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Gigliotti G, Joshi R, Khalid A, Widmer D, Boccellino M, Viggiano D. Epigenetics, Microbiome and Personalized Medicine: Focus on Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8592. [PMID: 39201279 PMCID: PMC11354516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine, which involves modifying treatment strategies/drug dosages based on massive laboratory/imaging data, faces large statistical and study design problems. The authors believe that the use of continuous multidimensional data, such as those regarding gut microbiota, or binary multidimensional systems properly transformed into a continuous variable, such as the epigenetic clock, offer an advantageous scenario for the design of trials of personalized medicine. We will discuss examples focusing on kidney diseases, specifically on IgA nephropathy. While gut dysbiosis can provide a treatment strategy to restore the standard gut microbiota using probiotics, transforming epigenetic omics data into epigenetic clocks offers a promising tool for personalized acute and chronic kidney disease care. Epigenetic clocks involve a complex transformation of DNA methylome data into estimated biological age. These clocks can identify people at high risk of developing kidney problems even before symptoms appear. Some of the effects of both the epigenetic clock and microbiota on kidney diseases seem to be mediated by endothelial dysfunction. These "big data" (epigenetic clocks and microbiota) can help tailor treatment plans by pinpointing patients likely to experience rapid declines or those who might not need overly aggressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmi Joshi
- Department Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania, 81100 Naples, Italy; (R.J.); (A.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Anam Khalid
- Department Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania, 81100 Naples, Italy; (R.J.); (A.K.); (D.V.)
| | | | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, 81100 Naples, Italy
- Department Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link University, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania, 81100 Naples, Italy; (R.J.); (A.K.); (D.V.)
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2
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Shen J, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang H. Potential molecular mechanism of exercise reversing insulin resistance and improving neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1337442. [PMID: 38818523 PMCID: PMC11137309 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1337442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating nervous system disorders attributed to various conditions such as body aging, gene mutations, genetic factors, and immune system disorders. Prominent neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Insulin resistance refers to the inability of the peripheral and central tissues of the body to respond to insulin and effectively regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance has been observed in various neurodegenerative diseases and has been suggested to induce the occurrence, development, and exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have suggested that reversing insulin resistance may be a critical intervention for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Among the numerous measures available to improve insulin sensitivity, exercise is a widely accepted strategy due to its convenience, affordability, and significant impact on increasing insulin sensitivity. This review examines the association between neurodegenerative diseases and insulin resistance and highlights the molecular mechanisms by which exercise can reverse insulin resistance under these conditions. The focus was on regulating insulin resistance through exercise and providing practical ideas and suggestions for future research focused on exercise-induced insulin sensitivity in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Shen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianping Wang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Ribarič S. The Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Parkinson's Disease Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4358. [PMID: 38673943 PMCID: PMC11050090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have a significant health impact on a global scale. Epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical research underpins the assumption that insulin resistance and chronic inflammation contribute to the overlapping aetiologies of T2D and PD. This narrative review summarises the recent evidence on the contribution of T2D to the initiation and progression of PD brain pathology. It also briefly discusses the rationale and potential of alternative pharmacological interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Viggiano D. Mechanisms of Diabetic Nephropathy Not Mediated by Hyperglycemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6848. [PMID: 37959313 PMCID: PMC10650633 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by the appearance of progressive kidney damage, which may progress to end-stage kidney disease. The control of hyperglycemia is usually not sufficient to halt this progression. The kidney damage is quantitatively and qualitatively different in the two forms of diabetes; the typical nodular fibrosis (Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules) appears mostly in type 1 DM, whereas glomerulomegaly is primarily present in type 2 obese DM. An analysis of the different metabolites and hormones in type 1 and type 2 DM and their differential pharmacological treatments might be helpful to advance the hypotheses on the different histopathological patterns of the kidneys and their responses to sodium/glucose transporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Mei M, Liu M, Mei Y, Zhao J, Li Y. Sphingolipid metabolism in brain insulin resistance and neurological diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243132. [PMID: 37867511 PMCID: PMC10587683 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, as members of the large lipid family, are important components of plasma membrane. Sphingolipids participate in biological signal transduction to regulate various important physiological processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, senescence, and differentiation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that sphingolipids are strongly associated with glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, including peripheral insulin resistance and brain insulin resistance, is closely related to the occurrence and development of many metabolic diseases. In addition to metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes, brain insulin resistance is also involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, the specific mechanism of sphingolipids in brain insulin resistance has not been systematically summarized. This article reviews the involvement of sphingolipids in brain insulin resistance, highlighting the role and molecular biological mechanism of sphingolipid metabolism in cognitive dysfunctions and neuropathological abnormalities of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maochang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Administrative Office, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Ruiz-Pozo VA, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Cadena-Ullauri S, Frias-Toral E, Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Chapela S, Montalván M, Morales-López T, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. The Molecular Mechanisms of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3585. [PMID: 37630775 PMCID: PMC10458139 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative condition resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons. This neuronal loss leads to motor and non-motor neurological symptoms. Most PD cases are idiopathic, and no cure is available. Recently, it has been proposed that insulin resistance (IR) could be a central factor in PD development. IR has been associated with PD neuropathological features like α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy. These features are related to impaired neurological metabolism, neuronal death, and the aggravation of PD symptoms. Moreover, pharmacological options that involve insulin signaling improvement and dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic strategies have been under development. These drugs could prevent the metabolic pathways involved in neuronal damage. All these approaches could improve PD outcomes. Also, new biomarker identification may allow for an earlier PD diagnosis in high-risk individuals. This review describes the main pathways implicated in PD development involving IR. Also, it presents several therapeutic options that are directed at insulin signaling improvement and could be used in PD treatment. The understanding of IR molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative development could enhance PD therapeutic options and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana A Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABE, Argentina
- Equipo de Soporte Nutricional, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1280AEB, Argentina
| | - Martha Montalván
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 091952, Ecuador
| | - Tania Morales-López
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
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Kakoty V, Kc S, Kumari S, Yang CH, Dubey SK, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P, Taliyan R. Brain insulin resistance linked Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathology: An undying implication of epigenetic and autophagy modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:699-716. [PMID: 36952096 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In metabolic syndrome, dysregulated signalling activity of the insulin receptor pathway in the brain due to persistent insulin resistance (IR) condition in the periphery may lead to brain IR (BIR) development. BIR causes an upsurge in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, increased amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, hyperphosphorylation of tau, aggravated formation of Aβ oligomers and simultaneously neurofibrillary tangle formation, all of which are believed to be direct contributors in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology. Likewise, for Parkinson's Disease (PD), BIR is associated with alpha-synuclein alterations, dopamine loss in brain areas which ultimately succumbs towards the appearance of classical motor symptoms corresponding to the typical PD phenotype. Modulation of the autophagy process for clearing misfolded proteins and alteration in histone proteins to alleviate disease progression in BIR-linked AD and PD have recently evolved as a research hotspot, as the majority of the autophagy-related proteins are believed to be regulated by histone posttranslational modifications. Hence, this review will provide a timely update on the possible mechanism(s) converging towards BIR induce AD and PD. Further, emphasis on the potential epigenetic regulation of autophagy that can be effectively targeted for devising a complete therapeutic cure for BIR-induced AD and PD will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violina Kakoty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarathlal Kc
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Shobha Kumari
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India.
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
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8
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Actions and Consequences of Insulin in the Striatum. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030518. [PMID: 36979453 PMCID: PMC10046598 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin crosses the blood–brain barrier to enter the brain from the periphery. In the brain, insulin has well-established actions in the hypothalamus, as well as at the level of mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Notably, insulin also acts in the striatum, which shows abundant expression of insulin receptors (InsRs) throughout. These receptors are found on interneurons and striatal projections neurons, as well as on glial cells and dopamine axons. A striking functional consequence of insulin elevation in the striatum is promoting an increase in stimulated dopamine release. This boosting of dopamine release involves InsRs on cholinergic interneurons, and requires activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopamine axons. Opposing this dopamine-enhancing effect, insulin also increases dopamine uptake through the action of insulin at InsRs on dopamine axons. Insulin acts on other striatal cells as well, including striatal projection neurons and astrocytes that also influence dopaminergic transmission and striatal function. Linking these cellular findings to behavior, striatal insulin signaling is required for the development of flavor–nutrient learning, implicating insulin as a reward signal in the brain. In this review, we discuss these and other actions of insulin in the striatum, including how they are influenced by diet and other physio-logical states.
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Faizan M, Sarkar A, Singh MP. Type 2 diabetes mellitus augments Parkinson's disease risk or the other way around: Facts, challenges and future possibilities. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101727. [PMID: 36038113 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
About 10% of the adult population is living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 1% of the population over 60 years of age is suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). A school of thought firmly believes that T2DM, an age-related disease, augments PD risk. Such relationship is reflected from the severity of PD symptoms in drug naive subjects possessing T2DM. Onset of Parkinsonian feature in case controls possessing T2DM corroborates the role of hyperglycemia in PD. A few cohort, meta-analysis and animal studies have shown an increased PD risk owing to insulin resistance. High fat diet and role of insulin signaling in the regulation of sugar metabolism, oxidative stress, α-synuclein aggregation and accumulation, inflammatory response and mitochondrial function in PD models and sporadic PD further connect the two. Although little is reported about the implication of PD in hyperglycemia and T2DM, a few studies have also contradicted. Ameliorative effect of anti-diabetic drugs on Parkinsonian symptoms and vague outcome of anti-PD medications in T2DM patients also suggest a link. The article reviews the literature supporting augmented risk of one by the other, analysis of proof of the concept, facts, challenges, future possibilities and standpoint on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizan
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alika Sarkar
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Lv YQ, Yuan L, Sun Y, Dou HW, Su JH, Hou ZP, Li JY, Li W. Long-term hyperglycemia aggravates α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neuronal loss in a Parkinson’s disease mouse model. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 35255986 PMCID: PMC8900445 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Growing evidence suggests an association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). At the cellular level, long-term elevated levels of glucose have been shown to lead to nigrostriatal degeneration in PD models. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Previously, we have elucidated the potential of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in facilitating PD progression, involving aggregation of both alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and islet amyloid polypeptide in the pancreatic and brain tissues. However, due to the complicated effect of insulin resistance on PD onset, the actual mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced dopaminergic degeneration remains unknown.
Methods
We employed the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection in a transgenic mouse line (BAC-α-syn-GFP) overexpressing human α-syn, to investigate the direct effect of elevated blood glucose on nigrostriatal degeneration.
Results
STZ treatment induced more severe pathological alterations in the pancreatic islets and T1DM symptoms in α-syn-overexpressing mice than in wild-type mice, at one month and three months after STZ injections. Behavioral tests evaluating motor performance confirmed the nigrostriatal degeneration. Furthermore, there was a marked decrease in dopaminergic profiles and an increase of α-syn accumulation and Serine 129 (S129) phosphorylation in STZ-treated α-syn mice compared with the vehicle-treated mice. In addition, more severe neuroinflammation was observed in the brains of the STZ-treated α-syn mice.
Conclusion
Our results solidify the potential link between DM and PD, providing insights into how hyperglycemia induces nigrostriatal degeneration and contributes to pathogenic mechanisms in PD.
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Huang R, Gao Y, Chen J, Duan Q, He P, Zhang J, Huang H, Zhang Q, Ma G, Zhang Y, Nie K, Wang L. TGR5 agonist INT-777 alleviates inflammatory neurodegeneration in parkinson’s disease mouse model by modulating mitochondrial dynamics in microglia. Neuroscience 2022; 490:100-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shabir O, Moll TA, Matuszyk MM, Eyre B, Dake MD, Berwick J, Francis SE. Preclinical models of disease and multimorbidity with focus upon cardiovascular disease and dementia. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Xu Y, Zhao XM, Liu J, Wang YY, Xiong LL, He XY, Wang TH. Complexin I knockout rats exhibit a complex neurobehavioral phenotype including profound ataxia and marked deficits in lifespan. Pflugers Arch 2019; 472:117-133. [PMID: 31875236 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complexin I (CPLX1), a presynaptic small molecule protein, forms SNARE complex in the central nervous system involved in the anchoring, pre-excitation, and fusion of axonal end vesicles. Abnormal expression of CPLX1 occurs in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders that exhibit disrupted neurobehaviors. CPLX1 gene knockout induces severe ataxia and social behavioral deficits in mice, which has been poorly demonstrated. Here, to address the limitations of single-species models and to provide translational insights relevant to human diseases, we used CPLX1 knockout rats to further explore the function of the CPLX1 gene. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was adopted to generate CPLX1 knockout rats (CPLX1-/-). Then, we characterized the survival rate and behavioral phenotype of CPLX1-/- rats using behavioral analysis. To further explain this phenomenon, we performed blood glucose testing, Nissl staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Golgi staining. We found that CPLX1-/- rats showed profound ataxia, dystonia, movement and exploratory deficits, and increased anxiety and sensory deficits but had normal cognitive function. Nevertheless, CPLX1-/- rats could swim without training. The abnormal histomorphology of the stomach and intestine were related to decreased weight and early death in these rats. Decreased dendritic branching was also found in spinal motor neurons in CPLX1-/- rats. In conclusion, CPLX1 gene knockout induced the abnormal histomorphology of the stomach and intestine and decreased dendritic branching in spinal motor neurons, causing different phenotypes between CPLX1-/- rats and mice, even though both of these phenotypes showed profound ataxia. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the role of CPLX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiu-Ying He
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Gallardo-Orihuela A, Hervás-Corpión I, Hierro-Bujalance C, Sanchez-Sotano D, Jiménez-Gómez G, Mora-López F, Campos-Caro A, Garcia-Alloza M, Valor LM. Transcriptional correlates of the pathological phenotype in a Huntington's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18696. [PMID: 31822756 PMCID: PMC6904489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder without a cure that is caused by an aberrant expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Although a negative correlation between the number of CAG repeats and the age of disease onset is established, additional factors may contribute to the high heterogeneity of the complex manifestation of symptoms among patients. This variability is also observed in mouse models, even under controlled genetic and environmental conditions. To better understand this phenomenon, we analysed the R6/1 strain in search of potential correlates between pathological motor/cognitive phenotypical traits and transcriptional alterations. HD-related genes (e.g., Penk, Plk5, Itpka), despite being downregulated across the examined brain areas (the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum), exhibited tissue-specific correlations with particular phenotypical traits that were attributable to the contribution of the brain region to that trait (e.g., striatum and rotarod performance, cerebellum and feet clasping). Focusing on the striatum, we determined that the transcriptional dysregulation associated with HD was partially exacerbated in mice that showed poor overall phenotypical scores, especially in genes with relevant roles in striatal functioning (e.g., Pde10a, Drd1, Drd2, Ppp1r1b). However, we also observed transcripts associated with relatively better outcomes, such as Nfya (CCAAT-binding transcription factor NF-Y subunit A) plus others related to neuronal development, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that altered brain transcription can be related to the manifestation of HD-like symptoms in mouse models and that this can be extrapolated to the highly heterogeneous population of HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gallardo-Orihuela
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irati Hervás-Corpión
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Sotano
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Mora-López
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis M Valor
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain. .,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
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15
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Analysis of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 2019:4951379. [PMID: 31871617 PMCID: PMC6906831 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4951379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the early sixties, a discussion started regarding the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Today, this potential relationship is still a matter of debate. This review aims to analyze both diseases concerning causal relationships and treatments. A total of 104 articles were found, and studies on animal and “in vitro” models showed that T2DM causes neurological alterations that may be associated with PD, such as deregulation of the dopaminergic system, a decrease in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), an increase in the expression of phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PED/PEA-15), and neuroinflammation, as well as acceleration of the formation of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibrils. In addition, clinical studies described that Parkinson's symptoms were notably worse after the onset of T2DM, and seven deregulated genes were identified in the DNA of T2DM and PD patients. Regarding treatment, the action of antidiabetic drugs, especially incretin mimetic agents, seems to confer certain degree of neuroprotection to PD patients. In conclusion, the available evidence on the interaction between T2DM and PD justifies more robust clinical trials exploring this interaction especially the clinical management of patients with both conditions.
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16
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Fiory F, Perruolo G, Cimmino I, Cabaro S, Pignalosa FC, Miele C, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Oriente F. The Relevance of Insulin Action in the Dopaminergic System. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:868. [PMID: 31474827 PMCID: PMC6706784 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in medicine, together with lifestyle modifications, led to a rising life expectancy. Unfortunately, however, aging is accompanied by an alarming boost of age-associated chronic pathologies, including neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Interestingly, a non-negligible interplay between alterations of glucose homeostasis and brain dysfunction has clearly emerged. In particular, epidemiological studies have pointed out a possible association between Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Insulin resistance, one of the major hallmark for etiology of T2D, has a detrimental influence on PD, negatively affecting PD phenotype, accelerating its progression and worsening cognitive impairment. This review aims to provide an exhaustive analysis of the most recent evidences supporting the key role of insulin resistance in PD pathogenesis. It will focus on the relevance of insulin in the brain, working as pro-survival neurotrophic factor and as a master regulator of neuronal mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Insulin action as a modulator of dopamine signaling and of alpha-synuclein degradation will be described in details, too. The intriguing idea that shared deregulated pathogenic pathways represent a link between PD and insulin resistance has clinical and therapeutic implications. Thus, ongoing studies about the promising healing potential of common antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, exenatide, DPP IV inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and bromocriptine, will be summarized and the rationale for their use to decelerate neurodegeneration will be critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiory
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiara Pignalosa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Lissouba A, Liao M, Kabashi E, Drapeau P. Transcriptomic Analysis of Zebrafish TDP-43 Transgenic Lines. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:463. [PMID: 30618614 PMCID: PMC6301209 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle atrophy with spasticity and eventual death in 3-5 years after the disease onset. More than 50 mutations linked to ALS have been found in the gene TARDBP, encoding the protein TDP-43 that is the predominant component of neuronal inclusions in ALS. TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein with glycine-rich domains that binds to more than 6,000 RNAs in the human brain. However, ALS-related mutations do not appear to affect the function of these genes, indicating that a toxic gain-of-function may occur. We generated transgenic zebrafish lines expressing human TDP-43, either the wild-type form or the ALS-causative G348C mutation identified in a subset of ALS patients, with the transgene expression driven by an inducible heat shock promoter in order to bypass a potential early mortality. The expression of the mutant but not the wild-type human TDP-43 in zebrafish embryos induced a reduction of the locomotor activity in response to touch compared to controls and moderate axonopathy of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, with premature branching of the main axonal branch, recapitulating previous results obtained by mRNA injections. We used these lines to investigate transcriptomic changes due to the presence of mutant TDP-43 using RNA sequencing and have found 159 genes that are differentially expressed compared to control, with 67 genes up-regulated and 92 genes down-regulated. These transcriptomic changes are in line with recent transcriptomic data obtained in mouse models, indicating that these zebrafish transgenic lines are adequate to further study TDP-43-related ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lissouba
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Research Center of the University of Montréal Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Meijiang Liao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Research Center of the University of Montréal Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Edor Kabashi
- UMR CNRS 1127, UPMC INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université Paris VI, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, UMR INSERM 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Research Center of the University of Montréal Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Fiory F, Mirra P, Nigro C, Pignalosa FC, Zatterale F, Ulianich L, Prevete N, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. Role of the HIF-1α/Nur77 axis in the regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase expression by insulin in PC12 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11861-11870. [PMID: 30536670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), catalyzing the conversion of tyrosine into l-DOPA, is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Defects in insulin action contribute to alterations of TH expression and/or activity in the brain and insulin increases TH levels in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated neuronal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of TH by insulin have not been elucidated yet. Using PC12 cells, we show for the first time that insulin increases TH expression in a biphasic manner, with a transient peak at 2 hr and a delayed response at 16 hr, which persists for up to 24 hr. The use of a dominant negative hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and its pharmacological inhibitor chetomin, together with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments for the specific binding to TH promoter, demonstrate the direct role of HIF-1α in the early phase. Moreover, ChIP experiments and transfection of a dominant negative of the nerve growth factor IB (Nur77) indicate the involvement of Nur77 in the late phase insulin response, which is mediated by HIF-1α. In conclusion, the present study shows that insulin regulates TH expression through HIF-1α and Nur77 in PC12 cells, supporting the critical role of insulin signaling in maintaining an appropriate dopaminergic tone by regulating TH expression in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiory
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Mirra
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiara Pignalosa
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ulianich
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Vastolo V, Nettore IC, Ciccarelli M, Albano L, Raciti GA, Longo M, Beguinot F, Ungaro P. High-fat diet unveils an enhancer element at the Ped/Pea-15 gene responsible for epigenetic memory in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2018; 87:70-79. [PMID: 29928894 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of nutrition on the evolution towards type 2 diabetes has recently received increasing attention because of the effect on chromatin structure and gene expression. PURPOSE Evaluate the effect of high-fat diet on chromatin remodelling and expression of Ped/Pea-15, a gene commonly overexpressed in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS We used mouse and cell models to investigate Ped/Pea-15 transcriptional regulation by high-fat diet and glucose, respectively. Chromatin structure and histone modification marks were assessed by Micrococcal Nuclease Protection and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Sixteen-week exposure of C57BL/6J mice to a high-fat diet impaired glucose tolerance and enhanced Ped/Pea-15 expression in their skeletal muscle tissue. This effect was associated with increased chromatin accessibility at specific regulatory sites at the Ped/Pea-15 gene. In particular, the region at -1900 to -1300 bp from Ped/Pea-15 transcription start site was revealed to feature enhancer activity as demonstrated by its function in the luciferase assay, increased p300 recruitment and H3K4me1 and H3K27Ac levels, all marks of functionally active enhancers. Returning mice to a standard chow diet was accompanied by rapid loss of acetylation of K27 on histone H3 and p300 recruitment at Ped/Pea-15. In contrast, the increased H3K4me1, which accompanied the high-fat diet exposure, remained stable. Incubation of muscle cells in culture medium supplemented with 25 mM glucose (HG) increased Ped/Pea-15 mRNA expression and H3K4me1 at the enhancer region. These effects became measurable upon 72 h of exposure to the HG medium and were not rescued upon returning the cells to the 5 mM glucose-containing medium. Interestingly, after 25 mM and sequential 5 mM glucose treatments, re-exposure of the same cells to HG medium further enhanced Ped/Pea-15 expression and increased H3K4me1 above the levels induced by the initial HG challenge already upon 24 h. CONCLUSION Transient exposure to HFD or HG unveiled the presence of an enhancer element at the Ped/Pea-15 gene. Epigenetic changes imposed at this region by diets, which impair glucose tolerance generate metabolic memory of the nutritional injury and leave Ped/Pea-15 induction in a poised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Vastolo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR/Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cristina Nettore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Ciccarelli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR/Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Albano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR/Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR/Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR/Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR/Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Ungaro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes-IEOS, CNR/Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University Medical School of Napoli, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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20
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Post-treatment with PT302, a long-acting Exendin-4 sustained release formulation, reduces dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a 6-Hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10722. [PMID: 30013201 PMCID: PMC6048117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that pretreatment with Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reduces 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) -mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The use of GLP-1 or Exendin-4 for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is limited by their short half-lives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new extended release Exendin-4 formulation, PT302, in a rat model of PD. Subcutaneous administration of PT302 resulted in sustained elevations of Exendin-4 in plasma for >20 days in adult rats. To define an efficacious dose within this range, rats were administered PT302 once every 2 weeks either before or following the unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning. Pre- and post-treatment with PT302 significantly reduced methamphetamine-induced rotation after lesioning. For animals given PT302 post lesion, blood and brain samples were collected on day 47 for measurements of plasma Exendin-4 levels and brain tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR). PT302 significantly increased TH-IR in the lesioned substantia nigra and striatum. There was a significant correlation between plasma Exendin-4 levels and TH-IR in the substantia nigra and striatum on the lesioned side. Our data suggest that post-treatment with PT302 provides long-lasting Exendin-4 release and reduces neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD at a clinically relevant dose.
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Lissouba A, Liao M, Kabashi E, Drapeau P. Transcriptomic Analysis of Zebrafish TDP-43 Transgenic Lines. Front Mol Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 30618614 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00463.ecollection2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle atrophy with spasticity and eventual death in 3-5 years after the disease onset. More than 50 mutations linked to ALS have been found in the gene TARDBP, encoding the protein TDP-43 that is the predominant component of neuronal inclusions in ALS. TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein with glycine-rich domains that binds to more than 6,000 RNAs in the human brain. However, ALS-related mutations do not appear to affect the function of these genes, indicating that a toxic gain-of-function may occur. We generated transgenic zebrafish lines expressing human TDP-43, either the wild-type form or the ALS-causative G348C mutation identified in a subset of ALS patients, with the transgene expression driven by an inducible heat shock promoter in order to bypass a potential early mortality. The expression of the mutant but not the wild-type human TDP-43 in zebrafish embryos induced a reduction of the locomotor activity in response to touch compared to controls and moderate axonopathy of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, with premature branching of the main axonal branch, recapitulating previous results obtained by mRNA injections. We used these lines to investigate transcriptomic changes due to the presence of mutant TDP-43 using RNA sequencing and have found 159 genes that are differentially expressed compared to control, with 67 genes up-regulated and 92 genes down-regulated. These transcriptomic changes are in line with recent transcriptomic data obtained in mouse models, indicating that these zebrafish transgenic lines are adequate to further study TDP-43-related ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lissouba
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Research Center of the University of Montréal Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Meijiang Liao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Research Center of the University of Montréal Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Edor Kabashi
- UMR CNRS 1127, UPMC INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université Paris VI, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, UMR INSERM 1163, Hospital Necker-Enfants, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Research Center of the University of Montréal Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Protective effects of the GLP-1 mimetic exendin-4 in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:260-270. [PMID: 28927992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the potential role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists as neuroprotective treatments in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease following the publication of the results of the Exenatide-PD trial. Of the current GLP-1 receptor agonists already licensed to treat Type 2 diabetes several including exenatide, liraglutide and lixisenatide are the subject of ongoing clinical trials in PD. The underlying rationale for using drugs licensed and effective for T2DM in PD patients therefore needs to be scrutinized, and the results obtained to date critically reviewed. We review the relationship between insulin resistance and Parkinson's disease, the implications on pathogenesis and the efforts to reposition GLP-1 agonists as potential treatments for Parkinson's disease and give an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of exenatide in Parkinson's disease with a discussion regarding possible mechanisms of action. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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23
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FU ZHENRONG, LIN LAN, TIAN MIAO, WANG JINGXUAN, ZHANG BAIWEN, CHU PINGPING, LI SHAOWU, PATHAN MUHAMMADMOHSIN, DENG YULIN, WU SHUICAI. Evaluation of five diffeomorphic image registration algorithms for mouse brain magnetic resonance microscopy. J Microsc 2017; 268:141-154. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZHENRONG FU
- Biomedical Engineering Department; College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - LAN LIN
- Biomedical Engineering Department; College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - MIAO TIAN
- Biomedical Engineering Department; College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - JINGXUAN WANG
- Biomedical Engineering Department; College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - BAIWEN ZHANG
- Biomedical Engineering Department; College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - PINGPING CHU
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - SHAOWU LI
- Neuroimaging Centre; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Beijing China
| | - MUHAMMAD MOHSIN PATHAN
- Biomedical Engineering Department; College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - YULIN DENG
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - SHUICAI WU
- Biomedical Engineering Department; College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
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Athauda D, Foltynie T. Insulin resistance and Parkinson's disease: A new target for disease modification? Prog Neurobiol 2016; 145-146:98-120. [PMID: 27713036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that patients with Type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease and share similar dysregulated pathways suggesting common underlying pathological mechanisms. Historically insulin was thought solely to be a peripherally acting hormone responsible for glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. However accumulating evidence indicates insulin can cross the blood-brain-barrier and influence a multitude of processes in the brain including regulating neuronal survival and growth, dopaminergic transmission, maintenance of synapses and pathways involved in cognition. In conjunction, there is growing evidence that a process analogous to peripheral insulin resistance occurs in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients, even in those without diabetes. This raises the possibility that defective insulin signalling pathways may contribute to the development of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease, and thereby suggests that the insulin signalling pathway may potentially be a novel target for disease modification. Given these growing links between PD and Type 2 diabetes it is perhaps not unsurprising that drugs used the treatment of T2DM are amongst the most promising treatments currently being prioritised for repositioning as possible novel treatments for PD and several clinical trials are under way. In this review, we will examine the underlying cellular links between insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of PD and then we will assess current and future pharmacological strategies being developed to restore neuronal insulin signalling as a potential strategy for slowing neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Athauda
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
| | - T Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
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