in S. japonicum infected mice and in soluble egg antigen (SEA) treated Tfh cells (P < 0.05). Mechanistic studies reveal that caspase-3 is the primary drivers of down-regulated apoptotic Tfh cell death in S. japonicum infection. In summary, this study demonstrates that Tfh cell accumulation might have an impact on the generation of immune responses in S. japonicum infection, and caspase-3 signaling mediated apoptosis down-regulation might responsible for the accumulation of Tfh cell in this course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoshen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Li ZY, Xiao L, Lin G, Tang J, Chen Y, Chen L, Li B, Wu M, Liu S, Huang C, Ferrandon D, Li Z. Contribution of tissue transglutaminase to the severity of hepatic fibrosis resulting from Schistosoma japonicum infection through the regulation of IL-33/ST2 expression. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:302. [PMID: 31200771 PMCID: PMC6570881 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-regulating IL-13 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis resulting from Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) infection. IL-33 and its receptor ST2 are involved in Th2-biased immune responses through the release of IL-5 and IL-13 and subsequent hepatic granuloma pathology induced by Sj infection. However, the relationship between tTG, IL-33/ST2, and liver fibrosis during Schistosoma infection has not been established. Results This study investigated the link between tTG and IL-33/ST2 in the induction of liver fibrogenesis during Sj infection in mice. The extent of liver fibrosis coincided with an increase in tTG and IL-33/ST2 expression in the liver of infected mice between five to eight weeks, with a peak of correlation at six weeks after Sj infection. The inhibition of tTG activity through cystamine administration or gene knockout alleviated the level of TLR4, NF-κB pathway molecules, IL-33/ST2, and the severity of liver fibrosis resulting from Sj infection. Conclusions These results indicate that during Sj infection tTG may control liver fibrosis at least partially through TLR4, NF-κB pathway activation and then IL-33/ST2. tTG, IL-33 or ST2 might be promising drug targets against liver fibrosis induced by Sj infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Li
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - LinZhuo Xiao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - GuiYing Lin
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - JuanJuan Tang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - YuQiang Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - BaoQi Li
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - MeiLing Wu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - ShuYan Liu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - ChuQin Huang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dominique Ferrandon
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,RIDI UPR9022 du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Zi Li
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Zhang B, Wu X, Liu J, Song L, Song Q, Wang L, Yuan D, Wu Z. β-Actin: Not a Suitable Internal Control of Hepatic Fibrosis Caused by Schistosoma japonicum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:66. [PMID: 30766520 PMCID: PMC6365423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica is a significant health problem that leads to morbidity and mortality of humans. It is characterized by hepatic granulomatous response and fibrosis caused by eggs deposition in the liver. β-actin, a traditional housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control to normalize gene and protein expression. However, β-actin expression can fluctuate upon the treatment with pharmacological agents or under some physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, we found that the expressions of both β-actin mRNA and protein increased significantly with hepatic fibrosis formation after 6 weeks infection with Schistosoma japonicum and kept high level during the progression of hepatic fibrosis, while the levels of β-Tubulin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) remained stable. The dynamic change of β-actin was similar with the profibrogenic factors, including α-SMA, Collagen I, and Collagen III. We employed immunofluorescence staining and further showed that the expression level of β-actin was positively correlated with α-SMA. What is more, there was a positive correlation between the level of β-actin mRNA and the content of hydroxyproline in liver. This study provides evidences that β-actin is variable and unsatisfied for application as an internal control in hepatic fibrosis induced by S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Langui Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjuan Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Costain AH, MacDonald AS, Smits HH. Schistosome Egg Migration: Mechanisms, Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3042. [PMID: 30619372 PMCID: PMC6306409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many parasitic worms possess complex and intriguing life cycles, and schistosomes are no exception. To exit the human body and progress to their successive snail host, Schistosoma mansoni eggs must migrate from the mesenteric vessels, across the intestinal wall and into the feces. This process is complex and not always successful. A vast proportion of eggs fail to leave their definite host, instead becoming lodged within intestinal or hepatic tissue, where they can evoke potentially life-threatening pathology. Thus, to maximize the likelihood of successful egg passage whilst minimizing host pathology, intriguing egg exit strategies have evolved. Notably, schistosomes actively exert counter-inflammatory influences on the host immune system, discreetly compromise endothelial and epithelial barriers, and modulate granuloma formation around transiting eggs, which is instrumental to their migration. In this review, we discuss new developments in our understanding of schistosome egg migration, with an emphasis on S. mansoni and the intestine, and outline the host-parasite interactions that are thought to make this process possible. In addition, we explore the potential immune implications of egg penetration and discuss the long-term consequences for the host of unsuccessful egg transit, such as fibrosis, co-infection and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H. Costain
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hermelijn H. Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a serious but neglected tropical infectious disease, afflicting more than 240 million people in 78 countries. Lack of an effective vaccine and obscuring disease mechanism could be the main hurdles to effectively control and eradicate this disease. A better understanding of the host-schistosome interaction is the key to clearing these hurdles. Recently, accumulating evidence shows that alarmin cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators in the host-schistosome interaction. Alarmin cytokines are proven to be potent mechanisms driving type 2 immunity, which is the central disease mechanism of schistosomiasis. MiRNA deregulation is a hallmark of a variety of human diseases, including schistosomiasis. In this review, we summarize the research advances on the role of alarmin cytokines and miRNAs in the host-schistosome interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Tropical diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiqing Pan
- Department of Tropical diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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25
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TLR3 Modulates the Response of NK Cells against Schistosoma japonicum. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7519856. [PMID: 30246036 PMCID: PMC6136572 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7519856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are classic innate immune cells that play roles in many types of infectious diseases. NK cells possess many kinds of TLRs that allow them to sense and respond to invading pathogens. Our previous study found that NK cells could modulate the immune response induced by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) in C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, the role of TLRs in the progress of S. japonicum infection was investigated. Results showed that the expression of TLR3 on NK cells increased significantly after S. japonicum infection by using RT-PCR and FACS (P < 0.05). TLR3 agonist (Poly I:C) increased IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the supernatant of cultured splenocytes and induced a higher percentage of IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting NK cells from infected mouse splenocytes (P < 0.05). Not only the percentages of MHC II-, CD69-, and NKG2A/C/E-expressing cells but also the percentages of IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-17-producing cells in TLR3+ NK cells increased significantly after infection (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of NKG2A/C/E, NKG2D, MHC II, and CD69 on the surface of splenic NK cells was changed in S. japonicum-infected TLR3-/- (TLR3 KO mice, P < 0.05); the abilities of NK cells in IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 secretion were decreased too (P < 0.05). These results indicate that TLR3 is the primary molecule which modulates the activation and function of NK cells during the course of S. japonicum infection in C57BL/6 mice.
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26
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Sun Z, Chang B, Gao M, Zhang J, Zou Z. IL-33-ST2 Axis in Liver Disease: Progression and Challenge. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5314213. [PMID: 29180837 PMCID: PMC5664344 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5314213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The new member of the IL-1 family, interleukin-33 (IL-33), participates in the progression of a variety of diseases through binding with its receptor ST2. Recently, much clinical evidence and experimental data have indicated that IL-33 is associated with various liver diseases. This review primarily addresses the relationship between IL-33 and several hepatic diseases. IL-33 can alleviate high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and IL-33 acts as an alarmin, which quickly triggers the immune system to respond to virus invasion and toxic damage to the liver. However, when liver injury is chronic, IL-33 promotes Th2 reactions and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activity, facilitating progression to liver fibrosis. The complicated functions of IL-33 should be considered before its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Sun
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Binxia Chang
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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27
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Wang K, Shan S, Yang Z, Gu X, Wang Y, Wang C, Ren T. IL-33 blockade suppresses tumor growth of human lung cancer through direct and indirect pathways in a preclinical model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68571-68582. [PMID: 28978138 PMCID: PMC5620278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type in lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Our previous study unraveled a pro-cancer function of IL-33 in fueling outgrowth and metastasis of human NSCLC cells. Herein, we determined that interfere with IL-33 activity was an effective strategy for limiting NSCLC tumor growth using a preclinical model with human NSCLC xenografts. IL-33 blockade efficiently inhibited tumor growth of NSCLC xenografts in immune-deficient mice. Mechanistically, IL-33 blockade suppressed outgrowth capacity of human NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, IL-33 blockade abrogated polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and reduced accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor microenvironments, shaping functional immune surveillance. In NSCLC patients, IL-33 expressions were positively correlated with Ki-67 proliferation index and expressions of M2 TAM- and Teg-related genes. These findings identify IL-33 as a dual-functional factor in NSCLC pathogenesis and suggest IL-33 blockade as a promising therapeutic for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zongjun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women & Children Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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Yang Q, Qiu H, Xie H, Qi Y, Cha H, Qu J, Wang M, Feng Y, Ye X, Mu J, Huang J. A Schistosoma japonicum Infection Promotes the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Activating the JAK/STAT3 Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4716-4727. [PMID: 28476935 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous group of immune cells from the myeloid lineage, play an important part in suppression of host immune responses during many pathologic conditions, including cancer and infectious diseases. Thus, understanding the functional diversity of these cells as well as the underlying mechanisms is crucial for the development of disease control strategies. The role of MDSCs during Schistosoma japonicum infection, however, is not clear, and there is a lack of systematic study so far. In this study, we provide strong evidence that the soluble egg Ag (SEA) and schistosome worm Ag (SWA) of S. japonicum enhance the accumulation of MDSCs. Ag-induced MDSCs have more potent suppressive effects on T cell responses than do control MDSCs in both in vivo S. japonicum infection and in vitro SEA- and SWA-treated mouse bone marrow cells experiments. Interestingly, the enhanced suppressive activity of MDSCs by Ag administration was coupled with a dramatic induction of the NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox and was dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that the Ag effects are mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by the JAK inhibitor JSI-124 almost completely abolished the Ag effects on the MDSCs. In summary, this study sheds new light on the immune modulatory role of SEA and SWA and demonstrates that the expansion of MDSCs may be an important element of a cellular network regulating immune responses during S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Functional Experiment Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hefei Cha
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China; .,Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China; .,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
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29
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Zhang BB, Yan C, Fang F, Du Y, Ma R, Li XY, Yu Q, Meng D, Tang RX, Zheng KY. Increased hepatic Th2 and Treg subsets are associated with biliary fibrosis in different strains of mice caused by Clonorchis sinensis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171005. [PMID: 28151995 PMCID: PMC5289492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that CD4+T cells responses might be involved in the process of biliary fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism resulting in biliary fibrosis caused by Clonorchis sinensis remains not yet fully elucidated. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the different profiles of hepatic CD4+T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells) and their possible roles in the biliary fibrosis of different strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c and FVB mice) induced by C. sinensis infection. C57BL/6, BALB/c and FVB mice were orally gavaged with 45 metacercariae. All mice were sacrificed on 28 days post infection in deep anesthesia conditions. The leukocytes in the liver were separated to examine CD4+T cell subsets by flow cytometry and the left lobe of liver was used to observe pathological changes, collagen depositions and the concentrations of hydroxyproline. The most serious cystic and fibrotic changes appeared in FVB infected mice indicated by gross observation, Masson’s trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content detection. In contrast to C57BL/6 infected mice, diffuse nodules and more intensive fibrosis were observed in the BALB/c infected mice. No differences of the hepatic Th1 subset and Th17 subset were found among the three strains, but the hepatic Th2 and Treg cells and their relative cytokines were dramatically increased in the BALB/c and FVB infected groups compared with the C57BL/6 infected group (P<0.01). Importantly, increased Th2 subset and Treg subset all positively correlated with hydroxyproline contents (P<0.01). This result for the first time implied that the increased hepatic Th2 and Treg cell subsets were likely to play potential roles in the formation of biliary fibrosis in C. sinensis-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Meng
- Departments of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (KYZ); (RXT)
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (KYZ); (RXT)
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