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García-Núñez A, Jiménez-Gómez G, Hidalgo-Molina A, Córdoba-Doña JA, León-Jiménez A, Campos-Caro A. Inflammatory indices obtained from routine blood tests show an inflammatory state associated with disease progression in engineered stone silicosis patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8211. [PMID: 35581230 PMCID: PMC9114118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with silicosis caused by occupational exposure to engineered stone (ES) present a rapid progression from simple silicosis (SS) to progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Patient classification follows international rules based on radiology and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), but limited studies, if any, have explored biomarkers from routine clinical tests that can be used as predictors of disease status. Our objective was thus to investigate circulating biomarker levels and systemic inflammatory indices in ES silicosis patients whose exposure to ES dust ended several years ago. Ninety-one adult men, ex-workers in the manufacturing of ES, 53 diagnosed with SS and 38 with PMF, and 22 healthy male volunteers (HC) as controls not exposed to ES dust, were recruited. The following circulating levels of biomarkers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE), protein C reactive (PCR), rheumatoid factor, alkaline phosphatase and fibrinogen were obtained from clinical reports after being measured from blood samples. As biochemical markers, only LDH (HC = 262 ± 48.1; SS = 315.4 ± 65.4; PMF = 337.6 ± 79.3 U/L), ACE (HC = 43.1 ± 18.4; SS = 78.2 ± 27.2; PMF = 86.1 ± 23.7 U/L) and fibrinogen (HC = 182.3 ± 49.1; SS = 212.2 ± 43.5; PMF = 256 ± 77.3 U/L) levels showed a significant sequential increase, not been observed for the rest of biomarkers, in the HC → SS → PMF direction. Moreover, several systemic inflammation indices neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) derived from whole blood cell counts showed significant differences between the HC, SS and PMF groups. All these biomarkers were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the results provided moderately high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between ES silicosis patient groups and healthy controls. Our study reveals that some inflammatory biomarkers, easily available from routine blood analysis, are present in ES silicosis patients even several years after cessation of exposure to ES silica dust and they could help to know the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Núñez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009, Cádiz, Spain.,Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez-Gómez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009, Cádiz, Spain.,Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Hidalgo-Molina
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009, Cádiz, Spain.,Pulmonology, Allergy and Thoracic Surgery Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Córdoba-Doña
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Jerez University Hospital, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Antonio León-Jiménez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009, Cádiz, Spain.,Pulmonology, Allergy and Thoracic Surgery Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009, Cádiz, Spain. .,Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009, Cádiz, Spain. .,Genetics Area, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
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Gómez-Jaramillo L, Cano-Cano F, Campos-Caro A, Álcala M, Álvarez-Gallego F, Arroba AI, Aguilar-Diosdado M. Adult kidney explants is a physiologic model for studying diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2022; 300:120575. [PMID: 35472452 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the early stages of the disease. In vitro approach using cell lines help to understand the mechanisms involves and allow the molecular and biochemical processes. Adult kidney (AK) explants remain an essential instrument for advancing our understanding of the molecular and cellular regulation of signalling pathways from an organotipic view with physiological system interaction integrated. AK explants from T1DM animal model (BB rat) are obtained by slicing central kidney area preserving the organ's cytoarchitecture and reproduce the classical events detected during the DN in an in vivo model such as inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes by the modulation of a-SMA and e-Cadherin among others which have been determined by qRT-PCR, western-blot and immunohistochemistry. In this regard, AK explants reproduce the signalling pathways involve in DN progression (proinflammatory NFkB and inflammasome complex). This work demonstrates AK explants is a physiological experimental approach for studying the development and progression of DN. Furthermore, the inflammatory processes in AK explants under a diabetic environment and/or BB rats could be modulated by potential treatments for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Jaramillo
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Fátima Cano-Cano
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain; Área de Genética, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Martín Álcala
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fabiola Álvarez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
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3
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Hervás-Corpión I, Gallardo-Orihuela A, Catalina-Fernández I, Iglesias-Lozano I, Soto-Torres O, Geribaldi-Doldán N, Domínguez-García S, Luna-García N, Romero-García R, Mora-López F, Iriarte-Gahete M, Morales JC, Campos-Caro A, Castro C, Gil-Salú JL, Valor LM. Potential Diagnostic Value of the Differential Expression of Histone H3 Variants between Low- and High-Grade Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215261. [PMID: 34771425 PMCID: PMC8582563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive form of glioma and is characterized by poor prognosis and high recurrence despite intensive clinical interventions. To retrieve the key factors underlying the high malignancy of GB with potential diagnosis utility, we combined the analysis of The Cancer Gene Atlas and the REMBRANDT datasets plus a molecular examination of our own collection of surgical tumor resections. We determined a net reduction in the levels of the non-canonical histone H3 variant H3.3 in GB compared to lower-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas with a concomitant increase in the levels of the canonical histone H3 variants H3.1/H3.2. This increase can be potentially useful in the clinical diagnosis of high-grade gliomas, as evidenced by an immunohistochemistry screening of our cohort and can be at least partially explained by the induction of multiple histone genes encoding these canonical forms. Moreover, GBs showing low bulk levels of the H3.1/H3.2 proteins were more transcriptionally similar to low-grade gliomas than GBs showing high levels of H3.1/H3.2. In conclusion, this study identifies an imbalanced ratio between the H3 variants associated with glioma malignancy and molecular patterns relevant to the biology of gliomas, and proposes the examination of the H3.3 and H3.1/H3.2 levels to further refine diagnosis of low- and high-grade gliomas in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Hervás-Corpión
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrea Gallardo-Orihuela
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Catalina-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irene Iglesias-Lozano
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Olga Soto-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nuria Luna-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Raquel Romero-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Mora-López
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marianela Iriarte-Gahete
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jorge C. Morales
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Área de Genética, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José L. Gil-Salú
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis M. Valor
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (A.G.-O.); (I.C.-F.); (I.I.-L.); (O.S.-T.); (N.G.-D.); (S.D.-G.); (N.L.-G.); (R.R.-G.); (F.M.-L.); (M.I.-G.); (J.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (C.C.); (J.L.G.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Av. Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-913-988
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4
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Lorenzo PI, Martin Vazquez E, López-Noriega L, Fuente-Martín E, Mellado-Gil JM, Franco JM, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Guerrero Martínez JA, Romero-Zerbo SY, Perez-Cabello JA, Rivero Canalejo S, Campos-Caro A, Lachaud CC, Crespo Barreda A, Aguilar-Diosdado M, García Fuentes E, Martin-Montalvo A, Álvarez Dolado M, Martin F, Rojo-Martinez G, Pozo D, Bérmudez-Silva FJ, Comaills V, Reyes JC, Gauthier BR. The metabesity factor HMG20A potentiates astrocyte survival and reactive astrogliosis preserving neuronal integrity. Theranostics 2021; 11:6983-7004. [PMID: 34093866 PMCID: PMC8171100 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: We recently demonstrated that the 'Metabesity' factor HMG20A regulates islet beta-cell functional maturity and adaptation to physiological stress such as pregnancy and pre-diabetes. HMG20A also dictates central nervous system (CNS) development via inhibition of the LSD1-CoREST complex but its expression pattern and function in adult brain remains unknown. Herein we sought to determine whether HMG20A is expressed in the adult CNS, specifically in hypothalamic astrocytes that are key in glucose homeostasis and whether similar to islets, HMG20A potentiates astrocyte function in response to environmental cues. Methods: HMG20A expression profile was assessed by quantitative PCR (QT-PCR), Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence in: 1) the hypothalamus of mice exposed or not to either a high-fat diet or a high-fat high-sucrose regimen, 2) human blood leukocytes and adipose tissue obtained from healthy or diabetic individuals and 3) primary mouse hypothalamic astrocytes exposed to either high glucose or palmitate. RNA-seq and cell metabolic parameters were performed on astrocytes treated or not with a siHMG20A. Astrocyte-mediated neuronal survival was evaluated using conditioned media from siHMG20A-treated astrocytes. The impact of ORY1001, an inhibitor of the LSD1-CoREST complex, on HMG20A expression, reactive astrogliosis and glucose metabolism was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in high-fat high-sucrose fed mice. Results: We show that Hmg20a is predominantly expressed in hypothalamic astrocytes, the main nutrient-sensing cell type of the brain. HMG20A expression was upregulated in diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerant mice, correlating with increased transcript levels of Gfap and Il1b indicative of inflammation and reactive astrogliosis. Hmg20a transcript levels were also increased in adipose tissue of obese non-diabetic individuals as compared to obese diabetic patients. HMG20A silencing in astrocytes resulted in repression of inflammatory, cholesterol biogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways which are hallmarks of reactive astrogliosis. Accordingly, HMG20A depleted astrocytes exhibited reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Neuron viability was also hindered in HMG20A-depleted astrocyte-derived conditioned media. ORY1001 treatment rescued expression of reactive astrogliosis-linked genes in HMG20A ablated astrocytes while enhancing cell surface area, GFAP intensity and STAT3 expression in healthy astrocytes, mimicking the effect of HMG20A. Furthermore, ORY1001 treatment protected against obesity-associated glucose intolerance in mice correlating with a regression of hypothalamic HMG20A expression, indicative of reactive astrogliosis attenuation with improved health status. Conclusion: HMG20A coordinates the astrocyte polarization state. Under physiological pressure such as obesity and insulin resistance that induces low grade inflammation, HMG20A expression is increased to induce reactive astrogliosis in an attempt to preserve the neuronal network and re-establish glucose homeostasis. Nonetheless, a chronic metabesity state or functional mutations will result in lower levels of HMG20A, failure to promote reactive astrogliosis and increase susceptibility of neurons to stress-induced apoptosis. Such effects could be reversed by ORY1001 treatment both in vitro and in vivo, paving the way for a new therapeutic approach for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra I. Lorenzo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martin Vazquez
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Fuente-Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Mellado-Gil
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime M. Franco
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José A. Guerrero Martínez
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvana Y. Romero-Zerbo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Perez-Cabello
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Sabrina Rivero Canalejo
- Department of Normal and Pathological Histology and Cytology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- University Hospital “Puerta del Mar”, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Christian Claude Lachaud
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandra Crespo Barreda
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- University Hospital “Puerta del Mar”, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, University Hospital “Puerta del Mar”, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Eduardo García Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Álvarez Dolado
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Franz Martin
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Bérmudez-Silva
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José C. Reyes
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Cano-Cano F, Alcalde-Estévez E, Gómez-Jaramillo L, Iturregui M, Sánchez-Fernández EM, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Campos-Caro A, López-Tinoco C, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Valverde ÁM, Arroba AI. Anti-Inflammatory (M2) Response Is Induced by a sp 2-Iminosugar Glycolipid Sulfoxide in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632132. [PMID: 33815384 PMCID: PMC8013727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and is directly associated with inflammatory processes. Currently, neuro-inflammation is considered an early event in DR and proceeds via microglia polarization. A hallmark of DR is the presence of retinal reactive gliosis. Here we report the beneficial effect of (SS,1R)-1-docecylsulfiny-5N,6O-oxomethylidenenojirimycin ((Ss)-DS-ONJ), a member of the sp2-iminosugar glycolipid (sp2-IGL) family, by decreasing iNOS and inflammasome activation in Bv.2 microglial cells exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Moreover, pretreatment with (Ss)-DS-ONJ increased Heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 as well as interleukin 10 (IL10) expression in LPS-stimulated microglial cells, thereby promoting M2 (anti-inflammatory) response by the induction of Arginase-1. The results strongly suggest that this is the likely molecular mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of (SS)-DS-ONJ in microglia. (SS)-DS-ONJ further reduced gliosis in retinal explants from type 1 diabetic BB rats, which is consistent with the enhanced M2 response. In conclusion, targeting microglia polarization dynamics in M2 status by compounds with anti-inflammatory activities offers promising therapeutic interventions at early stages of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Cano-Cano
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez-Jaramillo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marta Iturregui
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.,Área Genética, Dpto. Biomedicina Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Tinoco
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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6
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Pfeiffer S, Sánchez-Lechuga B, Donovan P, Halang L, Prehn JHM, Campos-Caro A, Byrne MM, López-Tinoco C. Circulating miR-330-3p in Late Pregnancy is Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes Among Lean Women with GDM. Sci Rep 2020; 10:908. [PMID: 31969632 PMCID: PMC6976655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterised by insulin resistance accompanied by reduced beta-cell compensation to increased insulin demand, typically observed in the second and third trimester and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is a need for a biomarker that can accurately monitor status and predict outcome in GDM, reducing foetal-maternal morbidity and mortality risks. To this end, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) present themselves as promising candidates, stably expressed in serum and known to play crucial roles in regulation of glucose metabolism. We analysed circulating miRNA profiles in a cohort of GDM patients (n = 31) and nondiabetic controls (n = 29) during the third trimester for miRNA associated with insulin-secretory defects and glucose homeostasis. We identified miR-330-3p as being significantly upregulated in lean women with GDM compared to nondiabetic controls. Furthermore, increased levels of miR-330-3p were associated with better response to treatment (diet vs. insulin), with lower levels associated with exogenous insulin requirement. We observed miR-330-3p to be significantly related to the percentage of caesarean deliveries, with miR-330-3p expression significantly higher in spontaneously delivered GDM patients. We report this strong novel association of circulating miR-330-3p with risk of primary caesarean delivery as a pregnancy outcome linked with poor maternal glycaemic control, strengthening the growing body of evidence for roles of diabetes-associated miRNAs in glucose homeostasis and adaptation to the complex changes related to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Pfeiffer
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Begoña Sánchez-Lechuga
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paul Donovan
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Luise Halang
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria M Byrne
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland.,Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Cristina López-Tinoco
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.
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7
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Gallardo-Orihuela A, Hervás-Corpión I, Hierro-Bujalance C, Sanchez-Sotano D, Jiménez-Gómez G, Mora-López F, Campos-Caro A, Garcia-Alloza M, Valor LM. Transcriptional correlates of the pathological phenotype in a Huntington's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18696. [PMID: 31822756 PMCID: PMC6904489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder without a cure that is caused by an aberrant expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Although a negative correlation between the number of CAG repeats and the age of disease onset is established, additional factors may contribute to the high heterogeneity of the complex manifestation of symptoms among patients. This variability is also observed in mouse models, even under controlled genetic and environmental conditions. To better understand this phenomenon, we analysed the R6/1 strain in search of potential correlates between pathological motor/cognitive phenotypical traits and transcriptional alterations. HD-related genes (e.g., Penk, Plk5, Itpka), despite being downregulated across the examined brain areas (the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum), exhibited tissue-specific correlations with particular phenotypical traits that were attributable to the contribution of the brain region to that trait (e.g., striatum and rotarod performance, cerebellum and feet clasping). Focusing on the striatum, we determined that the transcriptional dysregulation associated with HD was partially exacerbated in mice that showed poor overall phenotypical scores, especially in genes with relevant roles in striatal functioning (e.g., Pde10a, Drd1, Drd2, Ppp1r1b). However, we also observed transcripts associated with relatively better outcomes, such as Nfya (CCAAT-binding transcription factor NF-Y subunit A) plus others related to neuronal development, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that altered brain transcription can be related to the manifestation of HD-like symptoms in mouse models and that this can be extrapolated to the highly heterogeneous population of HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gallardo-Orihuela
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irati Hervás-Corpión
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Sotano
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Mora-López
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis M Valor
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain. .,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
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8
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de la Varga-Martínez R, Rodríguez-Bayona B, Campos-Caro A, Añez GA, Medina-Varo F, Rodríguez C. Autoreactive B-lymphocytes in SLE and RA patients: Isolation and characterisation using extractable nuclear and citrullinated antigens bound to immunobeads. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1107-1116. [PMID: 30893475 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are autoimmune diseases characterised by B-cell hyperactivation and production of autoantibodies (AutoAbs) against various self-antigens, including extractable nuclear antigens and citrullinated peptides. Therefore, B lymphocytes and antibody-secreting cells are considered relevant targets for therapies. However, isolation and characterisation of auto-reactive specific B lymphocytes are limited, primarily due to technical issues. In this work, we purified extractable nuclear antigen-specific and citrullinated peptide-specific auto-reactive B lymphocytes by magnetic selection with ENA- and citrullinated peptide-bound immunobeads. We obtained blood auto-reactive B lymphocytes from most patients. Their nature was primarily naïve B cells, some of them in an active status, with low levels of somatic hypermutations in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable regions. Their presence correlated with serum levels of autoAb. Auto-reactive B lymphocytes were able to differentiate into auto-reactive antibody-secreting cells under conditions of stimulation. In addition, based on the presence of circulating auto-reactive B cells and/or antibody-secreting cells, four different profiles were described in lupus patients. Thus, tracking auto-reactive B cells and/or antibody-secreting cells in patient blood could represent a biomarker for deciding whether to use therapies blocking either B cells, plasma cells or both, as well as a new tool for monitoring minimal residual autoimmune disease in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de la Varga-Martínez
- Servicio de Inmunología, UGC de Hematología, Inmunología y Genética, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, HUPM, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Unidad de Investigación, HUPM, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
| | - Gustavo A Añez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermín Medina-Varo
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA).,Sección de Reumatología, UGC de Cirugía Ortopédica, Traumatología y Reumatología, HUPM, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez
- Servicio de Inmunología, UGC de Hematología, Inmunología y Genética, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar (HUPM), Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA)
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9
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Arroba AI, Campos-Caro A, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Valverde ÁM. IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:203. [PMID: 30026694 PMCID: PMC6041402 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases that include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The progressive degeneration of the retinal neurons results in a severe deterioration of the visual function. Neuroinflammation is an early hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders of the retina including AMD, RP and DR. Microglial cells, key components of the retinal immune defense system, are activated in retinal degenerative diseases. In the microglia the interplay between the proinflammatory/classically activated or antiinflammatory/alternatively activated phenotypes is a complex dynamic process that occurs during the course of disease due to the different environmental signals related to pathophysiological conditions. In this regard, an adequate transition from the proinflammatory to the anti-inflammatory response is necessary to counteract retinal neurodegeneration and its subsequent damage that leads to the loss of visual function. Insulin like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been considered as a pleiotropic factor in the retina under health or disease conditions and several effects of IGF-1 in retinal immune modulation have been described. In this review, we provide recent insights of inflammation as a common feature of retinal diseases (AMD, RP and RD) highlighting the role of microglia, exosomes and IGF-1 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Arroba
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Mellado-Gil JM, Fuente-Martín E, Lorenzo PI, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, López-Noriega L, Martín-Montalvo A, Gómez IDGH, Ceballos-Chávez M, Gómez-Jaramillo L, Campos-Caro A, Romero-Zerbo SY, Rodríguez-Comas J, Servitja JM, Rojo-Martinez G, Hmadcha A, Soria B, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Bérmudez-Silva FJ, Reyes JC, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Gauthier BR. The type 2 diabetes-associated HMG20A gene is mandatory for islet beta cell functional maturity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:279. [PMID: 29449530 PMCID: PMC5833347 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HMG20A (also known as iBRAF) is a chromatin factor involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. Recently small nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HMG20A gene have been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) yet neither expression nor function of this T2DM candidate gene in islets is known. Herein we demonstrate that HMG20A is expressed in both human and mouse islets and that levels are decreased in islets of T2DM donors as compared to islets from non-diabetic donors. In vitro studies in mouse and human islets demonstrated that glucose transiently increased HMG20A transcript levels, a result also observed in islets of gestating mice. In contrast, HMG20A expression was not altered in islets from diet-induced obese and pre-diabetic mice. The T2DM-associated rs7119 SNP, located in the 3' UTR of the HMG20A transcript reduced the luciferase activity of a reporter construct in the human beta 1.1E7 cell line. Depletion of Hmg20a in the rat INS-1E cell line resulted in decreased expression levels of its neuronal target gene NeuroD whereas Rest and Pax4 were increased. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of HMG20A with the Pax4 gene promoter. Expression levels of Mafa, Glucokinase, and Insulin were also inhibited. Furthermore, glucose-induced insulin secretion was blunted in HMG20A-depleted islets. In summary, our data demonstrate that HMG20A expression in islet is essential for metabolism-insulin secretion coupling via the coordinated regulation of key islet-enriched genes such as NeuroD and Mafa and that depletion induces expression of genes such as Pax4 and Rest implicated in beta cell de-differentiation. More importantly we assign to the T2DM-linked rs7119 SNP the functional consequence of reducing HMG20A expression likely translating to impaired beta cell mature function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mellado-Gil
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Fuente-Martín
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Petra I Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene de Gracia Herrera Gómez
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Ceballos-Chávez
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) JA-CSIC-UPO-US, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez-Jaramillo
- Research Unit, University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Research Unit, University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Silvana Y Romero-Zerbo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Júlia Rodríguez-Comas
- Diabetes & Obesity Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Marc Servitja
- Diabetes & Obesity Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francisco J Bérmudez-Silva
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Reyes
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) JA-CSIC-UPO-US, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Research Unit, University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department University Hospital "Puerta del Mar", Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.
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11
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Valor LM, Rodríguez-Bayona B, Ramos-Amaya AB, Brieva JA, Campos-Caro A. The transcriptional profiling of human in vivo-generated plasma cells identifies selective imbalances in monoclonal gammopathies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183264. [PMID: 28817638 PMCID: PMC5560601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PC) represent the heterogeneous final stage of the B cells (BC) differentiation process. To characterize the transition of BC into PC, transcriptomes from human naïve BC were compared to those of three functionally-different subsets of human in vivo-generated PC: i) tonsil PC, mainly consisting of early PC; ii) PC released to the blood after a potent booster-immunization (mostly cycling plasmablasts); and, iii) bone marrow CD138+ PC that represent highly mature PC and include the long-lived PC compartment. This transcriptional transition involves subsets of genes related to key processes for PC maturation: the already known protein processing, apoptosis and homeostasis, and of new discovery including histones, macromolecule assembly, zinc-finger transcription factors and neuromodulation. This human PC signature is partially reproduced in vitro and is conserved in mouse. Moreover, the present study identifies genes that define PC subtypes (e.g., proliferation-associated genes for circulating PC and transcriptional-related genes for tonsil and bone marrow PC) and proposes some putative transcriptional regulators of the human PC signatures (e.g., OCT/POU, XBP1/CREB, E2F, among others). Finally, we also identified a restricted imbalance of the present PC transcriptional program in monoclonal gammopathies that correlated with PC malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Valor
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Bayona
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana B. Ramos-Amaya
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José A. Brieva
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kelly-Worden M, Albrekkan F, Dugan M, Harnish K, Gomez-Jaramillo L, Campos-Caro A. The Identification of VAMPs in B-Lymphocytes. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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13
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Ramos-Amaya A, Rodríguez-Bayona B, López-Blanco R, Andújar E, Pérez-Alegre M, Campos-Caro A, Brieva JA. Survival of human circulating antigen-induced plasma cells is supported by plasma cell-niche cytokines and T follicular helper lymphocytes. J Immunol 2014; 194:1031-8. [PMID: 25548228 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human circulating Ag-induced plasma cells (PCs) contain a high proportion of cycling cells. This study reveals that these PCs spontaneously proliferate in culture during 72 h, as determined by BrdU-uptake detection. Transcriptome analysis indicates that, in comparison with tonsil and bone marrow (BM) PCs, these PCs distinctively upregulate genes involved in cell division. Blood PC proliferation occurs simultaneously with increasing apoptosis rates, and is associated with PC survival. In addition, the proliferating activity of these PCs is enhanced by the addition of cytokines present in PC survival niches. Moreover, blood Ag-induced, but not BM, PCs exhibit the expression of molecules involved in the interaction between memory B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. In fact, purified circulating and tonsil Tfh cells increased IgG secretion by blood Ag-induced, but not by BM, PCs. This effect is exerted by augmenting blood PC survival through a mechanism partly dependent on cell contact. These results strongly suggest that the proliferating capacity of circulating Ag-induced PCs contributes to their competitive migration to survival niches, either to long-living PC niches or to temporal niches present in reactive lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues, structures where Tfh cells appear to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramos-Amaya
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Rubén López-Blanco
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Eloisa Andújar
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, 41092 Seville, Spain; and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Alegre
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, 41092 Seville, Spain; and
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - José A Brieva
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
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14
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Gómez-Jaramillo L, Delgado-Pérez L, Reales E, Mora-López F, Mateos RM, García-Poley A, Brieva JA, Campos-Caro A. Syntaxin-4 is implicated in the secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:305-12. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Rodríguez-Bayona B, Ramos-Amaya A, López-Blanco R, Campos-Caro A, Brieva JA. STAT-3 activation by differential cytokines is critical for human in vivo-generated plasma cell survival and Ig secretion. J Immunol 2013; 191:4996-5004. [PMID: 24101550 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maturation and survival of plasma cells (PCs) depends on extrinsic factors provided in specialized niches. In addition, B lymphocyte differentiation into PCs requires the activation of the JAK-STAT-3 pathway. However, whether STAT-3 is needed only during the transition of B lymphocytes to PC, or it is also involved in the survival and function of PCs at different stages of maturation, has not been unequivocally clarified. This study analyzes the effect of IL-10, IL-21, and IL-6 on human in vivo-generated PCs isolated from secondary lymphoid organs, blood (circulating, recently Ag-induced PCs), and bone marrow. PCs from these different organs show specific profiles of receptors for, and responsiveness to, these cytokines required for their survival and sustained Ab secretion. However, IL-10, IL-21, and IL-6 commonly induce STAT-3 phosphorylation in the three PC subsets, and all of their effects are exerted strictly through the STAT-3 activation. The inhibition or nonactivation of this pathway in the three PC populations impairs not only the effect of STAT-3-activating cytokines, but also the action of other cytokines important at the PC level, including a proliferation-induced ligand, BAFF, insulin-like growth factor 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α. These results indicate that STAT-3 activation is critical for human PCs throughout their maturation.
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16
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de Melo IS, Jimenez-Nuñez MD, Iglesias C, Campos-Caro A, Moreno-Sanchez D, Ruiz FA, Bolívar J. NOA36 protein contains a highly conserved nucleolar localization signal capable of directing functional proteins to the nucleolus, in mammalian cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59065. [PMID: 23516598 PMCID: PMC3596294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NOA36/ZNF330 is an evolutionarily well-preserved protein present in the nucleolus and mitochondria of mammalian cells. We have previously reported that the pro-apoptotic activity of this protein is mediated by a characteristic cysteine-rich domain. We now demonstrate that the nucleolar localization of NOA36 is due to a highly-conserved nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) present in residues 1-33. This NoLS is a sequence containing three clusters of two or three basic amino acids. We fused the amino terminal of NOA36 to eGFP in order to characterize this putative NoLS. We show that a cluster of three lysine residues at positions 3 to 5 within this sequence is critical for the nucleolar localization. We also demonstrate that the sequence as found in human is capable of directing eGFP to the nucleolus in several mammal, fish and insect cells. Moreover, this NoLS is capable of specifically directing the cytosolic yeast enzyme polyphosphatase to the target of the nucleolus of HeLa cells, wherein its enzymatic activity was detected. This NoLS could therefore serve as a very useful tool as a nucleolar marker and for directing particular proteins to the nucleolus in distant animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. de Melo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria D. Jimenez-Nuñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Concepción Iglesias
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Moreno-Sanchez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Felix A. Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jorge Bolívar
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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17
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Rodríguez-Bayona B, Ramos-Amaya A, Bernal J, Campos-Caro A, Brieva JA. Cutting edge: IL-21 derived from human follicular helper T cells acts as a survival factor for secondary lymphoid organ, but not for bone marrow, plasma cells. J Immunol 2012; 188:1578-81. [PMID: 22250083 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-21 induces the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes into plasma cells (PC), but its direct effect on PC remains uncertain. This study analyzes the role of IL-21 on human in vivo-generated PC. IL-21R was clearly expressed on PC from the human tonsil, the lymph node, and the spleen (secondary lymphoid organs [SLO]) but barely on terminally mature bone marrow PC. IL-21 enhanced Ig secretion by isolated SLO PC but not bone marrow PC. Tonsillar T follicular helper (Tfh) lymphocytes are known to secrete IL-21. Purified Tfh cells induced a marked increase of Ig production by tonsillar PC, and this effect was impaired when endogenous IL-21 production was blocked. IL-21 provoked a rapid and transient phosphorylation of STAT3 in tonsillar PC. Tfh cells or exogenous IL-21 reduce tonsillar PC apoptosis and increases PC recovery but does not modify their nonproliferating status. These results suggest that IL-21 derived from Tfh cells acts as a survival factor for SLO PC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodríguez-Bayona
- Servicio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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18
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Jimenez-Gomez G, Gomez-Perales JL, Ramos-Amaya A, Gonzalez-Garcia I, Campos-Caro A, Brieva JA. Modulated selection of IGHV gene somatic hypermutation during systemic maturation of human plasma cells. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 87:523-30. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0709514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Mora-López F, Pedreño-Horrillo N, Delgado-Pérez L, Brieva JA, Campos-Caro A. Transcription of PRDM1, the master regulator for plasma cell differentiation, depends on an SP1/SP3/EGR-1 GC-box. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:2316-24. [PMID: 18604866 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The positive regulatory domain containing 1, encoded by the PRDM1 gene, is a transcriptional repressor considered as a master regulator that is required and sufficient for plasma cell differentiation. In the present study we have performed sequence analysis of the upstream region of the human PRDM1 gene to detect the minimal promoter region necessary for PRDM1 gene transcription. This region comprises the region upstream of the initiation site, as well as the first exon. Collectively, deletion and mutation analysis in conjunction with luciferase reporter assays, EMSA and supershift assays identified a phylogenetically conserved GC-box as an essential element for PRDM1 expression. This GC-box element matches to a binding site for multiple transcription factors such as SP1 and SP3 isoforms as well as early growth response 1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the in vivo binding capability of these factors to the human PRDM1 promoter. These studies together characterize for the first time the basal activity of the human PRDM1 promoter, through which several factors, including SP1, SP3 and early growth response 1, modulate its expression through a conserved GC-box.
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Abstract
B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP1), encoded by the PRDM1 gene, is a transcriptional repressor considered a master regulator that is required and sufficient for plasma cell (PC) differentiation. BLIMP1 represses the PAX5 gene, coding for the B-cell lineage-specific activator protein (BSAP), which is required for B-cell identity and survival. Mutations in PAX5 gene as well as in PRDM1 gene have been recently implicated in lymphomas. In the present study, sequence analysis of PRDM1 gene revealed a binding site for BSAP transcription factor. By analyzing different human cell lines, we have found that a specific nuclear factor for B-cell lines binds to a site on the PRDM1 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified this factor as BSAP, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed its binding in vivo to the human PRDM1 promoter. Moreover, by ectopically expressing BSAP, and using a PRDM1 promoter with the BSAP-binding site mutated, we demonstrated that this factor represses the expression of BLIMP1. Therefore, repression of PRDM1 by BSAP reveals an autoregulatory negative-feedback loop that could play a relevant role in controlling human PC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mora-López
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avenida Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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21
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Medina F, Segundo C, Jiménez-Gómez G, González-García I, Campos-Caro A, Brieva JA. Higher maturity and connective tissue association distinguish resident from recently generated human tonsil plasma cells. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:1430-6. [PMID: 17827343 DOI: 10.1189/0507279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human plasma cells (PC) are present in cell suspensions obtained from the tonsil by mechanical disaggregation (PC(MECH)). The present study shows that a collagenase treatment of tonsillar debris remaining after mechanical disaggregation yielded similar proportions of PC (PC(COLL)). Moreover, PC(MECH) were present in suspensions highly enriched in germinal center cells whereas PC(COLL) contained most of the IgA-secreting cells, suggesting their predominant location in follicular and parafollicular areas and connective tissue-rich zones such as tonsil subepithelium, respectively. Tonsil PC(MECH) and PC(COLL) shared the phenotype CD38(high) CD19(+) CD20(low) CD45(high), expressed equivalent amounts of PRDI BF1/Blimp-1 transcription factor, and carried similarly mutated IgVH6 genes. However, they differed in several features. 1) PC(MECH) still expressed the early B cell transcription factor BSAP and were HLA-DR(high); in contrast, PC(COLL) were BSAP(-)and HLA-DR(low). 2) PC(MECH) were CD95(+) and Bcl-2(+/-) whereas PC(COLL) showed CD95(+/-) and Bcl-2(+) expression; in addition, PC(MECH) exhibited increased spontaneous apoptosis. 3) The two PC subsets exhibited distinctive adhesion molecule profiles, since PC(COLL) expressed higher levels of CD31, CD44, and CD49d, but a lower level of CD11a than PC(MECH). These results suggest that PC(MECH) are recently generated, short-living PC, and PC(COLL) constitutes a subset with higher maturity and survival, which resides in connective tissue-rich areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Medina
- Servicio de Inmunología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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22
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Ocaña E, Delgado-Pérez L, Campos-Caro A, Muñóz J, Paz A, Franco R, Brieva JA. The prognostic role of CXCR3 expression by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Haematologica 2007; 92:349-56. [PMID: 17339184 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.10649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chemokine receptors are involved in tumor progression and several of these receptors, including CXCR3, are expressed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. This study was aimed to examine a possible relationship between CXCR3 expression in CLL and the clinical evolution of the disease. DESIGN AND METHODS Using flow activated cell sorting (FACS), we analyzed the level of expression of CXCR3 on blood CLL B cells from 76 consecutive patients. The results were correlated with CD38 expression, IgVH gene status and clinical outcome. RESULTS CXCR3, measured as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), was unimodally expressed by blood tumor cells at various levels (range, 3.5 to 232.3) but levels within individual patients were remarkably stable over time. Low CXCR3 expression by CLL B cells was strongly associated with Rai disease stages III and IV (p<0.0001) and a pattern of diffuse tumor infiltration of the bone marrow (p<0.0001). In the 28 cases available for genetic studies, low CXCR3 expression also showed good concordance with tumor unmutated IgVH gene status (p<0.04), and tended to correlate with high CD38 expression (p<0.06). Patients with low CXCR3 expression (MFI < or =15) had a shorter survival (p<0.0001) and, in multivariate analysis, low CXCR3 expression (MFI pound15) was an independent predictor of poor outcome (hazard ratio 24.5; p<0.01). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONSL: CXCR3 expression by CLL B cells appears to be stable within individual patients. Tests to assay this chemokine receptor are cheap and easy to perform and the results could be of prognostic value in CLL.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/analysis
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ocaña
- Servicio de Inmunología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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23
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Ocaña E, González-García I, Gutiérrez NC, Mora-López F, Brieva JA, Campos-Caro A. The expression of PRDI-BF1 beta isoform in multiple myeloma plasma cells. Haematologica 2006; 91:1579-80. [PMID: 17043021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The PRDM1 gene, a master regulator of plasma cells (PC), can generate two transcription factor isoforms: PRDI-BF1alpha and PRDI-BF1beta. The present study shows that purified human normal PC have a significantly lower levels of PRDI-BF1beta expression than that in tumoral PC isolated from multiple myeloma (MM) (0.06+/-0.01 and 0.25+/-0.05, respectively; p<0.001). The role of this finding in MM is discussed.
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24
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Torroglosa A, Murillo-Carretero M, Romero-Grimaldi C, Matarredona ER, Campos-Caro A, Estrada C. Nitric oxide decreases subventricular zone stem cell proliferation by inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway. Stem Cells 2006; 25:88-97. [PMID: 16960136 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits proliferation of subventricular zone (SVZ) neural precursor cells in adult mice in vivo under physiological conditions. The mechanisms underlying this NO effect have now been investigated using SVZ-derived neural stem cells, which generate neurospheres in vitro when stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). In these cultures, NO donors decreased the number of newly formed neurospheres as well as their size, which indicates that NO was acting on the neurosphere-forming neural stem cells and the daughter neural progenitors. The effect of NO was cytostatic, not proapoptotic, and did not involve cGMP synthesis. Neurosphere cells expressed the neuronal and endothelial isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) and produced NO in culture. Inhibition of NOS activity by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) promoted neurosphere formation and growth, thus revealing an autocrine/paracrine action of NO on the neural precursor cells. Both exogenous and endogenous NO impaired the EGF-induced activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase and prevented the EGF-induced Akt phosphorylation in neurosphere cells. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway by LY294002 significantly reduced the number of newly formed neurospheres, which indicates that this is an essential pathway for neural stem cell self-renewal. Chronic administration of l-NAME to adult mice enhanced phospho-Akt staining in the SVZ and reduced nuclear p27(Kip1) in the SVZ and olfactory bulb. The inhibition of EGFR and PI3-K pathway by NO explains, at least in part, its antimitotic effect on neurosphere cells and may be a mechanism involved in the physiological role of NO as a negative regulator of SVZ neurogenesis in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torroglosa
- Area de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Falla 9, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
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25
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González-García I, Ocaña E, Jiménez-Gómez G, Campos-Caro A, Brieva JA. Immunization-induced perturbation of human blood plasma cell pool: progressive maturation, IL-6 responsiveness, and high PRDI-BF1/BLIMP1 expression are critical distinctions between antigen-specific and nonspecific plasma cells. J Immunol 2006; 176:4042-50. [PMID: 16547239 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study shows that reimmunization with tetanus toxoid (tet) caused a transient increase of the human blood plasma cell (PC) pool, detectable from 6th to 15th day postboost, as well as the temporal alteration of several PC features. Labeling of specific PC with FITC-tet C fragment (tetC) allowed kinetics analysis of the tetC(+) and tetC(-) PC, and revealed remarkable differences between them: 1) the kinetics of tetC(+) PC occurrence was exponential, and most of them appeared in a narrow time frame (5th to 8th day postboost), whereas the tetC(-) PC increase was lower (three to five times) and more prolonged (4th to 15th day postboost). 2) The tetC(+) PC subset contained a fraction of cycling cells, expressed high levels of DR, CD138, and CD126, and responded to IL-6 by improving their survival and Ig secretion; in contrast, the tetC(-) PC showed higher CXCR4 and lower DR and CD138, did not respond to IL-6, and contained a fraction of apoptotic cells. 3) Sequential phenotypic analysis revealed maturational changes within the tetC(+), but not tetC(-), PC subset; sequencing of tetC(+) PC IgVH genes showed clear features of Ag selection. 4) The tetC(+) PC expressed several times more positive regulatory domain I- binding factor 1/B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 transcription factor than the tetC(-) PC. 5) The tetC(-) PC and bone marrow resident PC similarly expressed low DR and high CXCR4, but differed in that the latter exhibited higher levels of CD31, CD138, and positive regulatory domain I- binding factor 1/B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1. These findings support the view that tetC(+) PC contain bone marrow PC precursors, and tetC(-) PC probably belong to a removable compartment of aged PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-García
- Servicio de Inmunología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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Reales E, Mora-López F, Rivas V, García-Poley A, Brieva JA, Campos-Caro A. Identification of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor exocytotic machinery in human plasma cells: SNAP-23 is essential for antibody secretion. J Immunol 2006; 175:6686-93. [PMID: 16272324 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PC) are B-lymphocytes terminally differentiated in a postmitotic state, with the unique purpose of manufacturing and exporting Igs. Despite the importance of this process in the survival of vertebrates, no studies have been made to understand the molecular events that regulate Ig exocytosis by PC. The present study explores the possible presence of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) system in human PC, and examines its functional role in Ig secretion. Syntaxin-2, Syntaxin-3, Syntaxin-4, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-2, VAMP-3, and synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP)-23 could be readily detected in normal human PC obtained from intestinal lamina propria and blood, as well as in human PC lines. Because SNAP-23 plays a central role in SNAREs complex formation, it was chosen to examine possible functional implications of the SNARE system in PC Ig secretion. When recombinant SNAP-23 fusion protein was introduced into the cells, a complete abolishment of Ig production was observed in the culture supernatants of PC lines, as well as in those of normal PC. These results provide insights, for the first time, into the molecular machinery of constitutive vesicular trafficking in human PC Ig secretion and present evidence indicating that at least SNAP-23 is essential for Ab production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Reales
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Large numbers of plasma cells (PC) localise in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) where they play a critical role in the defence against pathogens. This study analyses the level of maturation reached by normal human colon LPPC in comparison with that of bone marrow (BM) PC. METHODS A technique was designed to purify LPPC by combining collagenase digestion of the mucosal layer and immunomagnetic selection of CD54(+) LP cells. It provided highly purified PC, as demonstrated by morphology, CD38(h) phenotype, and cytoplasmic IgA staining criteria. This procedure allowed comparison of in vitro functional capacities and a broad phenotypic analysis of BMPC and LPPC. RESULTS LPPC and BMPC exhibited identical expression of differentiation markers (CD19(-/+), CD20(-), HLA-DR(low/-), VS38c(high)), survival molecules (CD95 (low/-), Bcl-2(+)), and B cell transcription factor profile, as well as similar in vitro Ig secreting kinetics (14 days) and lack of susceptibility to apoptosis by CD95 ligation. In contrast, they markedly differed in adhesion molecule expression, as LPPC showed higher levels of CD44 and CD21 and were alpha 4 beta 7(+) whereas BMPC lacked this integrin and expressed higher levels of CD49d and CD31. CONCLUSION These data indicate that PC at effector sites of the humoral response (BM and LP) show similar high differentiation, survival, and functional features but display a distinctive pattern of adhesion molecules, probably related to their respective homing locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Medina
- Servicio de Inmunología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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Downie DL, Vicente-Agullo F, Campos-Caro A, Bushell TJ, Lieb WR, Franks NP. Determinants of the anesthetic sensitivity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:10367-73. [PMID: 11741933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107847200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Some neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are very much more sensitive to general anesthetics than others, even when they are genetically and structurally related. The most striking example of this is the extreme sensitivity of heteromeric neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to inhalational general anesthetics compared with the marked insensitivity of the closely related homomeric neuronal nicotinic receptors. Here we investigate the role of the alpha subunit in determining the anesthetic sensitivity of these receptors by using alpha(3)/alpha(7) chimeric subunits that are able to form functional homomeric receptors. By comparing the sensitivities of a number of chimeras to the inhalational agent halothane we show that the short (13 amino acids) putative extracellular loop connecting the second and third transmembrane segments is a critical determinant of anesthetic sensitivity. In addition, using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that two particular amino acids in this loop play a dominant role. When mutations are made in this loop, there is a good correlation between increasing anesthetic sensitivity and decreasing acetylcholine sensitivity. We conclude that this extracellular loop probably does not participate directly in anesthetic binding, but rather determines receptor sensitivity indirectly by playing a critical role in transducing anesthetic binding into an effect on channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindsay Downie
- Biophysics Group, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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Valor LM, Campos-Caro A, Carrasco-Serrano C, Ortiz JA, Ballesta JJ, Criado M. Transcription factors NF-Y and Sp1 are important determinants of the promoter activity of the bovine and human neuronal nicotinic receptor beta 4 subunit genes. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:8866-76. [PMID: 11742001 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110454200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta4 subunit is a component of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which control catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. The promoter of the gene coding for this subunit was characterized. A proximal region (from minus sign99 to minus sign64) was responsible for the transcriptional activity observed in chromaffin, C2C12, and COS cells. Within this region two cis-acting elements that bind transcription factors Sp1 and NF-Y were identified. Mutagenesis of the two elements indicated that they cooperate for the basal transcription activity of the promoter. The human beta4 promoter, that was also characterized, shared structural and functional homologies with the bovine promoter. Thus, two adjacent binding elements for Sp1 and NF-Y were detected. Whereas the Sp1 site was an important determinant of the promoter activity, the NF-Y site may have cell-specific effects. Given that these promoters showed no structural or functional homology with the previously characterized rat beta4 subunit promoter (Bigger, C. B., Casanova, E. A., and Gardner, P. D. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 32842--32848) except for the involvement of an Sp1 binding element, we propose that constitutive expression of the beta4 subunit gene in these three close species may be controlled by the general transcription factor Sp1. Nevertheless, other components could determine species-specific beta4 subunit expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Valor
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Miguel Hernández-C.S.I.C., 03550-San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Medina F, Segundo C, Campos-Caro A, González-García I, Brieva JA. The heterogeneity shown by human plasma cells from tonsil, blood, and bone marrow reveals graded stages of increasing maturity, but local profiles of adhesion molecule expression. Blood 2002; 99:2154-61. [PMID: 11877292 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.6.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) are the final B-cell differentiation stage. Recent evidence reveals relevant functional differences within the PC compartment. In rodents, early PCs formed in secondary lymphoid tissues show enhanced apoptosis and short life span, whereas PCs present in a final destination organ, such as the bone marrow (BM), have reached a stable prolonged survival state. BM PCs arrive at this organ as a circulating precursor whose cellular nature remains uncertain. An initial aim of this study was to characterize this circulating cell. We hypothesized that antibody-secreting cells detectable in the human blood after immunization might be a candidate precursor. These cells were obtained from the blood of volunteers immunized 6 days earlier with tetanus toxoid (tet), and they were unambiguously identified as PCs, as demonstrated by their expression of the CD38(h) phenotype, by morphology, by immunoglobulin (Ig) intracytoplasmic staining, and by IgG-tet-secreting capacity in vitro. In addition, by using the common CD38(h) feature, human PCs from tonsil (as a possible source of early PCs), from blood from tet-immunized donors (as the putative precursors of BM PCs), and from BM (as a deposit organ) have been purified and their phenotypes compared. The results show that a variety of differentiation molecules, proteins involved in the control of apoptosis, the B-cell transcription factors, positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1/B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 and B cell-specific activating protein and, at least partially, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 were expressed by human PCs following a gradient of increasing maturity in the direction: tonsil-->blood-->BM. However, PCs from these different organs showed a local pattern of adhesion molecule expression. These observations are discussed in light of the complex physiology of the human PC compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Medina
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avenida Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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31
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Salcedo I, Campos-Caro A, Sampalo A, Reales E, Brieva JA. Persistent polyclonal B lymphocytosis: an expansion of cells showing IgVH gene mutations and phenotypic features of normal lymphocytes from the CD27+ marginal zone B-cell compartment. Br J Haematol 2002; 116:662-6. [PMID: 11849229 DOI: 10.1046/j.0007-1048.2001.03327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is an unusual and benign lymphoproliferation characterized by a polyclonal expansion of B lymphocytes, whose nature remains undetermined. The phenotypic analysis of three cases revealed that these cells were CD27+ IgM(high) CD21(high) CD5(low) and CD23(low), a phenotype associated with the normal marginal zone (MZ) B-cell compartment. As MZ B cells have initiated immunoglobulin (Ig)V gene somatic mutations, PPBL IgVH genes were sequenced. An average of 73% of these sequences were mutated. The mean number of mutation per sequence was 6.9, a number similar to those observed in the MZ B-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Salcedo
- Servicio de Inmunología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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Campos-Caro A, Carrasco-Serrano C, Valor LM, Ballesta JJ, Criado M. Activity of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha5 and alpha7 subunit promoters in muscle cells. DNA Cell Biol 2001; 20:657-66. [PMID: 11749724 DOI: 10.1089/104454901753340640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetylcholine receptor alpha5 and alpha7 subunits are components of different nicotinic receptor subtypes expressed in the nervous system. However, they are also present in non-neuronal tissues. We have detected alpha5 and alpha7 transcripts in mouse C2C12 muscle cells. Moreover, on differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes, the amount of alpha7 transcripts increased significantly, whereas alpha5 remained unchanged. In order to explore how the expression of these neuronal genes is regulated in muscle, we have characterized their promoter activities. Deletion and mutagenesis analysis with transfected reporter genes showed that transcriptional activity was controlled by regulatory elements also operative in neuronal-like cells. Thus, the activity of the alpha5 subunit core promoter decreased to approximately 50% on alteration of one, two, or three of the five Sp1 binding sites present in this region and was almost abolished when four or five sites were mutated simultaneously. In the case of the alpha7 subunit promoter, the upstream stimulatory factor and the early growth response gene transcription factor were involved in regulating its transcriptional activity. In addition, the alpha7 promoter was activated during the differentiation process, in a mechanism partially dependent on the mentioned factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos-Caro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
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Vicente-Agullo F, Rovira JC, Sala S, Sala F, Rodriguez-Ferrer C, Campos-Caro A, Criado M, Ballesta JJ. Multiple roles of the conserved key residue arginine 209 in neuronal nicotinic receptors. Biochemistry 2001; 40:8300-6. [PMID: 11444976 DOI: 10.1021/bi010087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the role of a highly conserved arginine (R209), which flanks the M1 transmembrane segment of nAChRs, in the biogenesis and function of neuronal nAChRs. Point mutations revealed that, in alphaBgtx-sensitive neuronal alpha7 nAChRs, the conserved arginine is required for the transport of assembled receptors to the cell surface. By contrast, R209 does not play any role in the transport of assembled alpha-Bgtx-insensitive neuronal alpha3beta4 nAChRs to the cell surface. However, a basic residue at this position of alpha3 and beta4 subunits is necessary for either synthesis, folding, or assembly of alpha3beta4 receptors. Moreover, electrophysiological experiments revealed that in alpha3beta4 receptors the conserved arginine of the alpha3 subunit is involved in either coupling agonist binding to the channel or regulating single channel kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vicente-Agullo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, Apartado Correos 18, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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Rovira JC, Vicente-Agulló F, Campos-Caro A, Criado M, Sala F, Sala S, Ballesta JJ. Gating of alpha3beta4 neuronal nicotinic receptor can be controlled by the loop M2-M3 of both alpha3 and beta4 subunits. Pflugers Arch 1999; 439:86-92. [PMID: 10651004 DOI: 10.1007/s004249900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the gating mechanism of alpha3beta4 neuronal nicotinic receptors is affected by a residue in the middle of the M2-M3 loop of the beta4 subunit. We have extended the study of the same location to the alpha3 subunit. Bovine alpha3beta4 receptors were mutated in position 268, substituting the residue present in wild-type receptors, i.e. leucine in alpha3 and asparagine in beta4, for an aspartate. Wild-type and mutated alpha3 and beta4 subunits were combined to form four different receptors. We have measured macroscopic currents in Xenopus oocytes elicited by nicotine, and related them to surface receptor expression measured with an epibatidine-binding essay. We also obtained single-channel recordings of the receptors to study their kinetic behaviour. The results were analysed in terms of an allosteric model with three states. We found that the effect of the mutation in the alpha3 subunit on the gating of the receptor was similar to the corresponding mutation in the beta4 subunit. The effect when both subunits were mutated was additive, suggesting that the contribution of each subunit to the gating mechanism is independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rovira
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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35
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Rovira J, Vicente-Agulló F, Campos-Caro A, Criado M, Sala F, Sala S, Ballesta JJ. Gating of α 3 β 4 neuronal nicotinic receptor can be controlled by the loop M2-M3 of both α 3 and β 4 subunits. Pflugers Arch 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/s004240051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Campos-Caro A, Carrasco-Serrano C, Valor LM, Viniegra S, Ballesta JJ, Criado M. Multiple functional Sp1 domains in the minimal promoter region of the neuronal nicotinic receptor alpha5 subunit gene. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:4693-701. [PMID: 9988706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.8.4693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha5 subunit is a component of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are probably involved in the activation step of the catecholamine secretion process in bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. The promoter of the gene coding for this subunit was isolated, and its proximal region was characterized, revealing several GC boxes located close to the site of transcription initiation (from -111 to -40). Deletion analysis and transient transfections showed that a 266-base pair region (-111 to +155) gave rise to approximately 77 and 100% of the maximal transcriptional activity observed in chromaffin and SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of five different GC motifs indicated that all of them contribute to the activity of the alpha5 gene, but in a different way, depending on the type of transfected cell. Thus, in SHSY-5Y cells, alteration of the most promoter-proximal of the GC boxes decreased alpha5 promoter activity by approximately 50%, whereas single mutations of the other GC boxes had no effect. In chromaffin cells, by contrast, modification of any of the GC boxes produced a similar decrease in promoter activity (50-69%). In both cell types, however, activity was almost abolished when four GC boxes were suppressed simultaneously. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extracts from either chromaffin or SHSY-5Y cells showed the specific binding of Sp1 protein to fragment -111 to -27. Binding of Sp1 to the GC boxes was also demonstrated by DNase I footprint analysis. This study suggests that the general transcription factor Sp1 plays a dominant role in alpha5 subunit expression, as has also been demonstrated previously for alpha3 and beta4 subunits. Since these three subunits have their genes tightly clustered and are expressed in chromaffin cells, probably as components of the same receptor subtype, we propose that Sp1 constitutes the key factor of a regulatory mechanism common to the three subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos-Caro
- Department of Neurochemistry, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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37
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Rovira JC, Ballesta JJ, Vicente-Agulló F, Campos-Caro A, Criado M, Sala F, Sala S. A residue in the middle of the M2-M3 loop of the beta4 subunit specifically affects gating of neuronal nicotinic receptors. FEBS Lett 1998; 433:89-92. [PMID: 9738939 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An aspartate residue in the M2-M3 loop of neuronal nicotinic receptor alpha7 subunits is a major determinant of the channel functional response. This residue is conserved in most beta4 subunits, e.g. human and rat, but not in others, e.g. bovine. We have used these differences to examine the mechanism by which this residue alters the functional properties of alpha3beta4 receptors. Having ruled out an effect on the macroscopic binding ability of the agonist, the level of receptor expression, or the single channel conductance, the results suggest that receptors lacking that residue have a deficient coupling between binding and gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rovira
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Carrasco-Serrano C, Campos-Caro A, Viniegra S, Ballesta JJ, Criado M. GC- and E-box motifs as regulatory elements in the proximal promoter region of the neuronal nicotinic receptor alpha7 subunit gene. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:20021-8. [PMID: 9685340 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.32.20021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha7 subunit is a component of alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. The proximal promoter of the gene coding for this subunit contains several GC-boxes and one E-box. Deletion analysis and transient transfections showed that a 120-base pair region (-77 to +43) including all of these elements gave rise to approximately 70 and 95% of the maximal transcriptional activity observed in chromaffin and SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of the different elements indicated that both GC and E motifs contribute to the activity of the alpha7 gene in a very prominent way. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the upstream stimulatory factor (USF) was shown to be a component of the complexes that interacted with the E-box when nuclear extracts from chromaffin and SHSY-5Y cells were used. Binding of the early growth response gene transcription factor (Egr-1) to three different GC-boxes was also demonstrated by shift assays and DNase I footprint analysis. Likewise, alpha7 promoter activity increased by up to 5-fold when alpha7 constructs and an Egr-1 expression vector were cotransfected into chromaffin cell cultures. Mutagenesis of individual GC-boxes had little effect on Egr-1 activation. By contrast, pairwise suppression of GC-boxes abolished activation, especially when the most promoter-proximal of the Egr-1 sites was removed. Taken together, these studies indicate that the alpha7 gene is likely to be a target for multiple signaling pathways, in which various regulatory elements are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carrasco-Serrano
- Department of Neurochemistry, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Campos-Caro A, Rovira JC, Vicente-Agulló F, Ballesta JJ, Sala S, Criado M, Sala F. Role of the putative transmembrane segment M3 in gating of neuronal nicotinic receptors. Biochemistry 1997; 36:2709-15. [PMID: 9054579 DOI: 10.1021/bi9623486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of some structural domains in the gating of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) was studied by expressing functional alpha7/alpha3 chimeric subunits in Xenopus oocytes. Substitution of the M3 transmembrane segment in the alpha7 subunit modifies the kinetic properties of the chimeric AChRs as follows: (a) a 6-fold reduction in the maximal current evoked by nicotinic agonists, (b) a 10-fold decrease in the macroscopic desensitization rate, (c) an increase of almost 1 order of magnitude in the apparent affinity for acetylcholine and nicotine, and (d) a decrease in the affinity for alpha-bungarotoxin. Computer simulations showed that the first three effects could be accounted for by a simple kinetic model in which chimeric AChRs presented a smaller ratio of the gating rates, beta/alpha, and a slightly slower desensitization rate. It is concluded that the M3 domain influences the gating of neuronal AChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos-Caro
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Spain
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40
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Campos-Caro A, Smillie FI, Domínguez del Toro E, Rovira JC, Vicente-Agulló F, Chapuli J, Juíz JM, Sala S, Sala F, Ballesta JJ, Criado M. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on bovine chromaffin cells: cloning, expression, and genomic organization of receptor subunits. J Neurochem 1997; 68:488-97. [PMID: 9003033 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells play a primary role in triggering catecholamine secretion. In the present study, their constituent subunits were characterized. In addition to the alpha 3 subunit, which we have previously cloned, the presence of alpha 5 and beta 4 but not of beta 2 subunits was detected by reverse transcription-PCR analysis of mRNA from adrenal medulla. In situ hybridization indicated that alpha 3, alpha 5, and beta 4 subunits are coexpressed in all chromaffin cells. The primary structure of alpha 5 and beta 4 subunits was determined and functional receptors were obtained upon coinjection of subunit cRNAs into Xenopus oocytes. In contrast to other beta 4-containing nicotinic receptors, the ones formed by the bovine beta 4 subunit are insensitive to the agonist cytisine. Finally, we characterized the intergenic region of alpha 3 and alpha 5 subunits, which together with the beta 4 subunit, form a gene cluster in rats and chickens. RNase assays and the existence of overlapping cDNAs indicate that, in the bovine genome, the alpha 3 and alpha 5 genes overlap at their 3' ends. This fact is probably due to inefficient transcription termination, as a result of weak polyadenylation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos-Caro
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Alicante, Spain
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Vicente-Agulló F, Rovira JC, Campos-Caro A, Rodríguez-Ferrer C, Ballesta JJ, Sala S, Sala F, Criado M. Acetylcholine receptor subunit homomer formation requires compatibility between amino acid residues of the M1 and M2 transmembrane segments. FEBS Lett 1996; 399:83-6. [PMID: 8980125 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(96)01291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha3 and alpha7 have different assembly behavior when expressed in heterologous expression systems: alpha3 subunits require other subunits to assemble functional nAChRs, whereas alpha7 subunits can produce homomeric nAChRs. A previous analysis of alpha7/alpha3 chimeric constructs identified a domain comprising the first putative membrane-spanning segment, M1, as essential to homomeric assembly. The present study dissected further this domain, identifying three amino acid residues, which are located at the most intracellular third of the M1 transmembrane segment, as important in the assembly of homomers. Moreover, formation of homooligomeric complexes seems to require a compatible accommodation between this region and certain residues of the second transmembrane segment, M2. Thus, compatibility between defined domains of the M1 and M2 transmembrane segments appears as a determinant factor governing homomer association of nAChR subunits.
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Campos-Caro A, Sala S, Ballesta JJ, Vicente-Agulló F, Criado M, Sala F. A single residue in the M2-M3 loop is a major determinant of coupling between binding and gating in neuronal nicotinic receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:6118-23. [PMID: 8650229 PMCID: PMC39199 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.12.6118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of agonists to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors generates a sequence of changes that activate a cation-selective conductance. By measuring electrophysiological responses in chimeric alpha7/alpha3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we have showed the involvement of the M2-M3 loop in coupling agonist binding to the channel gate. An aspartate residue therein, Asp-266 in the alpha7 subunit, was identified by site-directed mutagenesis as crucial, since mutants at this position exhibited very poor functional responses to three different nicotinic agonists. We have extended this investigation to another neuronal nicotinic receptor (alpha3/beta4), and found that a homologous residue in the beta4 subunit, Asp-268, played a similar role in coupling. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that the aspartate residue in the M2-M3 loop, which is conserved in all homomer-forming alpha-type subunits and all neuronal beta-type subunits that combine to form functional receptors, is a major determinant of information transmission from binding site to channel gate in all neuronal nicotinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos-Caro
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Spain
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García-Guzmán M, Sala F, Sala S, Campos-Caro A, Stühmer W, Gutiérrez LM, Criado M. alpha-Bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptors on bovine chromaffin cells: molecular cloning, functional expression and alternative splicing of the alpha 7 subunit. Eur J Neurosci 1995; 7:647-55. [PMID: 7620615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chromaffin cells from the bovine adrenal medulla express alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive acetylcholine receptors whose subunit composition is unknown. Northern blot analysis showed that the alpha 7 subunit, a main component of these alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive acetylcholine receptors in avian and rat brain, is expressed in chromaffin cells. The cDNA of this bovine alpha 7 subunit was cloned by polymerase chain reaction amplification of adrenal medulla RNA for detailed characterization of structure and function. The protein-coding region revealed 92% amino acid sequence identity to rat alpha 7 and 89% to chicken alpha 7 subunits. The alpha-bungarotoxin affinity of alpha 7 homomers expressed in Xenopus oocytes was similar to that observed previously with native chromaffin alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive acetylcholine receptors. Cross-linking and sucrose gradient experiments suggested that, like the muscular and neuronal acetylcholine receptors; the alpha 7 receptor has a pentameric structure. Upon activation with nicotinic agonists the alpha 7 receptor exhibited rapidly desensitizing cation currents that were blocked by nicotinic antagonists and showed inward rectification. The amplification of adrenal medulla RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods revealed an alternatively spliced isoform of the bovine alpha 7 subunit, where the exon that codes for the M2 transmembrane segment was skipped during mRNA processing. Oocyte expression of this isoform does not yield functional channels. However, this alternative mRNA exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of alpha 7 homomer expression when coinjected with the undeleted isoform.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing/drug effects
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Bungarotoxins/pharmacology
- Cattle
- Chickens
- Chromaffin System/cytology
- Chromaffin System/drug effects
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/analysis
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Electrophysiology
- Gene Expression
- Genomic Library
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oocytes/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Nicotinic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Xenopus
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García-Guzmán M, Sala F, Sala S, Campos-Caro A, Criado M. Role of two acetylcholine receptor subunit domains in homomer formation and intersubunit recognition, as revealed by alpha 3 and alpha 7 subunit chimeras. Biochemistry 1994; 33:15198-203. [PMID: 7999780 DOI: 10.1021/bi00254a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Differential expression of subunit genes from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) superfamily yields distinct receptor subtypes. As each AChR subtype has a specific subunit composition and many subunit combinations appear not to be expressed, each subunit must contain some information leading to proper assembly. The neuronal AChR subunits alpha 3 and alpha 7 are expressed in bovine chromaffin cells, probably as constituents of two different AChR subtypes. These subunits have different assembly behavior when expressed in heterologous expression systems: alpha 7 subunits are able to produce homomeric AChRs, whereas alpha 3 subunits require other "structural" subunits for functional expression of AChRs. This feature allows the dissection of the requirements for subunit interactions during AChR formation. Analysis of alpha 7/alpha 3 chimeric constructs identified two regions essential to homomeric assembly and intersubunit recognition: an N-terminal extracellular region, controlling the initial association between subunits, and a second domain within a region comprising the first putative transmembrane segment, M1, and the cytoplasmic loop coupling it to the pore-forming segment, M2, involved in the subsequent interaction and stabilization of the oligomeric complex.
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