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Huang S, Xu M, Da Q, Jing L, Wang H. Mitochondria-Targeted Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical Nanoparticles for Protection against Radiation-Induced Damage with Antioxidant Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:351. [PMID: 38254840 PMCID: PMC10814804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a non-invasive method that is widely applied to treat and alleviate cancers. However, radiation-induced effects in the immune system are associated with several side effects via an increase in oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective clinical radiological protection strategies for the radiological protection of the normal organs and immune system in these patients. To explore more effective radioprotective agents with minimal toxicity, a mitochondria-targeted nitronyl nitroxide radical with a triphenylphosphine ion (TPP-NIT) was synthesized and its nanoparticles (NPs-TPP-NIT) were prepared and characterized. The TPP-NIT nanoparticles (NPs-TPP-NIT) were narrow in their size distribution and uniformly distributed; they showed good drug encapsulation efficiency and a low hemolysis rate (<3%). The protective effect of NPs-TPP-NIT against X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative damage was measured in vitro and in vivo. The results show that NPs-TPP-NIT were associated with no obvious cytotoxicity to L-02 cells when the concentration was below 1.5 × 10-2 mmol. NPs-TPP-NIT enhanced the survival rate of L-02 cells significantly under 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy X-ray radiation exposure; the survival rate of mice was highest after 6 Gy X-ray irradiation. The results also show that NPs-TPP-NIT could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) levels after the L-02 cells were exposed to 6.0 Gy of X-ray radiation. Moreover, NPs-TPP-NIT could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis. NPs-TPP-NIT significantly increased the mouse survival rate after irradiation. NPs-TPP-NIT displayed a marked ability to reduce the irradiation-induced depletion of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (PLTs). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using NPs-TPP-NIT to provide protection from radiation-induced damage. In conclusion, this study revealed that NPs-TPP-NIT may be promising radioprotectors and could therefore be applied to protect healthy tissues and organs from radiation during the treatment of cancer with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigao Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qingyue Da
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Q.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Linlin Jing
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Q.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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2
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Bouges E, Segers C, Leys N, Lebeer S, Zhang J, Mastroleo F. Human Intestinal Organoids and Microphysiological Systems for Modeling Radiotoxicity and Assessing Radioprotective Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5859. [PMID: 38136404 PMCID: PMC10741417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a commonly employed treatment for colorectal cancer, yet its radiotoxicity-related impact on healthy tissues raises significant health concerns. This highlights the need to use radioprotective agents to mitigate these side effects. This review presents the current landscape of human translational radiobiology, outlining the limitations of existing models and proposing engineering solutions. We delve into radiotherapy principles, encompassing mechanisms of radiation-induced cell death and its influence on normal and cancerous colorectal cells. Furthermore, we explore the engineering aspects of microphysiological systems to represent radiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and how to include the gut microbiota to study its role in treatment failure and success. This review ultimately highlights the main challenges and future pathways in translational research for pelvic radiotherapy-induced toxicity. This is achieved by developing a humanized in vitro model that mimics radiotherapy treatment conditions. An in vitro model should provide in-depth analyses of host-gut microbiota interactions and a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of radioprotective food supplements. Additionally, it would be of great value if these models could produce high-throughput data using patient-derived samples to address the lack of human representability to complete clinical trials and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Bouges
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Charlotte Segers
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Natalie Leys
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
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Ji L, Cui P, Zhou S, Qiu L, Huang H, Wang C, Wang J. Advances of Amifostine in Radiation Protection: Administration and Delivery. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5383-5395. [PMID: 37747899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Amifostine (AMF, also known as WR-2721) is the only approved broad-spectrum small-molecule radiation protection agent that can combat hematopoietic damage caused by ionizing radiation and is used as an antitumor adjuvant and cell protector in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Amifostine is usually injected intravenously before chemotherapy or radiotherapy and has been used in the treatment of head and neck cancer. However, the inconvenient intravenous administration and its toxic side effects such as hypotension have severely limited its further application in clinic. In order to reduce the toxic and side effects, scientists are trying to develop a variety of drug administration methods and are devoted to developing a wide application of amifostine in radiation protection. This paper reviews the research progress of amifostine for radiation protection in recent years, discusses its mechanism of action, clinical application, and other aspects, with focus on summarizing the most widely studied amifostine injection administration and drug delivery systems, and explored the correlation between various administrations and drug efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Huang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
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Babu B, Pawar S, Mittal A, Kolanthai E, Neal CJ, Coathup M, Seal S. Nanotechnology enabled radioprotectants to reduce space radiation-induced reactive oxidative species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1896. [PMID: 37190884 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in space exploration has seen substantial growth following recent launch and operation of modern space technologies. In particular, the possibility of travel beyond low earth orbit is seeing sustained support. However, future deep space travel requires addressing health concerns for crews under continuous, longer-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Among these challenges, radiation-induced health issues are a major concern. Their potential to induce chronic illness is further potentiated by the microgravity environment. While investigations into the physiological effects of space radiation are still under investigation, studies on model ionizing radiation conditions, in earth and micro-gravity conditions, can provide needed insight into relevant processes. Substantial formation of high, sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution during radiation exposure is a clear threat to physiological health of space travelers, producing indirect damage to various cell structures and requiring therapeutic address. Radioprotection toward the skeletal system components is essential to astronaut health, due to the high radio-absorption cross-section of bone mineral and local hematopoiesis. Nanotechnology can potentially function as radioprotectant and radiomitigating agents toward ROS and direct radiation damage. Nanoparticle compositions such as gold, silver, platinum, carbon-based materials, silica, transition metal dichalcogenides, and ceria have all shown potential as viable radioprotectants to mitigate space radiation effects with nanoceria further showing the ability to protect genetic material from oxidative damage in several studies. As research into space radiation-induced health problems develops, this review intends to provide insights into the nanomaterial design to ameliorate pathological effects from ionizing radiation exposure. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaashwin Babu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shreya Pawar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Agastya Mittal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Weber Boutros S, Unni VK, Raber J. An Adaptive Role for DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Hippocampus-Dependent Learning and Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8352. [PMID: 35955487 PMCID: PMC9368779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), classified as the most harmful type of DNA damage based on the complexity of repair, lead to apoptosis or tumorigenesis. In aging, DNA damage increases and DNA repair decreases. This is exacerbated in disease, as post-mortem tissue from patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) show increased DSBs. A novel role for DSBs in immediate early gene (IEG) expression, learning, and memory has been suggested. Inducing neuronal activity leads to increases in DSBs and upregulation of IEGs, while increasing DSBs and inhibiting DSB repair impairs long-term memory and alters IEG expression. Consistent with this pattern, mice carrying dominant AD mutations have increased baseline DSBs, and impaired DSB repair is observed. These data suggest an adaptive role for DSBs in the central nervous system and dysregulation of DSBs and/or repair might drive age-related cognitive decline (ACD), MCI, and AD. In this review, we discuss the adaptive role of DSBs in hippocampus-dependent learning, memory, and IEG expression. We summarize IEGs, the history of DSBs, and DSBs in synaptic plasticity, aging, and AD. DSBs likely have adaptive functions in the brain, and even subtle alterations in their formation and repair could alter IEGs, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Weber Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Vivek K. Unni
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Parkinson Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Gao J, Qian J, Ma N, Han J, Cui F, chen N, Tu Y. Protective Effects of Polydatin on Reproductive Injury Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221107511. [PMID: 35783236 PMCID: PMC9244944 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive system is vulnerable to ionizing radiation, which is a hot research topic at present. We tested the effect of polydatin on spermatocytes(GC-1 cells) after X-ray irradiation. The reproductive damage model of C.elegans was established by 60Coγ-ray, and the protective effect of polydatin on reproductive damage caused by ionizing radiation was evaluated. We quantified the ROS levels of GC-1 cells and C.elegans after irradiation with polydatin and evaluated the anti-apoptosis effect of polydatin at proper concentration. Differential genes of C.elegans reproductive damage were screened out from transcriptome sequencing results and comparable GEO datasets. It was proved that 100μM polydatin significantly reduced the apoptosis of GC-1 cells induced by 2 Gy X-ray. In addition, the longevity, reproductive capacity, germ cell apoptosis and spawning and hatching capacity of polydatin were tested. The results showed that 100 μM polydatin content significantly increased the influence of 50 Gy 60Coγ-ray on reproductive capacity of C.elegans. Quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related genes and reproductive-related genes by qRT-PCR and Western blotcon firmed that polydatin with appropriate dosage had good protective effects on reproductive damage caused by radiation, which laid a foundation for the application research of polydatin in radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Qian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nan Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Na chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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Boutros SW, Krenik D, Holden S, Unni VK, Raber J. Common cancer treatments targeting DNA double strand breaks affect long-term memory and relate to immediate early gene expression in a sex-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2022; 13:198-213. [PMID: 35106123 PMCID: PMC8794536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have been highly studied in the context of cancers, as DSBs can lead to apoptosis or tumorigenesis. Several pharmaceuticals are widely used to target DSBs during cancer therapy. Amifostine (WR-2721) and etoposide are two commonly used drugs: amifostine reduces DSBs, whereas etoposide increases DSBs. Recently, a novel role for DSBs in immediate early gene expression, learning, and memory has been suggested. Neither amifostine nor etoposide have been assessed for their effects on learning and memory without confounding factors. Moreover, sex-dependent effects of these drugs have not been reported. We administered amifostine or etoposide to 3-4-month-old male and female C57Bl/6J mice before or after training in fear conditioning and assessed learning, memory, and immediate early genes. We observed sex-dependent baseline and drug-induced differences, with females expressing higher cFos and FosB levels than males. These were affected by both amifostine and etoposide. Post-training injections of amifostine affected long-term contextual fear memory; etoposide affected contextual and cued fear memory. These data support the hypothesis that DSBs contribute to learning and memory, and that these could play a part in cognitive side effects during common treatment regimens. The sex-dependent effects also highlight an important factor when considering treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Weber Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Destine Krenik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Holden
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Vivek K. Unni
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU Parkinson Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, The Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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8
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Yang M, Chen Y, Vagionitis S, Körtvely E, Ueffing M, Schmachtenberg O, Hu Z, Jiao K, Paquet-Durand F. Expression of glucose transporter-2 in murine retina: Evidence for glucose transport from horizontal cells to photoreceptor synapses. J Neurochem 2021; 160:283-296. [PMID: 34726780 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The retina has the highest relative energy consumption of any tissue, depending on a steady supply of glucose from the bloodstream. Glucose uptake is mediated by specific transporters whose regulation and expression are critical for the pathogenesis of many diseases, including diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Here, we used immunofluorescence to show that glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) is expressed in horizontal cells of the mouse neuroretina in proximity to inner retinal capillaries. To study the function of GLUT2 in the murine retina, we used organotypic retinal explants, cultivated under entirely controlled, serum-free conditions and exposed them to streptozotocin, a cytotoxic drug transported exclusively by GLUT2. Contrary to our expectations, streptozotocin did not measurably affect horizontal cell viability, while it ablated rod and cone photoreceptors in a concentration-dependent manner. Staining for poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) indicated that the detrimental effect of streptozotocin on photoreceptors may be associated with DNA damage. The negative effect of streptozotocin on the viability of rod photoreceptors was counteracted by co-administration of either the inhibitor of connexin-formed hemi-channels meclofenamic acid or the blocker of clathrin-mediated endocytosis dynasore. Remarkably, cone photoreceptors were not protected from streptozotocin-induced degeneration by neither of the two drugs. Overall, these data suggest the existence of a GLUT2-dependent glucose transport shuttle, from horizontal cells into photoreceptor synapses. Moreover, our study points at different glucose uptake mechanisms in rod and cone photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University & 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Eye Institute & Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stavros Vagionitis
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elöd Körtvely
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O), Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- CINV, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Zhulin Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University & 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Eye Institute & Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Kangwei Jiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University & 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Eye Institute & Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Mapuskar KA, Steinbach EJ, Zaher A, Riley DP, Beardsley RA, Keene JL, Holmlund JT, Anderson CM, Zepeda-Orozco D, Buatti JM, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase in Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091329. [PMID: 34572961 PMCID: PMC8469643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy agent commonly used to treat a wide variety of cancers. Despite the potential for both severe acute and chronic side effects, it remains a preferred therapeutic option for many malignancies due to its potent anti-tumor activity. Common cisplatin-associated side-effects include acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These renal injuries may cause delays and potentially cessation of cisplatin therapy and have long-term effects on renal function reserve. Thus, developing mechanism-based interventional strategies that minimize cisplatin-associated kidney injury without reducing efficacy would be of great benefit. In addition to its action of cross-linking DNA, cisplatin has been shown to affect mitochondrial metabolism, resulting in mitochondrially derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS formation in renal proximal convoluted tubule cells is associated with cisplatin-induced AKI and CKD. We review the mechanisms by which cisplatin may induce AKI and CKD and discuss the potential of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetics to prevent platinum-associated nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Emily J. Steinbach
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Amira Zaher
- Biomedical Science Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dennis P. Riley
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Robert A. Beardsley
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Jeffery L. Keene
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Jon T. Holmlund
- Galera Therapeutics, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA; (D.P.R.); (R.A.B.); (J.L.K.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Carryn M. Anderson
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - John M. Buatti
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.A.M.); (E.J.S.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.B.); (D.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-8019; Fax: +1-319-335-8039
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10
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Sarkar AA, Allyn DM, Delay RJ, Delay ER. Cyclophosphamide-Induced Inflammation of Taste Buds and Cytoprotection by Amifostine. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6308476. [PMID: 34161570 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste buds in the oral cavity have a complex immune system regulating normal functions and inflammatory reactions. Cyclophosphamide (CYP), a chemotherapy drug, has wide-ranging disruptive effects on the taste system including loss of taste function, taste sensory cells, and capacity for taste cell renewal. In bladder epithelium, CYP also induces inflammation. To determine if CYP induces inflammation in taste buds, we used immunohistochemistry to examine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (a proinflammatory cytokine) expression over a 72-hour period. Expression of TNF-α increased in a subset of PLCβ2 labeled (Type II) cells, but not SNAP-25 labeled (Type III) cells, between 8 and 24 h postinjection and declined slowly thereafter. This inflammatory response may play an important role in the disruptive effects of CYP on the taste system. Further, pretreatment with amifostine, a sulfhydryl drug known to protect normal tissues during chemo- or radiation therapy, reduced the amount of CYP-induced TNF-α expression in taste buds, suggesting this drug is capable of protecting normal cells of the taste system from adverse effects of CYP. Amifostine, used as a pretreatment to CYP and possibly other chemotherapy drugs, may offer clinical support for preventing negative side effects of chemotherapy on the taste system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish A Sarkar
- Department of Biology and Vermont Chemosensory Group, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - David M Allyn
- Department of Biology and Vermont Chemosensory Group, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Program of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 107 Towne Building, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391, USA
| | - Rona J Delay
- Department of Biology and Vermont Chemosensory Group, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Eugene R Delay
- Department of Biology and Vermont Chemosensory Group, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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11
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Katsila T, Chasapi SA, Gomez Tamayo JC, Chalikiopoulou C, Siapi E, Moros G, Zoumpoulakis P, Spyroulias GA, Kardamakis D. Three-Dimensional Cell Metabolomics Deciphers the Anti-Angiogenic Properties of the Radioprotectant Amifostine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122877. [PMID: 34207535 PMCID: PMC8230228 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer and inflammation share aberrant angiogenesis as a hallmark, and, thus, anti-angiogenetic strategies remain of key interest. Amifostine, which is already a drug on the market, may be of further benefit to patients also in the context of drug repurposing. To shed light on the anti-angiogenic properties of amifostine during human adult angiogenesis and grasp the early events of angiogenesis, we employed 3D cell untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor-A or deferoxamine (pro-angiogenic factors that exhibit distinct angiogenesis induction profiles). Our findings reveal mechanism-specific inhibitory profiles of amifostine against VEGF-A- and deferoxamine-induced angiogenesis. Amifostine may serve as a dual radioprotective and anti-angiogenic agent in radiotherapy patients. Abstract Aberrant angiogenesis is a hallmark for cancer and inflammation, a key notion in drug repurposing efforts. To delineate the anti-angiogenic properties of amifostine in a human adult angiogenesis model via 3D cell metabolomics and upon a stimulant-specific manner, a 3D cellular angiogenesis assay that recapitulates cell physiology and drug action was coupled to untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The early events of angiogenesis upon its most prominent stimulants (vascular endothelial growth factor-A or deferoxamine) were addressed by cell sprouting measurements. Data analyses consisted of a series of supervised and unsupervised methods as well as univariate and multivariate approaches to shed light on mechanism-specific inhibitory profiles. The 3D untargeted cell metabolomes were found to grasp the early events of angiogenesis. Evident of an initial and sharp response, the metabolites identified primarily span amino acids, sphingolipids, and nucleotides. Profiles were pathway or stimulant specific. The amifostine inhibition profile was rather similar to that of sunitinib, yet distinct, considering that the latter is a kinase inhibitor. Amifostine inhibited both. The 3D cell metabolomics shed light on the anti-angiogenic effects of amifostine against VEGF-A- and deferoxamine-induced angiogenesis. Amifostine may serve as a dual radioprotective and anti-angiogenic agent in radiotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katsila
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-3752
| | - Styliani A. Chasapi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.A.C.); (G.A.S.)
| | | | - Constantina Chalikiopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Eleni Siapi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Giorgos Moros
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (P.Z.)
| | | | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece;
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12
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van Gisbergen MW, Zwilling E, Dubois LJ. Metabolic Rewiring in Radiation Oncology Toward Improving the Therapeutic Ratio. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653621. [PMID: 34041023 PMCID: PMC8143268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the anabolic demands of the proliferative potential of tumor cells, malignant cells tend to rewire their metabolic pathways. Although different types of malignant cells share this phenomenon, there is a large intracellular variability how these metabolic patterns are altered. Fortunately, differences in metabolic patterns between normal tissue and malignant cells can be exploited to increase the therapeutic ratio. Modulation of cellular metabolism to improve treatment outcome is an emerging field proposing a variety of promising strategies in primary tumor and metastatic lesion treatment. These strategies, capable of either sensitizing or protecting tissues, target either tumor or normal tissue and are often focused on modulating of tissue oxygenation, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilization, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function and the redox balance. Several compounds or therapies are still in under (pre-)clinical development, while others are already used in clinical practice. Here, we describe different strategies from bench to bedside to optimize the therapeutic ratio through modulation of the cellular metabolism. This review gives an overview of the current state on development and the mechanism of action of modulators affecting cellular metabolism with the aim to improve the radiotherapy response on tumors or to protect the normal tissue and therefore contribute to an improved therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emma Zwilling
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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13
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Radioprotective Effects of Kelulut Honey in Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061557. [PMID: 33809054 PMCID: PMC8000245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Large doses of ionizing radiation can damage human tissues. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the radiation effects as well as identify effective and non-toxic radioprotectors. This study evaluated the radioprotective effects of Kelulut honey (KH) from stingless bee (Trigona sp.) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Viable zebrafish embryos at 24 hpf were dechorionated and divided into four groups, namely untreated and non-irradiated, untreated and irradiated, KH pre-treatment and amifostine pre-treatment. The embryos were first treated with KH (8 mg/mL) or amifostine (4 mM) before irradiation at doses of 11 Gy to 20 Gy using gamma ray source, caesium-137 (137Cs). Lethality and abnormality analysis were performed on all of the embryos in the study. Immunohistochemistry assay was also performed using selected proteins, namely γ-H2AX and caspase-3, to investigate DNA damages and incidences of apoptosis. KH was found to reduce coagulation effects at up to 20 Gy in the lethality analysis. The embryos developed combinations of abnormality, namely microphthalmia (M), body curvature and microphthalmia (BM), body curvature with microphthalmia and microcephaly (BMC), microphthalmia and pericardial oedema (MO), pericardial oedema (O), microphthalmia with microcephaly and pericardial oedema (MCO) and all of the abnormalities (AA). There were more abnormalities developed from 24 to 72 h (h) post-irradiation in all groups. At 96 h post-irradiation, KH was identified to reduce body curvature effect in the irradiated embryos (up to 16 Gy). γ-H2AX and caspase-3 intensities in the embryos pre-treated with KH were also found to be lower than the untreated group at gamma irradiation doses of 11 Gy to 20 Gy and 11 Gy to 19 Gy, respectively. KH was proven to increase the survival rate of zebrafish embryos and exhibited protection against organ-specific abnormality. KH was also found to possess cellular protective mechanism by reducing DNA damage and apoptosis proteins expression.
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14
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Mukherjee S, Dutta A, Chakraborty A. External modulators and redox homeostasis: Scenario in radiation-induced bystander cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108368. [PMID: 34083032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is imperative to maintain normal physiologic and metabolic functions. Radiotherapy disturbs this balance and induces genomic instability in diseased cells. However, radiation-induced effects propagate beyond the targeted cells, affecting the adjacent non-targeted cells (bystander effects). The cellular impact of radiation, thus, encompasses both targeted and non-targeted effects. Use of external modulators along with radiation can increase radio-therapeutic efficiency. The modulators' classification as protectors or sensitizers depends on interactions with damaged DNA molecules. Thus, it is necessary to realize the functions of various radio-sensitizers or radio-protectors in both irradiated and bystander cells. This review focuses on some modulators of radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) and their action mechanisms. Knowledge about the underlying signaling cross-talk may promote selective sensitization of radiation-targeted cells and protection of bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Dutta
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India.
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15
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Ge C, Su F, Fu H, Wang Y, Tian B, Liu B, Zhu J, Ding Y, Zheng X. RNA Profiling Reveals a Common Mechanism of Histone Gene Downregulation and Complementary Effects for Radioprotectants in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820968433. [PMID: 33117095 PMCID: PMC7573744 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820968433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) alters the expression levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, the roles of ncRNAs and mRNAs in mediating radiation protection by radioprotectants remain unknown. Microarrays were used to determine microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), and mRNA expression profiles in the bone marrow of irradiated mice pretreated with amifostine, CBLB502, and nilestriol. Differentially expressed mRNAs were functionally annotated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Some histone cluster genes were validated by real-time PCR, and the effects of radioprotectant combinations were monitored by survival analysis. We found that these radioprotectants increased the induction of lncRNAs and mRNAs. miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA expression patterns were similar with amifostine and CBLB502, but not nilestriol. The radioprotectants exhibited mostly opposite effects against IR-induced miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs while inducing a common histone gene downregulation following IR, mainly via nucleosome assembly and related signaling pathways. Notably, the effects of nilestriol significantly complemented those of amisfostine or CBLB502; low-dose drug combinations resulted in better radioprotective effects in pretreated mice. Thus, we present histone gene downregulation by radioprotectants, together with the biological functions of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA, to explain the mechanism underlying radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Ge
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjiang Fu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baolei Tian
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- 5th Medical Center, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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17
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Alterations in Tissue Metabolite Profiles with Amifostine-Prophylaxed Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050211. [PMID: 32455594 PMCID: PMC7281564 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to high-dose ionizing irradiation has the potential to severely injure the hematopoietic system and its capacity to produce vital blood cells that innately serve to ward off infections and excessive bleeding. Developing a medical radiation countermeasure that can protect individuals from the damaging effects of irradiation remains a significant, unmet need and an area of great public health interest and concern. Despite significant advancements in the field of radiation countermeasure development to find a nontoxic and effective prophylactic agent for acute radiation syndrome, no such drug has yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This study focuses on examining the metabolic corrections elicited by amifostine, a potent radioprotector, on tissues of vital body organs, such as the heart, spleen, and kidney. Our findings indicate that prophylaxis with this drug offers significant protection against potentially lethal radiation injury, in part, by correction of radiation-induced metabolic pathway perturbations.
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18
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King M, Joseph S, Albert A, Thomas TV, Nittala MR, Woods WC, Vijayakumar S, Packianathan S. Use of Amifostine for Cytoprotection during Radiation Therapy: A Review. Oncology 2019; 98:61-80. [PMID: 31846959 DOI: 10.1159/000502979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of the therapeutic modalities used in modern oncology. However, it is sometimes limited in its ability to achieve optimal tumor control by radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity. In delivering radiation therapy, a balance must be achieved between maximizing the dose to the tumor and minimizing any injury to the normal tissues. Amifostine was the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical radiation protector intended to reduce the impact of radiation on normal tissue, lessening its toxicity and potentially allowing for increased tumor dose/control. Despite being FDA-approved almost 20 years ago, Amifostine has yet to achieve widespread clinical use. SUMMARY A thorough review of Amifostine's development, mechanism of action, and current clinical status were conducted. A brief history of Amifostine is given, from its development at Walter Reid Institute of Research to its approval for clinical use. The mechanism of action of Amifostine is explored. The results of a complete literature review of all prospective randomized trials to date involving the use of Amifostine in radiation therapy are presented. The results are arranged by treatment site and salient findings discussed. Side effects and complications to consider in using Amifostine are reviewed. Key Messages: Amifostine has been explored as a radiation protectant in most radiation treatment sites. Studies have demonstrated efficacy of Amifostine in all treatment sites reviewed, but results are heterogeneous. The heterogeneity of studies looking at Amifostine as a clinical radiation protectant has precluded a definitive answer on its efficacy. Complicating its clinical use is its toxicity and delivery requirements. Amifostine has largely fallen out of use with the advent of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). However, side effects with IMRT remain a challenge and concern. The use of Amifostine in the IMRT era has been poorly explored and is worthy of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice King
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sanjay Joseph
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ashley Albert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Toms V Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mary R Nittala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA,
| | - William C Woods
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Srinivasan Vijayakumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Satyaseelan Packianathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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19
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Singh VK, Seed TM. The efficacy and safety of amifostine for the acute radiation syndrome. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2019; 18:1077-1090. [PMID: 31526195 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1666104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A radiation countermeasure that can be used prior to radiation exposure to protect the population from the harmful effects of radiation exposure remains a major unmet medical need and is recognized as an important area for research. Despite substantial advances in the research and development for finding nontoxic, safe, and effective prophylactic countermeasures for the acute radiation syndrome (ARS), no such agent has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Area covered: Despite the progress made to improve the effectiveness of amifostine as a radioprotector for ARS, none of the strategies have resolved the issue of its toxicity/side effects. Thus, the FDA has approved amifostine for limited clinical indications, but not for non-clinical uses. This article reviews recent strategies and progress that have been made to move forward this potentially useful countermeasure for ARS. Expert opinion: Although the recent investigations have been promising for fielding safe and effective radiation countermeasures, additional work is needed to improve and advance drug design and delivery strategies to get FDA approval for broadened, non-clinical use of amifostine during a radiological/nuclear scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
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20
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Amini P, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Cheki M, Farhood B, Yahyapour R, Shirazi A, Goushbolagh NA, Najafi M. Mechanisms for Radioprotection by Melatonin; Can it be Used as a Radiation Countermeasure? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:2-11. [PMID: 30073934 DOI: 10.2174/1874467211666180802164449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a natural body product that has shown potent antioxidant property against various toxic agents. For more than two decades, the abilities of melatonin as a potent radioprotector against toxic effects of ionizing radiation (IR) have been proved. However, in the recent years, several studies have been conducted to illustrate how melatonin protects normal cells against IR. Studies proposed that melatonin is able to directly neutralize free radicals produced by IR, leading to the production of some low toxic products. DISCUSSION Moreover, melatonin affects several signaling pathways, such as inflammatory responses, antioxidant defense, DNA repair response enzymes, pro-oxidant enzymes etc. Animal studies have confirmed that melatonin is able to alleviate radiation-induced cell death via inhibiting pro-apoptosis and upregulation of anti-apoptosis genes. These properties are very interesting for clinical radiotherapy applications, as well as mitigation of radiation injury in a possible radiation disaster. An interesting property of melatonin is mitochondrial ROS targeting that has been proposed as a strategy for mitigating effects in radiosensitive organs, such as bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and lungs. However, there is a need to prove the mitigatory effects of melatonin in experimental studies. CONCLUSION In this review, we aim to clarify the molecular mechanisms of radioprotective effects of melatonin, as well as possible applications as a radiation countermeasure in accidental exposure or nuclear/radiological disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yahyapour
- Department of Medical School, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nouraddin Abdi Goushbolagh
- Department of medical Physics, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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21
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Metabolic Pathways of the Warburg Effect in Health and Disease: Perspectives of Choice, Chain or Chance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122755. [PMID: 29257069 PMCID: PMC5751354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focus on the Warburg effect, initially descriptive of increased glycolysis in cancer cells, has served to illuminate mitochondrial function in many other pathologies. This review explores our current understanding of the Warburg effect’s role in cancer, diabetes and ageing. We highlight how it can be regulated through a chain of oncogenic events, as a chosen response to impaired glucose metabolism or by chance acquisition of genetic changes associated with ageing. Such chain, choice or chance perspectives can be extended to help understand neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease, providing clues with scope for therapeutic intervention. It is anticipated that exploration of Warburg effect pathways in extreme conditions, such as deep space, will provide further insights crucial for comprehending complex metabolic diseases, a frontier for medicine that remains equally significant for humanity in space and on earth.
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Wang H, Mu X, He H, Zhang XD. Cancer Radiosensitizers. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 39:24-48. [PMID: 29224916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer, although it is still a large challenge to enhance radiation damage to tumor tissue and reduce side effects to healthy tissue. Radiosensitizers are promising agents that enhance injury to tumor tissue by accelerating DNA damage and producing free radicals. Several strategies have been exploited to develop highly effective and low-toxicity radiosensitizers. In this review, we highlight recent progress on radiosensitizers, including small molecules, macromolecules, and nanomaterials. First, small molecules are reviewed based on free radicals, pseudosubstrates, and other mechanisms. Second, nanomaterials, such as nanometallic materials, especially gold-based materials that have flexible surface engineering and favorable kinetic properties, have emerged as promising radiosensitizers. Finally, emerging macromolecules have shown significant advantages in RT because these molecules can be combined with biological therapy as well as drug delivery. Further research on the mechanisms of radioresistance and multidisciplinary approaches will accelerate the development of radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Number 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; These authors have contributed equally
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; These authors have contributed equally
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
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