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Yoo L, Mendoza D, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. KAT8 beyond Acetylation: A Survey of Its Epigenetic Regulation, Genetic Variability, and Implications for Human Health. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:639. [PMID: 38790268 PMCID: PMC11121512 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferase 8, also known as KAT8, is an enzyme involved in epigenetic regulation, primarily recognized for its ability to modulate histone acetylation. This review presents an overview of KAT8, emphasizing its biological functions, which impact many cellular processes and range from chromatin remodeling to genetic and epigenetic regulation. In many model systems, KAT8's acetylation of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) is critical for chromatin structure modification, which influences gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, this review summarizes the observed genetic variability within the KAT8 gene, underscoring the implications of various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect its functional efficacy and are linked to diverse phenotypic outcomes, ranging from metabolic traits to neurological disorders. Advanced insights into the structural biology of KAT8 reveal its interaction with multiprotein assemblies, such as the male-specific lethal (MSL) and non-specific lethal (NSL) complexes, which regulate a wide range of transcriptional activities and developmental functions. Additionally, this review focuses on KAT8's roles in cellular homeostasis, stem cell identity, DNA damage repair, and immune response, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. The implications of KAT8 in health and disease, as evidenced by recent studies, affirm its importance in cellular physiology and human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Yoo
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - David Mendoza
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (L.Y.); (D.M.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Chen Z, Huang C, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Xu M, Tang Y, Fan L, Feng K. A nonlinear associations of metabolic score for insulin resistance index with incident diabetes: A retrospective Chinese cohort study. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 3:1101276. [PMID: 36992743 PMCID: PMC10012088 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.1101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThe Metabolic score of insulin resistance (METS-IR) has recently been accepted as a reliable alternative to insulin resistance (IR), which was demonstrated to be consistent with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Few pieces of research have focused on the relationship between METS-IR and diabetes in Chinese. The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of METS-IR on new-onset diabetes in a large multicenter Chinese study.MethodsAt the baseline of this retrospective longitudinal research, 116855 participators were included in the Chinese cohort study administered from 2010 to 2016. The subjects were stratified by quartiles of METS-IR. To assess the effect of METS-IR on incident diabetes, the Cox regression model was constructed in this study. Stratification analysis and interaction tests were applied to detect the potential effect of METS-IR and incident diabetes among multiple subgroups. To verify whether there was a dose-response relationship between METS-IR and diabetes, a smooth curve fitting was performed. In addition, to further determine the performance of METS -IR in predicting incident diabetes, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was conducted.ResultsThe average age of the research participators was 44.08 ± 12.93 years, and 62868 (53.8%) were men. METS-IR were significant relationship with new-onset diabetes after adjusting for possible variables (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.077; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.073-1.082, P < 0.0001), the onset risk for diabetes in Quartile 4 group was 6.261-fold higher than those in Quartile 1 group. Moreover, stratified analyses and interaction tests showed that interaction was detected in the subgroup of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, there was no significant interaction between males and females. Furthermore, a dose-response correlation was detected between METS-IR and incident diabetes, the nonlinear relationship was revealed and the inflection point of METS-IR was calculated to be 44.43. When METS-IR≥44.43, compared with METS-IR < 44.43, the trend was gradually saturated, with log-likelihood ratio test P < 0.001. Additionally, the area under receiver operating characteristic of the METS-IR in predicting incident diabetes was 0.729, 0.718, and 0.720 at 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively.ConclusionsMETS-IR was correlated with incident diabetes significantly, and showed a nonlinear relationship. This study also found that METS-IR had good discrimination of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangsen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caiyan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Feng,
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Li X, Sun M, Yang Y, Yao N, Yan S, Wang L, Hu W, Guo R, Wang Y, Li B. Predictive Effect of Triglyceride Glucose-Related Parameters, Obesity Indices, and Lipid Ratios for Diabetes in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:862919. [PMID: 35432185 PMCID: PMC9007200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.862919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and new-onset diabetes under different glycemic states and to compare the predictive value of TyG-related parameters, obesity indices, and lipid ratios for new-onset diabetes. METHODS Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), consisting of 6,258 participants aged ≥45 years. Participants were grouped according to their glycemic states. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to explore the association between TyG index and diabetes. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to confirm the predictive value of the optimal marker. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive value. RESULTS TyG index was positively correlated with the risk of diabetes (hazard ratio (HR), 1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56-1.97), and the linear association existed (p < 0.001). The highest correlation with diabetes was visceral adiposity index (VAI) (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.44-2.90) in normal fasting glucose (NFG) group and TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.97-3.26) in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group. The largest area under curve (AUC) was observed in TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) in the NFG group (AUC, 0.613; 95% CI, 0.527-0.700), and TyG-BMI had the highest AUC in the IFG group (AUC, 0.643; 95% CI, 0.601-0.685). CONCLUSION The association between TyG index and new-onset diabetes was positive and linear. TyG-WHtR was a clinically effective marker for identifying the risks of diabetes in the NFG group and TyG-BMI was an effective marker to predict diabetes in the IFG group.
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Song M, Zheng Y, Qi L, Hu FB, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL. Longitudinal Analysis of Genetic Susceptibility and BMI Throughout Adult Life. Diabetes 2018; 67:248-255. [PMID: 29212779 PMCID: PMC5780056 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic influence on BMI trajectory throughout adulthood. We created a genetic risk score (GRS) comprising 97 adult BMI-associated variants among 9,971 women and 6,405 men of European ancestry. Serial measures of BMI were assessed from 18 (women) or 21 (men) years to 85 years of age. We also examined BMI change in early (from 18 or 21 to 45 years of age), middle (from 45 to 65 years of age), and late adulthood (from 65 to 80 years of age). GRS was positively associated with BMI across all ages, with stronger associations in women than in men. The associations increased from early to middle adulthood, peaked at 45 years of age in men and at 60 years of age in women (0.91 and 1.35 kg/m2 per 10-allele increment, respectively) and subsequently declined in late adulthood. For women, each 10-allele increment in the GRS was associated with an average BMI gain of 0.54 kg/m2 in early adulthood, whereas no statistically significant association was found for BMI change in middle or late adulthood or for BMI change in any life period in men. Our findings indicate that genetic predisposition exerts a persistent effect on adiposity throughout adult life and increases early adulthood weight gain in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Paprott R, Scheidt-Nave C, Heidemann C. Determinants of Change in Glycemic Status in Individuals with Prediabetes: Results from a Nationwide Cohort Study in Germany. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:5703652. [PMID: 30406150 PMCID: PMC6204174 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5703652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies investigating determinants of changes in glycemic status among individuals with prediabetes mainly focused on glucose-defined prediabetes. In this study, we examined determinants of a regression to normoglycemia or a progression to diabetes among individuals with HbA1c-defined prediabetes. The study included 817 participants (18-79 years) with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4% (39-47 mmol/mol)) at baseline. Glycemic status at follow-up was categorized as diagnosed diabetes (self-reported physician diagnosis or antidiabetic medication), undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol)), prediabetes (as defined at baseline), and normoglycemia (HbA1c < 5.7% (<39 mmol/mol)). Determinants of glycemic changes were identified by multinomial logistic regression (OR (95% CI)), with those remaining in the prediabetic state as reference. During a mean follow-up time of 12.0 years, 33.8% of the participants reverted to normoglycemia, 7.2% progressed to undiagnosed diabetes, 12.8% progressed to diagnosed diabetes, and 46.2% remained prediabetic. Determinants of a regression to normoglycemia were female sex (male vs. female: 0.67 (0.46; 0.98)) and higher HDL cholesterol levels (1.17 (1.02; 1.35) per 10 mg/dl). Determinants of a progression to undiagnosed or diagnosed diabetes were higher values of BMI (1.10 (1.02; 1.18); 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) per kg/m2), waist circumference (1.04 (1.01; 1.07); 1.06 (1.03; 1.09) per cm), alanine aminotransferase (1.06 (1.03; 1.09); 1.07 (1.03; 1.10) per U/l), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (1.02 (1.00; 1.03); 1.03 (1.01; 1.04) per U/l). Higher age (1.04 (1.02; 1.06) per year), female sex (male vs. female: 0.56 (0.33; 0.97)), and parental history of diabetes (yes vs. no: 1.82 (1.05; 3.15)) were further associated with a progression to diagnosed diabetes, whereas higher triglyceride levels (1.03 (1.01; 1.06) per 10 mg/dl) were associated with a progression to undiagnosed diabetes. In conclusion, among the investigated determinants, potentially modifiable anthropometric and metabolic markers were associated with glycemic changes in individuals with HbA1c-defined prediabetes. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for more refined case finding strategies for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Paprott
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Scheidt-Nave
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Heidemann
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101 Berlin, Germany
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Zheng S, Shi S, Ren X, Han T, Li Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Hou PC, Hu Y. Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference, a novel and effective predictor of diabetes in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients: cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2016; 14:260. [PMID: 27604550 PMCID: PMC5015232 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC have been reported as markers of insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, little is known about the associations between the aforementioned markers and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of T2DM patients. METHODS 1544 FDRs of T2DM patients (635 men and 909 women) were enrolled in the initial cross-sectional study and all of them finished corresponding examinations. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to compare and identify the associations of the six parameters (BMI, WC, VAI, TyG, TyG-BMI and TyG-WC) with the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes. Subsequently, 452 of them were followed-up for an average of 5 years. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to confirm the predictive value of the optimal marker. RESULTS Among the indices, TyG-WC was more strongly associated with the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of TyG-WC, the adjusted odds ratio and 95 % CIs for prediabetes and diabetes was 11.19 (7.62-16.42) for those in the top quartile of TyG-WC. Moreover, the largest AUC was also observed in TyG-WC (0.765, 95 % CIs 0.741-0.789, P < 0.001). The robust predictive value of TyG-WC was further confirmed in the follow-up study (HR: 7.13, 95 % CIs 3.41-14.90, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TyG-WC is a novel and clinically effective marker for early identifying the risks of prediabetes and diabetes in FDRs of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yangxue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Peter C Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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