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Kawade G, Kurata M, Matsuki Y, Fukuda S, Onishi I, Kinowaki Y, Watabe S, Ishibashi S, Ikeda M, Yamamoto M, Ohashi K, Kitagawa M, Yamamoto K. Mediation of Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 Expression via 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Accumulation Contributes to Acquisition of Resistance to Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102027. [PMID: 38311062 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma. New therapeutic strategies are needed for the treatment of refractory DLBCL. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is a cytotoxic lipid peroxidation marker, which alters intracellular signaling and induces genetic mutations. Lipid peroxidation is associated with nonapoptotic cell death, called ferroptosis. However, the relationship between 4-HNE accumulation and feroptotic regulators in DLBCL has not been fully evaluated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the accumulation of lipid peroxide and the expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) in DLBCL using immunohistochemistry. We found a significant increase in the expression of FSP1 in cases with nuclear 4-HNE accumulation (P = .021). Both nuclear and cytoplasmic 4-HNE accumulation and FSP1 positivity were independent predictors of worse prognosis. In vitro exposure to 4-HNE resulted in its concentration- and time-dependent intracellular accumulation and increased expression of FSP1. Furthermore, short-term (0.25 and 1.0 μM) or long-term (0.25 μM) exposure to 4-HNE induced resistance to not only apoptosis but also ferroptosis. Taken together, regulation of FSP1 through 4-HNE accumulation may attenuate resistance to cell death in treatment-resistant DLBCL and might help develop novel therapeutic strategies for refractory DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genji Kawade
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morito Kurata
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsuki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Fukuda
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iichiroh Onishi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kinowaki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Watabe
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ishibashi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Ikeda
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang CL, Luo PQ, Hu FY, Li Y, Sung CL, Kuang YH, Lin SC, Yang ZW, Li CP, Huang SH, Hechanova SL, Jena KK, Hsieh CH, Chuang WP. Pyramiding BPH genes in rice maintains resistance against the brown planthopper under climate change. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1740-1750. [PMID: 38015011 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper; BPH) is a significant rice pest in Asia, causing substantial yield losses. Pyramiding BPH resistance genes with diverse resistance traits into rice cultivars is an effective strategy for pest management. However, the response of pyramiding combinations to environmental changes remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated three pyramiding rice lines (BPH2 + 32, BPH9 + 32, and BPH18 + 32) in the context of varying climate change conditions, ensuring sufficient N. lugens-rice interactions. Thus, we set three environmental conditions [30/25 °C (day/night) with 500 ppm CO2 concentration, 32/27 °C (day/night) with 600 ppm CO2 concentration, and 35/30 °C (day/night) with 1000 ppm CO2 concentration]. RESULTS All three pyramiding rice lines maintained the insect resistant ability under the three environmental settings. In particular, the BPH18 + 32 rice line exhibited stronger antibiotic and antixenosis effects against N. lugens. In addition, BPH18 + 32 rice line had better shoot resilience under N. lugens infestation, whereas the performance of the other two selected pyramiding rice lines varied. Thus, although BPH2, BPH9, and BPH18 represent three alleles at the same locus, their resistance levels against N. lugens may vary under distinct climate change scenarios, as evidenced by the performance of N. lugens on the three pyramiding rice lines. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that all three tested pyramiding rice lines maintained their insect resistance in the face of diverse climate change scenarios. However, these lines exhibited varied repellent responses and resilience capacities in response to climate change. Thus, the combination of pyramiding genes needs to be considered for future breeding programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lu Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Qi Luo
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lin Sung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hung Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ching Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Wei Yang
- Crop Improvement Division, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Pei Li
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Horng Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Sherry Lou Hechanova
- Novel Gene Resources Laboratory, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Makati, Philippines
| | - Kshirod K Jena
- Novel Gene Resources Laboratory, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Makati, Philippines
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hong C, Huang Y, Cao S, Wang L, Yang X, Hu S, Gao K, Jiang Z, Xiao H. Accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors: Does the dose matter in swine production? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 38273345 PMCID: PMC10811888 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of physiological problems in swine, including reduced production efficiency. Recently, although there has been increased research into regulatory mechanisms and antioxidant strategies in relation to oxidative stress-induced pig production, it remains so far largely unsuccessful to develop accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors. Here, we discuss the dose and dose intensity of the causes of oxidative stress involving physiological, environmental and dietary factors, recent research models and the antioxidant strategies to provide theoretical guidance for future oxidative stress research in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiguo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Ou J, Wang Z, Huang H, Chen J, Liu X, Jia X, Song B, Cheong KL, Gao Y, Zhong S. Intervention effects of sulfate glycosaminoglycan from swim bladder against arsenic-induced damage in IEC-6 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126460. [PMID: 37619679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a purified macromolecular sulfate glycosaminoglycan whose structural characterization is similar to chondroitin sulfate from the swim bladder of Aristichthys nobilis, named SBSG, was used to explore the intervention effects on arsenic-induced intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) damage. Arsenic exposure led to cell membrane rupture, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and down-regulation of tight junction proteins expression. Treatment with SBSG could alleviate arsenic exposure-induced cell damage by decreasing the extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity and influencing mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species level, malondialdehyde content, and anti-oxidative enzyme activity. On the other hand, SBSG could promote nitric oxide production to achieve potential immunoregulation. The Western blot showed that intervention of SBSG mainly could restrain the activation of the JNK signaling pathway and up-regulate the expression of ZO-1 against arsenic-induced cell damage. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the heavy metal detoxification of SBSG on the intestinal and indicates that SBSG could be used as natural antioxidant resistant to heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Ou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Houpei Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xuejing Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Karpe AV, Hutton ML, Mileto SJ, James ML, Evans C, Ghodke AB, Shah RM, Metcalfe SS, Liu JW, Walsh T, Lyras D, Palombo EA, Beale DJ. Gut Microbial Perturbation and Host Response Induce Redox Pathway Upregulation along the Gut-Liver Axis during Giardiasis in C57BL/6J Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021636. [PMID: 36675151 PMCID: PMC9862352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan infections, such as giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, negatively impact a considerable proportion of human and commercial livestock populations. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms of disease, particularly the effect on the body beyond the gastrointestinal tract, are still poorly understood. To highlight host-parasite-microbiome biochemical interactions, we utilised integrated metabolomics-16S rRNA genomics and metabolomics-proteomics approaches in a C57BL/6J mouse model of giardiasis and compared these to Cryptosporidium and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infections. Comprehensive samples (faeces, blood, liver, and luminal contents from duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon) were collected 10 days post infection and subjected to proteome and metabolome analysis by liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Microbial populations in faeces and luminal washes were examined using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Proteome-metabolome analyses indicated that 12 and 16 key pathways were significantly altered in the gut and liver, respectively, during giardiasis with respect to other infections. Energy pathways including glycolysis and supporting pathways of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and the redox pathway of glutathione metabolism, were upregulated in small intestinal luminal contents and the liver during giardiasis. Metabolomics-16S rRNA genetics integration indicated that populations of three bacterial families-Autopobiaceae (Up), Desulfovibrionaceae (Up), and Akkermanasiaceae (Down)-were most significantly affected across the gut during giardiasis, causing upregulated glycolysis and short-chained fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. In particular, the perturbed Akkermanasiaceae population seemed to cause oxidative stress responses along the gut-liver axis. Overall, the systems biology approach applied in this study highlighted that the effects of host-parasite-microbiome biochemical interactions extended beyond the gut ecosystem to the gut-liver axis. These findings form the first steps in a comprehensive comparison to ascertain the major molecular and biochemical contributors of host-parasite interactions and contribute towards the development of biomarker discovery and precision health solutions for apicomplexan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V. Karpe
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Hutton
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Steven J. Mileto
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Meagan L. James
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Chris Evans
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Amol B. Ghodke
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Horticulture, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rohan M. Shah
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Suzanne S. Metcalfe
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Precinct, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tom Walsh
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Precinct, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Enzo A. Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - David J. Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Electrophilic Aldehyde 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Mediated Signaling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111555. [PMID: 36358905 PMCID: PMC9687674 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product of aerobic life, are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons. The excess of ROS leads to oxidative stress, instigating the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the lipid membrane through a free radical chain reaction and the formation of the most bioactive aldehyde, known as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). 4-HNE functions as a signaling molecule and toxic product and acts mainly by forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The mitochondria have been implicated as a site for 4-HNE generation and adduction. Several studies clarified how 4-HNE affects the mitochondria's functions, including bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics. Our research group has shown that 4-HNE activates mitochondria apoptosis-inducing factor (AIFM2) translocation and facilitates apoptosis in mice and human heart tissue during anti-cancer treatment. Recently, we demonstrated that a deficiency of SOD2 in the conditional-specific cardiac knockout mouse increases ROS, and subsequent production of 4-HNE inside mitochondria leads to the adduction of several mitochondrial respiratory chain complex proteins. Moreover, we highlighted the physiological functions of HNE and discussed their relevance in human pathophysiology and current discoveries concerning 4-HNE effects on mitochondria.
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A noncanonical function of EIF4E limits ALDH1B1 activity and increases susceptibility to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6318. [PMID: 36274088 PMCID: PMC9588786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death that is emerging as a therapeutic target for cancer. However, the mechanisms of ferroptosis during the generation and detoxification of lipid peroxidation products remain rather poorly defined. Here, we report an unexpected role for the eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4E as a determinant of ferroptotic sensitivity by controlling lipid peroxidation. A drug screening identified 4EGI-1 and 4E1RCat (previously known as EIF4E-EIF4G1 interaction inhibitors) as powerful inhibitors of ferroptosis. Genetic and functional studies showed that EIF4E (but not EIF4G1) promotes ferroptosis in a translation-independent manner. Using mass spectrometry and subsequent protein-protein interaction analysis, we identified EIF4E as an endogenous repressor of ALDH1B1 in mitochondria. ALDH1B1 belongs to the family of aldehyde dehydrogenases and may metabolize the aldehyde substrate 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) at high concentrations. Supraphysiological levels of 4HNE triggered ferroptosis, while low concentrations of 4HNE increased the cell susceptibility to classical ferroptosis inducers by activating the NOX1 pathway. Accordingly, EIF4E-dependent ALDH1B1 inhibition enhanced the anticancer activity of ferroptosis inducers in vitro and in vivo. Our results support a key function of EIF4E in orchestrating lipid peroxidation to ignite ferroptosis.
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The role of some lipids and their metabolites in programmed cell death (lipoapoptosis). ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipoapoptosis signaling pathways has expanded considerably. However, many mechanisms of apoptosis induction by lipids as well as molecules mediating intracellular and systemic signals belonging to AOS/enzyme-dependent phospholipid metabolites are not completely clear.This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death induction by some lipid molecules. Literature search was performed in the database “PubMed”, “eLIBRARY” using key words: “apoptosis”, “lipids”, “fatty acids”, “eicosanoids”, “reactive oxygen species”.A brief characterization of the signaling pathways of apoptosis is given. The role of reactive oxygen species and their dependent products of lipid peroxidation in the regulation of the main signaling pathways of apoptosis are shown. Particular attention is paid to the product of phospholipid metabolism – 4-hydroxynonenal.Pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of some prostaglandins are demonstrated. Arguments are presented that prostaglandins of series J and D are pro-apoptotic in most cells, and this effect depends on activation of the prostanoid receptor DP2 and on reduction of AKT kinase activity. In contrast, the E-series prostaglandins and hydroxyecosatetraenoic acid act opposite to the J-series and D-series prostaglandins, reducing apoptosis by activating AKT and increasing Bcl-2 protein expression.The role of individual fatty acids involved in the initiation and transduction of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals is assessed. It was shown that saturated fatty acids have the maximum damaging potential than their unsaturated counterparts. An in-depth understanding and deciphering of the mechanisms by which lipids and their metabolites modulate the activation of signaling pathways of programmed cell death can help to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent a number of diseases associated with impaired regulation of apoptosis.
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Seike T, Boontem P, Yanagi M, Li S, Kido H, Yamamiya D, Nakagawa H, Okada H, Yamashita T, Harada K, Kikuchi M, Shiraishi Y, Ozaki N, Kaneko S, Yamashima T, Mizukoshi E. Hydroxynonenal Causes Hepatocyte Death by Disrupting Lysosomal Integrity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:925-944. [PMID: 35787976 PMCID: PMC9500440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The lipid oxidation is a key factor for damaging hepatocytes and causing cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying hepatocyte death and the role of the most popular lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. METHODS We demonstrated using hepatoma cell lines, a NASH mouse model, HNE-treated monkeys, and biopsy specimens from patients with NASH that HNE induced hepatocyte death by disintegrating the lysosomal limiting membrane. RESULTS The degree of HNE deposition in human NASH hepatocytes was more severe in cases with high lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis scores, and was associated with enlargement of the staining of lysosomes in hepatocytes. In in vitro experiments, HNE activated μ-calpain via G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 120. The resultant rupture/permeabilization of the lysosomal limiting membrane induced the leakage of cathepsins from lysosomes and hepatocyte death. The blockade of G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) or μ-calpain expression suppressed lysosomal membrane damage and hepatocyte death by HNE. Alda-1, which activates aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 to degrade HNE, prevented HNE-induced hepatocyte death. Intravenous administration of HNE to monkeys for 6 months resulted in hepatocyte death by a mechanism similar to that of cultured cells. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of Alda-1 to choline-deficient, amino-acid defined treated mice for 8 weeks inhibited HNE deposition, decreased liver inflammation, and disrupted lysosomal membranes in hepatocytes, resulting in improvement of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel insights into the mechanism of hepatocyte death in NASH and will contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Piyakarn Boontem
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Shiraishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Tetsumori Yamashima, MD, PhD, Research Fellow, Monkey Project Team Leader, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan. tel: +81-76-265-2230; fax: +81-76-234-4250.
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Eishiro Mizukoshi, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology,
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10
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Kalkman HO. Potential Suicide Prophylactic Activity by the Fish Oil Metabolite, 4-Hydroxyhexenal. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136953. [PMID: 35805959 PMCID: PMC9266565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and high levels of n-6 PUFAs in the blood circulation are associated with an increased risk for suicide. Clinical studies indicate that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a n-3 PUFA found in fish-oil) displays protective effects against suicide. It has recently been proposed that the activation of the transcription factor NRF2 might be the pharmacological activity that is common to current anti-suicidal medications. Oxidation products from fish oil, including those from DHA, are electrophiles that reversibly bind to a protein ‘KEAP1’, which acts as the molecular inhibitor of NRF2 and so indirectly promotes NRF2-transcriptional activity. In the majority of publications, the NRF2-stimulant effect of DHA is ascribed to the metabolite 4-hydroxyhexenal (4HHE). It is suggested to investigate whether 4HHE will display a therapeutically useful anti-suicidal efficacy.
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11
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Ji Y, He Y, Yang Y, Dai Z, Wu Z. Hydroxyproline alleviates 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:7-15. [PMID: 35949986 PMCID: PMC9344311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been confirmed in relation to intestinal mucosa damage and multiple bowel diseases. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an imino acid abundant in sow's milk. Compelling evidence has been gathered showing the potential antioxidative properties of Hyp. However, the role and mechanism of Hyp in porcine intestinal epithelial cells in response to oxidative stress remains unknown. In this study, small intestinal epithelial cell lines of piglets (IPEC-1) were used to evaluate the protective effects of Hyp on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. IPEC-1 pretreated with 0.5 to 5 mmol/L Hyp were exposed to 4-HNE (40 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of Hyp. Thereafter, the cells were subjected to apoptosis detection by Hoechst staining, flow cytometry, and Western blot or DNA damage analysis by comet assay, immunofluorescence, and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Cell apoptosis and the upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3 induced by 4-HNE (40 μmol/L) were inhibited by 5 mmol/L of Hyp. In addition, 5 mmol/L Hyp attenuated 4-HNE-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, glutathione (GSH) deprivation and DNA damage. The elevation in transcription of GADD45a (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha) and GADD45b (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 beta), as well as the phosphorylation of H2AX (H2A histone family, member X), p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in cells treated with 4-HNE were alleviated by 5 mmol/L Hyp. Furthermore, Hyp supplementation increased the protein abundance of Krüppel like factor 4 (KLF4) in cells exposed to 4-HNE. Suppression of KLF4 expression by kenpaulone impeded the resistance of Hyp-treated cells to DNA damage and apoptosis induced by 4-HNE. Collectively, our results indicated that Hyp serves to protect against 4-HNE-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in IPEC-1 cells, which is partially pertinent with the enhanced expression of KLF4. Our data provides an updated explanation for the nutritional values of Hyp-containing animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Chen S, Sun B, Shi Z, Miao X, Li H. Identification of the rice genes and metabolites involved in dual resistance against brown planthopper and rice blast fungus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1914-1929. [PMID: 35343596 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH) and blast disease jointly or individually cause big yield losses every year. To identify genes and metabolites with potential contributions to the dual resistance against both biotic-stress factors, we carried out a transcriptome and metabolome analysis for susceptible and resistant rice varieties after BPH and rice blast infestations. Coexpression network analysis identified a modular pattern that had the highest correlation coefficients (0.81) after the BPH and rice blast (-0.81) treatments. In total, 134 phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway-related genes were detected in this group. We found that the flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene (OsF3H) had opposite expression trends in response to BPH and rice blast infestations whereas the OsF3'H had similar expression patterns. Genetics analysis confirmed that the OsF3H gene knockdown lines demonstrated the opposite resistance phenotypes against BPH and rice blast, whereas the OsF3'H knockout lines enhanced rice resistance against both pests. Consistently, our metabolomics analysis identified the metabolite eriodictyol, one putative essential product of these two genes, that was more highly accumulated in the resistant rice variety of RHT than in the susceptible variety MDJ. This study highlights a useful strategy for identifying more genes and metabolites that have potential synergistic effects on rice against to multiple biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Soares JPM, Gonçalves DA, de Sousa RX, Mouro MG, Higa EMS, Sperandio LP, Vitoriano CM, Rosa EBS, dos Santos FO, de Queiroz GN, Yamaguchi RSS, Pereira G, Icimoto MY, de Melo FHM. Disruption of Redox Homeostasis by Alterations in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Tetrahydrobiopterin along with Melanoma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5979. [PMID: 35682659 PMCID: PMC9181279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma emerges from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. The progression can occur in different stages: radial growth phase (RGP), vertical growth phase (VGP), and metastasis. Reactive oxygen species contribute to all phases of melanomagenesis through the modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an important cofactor for NOS coupling, and an uncoupled enzyme is a source of superoxide anion (O2•-) rather than nitric oxide (NO), altering the redox homeostasis and contributing to melanoma progression. In the present work, we showed that the BH4 amount varies between different cell lines corresponding to distinct stages of melanoma progression; however, they all presented higher O2•- levels and lower NO levels compared to melanocytes. Our results showed increased NOS expression in melanoma cells, contributing to NOS uncoupling. BH4 supplementation of RGP cells, and the DAHP treatment of metastatic melanoma cells reduced cell growth. Finally, Western blot analysis indicated that both treatments act on the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways of these melanoma cells in different ways. Disruption of cellular redox homeostasis by the altered BH4 concentration can be explored as a therapeutic strategy according to the stage of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Pereira Moura Soares
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo 01224-001, Brazil; (J.P.M.S.); (R.X.d.S.); (R.S.S.Y.)
| | - Diego Assis Gonçalves
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Micro-Imuno-Parasitology Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Xisto de Sousa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo 01224-001, Brazil; (J.P.M.S.); (R.X.d.S.); (R.S.S.Y.)
| | - Margareth Gori Mouro
- Nefrology Discipline, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (E.M.S.H.)
| | - Elisa M. S. Higa
- Nefrology Discipline, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (E.M.S.H.)
| | - Letícia Paulino Sperandio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Carolina Moraes Vitoriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Elisa Bachir Santa Rosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Fernanda Oliveira dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Gustavo Nery de Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo 01224-001, Brazil; (J.P.M.S.); (R.X.d.S.); (R.S.S.Y.)
| | - Gustavo Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Marcelo Yudi Icimoto
- Biophysics Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05505-000, Brazil; (C.M.V.); (E.B.S.R.); (F.O.d.S.); (G.N.d.Q.)
- Institute of Medical Assistance to Public Servants of the State (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
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14
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Li M, Zheng K, Ma S, Hu P, Yuan B, Yue X, Li Q. Pilose antler polypeptides promote chemosensitization and T-cell infiltration of triple-negative breast cancer. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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15
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Zhuang X, Ma J, Xu S, Zhang M, Xu G, Sun Z. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Attenuates Blue Light-Induced Apoptosis of Retinal Photoreceptors by Upregulating MKP-1 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4157-4168. [PMID: 33950345 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the antiapoptotic effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on retinal degeneration caused by exposure to blue light. Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injections of RA and, if necessary, the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphotase-1(MKP-1) inhibitor, (E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI), or the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist, AGN 193109. Retinal damage was induced by 24 h of continuous exposure to blue light. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and electroretinography were performed to measure retinal thickness and retinal function before and at 3 days and 7 days after light exposure. The retinal protein expression levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB, MKP-1, Bim, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 were also measured. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and immunofluorescent staining of cleaved caspase-3 were also performed to evaluate photoreceptor apoptosis. The administration of RA significantly mitigated retinal dysfunction and the decrease in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness at 3 days and 7 days after light exposure. RA also reduced the percentage of TUNEL-positive nuclei in the ONL and cleaved caspase-3 immunofluorescence intensity at 3 days after light exposure. Light exposure increased the retinal expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bim, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3), which was attenuated by RA. Moreover, RA enhanced the expression of MKP-1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, which were attenuated by the inhibition of RAR. The inhibitory effects of RA on blue light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis were abrogated by the MKP-1inhibitor. Our results indicate that RA alleviates photoreceptor loss following blue light exposure, at least partly, by the MKP-1/JNK pathway, which may serve as a therapeutic target for relieving retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongcui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Poppe J, van Baarle L, Matteoli G, Verbeke K. How Microbial Food Fermentation Supports a Tolerant Gut. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000036. [PMID: 32996681 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex resident microbial ecosystem, comprising over 500 species, spanning commensals, mutualist, opportunistic, and professional pathogens thriving on undigested food components originating from the diet and endogenous secretions. Despite this high concentration of food and bacterial antigens, a healthy gut has a near absent level of inflammation, a status called intestinal immune homeostasis. This immune homeostasis is built and maintained in the presence, and interestingly, with cooperation of the microbiota. The microbiota ferments undigested food components into a wide variety of metabolites, some of which interact with the intestinal immune system. In particular short-chain fatty acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and bile acid metabolites have been involved in the induction of intestinal immune homeostasis. The production of these metabolites is influenced by the microbial load and community structure, as well as the availability of substrates and the gut environment which are directly or indirectly modulated by food intake. In this manuscript, the factors that influence the production of these metabolites and their interaction with the immune cells that play key roles in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis in the healthy gut are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Poppe
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Targid - Herestraat 49, O&N1, Leuven, Box 701 - 3000, Belgium
| | - Lies van Baarle
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Targid - Herestraat 49, O&N1, Leuven, Box 701 - 3000, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Targid - Herestraat 49, O&N1, Leuven, Box 701 - 3000, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Targid - Herestraat 49, O&N1, Leuven, Box 701 - 3000, Belgium
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17
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Gegotek A, Cindric M, Zarkovic K, Skrzydlewska E, Zarkovic N. The relevance of pathophysiological alterations in redox signaling of 4-hydroxynonenal for pharmacological therapies of major stress-associated diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:128-153. [PMID: 31756524 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern analytical methods combined with the modern concepts of redox signaling revealed 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) as particular growth regulating factor involved in redox signaling under physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. In this review current knowledge of the relevance of 4-HNE as "the second messenger of reactive oxygen species" (ROS) in redox signaling of representative major stress-associated diseases is briefly summarized. The findings presented allow for 4-HNE to be considered not only as second messenger of ROS, but also as one of fundamental factors of the stress- and age-associated diseases. While standard, even modern concepts of molecular medicine and respective therapies in majority of these diseases target mostly the disease-specific symptoms. 4-HNE, especially its protein adducts, might appear to be the bioactive markers that would allow better monitoring of specific pathophysiological processes reflecting their complexity. Eventually that could help development of advanced integrative medicine approach for patients and the diseases they suffer from on the personalized basis implementing biomedical remedies that would optimize beneficial effects of ROS and 4-HNE to prevent the onset and progression of the illness, perhaps even providing the real cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morana Jaganjac
- Qatar Analytics & BioResearch Lab, Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Div. of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Agnieszka Gegotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marina Cindric
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Div. of Pathology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Div. of Pathology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Div. of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Boguszewska K, Szewczuk M, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Karwowski BT. The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System. Molecules 2020; 25:E2857. [PMID: 32575813 PMCID: PMC7356350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria emerged from bacterial ancestors during endosymbiosis and are crucial for cellular processes such as energy production and homeostasis, stress responses, cell survival, and more. They are the site of aerobic respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in eukaryotes. However, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is also the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are both important and dangerous for the cell. Human mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and its integrity may be endangered by the action of ROS. Fortunately, human mitochondria have repair mechanisms that allow protecting mtDNA and repairing lesions that may contribute to the occurrence of mutations. Mutagenesis of the mitochondrial genome may manifest in the form of pathological states such as mitochondrial, neurodegenerative, and/or cardiovascular diseases, premature aging, and cancer. The review describes the mitochondrial structure, genome, and the main mitochondrial repair mechanism (base excision repair (BER)) of oxidative lesions in the context of common features between human mitochondria and bacteria. The authors present a holistic view of the similarities of mitochondria and bacteria to show that bacteria may be an interesting experimental model for studying mitochondrial diseases, especially those where the mechanism of DNA repair is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bolesław T. Karwowski
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.); (M.S.); (J.K.-B.)
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19
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Liang H, Liu N, Wang R, Zhang Y, Chen J, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu G, Wu Z. N-Acetyl Serotonin Alleviates Oxidative Damage by Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Signaling in Porcine Enterocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040303. [PMID: 32272634 PMCID: PMC7222184 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells following oxidative stress is a major cause of mucosal barrier dysfunction and is associated with the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases. Although L-tryptophan (Trp) is known to improve intestinal integrity and function, a beneficial effect of N-acetyl serotonin (NAS), a metabolite of Trp, on the apoptosis of enterocytes and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we showed that porcine enterocytes treated with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, led to upregulation of apoptotic proteins, including Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and reduction of tight junction proteins. These effects of 4-HNE were significantly abrogated by NAS. In addition, NAS reduced ROS accumulation while increasing the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH), and the abundance of the Nrf2 protein in the nucleus and its downstream target proteins. Importantly, these protective effects of NAS were abrogated by Atra, an inhibitor of Nrf2, indicating a dependence on Nrf2 signaling. Taken together, we demonstrated that NAS attenuated oxidative stress-induced cellular injury in porcine enterocytes by regulating Nrf2 signaling. These findings provide new insights into a functional role of NAS in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-1003
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20
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Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030402. [PMID: 32150849 PMCID: PMC7175142 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the physiological mechanism of cell death and can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors, including stress and metabolic alterations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as ROS-dependent lipid peroxidation products (including isoprostanes and reactive aldehydes including 4-hydroxynonenal) are proapoptotic factors. These mediators can activate apoptosis via mitochondrial-, receptor-, or ER stress-dependent pathways. Phospholipid metabolism is also an essential regulator of apoptosis, producing the proapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGD and PGJ series, as well as the antiapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGE series, but also 12-HETE and 20-HETE. The effect of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids on apoptosis depends on cell type-specific differences. Cells where cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is the dominant cannabinoid receptor, as well as cells with high cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, undergo apoptosis after the administration of cannabinoids. In contrast, in cells where CB2 receptors dominate, and cells with low COX activity, cannabinoids act in a cytoprotective manner. Therefore, cell type-specific differences in the pro- and antiapoptotic effects of lipids and their (oxidative) products might reveal new options for differential bioanalysis between normal, functional, and degenerating or malignant cells, and better integrative biomedical treatments of major stress-associated diseases.
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21
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Roy B, Palaniyandi SS. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 inhibition potentiates 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal induced decrease in angiogenesis of coronary endothelial cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:290-299. [PMID: 31943249 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronary endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction including defective angiogenesis is reported in cardiac diseases. 4-Hydroxynonenal (4HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product, which is increased in cardiac diseases and implicated in cellular toxicity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes 4HNE and reduces 4HNE-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, we hypothesize that ALDH2 inhibition potentiates 4HNE-mediated decrease in coronary EC angiogenesis in vitro. To test our hypothesis, first, we treated the cultured mouse coronary EC (MCEC) lines with 4HNE (25, 50, and 75 μM) for 2 and 4 hours. Next, we pharmacologically inhibited ALDH2 by disulfiram (DSF) (2.5 μM) before challenging the cells with 4HNE. In this study, we found that 4HNE attenuated tube formation which indicates decreased angiogenesis. Next, we found that 4HNE has significantly downregulated the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 (P < .05 for mRNA and P = .005 for protein), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) (P < 0.0005 for mRNA), and Ets-related gene (ERG) (P < 0.0001 for mRNA and P < 0.005 for protein) in MCECs compared with control. ALDH 2 inhibition by DSF potentiated 4HNE-induced decrease in angiogenesis (P < 0.05 vs 4HNE at 2 h and P < 0.0005 vs 4HNE at 4 h) by decreasing the expressions of VEGFR2 (P < 0.005 for both mRNA and protein), SIRT 1 (P < 0.05), and ERG (P < 0.005) relative to 4HNE alone. Thus, we conclude that ALDH2 acts as a proangiogenic signaling molecule by alleviating the antiangiogenic effects of 4HNE in MCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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22
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Cucci MA, Compagnone A, Daga M, Grattarola M, Ullio C, Roetto A, Palmieri A, Rosa AC, Argenziano M, Cavalli R, Simile MM, Pascale RM, Dianzani C, Barrera G, Pizzimenti S. Post-translational inhibition of YAP oncogene expression by 4-hydroxynonenal in bladder cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:205-219. [PMID: 31207288 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator YAP plays an important role in cancer progression and is negatively controlled by the Hippo pathway. YAP is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, including bladder cancer. Interestingly, YAP expression and activity can be inhibited by pro-oxidant conditions; moreover, YAP itself can also affect the cellular redox status through multiple mechanisms. 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), the most intensively studied end product of lipid peroxidation, is a pro-oxidant agent able to deplete GSH and has an anti-tumoral effect by affecting multiple signal pathways, including the down-regulation of oncogene expressions. These observations prompted us to investigate the effect of HNE on YAP expression and activity. We demonstrated that HNE inhibited YAP expression and its target genes in bladder cancer cells through a redox-dependent mechanism. Moreover, the YAP down-regulation was accompanied by an inhibition of proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, as well as by an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of cell cycle and by an induction of apoptosis. We also established the YAP role in inhibiting cell viability and inducing apoptosis in HNE-treated cells by using an expression vector for YAP. Furthermore, we identified a post-translational mechanism for the HNE-induced YAP expression inhibition, involving an increase of YAP phosphorylation and ubiquitination, leading to proteasomal degradation. Our data established that HNE can post-translationally down-regulate YAP through a redox-dependent mechanism and that this modulation can contribute to determining the specific anti-cancer effects of HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Angele Cucci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Compagnone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Michelangelo 27, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Daga
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Grattarola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Ullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Roetto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonietta Palmieri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Simile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Pascale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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23
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Shi X, Swanson TL, Miner NB, Eshleman AJ, Janowsky A. Activation of Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Stimulates an Antiapoptotic Signal Cascade via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:493-504. [PMID: 31409621 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is highly addictive and neurotoxic, causing cell death in humans and in rodent models. MA, along with many of its analogs, is an agonist at the G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that TAAR1 plays a role in regulating MA-induced neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms involved in TAAR1's role in neurotoxicity and cell death have not been described in detail. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis pathway in Taar1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice and in cells expressing the recombinant receptor. Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, was upregulated ∼3-fold in the midbrain area (substantial nigra and ventral tegmental area) in Taar1 KO compared with WT mice, and MA significantly increased Bcl-2 expression in WT mice but decreased Bcl-2 expression in KO mice. The proapoptotic protein Bax did not differ across genotype or in response to MA. Bcl-2 expression was significantly upregulated by the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017 ((S)-4-[(ethyl-phenyl-amino)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-ylamine) in cells expressing the recombinant mouse TAAR1. Additionally, activation of TAAR1 by RO5166017 increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and protein kinase B (AKT), but only inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation prevented TAAR1-induced increases in Bcl-2 levels, indicating that TAAR1 activation increases Bcl-2 through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway. All changes to ERK1/2 pathway intermediates were blocked by the TAAR1 antagonist, N-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide. These findings suggest that TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced cell apoptosis and TAAR1 may play a role in cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Methamphetamine stimulates TAAR1, a G protein-coupled receptor. The role and mechanisms for TAAR1 in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity are not known. Here, we report that, in genetic mouse models and cells expressing the recombinant receptor, TAAR1 activates the ERK1/2 pathway but not the AKT pathway to upregulate the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which protects cells from drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy L Swanson
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nicholas B Miner
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy J Eshleman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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24
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Zheng L, Wei H, Yu H, Xing Q, Zou Y, Zhou Y, Peng J. Fish Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate Production by Ginger Powder Induces Glutathione Synthesis To Prevent Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Intestinal Oxidative Stress via the Pept1-p62-Nrf2 Cascade. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11601-11611. [PMID: 30339007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin hydrolysate was reported to contain large amounts of biologically active peptides with excellent antioxidant properties. However, its inducement of antioxidant response within cells and the underlying molecular mechanism are far from clear. Here, gelatin from Nile tilapia skin was hydrolyzed by ginger protease to produce antioxidant hydrolysate, and three fish skin gelatin hydrolysate fractions (FSGHFs) were obtained by ultrafiltration. Fractionation of the hydrolysate increased the free radical scavenging capacity of the FSGHFs, particularly FSGHF3, which showed the lowest molecular weight (below 1000 Da). Furthermore, FSGHF3 treatment prior to H2O2 exposure increased cell viability and membrane integrity in IPEC-J2 cells. H2O2-induced ROS production and epithelial barrier damage were suppressed by FSGHF3 pretreatment. FSGHF3 stimulated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with increases in the mRNA and protein expression of catalytic and modulatory subunits of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase as well as in the level of glutathione. Silencing of Nrf2 or p62 (an upstream regulator of Nrf2) suppressed FSGHF3-induced Nrf2 activation and its protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, oligopeptides in FSGHF3 may mediate the cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress, which was confirmed by the result that FSGHF3 failed to inhibit the ROS production in H2O2-exposed cells with the knockdown of Pept1 (an oligopeptide transporter). Therefore, FSGHF3 can induce glutathione synthesis and prevent oxidative stress through the Pept1-p62-Nrf2 cascade and thus may be a functional food for gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huichao Yu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
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25
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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26
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Abhishek K, Das S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Kumar V, Saini S, Mandal A, Verma S, Kumar M, Das P. Leishmania donovani induced Unfolded Protein Response delays host cell apoptosis in PERK dependent manner. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006646. [PMID: 30036391 PMCID: PMC6081962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress generated unfolded stress response (UPR) is a basic survival mechanism which protects cell under unfavourable conditions. Leishmania parasite modulates host macrophages in various ways to ensure its survival. Modulation of PI3K-Akt pathway in delayed apoptotic induction of host; enables parasite to stabilize the infection for further propagation. Methodology Infected RAW macrophages were exposed to campothecin or thagsigargin and phosphorylation status of PERK, Akt, BAD and Cyt-C was determined through western blotting using phospho specific antibody. Expression at transcriptional level for cIAP1 &2, ATF4, CHOP, ATF3, HO-1 and sXBP1 was determined using real time PCR. For inhibition studies, RAW macrophages were pre-treated with PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 before infection. Findings Our studies in RAW macrophages showed that induction of host UPR against L.donovani infection activates Akt mediated pathway which delays apoptotic induction of the host. Moreover, Leishmania infection results in phosphorylation and activation of host PERK enzyme and increased transcription of genes of inhibitor of apoptosis gene family (cIAP) mRNA. In our inhibition studies, we found that inhibition of infection induced PERK phosphorylation under apoptotic inducers reduces the Akt phosphorylation and fails to activate further downstream molecules involved in protection against apoptosis. Also, inhibition of PERK phosphorylation under oxidative exposure leads to increased Nitric Oxide production. Simultaneously, decreased transcription of cIAP mRNA upon PERK phosphorylation fates the host cell towards apoptosis hence decreased infection rate. Conclusion Overall the findings from the study suggests that Leishmania modulated host UPR and PERK phosphorylation delays apoptotic induction in host macrophage, hence supports parasite invasion at early stages of infection. Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar is one of the severe tropical neglected parasitic diseases caused by Leishmania donovani in Indian subcontinent. Modulation of host in terms of delayed apoptotic induction is one of the aspects which favours disease establishment; however the mechanism is not clearly understood yet. In the present study, we tried to explore the connection between L.donovani infection induced UPR in host with delayed onset of apoptosis. We found that L.donovani infection phosphorylates the PERK and Akt molecule in host along with delayed apoptosis. Simultaneously, the levels of cellular IAP (cIAP1 & 2) genes were also up-regulated in infected macrophages. To assess the involvement of PERK in delayed apoptosis of host, we inhibited the phosphorylation of PERK under the exposure to apoptotic inducers. We found that PERK inhibition decreased the Akt phosphorylation and fails to activate other associated downstream molecules involved in delayed apoptosis of host. Also, a significant reduction in cIAP levels was observed. Under oxidative exposure, inhibition of PERK phosphorylation debilitates infected RAW cell’s ability to maintain redox homeostasis leading to higher nitric oxide production. Altogether, L.donovani infection modulates host apoptosis in a PERK dependent manner and favours infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Abhishek
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sushmita Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Phulwarisharif, Patna Bihar, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Savita Saini
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sudha Verma
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Manjay Kumar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
- * E-mail:
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27
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Liu KL, Kuo WC, Lin CY, Lii CK, Liu YL, Cheng YH, Tsai CW. Prevention of 4-hydroxynonenal-induced lipolytic activation by carnosic acid is related to the induction of glutathione S-transferase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:1-8. [PMID: 29698741 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Induction of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a major lipid peroxidation aldehyde, is observed in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The lipolytic response by 4-HNE has been linked to insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of carnosic acid (CA) on 4-HNE-induced lipolysis and the inhibition of β-oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results indicated that cells pretreated with CA reduced 4-HNE-mediated free fatty acid (FFA) release. Furthermore, CA reversed the inhibition of phosphorylation of Tyr632 of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt and the phosphorylation of Ser307 of IRS-1. CA inhibited 4-HNE-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and reversed the suppression by 4-HNE of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p < 0.05). Pretreatment of cells with forskolin (a cAMP agonist) and compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) reversed these effects, respectively (p < 0.05). In human subcutaneous adipocytes, CA also attenuated 4-HNE-induced FFA release and the phosphorylation of PKA and HSL (p < 0.05). Moreover, CA increased the protein expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) A and M. Pretreatment with ethacrynic acid, a GST inhibitor, prevented the 4-HNE-conjugated proteins suppression, the PKA and HSL phosphorylation reduction, and the FFA release inhibition by CA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The attenuation by CA of the lipolytic response by 4-HNE is likely related to the induction of GST, which in turn reduced 4-HNE-conjugated proteins and decreased the activation of the PKA/HSL pathway. The observed effects may explain how CA improves 4-HNE-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liu N, Ma X, Luo X, Zhang Y, He Y, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu G, Wu Z. l-Glutamine Attenuates Apoptosis in Porcine Enterocytes by Regulating Glutathione-Related Redox Homeostasis. J Nutr 2018; 148:526-534. [PMID: 29659951 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death plays a fundamental role in intestinal development and mucosal homeostasis. Dysregulation of these processes is associated with an impaired intestinal-mucosal barrier, reduced nutrient absorption, and initiation and progression of intestinal diseases. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a product of lipid peroxidation, is commonly used to induce oxidative stress in cells. l-Glutamine is known to protect cells from apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Objective This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that l-glutamine attenuates 4-HNE-induced apoptosis by modulating glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TXN) antioxidant systems and the expression of genes involved in 4-HNE metabolism in enterocytes. Methods Intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cells were cultured with or without 4-HNE (30 μmol/L) in the presence of 0.05 or 0.25 mmol l-glutamine/L (a physiological concentration in the lumen of the small intestine) for indicated time periods. Cell viability, abundances of apoptotic proteins, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH, and expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of GSH, thioredoxin, and 4-HNE metabolism were determined. Results Compared with basal medium containing 0.05 mmol l-glutamine/L, 4-HNE enhanced apoptosis by 19.6% (P < 0.05) in a caspase-3-dependent manner. This effect was accompanied by elevated intracellular ROS production (39.5% and 85.3% for 2- and 4-h treatment, respectively), increased mitochondrial depolarization by 80%, and decreased intracellular GSH concentrations by 17.7%. These effects of 4-HNE were reduced by 0.25 mmol l-glutamine/L. Further study showed that the protective effect of l-glutamine was associated with the enhanced expression of genes involved in GSH production (including GCLC, GCLM, GSR, CBS, and CTH) by 3.9-14-fold, as well as genes involved in 4-HNE metabolism [e.g., glutathione S-transferase A (GSTA)1 and GSTA4] by 1.9-7.2-fold. The mRNA levels for ADH5, AKR1C1, AKR1A1, and TXNRD1 were enhanced 1.4-8.8-fold by 4-HNE but were not changed in cells co-treated with 4-HNE and l-glutamine. Conclusion These findings indicate that l-glutamine attenuates 4-HNE-induced apoptosis by regulating GSH-related redox homeostasis and enhancing GSTA-mediated metabolism in enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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Hristova M, Tzaneva M, Bekyarova G, Chivchibashi D, Stefanova N, Kiselova-Kaneva Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin Protection from Gastric Mucosal Apoptotic Injury in Experimental Burns. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040749. [PMID: 29587343 PMCID: PMC6017416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a basic secretory pineal gland product, is a nontoxic, multifunctional molecule. It has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities and protects tissues from injury. The objective of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanism of melatonin anti-apoptotic effect on gastric injury in a rat burn model. We hypothesized that melatonin gastric protection may be related to the activation of transcription erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Using a 30% total body surface area (TBSA) rat burn model, melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected immediately and 12 h after thermal skin injury. Via light immunohistochemistry, we determined the tissue level of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, Bcl-2 and Bax as apoptosis-related proteins, and Nrf2. Results are presented as medians (interquartile range (IQR)). Thermal trauma in burned animals, compared with the controls, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein (1.37 (0.94–1.47)), decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein (1.16 (1.06–1.23), p < 0.001) in epithelial cells, and elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratios (p < 0.05). Tissue 4-HNE and Nrf2 levels were increased following severe burns (1.55 (0.98–1.61) and 1.16 (1.01–1.25), p < 0.05, respectively). Melatonin significantly decreased 4-HNE (0.87 (0.74–0.96), p < 0.01) and upregulated Nrf2 (1.55 (1.52–1.65), p < 0.001) levels. It also augmented Bax (1.68 (1.5–1.8), p < 0.001) and Bcl-2 expressions (1.96 (1.89–2.01), p < 0.0001), but reduced Bax/Bcl-2 ratios (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that experimental thermal trauma induces oxidative gastric mucosal injury. Melatonin manifests a gastroprotective effect through Nrf2 activation, lipid peroxidation attenuation, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio modification as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minka Hristova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9002, Bulgaria.
| | - Maria Tzaneva
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Sciences, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9002, Bulgaria.
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Science and Deontology, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9010, Bulgaria.
| | - Ganka Bekyarova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9002, Bulgaria.
| | - Dariya Chivchibashi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9002, Bulgaria.
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Science and Deontology, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9010, Bulgaria.
| | - Nadezhda Stefanova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Science and Deontology, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9010, Bulgaria.
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna; Varna 9002, Bulgaria.
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Katikireddy KR, White TL, Miyajima T, Vasanth S, Raoof D, Chen Y, Price MO, Price FW, Jurkunas UV. NQO1 downregulation potentiates menadione-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition during rosette formation in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:19-30. [PMID: 29294389 PMCID: PMC5815941 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a genetic and oxidative stress disorder of post-mitotic human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs), which normally exhibit hexagonal shape and form a compact monolayer compatible with normal corneal functioning and clear vision. FECD is associated with increased DNA damage, which in turn leads to HCEnC loss, resulting in the formation rosettes and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the form of pro-fibrotic guttae. Since the mechanism of ECM deposition in FECD is currently unknown, we aimed to investigate the role of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in FECD using a previously established cellular in vitro model that recapitulates the characteristic rosette formation, by employing menadione (MN)-induced oxidative stress. We demonstrate that MN treatment alone, or a combination of MN and TGF-β1 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell death, and EMT in HCEnCs during rosette formation, resulting in upregulation of EMT- and FECD-associated markers such as Snail1, N-cadherin, ZEB1, and transforming growth factor-beta-induced (TGFβI), respectively. Additionally, FECD ex vivo specimens displayed a loss of organized junctional staining of plasma membrane-bound N-cadherin, with corresponding increase in fibronectin and Snail1 compared to ex vivo controls. Addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) downregulated all EMT markers and abolished rosette formation. Loss of NQO1, a metabolizing enzyme of MN, led to greater increase in intracellular ROS levels as well as a significant upregulation of Snail1, fibronectin, and N-cadherin compared to normal cells, indicating that NQO1 regulates Snail1-mediated EMT. This study provides first line evidence that MN-induced oxidative stress leads to EMT in corneal endothelial cells, and the effect of which is further potentiated when redox cycling activity of MN is enhanced by the absence of NQO1. Given that NAC inhibits Snail-mediated EMT, this may be a potential therapeutic intervention for FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Reddy Katikireddy
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tomas L White
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Taiga Miyajima
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shivakumar Vasanth
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Duna Raoof
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Eye Associates, Laguna Hills, CA 92660, USA
| | - Yuming Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marianne O Price
- Cornea Research Foundation of America, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - Francis W Price
- Cornea Research Foundation of America, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Mol M, Regazzoni L, Altomare A, Degani G, Carini M, Vistoli G, Aldini G. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal: Methodological aspects and biological consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:328-344. [PMID: 28161307 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), an electrophilic end-product deriving from lipid peroxidation, undergoes a heterogeneous set of biotransformations including enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. The former mostly involve red-ox reactions on the HNE oxygenated functions (phase I metabolism) and GSH conjugations (phase II) while the latter are due to the HNE capacity to spontaneously condense with nucleophilic sites within endogenous molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids. The overall metabolic fate of HNE has recently attracted great interest not only because it clearly determines the HNE disposal, but especially because the generated metabolites and adducts are not inactive molecules (as initially believed) but show biological activities even more pronounced than those of the parent compound as exemplified by potent pro-inflammatory stimulus induced by GSH conjugates. Similarly, several studies revealed that the non-enzymatic reactions, initially considered as damaging processes randomly involving all endogenous nucleophilic reactants, are in fact quite selective in terms of both reactivity of the nucleophilic sites and stability of the generated adducts. Even though many formed adducts retain the expected toxic consequences, some adducts exhibit well-defined beneficial roles as documented by the protective effects of sublethal concentrations of HNE against toxic concentrations of HNE. Clearly, future investigations are required to gain a more detailed understanding of the metabolic fate of HNE as well as to identify novel targets involved in the biological activity of the HNE metabolites. These studies are and will be permitted by the continuous progress in the analytical methods for the identification and quantitation of novel HNE metabolites as well as for proteomic analyses able to offer a comprehensive picture of the HNE-induced adducted targets. On these grounds, the present review will focus on the major enzymatic and non-enzymatic HNE biotransformations discussing both the molecular mechanisms involved and the biological effects elicited. The review will also describe the most important analytical enhancements that have permitted the here discussed advancements in our understanding of the HNE metabolic fate and which will permit in a near future an even better knowledge of this enigmatic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Abusarah J, Bentz M, Benabdoune H, Rondon PE, Shi Q, Fernandes JC, Fahmi H, Benderdour M. An overview of the role of lipid peroxidation-derived 4-hydroxynonenal in osteoarthritis. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:637-651. [PMID: 28447122 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, many theories have been proposed and examined to better explain the etiology and development of osteoarthritis (OA). The characteristics of joint destruction are one of the most important aspects in disease progression. Therefore, investigating different factors and signaling pathways involved in the alteration of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, and the subsequent catabolic damage to cartilage holds chief importance in understanding OA development. Among these factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been at the forefront of the physiological and pathophysiological OA investigation. FINDINGS In the last decades, research studies provided an enormous volume of data supporting the involvement of ROS in OA. Most interestingly, published data regarding the effect of exogenous antioxidant therapy in OA lack conclusive results from clinical trials to back up in vitro data. Accordingly, it is rational to suggest that there are other reactive species in OA that are not taken into account. Thus, our present review is focused on our current understanding of the involvement of lipid peroxidation-derived 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in OA. CONCLUSION Our findings, like those in the literature, illustrate the central role played by HNE in the regulation of a number of factors involved in joint homeostasis. HNE could thus be considered as an attractive therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Abusarah
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Mireille Bentz
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Houda Benabdoune
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Patricia Elsa Rondon
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Qin Shi
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Julio C Fernandes
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Room K-3045, 5400 Gouin Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.
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Hu J, Cao X, Pang D, Luo Q, Zou Y, Feng B, Li L, Chen Z, Huang C. Tumor grade related expression of neuroglobin is negatively regulated by PPARγ and confers antioxidant activity in glioma progression. Redox Biol 2017; 12:682-689. [PMID: 28410531 PMCID: PMC5390670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB), distributed mainly in central and peripheral nervous systems, is a nerve globin with neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress resulting from hypoxia and ischemia. Recent studies have indicated that the expression of NGB is related to neurodegenerative disorders and cancers, but the molecular mechanisms for its transcriptional regulation and protection are not well defined. Here, we report that the expression of NGB in glioma is grade related and is negatively regulated by PPARγ. Specific PPARγ agonist reduces the expression of NGB, while its inhibitor enhances the expression. Moreover, NGB participates in regulating the phosphorylation of AKT in glioma cells, which may contribute to the glioma progression where accumulating oxidative pressure presents. Overexpression of NGB could protect glioma cells against 4-HNE induced cell death, and partially reverse PPARγ's pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative abilities. These results display an important role of NGB in glioma progression and a mechanism for its transcriptional regulation, and suggest that the treatment on glioma through PPARγ agonist appears to be triggered by the modulation of NGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Department of Neurology, Shuangnan hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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N-Acetylcysteine improves intestinal function in lipopolysaccharides-challenged piglets through multiple signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1915-1929. [PMID: 28271166 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could improve intestinal function through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways in a piglet model of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge. Thirty-two piglets (24-day-old) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and one piglet per replicate. The experiment consisted of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets (supplemented with 0 or 500 mg NAC/kg diet) and saline or LPS administration. On day 20 of the trial, piglets in the LPS and LPS + NAC groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0 (saline) or 100 μg LPS/kg BW. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h and intestinal mucosae were collected at 6 h post LPS or saline injection. The growth performance was not affected by dietary NAC. LPS induced intestinal dysfunction, as indicated by: (1) reductions in the small-intestinal glutathione concentrations and plasma D-xylose levels; (2) elevations in plasma diamine oxidase activity, mucosal MMP3 mRNA levels and caspase-3 protein abundance; (3) reduced the activities of the small-intestinal mucosal maltase, sucrase and lactase. The adverse effects of LPS on porcine intestinal function and redox status were mitigated by NAC supplementation through the activation of multiple signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR, EGFR, TLR4/NF-κB, AMPK, and type I IFN. Our findings provide novel mechanisms for beneficial effects of NAC in protecting the intestine from inflammation in animals.
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