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Bedggood P, Ding Y, Metha A. Changes to the shape, orientation and packing of red cells as a function of retinal capillary size. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:558-578. [PMID: 38404337 PMCID: PMC10890884 DOI: 10.1364/boe.511093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The free diameter of a red blood cell exceeds the lumen diameter of capillaries in the central nervous system, requiring significant deformation of cells. However the deformations undertaken in vivo are not well established due to the difficulty in observing cellular capillary flow in living human tissue. Here, we used high resolution adaptive optics imaging to non-invasively track 17,842 red blood cells in transit through 121 unique capillary segments of diameter 8 µm or less in the retina of 3 healthy human subjects. Within each vessel, a 2D en face profile was generated for the "average cell", whose shape was then inferred in 3D based on the key assumption of a circular capillary cross-section. From this we estimated the average volume, surface area, orientation, and separation between red cells within each capillary tube. Our results showed a network filtration effect, whereby narrower vessels were more likely to contain smaller cells (defined by surface area, which is thought not to vary during a cell's passage through the vascular system). A bivariate linear model showed that for larger cells in narrower vessels: cells re-orient themselves to align with the flow axis, their shape becomes more elongated, there are longer gaps between successive cells, and remarkably, that cell volume is less which implies the ejection of water from cells to facilitate capillary transit. Taken together, these findings suggest that red cells pass through retinal capillaries with some reluctance. A biphasic distribution for cell orientation and separation was evident, indicating a "tipping point" for vessels narrower than approx. 5 µm. This corresponds closely to the typical capillary lumen diameter, and may maximize sensitivity of cellular flow to small changes in diameter. We suggest that the minimization of unnecessary oxygen exchange, and hence of damage via reactive oxygen pathways, may have provided evolutionary pressure to ensure that capillary lumens are generally narrower than red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Bedggood
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew Metha
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia
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2
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Filan C, Song H, Platt MO, Robles FE. Analysis of structural effects of sickle cell disease on brain vasculature of mice using three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:096501. [PMID: 37692563 PMCID: PMC10491933 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.9.096501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance Although the molecular origins of sickle cell disease (SCD) have been extensively studied, the effects of SCD on the vasculature-which can influence blood clotting mechanisms, pain crises, and strokes-are not well understood. Improving this understanding can yield insight into the mechanisms and wide-ranging effects of this devastating disease. Aim We aim to demonstrate the ability of a label-free 3D quantitative phase imaging technology, called quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM), to provide insight into the effects of SCD on brain vasculature. Approach Using qOBM, we quantitatively analyze the vasculature of freshly excised, but otherwise unaltered, whole mouse brains. We use Townes sickle transgenic mice, which closely recapitulate the pathophysiology of human SCD, and sickle cell trait mice as controls. Two developmental time points are studied: 6-week-old mice and 20-week-old mice. Quantitative structural and biophysical parameters of the vessels (including the refractive index (RI), which is linearly proportional to dry mass) are extracted from the high-resolution images and analyzed. Results qOBM reveals structural differences in the brain blood vessel thickness (thinner for SCD in particular brain regions) and the RI of the vessel wall (higher and containing a larger variation throughout the brain for SCD). These changes were only significant in 20-week-old mice. Further, vessel breakages are observed in SCD mice at both time points. The vessel wall RI distribution near these breaks, up to 350 μ m away from the breaking point, shows an erratic behavior characterized by wide RI variations. Vessel diameter, tortuosity, texture within the vessel, and structural fractal patterns are found to not be statistically different. As with vessel breaks, we also observe blood vessel blockages only in mice brains with SCD. Conclusions qOBM provides insight into the biophysical and structural composition of brain blood vessels in mice with SCD. Data suggest that the RI may be an indirect indicator of vessel rigidity, vessel strength, and/or tensions, which change with SCD. Future ex vivo and in vivo studies with qOBM could improve our understanding of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Filan
- Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hannah Song
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Manu O. Platt
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Ong JJY, Oh J, Yong Ang X, Naidu R, Chu TTT, Hyoung Im J, Manzoor U, Kha Nguyen T, Na SW, Han ET, Davis C, Sun Park W, Chun W, Jun H, Jin Lee S, Na S, Chan JKY, Park Y, Russell B, Chandramohanadas R, Han JH. Optical diffraction tomography and image reconstruction to measure host cell alterations caused by divergent Plasmodium species. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:122026. [PMID: 36395614 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Understanding the biological features of various parasite forms is important for the optical diagnosis and defining pathological states, which are often constrained by the lack of ambient visualization approaches. Here, we employ a label-free tomographic technique to visualize the host red blood cell (RBC) remodeling process and quantify changes in biochemical properties arising from parasitization. Through this, we provide a quantitative body of information pertaining to the influence of host cell environment on growth, survival, and replication of P. falciparum and P. vivax in their respective host cells: mature erythrocytes and young reticulocytes. These exquisite three-dimensional measurements of infected red cells demonstrats the potential of evolving 3D imaging to advance our understanding of Plasmodium biology and host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Y Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeonghun Oh
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang Yong Ang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renugah Naidu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trang T T Chu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Hyoung Im
- Department of Infectious Disease, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Umar Manzoor
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Kha Nguyen
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Na
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Christeen Davis
- DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Sunghun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- KK Womens' and Childrens' Hospital, Singapore; Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Tomocube Inc, Daejeon 34109, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Chandramohanadas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore; DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Nguyen TL, Pradeep S, Judson-Torres RL, Reed J, Teitell MA, Zangle TA. Quantitative Phase Imaging: Recent Advances and Expanding Potential in Biomedicine. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11516-11544. [PMID: 35916417 PMCID: PMC10112851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free, wide-field microscopy approach with significant opportunities for biomedical applications. QPI uses the natural phase shift of light as it passes through a transparent object, such as a mammalian cell, to quantify biomass distribution and spatial and temporal changes in biomass. Reported in cell studies more than 60 years ago, ongoing advances in QPI hardware and software are leading to numerous applications in biology, with a dramatic expansion in utility over the past two decades. Today, investigations of cell size, morphology, behavior, cellular viscoelasticity, drug efficacy, biomass accumulation and turnover, and transport mechanics are supporting studies of development, physiology, neural activity, cancer, and additional physiological processes and diseases. Here, we review the field of QPI in biology starting with underlying principles, followed by a discussion of technical approaches currently available or being developed, and end with an examination of the breadth of applications in use or under development. We comment on strengths and shortcomings for the deployment of QPI in key biomedical contexts and conclude with emerging challenges and opportunities based on combining QPI with other methodologies that expand the scope and utility of QPI even further.
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Kim D, Lee S, Lee M, Oh J, Yang SA, Park Y. Holotomography: Refractive Index as an Intrinsic Imaging Contrast for 3-D Label-Free Live Cell Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:211-238. [PMID: 33834439 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Live cell imaging provides essential information in the investigation of cell biology and related pathophysiology. Refractive index (RI) can serve as intrinsic optical imaging contrast for 3-D label-free and quantitative live cell imaging, and provide invaluable information to understand various dynamics of cells and tissues for the study of numerous fields. Recently significant advances have been made in imaging methods and analysis approaches utilizing RI, which are now being transferred to biological and medical research fields, providing novel approaches to investigate the pathophysiology of cells. To provide insight into how RI can be used as an imaging contrast for imaging of biological specimens, here we provide the basic principle of RI-based imaging techniques and summarize recent progress on applications, ranging from microbiology, hematology, infectious diseases, hematology, and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moosung Lee
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Juntaek Oh
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-A Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea. .,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, South Korea.
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Choi G, Ryu D, Jo Y, Kim YS, Park W, Min HS, Park Y. Cycle-consistent deep learning approach to coherent noise reduction in optical diffraction tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4927-4943. [PMID: 30876102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a deep neural network to reduce coherent noise in three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging. Inspired by the cycle generative adversarial network, the denoising network was trained to learn a transform between two image domains: clean and noisy refractive index tomograms. The unique feature of this network, distinct from previous machine learning approaches employed in the optical imaging problem, is that it uses unpaired images. The learned network quantitatively demonstrated its performance and generalization capability through denoising experiments of various samples. We concluded by applying our technique to reduce the temporally changing noise emerging from focal drift in time-lapse imaging of biological cells. This reduction cannot be performed using other optical methods for denoising.
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Mechanical Mapping of Spinal Cord Growth and Repair in Living Zebrafish Larvae by Brillouin Imaging. Biophys J 2018; 115:911-923. [PMID: 30122291 PMCID: PMC6127462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological tissues are increasingly recognized as important factors in developmental and pathological processes. Most existing mechanical measurement techniques either necessitate destruction of the tissue for access or provide insufficient spatial resolution. Here, we show for the first time to our knowledge a systematic application of confocal Brillouin microscopy to quantitatively map the mechanical properties of spinal cord tissues during biologically relevant processes in a contact-free and nondestructive manner. Living zebrafish larvae were mechanically imaged in all anatomical planes during development and after spinal cord injury. These experiments revealed that Brillouin microscopy is capable of detecting the mechanical properties of distinct anatomical structures without interfering with the animal’s natural development. The Brillouin shift within the spinal cord remained comparable during development and transiently decreased during the repair processes after spinal cord transection. By taking into account the refractive index distribution, we explicitly determined the apparent longitudinal modulus and viscosity of different larval zebrafish tissues. Importantly, mechanical properties differed between tissues in situ and in excised slices. The presented work constitutes the first step toward an in vivo assessment of spinal cord tissue mechanics during regeneration, provides a methodical basis to identify key determinants of mechanical tissue properties, and allows us to test their relative importance in combination with biochemical and genetic factors during developmental and regenerative processes.
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8
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Hu C, Zhu S, Gao L, Popescu G. Endoscopic diffraction phase microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3373-3376. [PMID: 30004509 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present, to our knowledge, the first endoscopic diffraction phase microscopy (eDPM) system. This instrument consists of a gradient-index-lens-based endoscope probe followed by a DPM module, which enables single-shot phase imaging at a single-cell-level resolution. Using the phase information provided by eDPM, we show that the geometric aberrations associated with the endoscope can be reduced by digitally applying a spectral phase filter to the raw data. The filter function is a linear combination of polynomials with weighting optimized to improve resolution. We validate the principle of the proposed method using reflective semiconductor samples and blood cells. This research extends the current scope of quantitative phase imaging applications, and proves its potential for future in vivo studies.
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Kim G, Lee M, Youn S, Lee E, Kwon D, Shin J, Lee S, Lee YS, Park Y. Measurements of three-dimensional refractive index tomography and membrane deformability of live erythrocytes from Pelophylax nigromaculatus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9192. [PMID: 29907826 PMCID: PMC6003953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammalian erythrocytes, amphibian erythrocytes have distinct morphological features including large cell sizes and the presence of nuclei. The sizes of the cytoplasm and nuclei of erythrocytes vary significantly over different species, their environments, or pathophysiology, which makes hematological studies important for investigating amphibian species. Here, we present a label-free three-dimensional optical quantification of individual amphibian erythrocytes from frogs Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Rana nigromaculata). Using optical diffraction tomography, we measured three-dimensional refractive index (RI) tomograms of the cells, which clearly distinguished the cytoplasm and nuclei of the erythrocytes. From the measured RI tomograms, we extracted the relevant biochemical parameters of the cells, including hemoglobin contents and hemoglobin concentrations. Furthermore, we measured dynamic membrane fluctuations and investigated the mechanical properties of the cell membrane. From the statistical and correlative analysis of these retrieved parameters, we investigated interspecific differences between frogs and previously studied mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moosung Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongYeon Youn
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - EuiTae Lee
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeheon Kwon
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghun Shin
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Sil Lee
- Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Tomocube, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea.
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Park I, Choe K, Seo H, Hwang Y, Song E, Ahn J, Hwan Jo Y, Kim P. Intravital imaging of a pulmonary endothelial surface layer in a murine sepsis model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2383-2393. [PMID: 29760995 PMCID: PMC5946796 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct intravital imaging of an endothelial surface layer (ESL) in pulmonary microcirculation could be a valuable approach to investigate the role of a vascular endothelial barrier in various pathological conditions. Despite its importance as a marker of endothelial cell damage and impairment of the vascular system, in vivo visualization of ESL has remained a challenging technical issue. In this work, we implemented a pulmonary microcirculation imaging system integrated to a custom-design video-rate laser scanning confocal microscopy platform. Using the system, a real-time cellular-level microscopic imaging of the lung was successfully performed, which facilitated a clear identification of individual flowing erythrocytes in pulmonary capillaries. Subcellular level pulmonary ESL was identified in vivo by fluorescence angiography using a dextran conjugated fluorophore to label blood plasma and the red blood cell (RBC) exclusion imaging analysis. Degradation of ESL width was directly evaluated in a murine sepsis model in vivo, suggesting an impairment of pulmonary vascular endothelium and endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inwon Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Kibaek Choe
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Howon Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Song
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jinhyo Ahn
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - You Hwan Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine (SNUCM), 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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Guckenberger A, Kihm A, John T, Wagner C, Gekle S. Numerical-experimental observation of shape bistability of red blood cells flowing in a microchannel. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2032-2043. [PMID: 29473072 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells flowing through capillaries assume a wide variety of different shapes owing to their high deformability. Predicting the realized shapes is a complex field as they are determined by the intricate interplay between the flow conditions and the membrane mechanics. In this work we construct the shape phase diagram of a single red blood cell with a physiological viscosity ratio flowing in a microchannel. We use both experimental in vitro measurements as well as 3D numerical simulations to complement the respective other one. Numerically, we have easy control over the initial starting configuration and natural access to the full 3D shape. With this information we obtain the phase diagram as a function of initial position, starting shape and cell velocity. Experimentally, we measure the occurrence frequency of the different shapes as a function of the cell velocity to construct the experimental diagram which is in good agreement with the numerical observations. Two different major shapes are found, namely croissants and slippers. Notably, both shapes show coexistence at low (<1 mm s-1) and high velocities (>3 mm s-1) while in-between only croissants are stable. This pronounced bistability indicates that RBC shapes are not only determined by system parameters such as flow velocity or channel size, but also strongly depend on the initial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Guckenberger
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Germany.
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Jin D, Zhou R, Yaqoob Z, So PTC. Tomographic phase microscopy: principles and applications in bioimaging [Invited]. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 2018; 34:B64-B77. [PMID: 29386746 PMCID: PMC5788179 DOI: 10.1364/josab.34.000b64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) is an emerging optical microscopic technique for bioimaging. TPM uses digital holographic measurements of complex scattered fields to reconstruct three-dimensional refractive index (RI) maps of cells with diffraction-limited resolution by solving inverse scattering problems. In this paper, we review the developments of TPM from the fundamental physics to its applications in bioimaging. We first provide a comprehensive description of the tomographic reconstruction physical models used in TPM. The RI map reconstruction algorithms and various regularization methods are discussed. Selected TPM applications for cellular imaging, particularly in hematology, are reviewed. Finally, we examine the limitations of current TPM systems, propose future solutions, and envision promising directions in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Kim K, Park WS, Na S, Kim S, Kim T, Heo WD, Park Y. Correlative three-dimensional fluorescence and refractive index tomography: bridging the gap between molecular specificity and quantitative bioimaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5688-5697. [PMID: 29296497 PMCID: PMC5745112 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) provides label-free three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) measurement of biological samples. However, due to the nature of the RI values of biological specimens, ODT has limited access to molecular specific information. Here, we present an optical setup combining ODT with three-channel 3D fluorescence microscopy, to enhance the molecular specificity of the 3D RI measurement. The 3D RI distribution and 3D deconvoluted fluorescence images of HeLa cells and NIH-3T3 cells are measured, and the cross-correlative analysis between RI and fluorescence of live cells are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Current address: Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Sun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- TomoCube Inc., Daejeon 34051, South Korea
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14
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Yoon J, Jo Y, Kim MH, Kim K, Lee S, Kang SJ, Park Y. Identification of non-activated lymphocytes using three-dimensional refractive index tomography and machine learning. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6654. [PMID: 28751719 PMCID: PMC5532204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of lymphocyte cell types are crucial for understanding their pathophysiological roles in human diseases. Current methods for discriminating lymphocyte cell types primarily rely on labelling techniques with magnetic beads or fluorescence agents, which take time and have costs for sample preparation and may also have a potential risk of altering cellular functions. Here, we present the identification of non-activated lymphocyte cell types at the single-cell level using refractive index (RI) tomography and machine learning. From the measurements of three-dimensional RI maps of individual lymphocytes, the morphological and biochemical properties of the cells are quantitatively retrieved. To construct cell type classification models, various statistical classification algorithms are compared, and the k-NN (k = 4) algorithm was selected. The algorithm combines multiple quantitative characteristics of the lymphocyte to construct the cell type classifiers. After optimizing the feature sets via cross-validation, the trained classifiers enable identification of three lymphocyte cell types (B, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells) with high sensitivity and specificity. The present method, which combines RI tomography and machine learning for the first time to our knowledge, could be a versatile tool for investigating the pathophysiological roles of lymphocytes in various diseases including cancers, autoimmune diseases, and virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - YoungJu Jo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Tomocube, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Yang SA, Yoon J, Kim K, Park Y. Measurements of morphological and biophysical alterations in individual neuron cells associated with early neurotoxic effects in Parkinson's disease. Cytometry A 2017. [PMID: 28426150 DOI: 10.1101/080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. However, therapeutic methods of PD are still limited due to complex pathophysiology in PD. Here, optical measurements of individual neurons from in vitro PD model using optical diffraction tomography (ODT) are presented. By measuring 3D refractive index distribution of neurons, morphological and biophysical alterations in in-vitro PD model are quantitatively investigated. It was found that neurons show apoptotic features in early PD progression. The present approach will open up new opportunities for quantitative investigation of the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-A Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Tomocube, Inc, Daejeon, 34051, South Korea
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16
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Yang SA, Yoon J, Kim K, Park Y. Measurements of morphological and biophysical alterations in individual neuron cells associated with early neurotoxic effects in Parkinson's disease. Cytometry A 2017; 91:510-518. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-A Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology; Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology; Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- Department of Physics; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology; Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- Department of Physics; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology; Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- Department of Physics; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- Tomocube, Inc; Daejeon 34051 South Korea
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17
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Meng X, Tian X, Kong Y, Sun A, Yu W, Qian W, Song X, Cui H, Xue L, Liu C, Wang S. Rapid in-focus corrections on quantitative amplitude and phase imaging using transport of intensity equation method. J Microsc 2017; 266:253-262. [PMID: 28248423 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transport of intensity equation (TIE) method can acquire sample phase distributions with high speed and accuracy, offering another perspective for cellular observations and measurements. However, caused by incorrect focal plane determination, blurs and halos are induced, decreasing resolution and accuracy in both retrieved amplitude and phase information. In order to obtain high-accurate sample details, we propose TIE based in-focus correction technique for quantitative amplitude and phase imaging, which can locate focal plane and then retrieve both in-focus intensity and phase distributions combining with numerical wavefront extraction and propagation as well as physical image recorder translation. Certified by both numerical simulations and practical measurements, it is believed the proposed method not only captures high-accurate in-focus sample information, but also provides a potential way for fast autofocusing in microscopic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Meng
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Tian
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Present Address: Advanced Photonics Research Center, Laser Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - A Sun
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Yu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Qian
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Song
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - H Cui
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - L Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Lee K, Kim K, Kim G, Shin S, Park Y. Time-multiplexed structured illumination using a DMD for optical diffraction tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:999-1002. [PMID: 28248352 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a time-multiplexing structured illumination control technique for optical diffraction tomography (ODT). Instead of tilting the angle of illumination, time-multiplexed sinusoidal illumination is exploited using a digital micromirror device (DMD). The present method effectively eliminates unwanted diffracted beams from binary DMD patterns, which deteriorates the image quality of the ODT in the previous binary Lee hologram method. We experimentally show the feasibility and advantage of the present method by reconstructing three-dimensional refractive index distributions of various samples and comparing with a conventional Lee hologram method.
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