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Castro SVF, Pereira JFS, Souza MMC, Siqueira GP, Santana MHP, Richter EM, Munoz RAA. Rapid sequential determination of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine in forensic samples employing a graphite sheet sensor and cyclic square-wave stripping voltammetry. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:396. [PMID: 38877161 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of a portable analytical procedure is described for rapid sequential detection and quantification of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in forensic samples using a graphite sheet (GS). A single GS platform works as a collector of explosive residues and detector after its assembly into a 3D-printed cell. The detection strategy is based on cyclic square-wave stripping voltammetry. The cathodic scan from + 0.1 to -1.0 V with accumulation at 0.0 V enables the TNT detection (three reduction peaks), and the anodic scan from + 0.2 to + 1.55 V with accumulation at -0.9 V provides the RDX detection (two oxidation processes). Low detection limit values (0.1 µmol L-1 for TNT and 2.4 µmol L-1 for RDX) and wide linear ranges (from 1 to 150 µmol L-1 for TNT and from 20 to 300 µmol L-1 for RDX) were obtained. The sensor did not respond to pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), which was evaluated as a potential interferent, because plastic explosives contain mixtures of TNT, RDX, and PETN. The GS electrode was also evaluated as a collector of TNT and RDX residues spread on different surfaces to simulate forensic scenarios. After swiping over different surfaces (metal, granite, wood, cloths, hands, money bills, and cellphone), the GS electrode was assembled in the 3D-printed cell ready to measure both explosives by the proposed method. In all cases, the presence of TNT and RDX was confirmed, attesting the reliability of the proposed device to act as collector and sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia V F Castro
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Jian F S Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria M C Souza
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Gilvana P Siqueira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário H P Santana
- Forensic Laboratory of the Federal Police, Uberlândia, 38408-663, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Munoz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Kurian KJ, De Maere J, Schazmann B. Pencil and Gold Electrode Materials for the Electrochemical Study and Analysis of Dinitrotoluene. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9375-9382. [PMID: 38434862 PMCID: PMC10905693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of our work was to investigate practical and robust methods for the electrochemical analysis of DNT. Using gold WEs, we differentiated between the nitro substituents in 2,4- and 2,6-DNT in organic electrolyte systems. Switching to an aqueous electrolyte (2 M H2SO4), a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.158 ppm (0.87 μM) and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.48 ppm (2.64 μM) were observed for 2,4-DNT. Subsequent simplification to wooden craft pencils as WEs in aqueous 2 M H2SO4 electrolyte achieved a LOD of 4.8 ppm (26.48 μM) and a LOQ of 14.6 ppm (80.54 μM) for 2,4-DNT. Alongside this easily renewable WE choice, 2 M H2SO4 was found to improve the solubility of DNT in aqueous media and has not been previously reported as an electrolyte in DNT electroanalysis. On testing a range of pencil grades from 4H to 8B, it was found that 4B gave the best sensitivity. The work serves as a preliminary study into materials that, through their simplicity and availability, may be suitable for the development of a robust and portable instrumental method through the electrochemical work presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Kurian
- Applied
Electrochemistry Group (AEG), FOCAS Research
Institute − Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Julie De Maere
- Odisee
University of Applied Sciences, Technology Campus Ghent, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Schazmann
- School
of Chemical and BioPharmaceutical Sciences, CQ 441, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, Dublin 7, Ireland
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3
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Arman A, Sağlam Ş, Üzer A, Apak R. A novel electrochemical sensor based on phosphate-stabilized poly-caffeic acid film in combination with graphene nanosheets for sensitive determination of nitro-aromatic energetic materials. Talanta 2024; 266:125098. [PMID: 37639871 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This work offers a novel approach and sensor electrode for electrocatalytic reduction of nitro-aromatic explosives (NAEs). This sensor was created by combining electrochemically reduced graphene nanosheets (GNSs) -through cyclic voltammetric reduction of a graphene oxide colloidal solution- with phosphate-stabilized poly-caffeic acid (pCAF) film-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The poly-caffeic acid-modified nonconductive electrode was stabilized with a H2PO4-/HPO42- phosphate buffer at pH 7 and made conductive. The novel electrode, called phosphate stabilized-GC/GNSs/pCAF, was characterized by electrochemical methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensor exhibited high performance for trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection with a linear response between 50 and 500 μg L- 1 and a detection limit of 6 μg L-1. In addition to TNT, precise determinations of NAEs such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl methyl nitramine), trinitro phenol (TNP or picric acid; PA), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), and 4-amino dinitrotoluene (4A-DNT, an aerobic bacterial degradation product of TNT) were made using the developed sensor electrode and DPV technique. Simultaneous quantification of TNT and DNT was performed with the aid of a computational technique known as multiple linear regression (MLR). The optimized electrode was resistant to interference effects. Satisfactory results on real samples were obtained by applying the modified electrode to the determination of TNT, tetryl, and TNP in contaminated soil. The validation of the proposed method was made against a literature LC-MS/MS method. A statistical comparison of the obtained results was provided using F- and Student's t-tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Arman
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey; Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şener Sağlam
- Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar Neighborhood, Vedat Dalokay St. No:112, 06670, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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4
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Siqueira GP, Araújo DAG, de Faria LV, Ramos DLO, Matias TA, Richter EM, Paixão TRLC, Muñoz RAA. A novel 3D-printed graphite/polylactic acid sensor for the electrochemical determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene residues in environmental waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139796. [PMID: 37586488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, lab-made graphite and polylactic acid (Gpt-PLA) biocomposite materials were used to additively manufacture electrodes via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique for subsequent determination of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, considered a persistent organic pollutant). The surface of the 3D-printed material was characterized by SEM and Raman, which revealed high roughness and the presence of defects in the graphite structure, which enhanced the electrochemical response of TNT. The 3D-printed Gpt-PLA electrode coupled to square wave voltammetry (SWV) showed suitable performance for fastly determining the explosive residues (around 7 s). Two reduction processes at around -0.22 V and -0.36 V were selected for TNT detection, with linear ranges between 1.0 and 10.0 μM. Moreover, detection limits of 0.52 and 0.66 μM were achieved for both reduction steps. The proposed method was applied to determine TNT in different environmental water samples (tap water, river water, and seawater) without a dilution step (direct analysis). Recovery values between 98 and 106% confirmed the accuracy of the analyses. Additionally, adequate selectivity was achieved even in the presence of other explosives commonly used by military agencies, metallic ions commonly found in water, and also some electroactive camouflage species. Such results indicate that the proposed device is promising to quantify TNT residues in environmental samples, a viable on-site analysis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilvana P Siqueira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diele A G Araújo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucas V de Faria
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - David L O Ramos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Matias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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5
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Alizadeh N, Yoosefian J. Chemical reduction as a facile colorimetric approach for selective TNT detection by spectrophotometry and photothermal lens spectroscopy. Talanta 2023; 257:124334. [PMID: 36773511 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simple determination of TNT is achieved through the vivid stable red color products generated after chemically reduction by NaBH4 as a common and accessible reducing/colorimetric reagent. Some other nitroaromatics were impressed under reduction reaction and led to the colorful products. The color of these reduced nitroaromatics were unstable and approximately vanished after some few minutes which ameliorated the selectivity in TNT determination. Utilizing the time-dependent selectivity, the method was applied specifically for discriminating of TNT from other nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). UV-vis spectrophotometry and photothermal lens spectrometry were employed as detection techniques. The former was simpler and more available in various laboratories while the latter provides higher sensitivity. It was revealed that the photothermal lens responses were linear from 2.0 to 55.0 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) of about 0.8 nM. The LOD of the photothermal lens measurement were found to be 241 times lower than that of the UV-vis spectrophotometry in TNT quantification. The evolved method was successfully carried out for TNT vapor determination after trapping into the colorimetric reagent. The recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 3) calculated for 3 gas samples were ≥91% and ≤7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naader Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Yoosefian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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Tümay SO, Şenocak A, Çoşut B, Alidağı HA, Yeşilot S. A water-soluble small molecular fluorescent sensor based on phosphazene platform for selective detection of nitroaromatic compounds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00388-3. [PMID: 36807055 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-aromatic compounds have a deleterious effect on the environment and they are extremely explosive. Therefore, societal concern about exposure to nitro-aromatic compounds encourages researchers to develop selective and sensitive detection platforms for nitro-aromatic compounds in recent years. In this paper, a new 100% water-soluble cyclotriphosphazene-based bridged naphthalene material (4) was prepared as a small molecule fluorescent sensor for ultra-selective detection of nitro-aromatic compounds. The chemical structure of 4 was extensively characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies (31P, 13C, 1H). The photo-physical properties of the newly developed sensing system were investigated by steady-state fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopies. The fluorescence sensor behaviors were extensively evaluated after treatment with the most commonly used metal cations, anions, competitive aromatic compounds, saccharides, and organic acids. The developed fluorescent sensing system (4) demonstrated ultra-selective fluorescence "turn-off" signal change toward nitro-aromatic compounds while other tested competitive species caused negligible changes. To evaluate selectivity, time-resolved, steady-state 3D-fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopies were used in fully aqueous media. Moreover, theoretical calculations (density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory) were applied and discussed to identify fluorescence sensing mechanisms toward nitroaromatic compounds for the presented sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şenocak
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bünyemin Çoşut
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Serkan Yeşilot
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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7
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Srilaoong P, Buasakun J, Raksakoon C, Sangma C, Chainok K, Harding P, Harding DJ, Duangthongyou T. Highly Effective Detection of DNP and Fe3+ by Designed Coordination Polymers Containing Electron Rich Linkers and Azo Functional Groups. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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9
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Dettlaff A, Rycewicz M, Ficek M, Wieloszyńska A, Szala M, Ryl J, Bogdanowicz R. Conductive printable electrodes tuned by boron-doped nanodiamond foil additives for nitroexplosive detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:270. [PMID: 35789434 PMCID: PMC9255478 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient additive manufacturing-based composite material fabrication for electrochemical applications is reported. The composite is composed of commercially available graphene-doped polylactide acid (G-PLA) 3D printouts and surface-functionalized with nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond foil (NDF) additives. The NDFs were synthesized on a tantalum substrate and transferred to the 3D-printout surface at 200 °C. No other electrode activation treatment was necessary. Different configurations of low- and heavy-boron doping NDFs were evaluated. The electrode kinetics was analyzed using electrochemical procedures: cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The quasi-reversible electrochemical process was reported in each studied case. The studies allowed confirmation of the CV peak-to-peak separation of 63 mV and remarkably high heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant reaching 6.1 × 10−2 cm s−1 for 10 k ppm [B]/[C] thin NDF fitted topside at the G-PLA electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry was used for effective 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection at the studied electrodes with a 87 ppb limit of detection, and wide linearity range between peak current density and the analyte concentration (0.064 to 64 ppm of TNT). The reported electrode kinetic differences originate primarily from the boron-dopant concentration in the diamond and the various contents of the non-diamond carbon phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dettlaff
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał Rycewicz
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wieloszyńska
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szala
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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Electrochemical Detection of Dinitrobenzene on Silicon Electrodes: Toward Explosives Sensors. SURFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detection of explosives is vital for protection and criminal investigations, and developing novel explosives’ sensors stands at the forefront of the analytical and forensic chemistry endeavors. Due to the presence of terminal nitro groups that can be electrochemically reduced, nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) have been an analytical target for explosives’ electrochemical sensors. Various electrode materials have been used to detect NACs in solution, including glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), platinum (Pt), and gold (Au) electrodes, by tracking the reversible oxidation/reduction properties of the NACs on these electrodes. Here, we show that the reduction of dinitrobenzene (DNB) on oxide-free silicon (Si–H) electrodes is irreversible with two reduction peaks that disappear within the successive voltammetric scanning. AFM imaging showed the formation of a polymeric film whose thickness scales up with the DNB concentration. This suggest that Si–H surfaces can serve as DNB sensors and possibly other explosive substances. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements showed that the limit of detection (LoD) on Si–H is one order of magnitude lower than that obtained on GCE. In addition, EIS measurements showed that the LoD of DNB on Si–H is two orders of magnitude lower than the CV method. The fact that a Si–H surface can be used to track the presence of DNB makes it a suitable surface to be implemented as a sensing platform. To translate this concept into a sensor, however, it would require engineering and fabrication prospect to be compatible with the current semiconductor technologies.
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Balasingam M, Becker JD, Guerrero‐Almaraz P, Sun H, Koppang MD. Dual Electrode Detection in LC‐EC Analysis of Sanger‐tagged Amino Acids: Electrochemical Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Groups. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John D. Becker
- Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota Vermillion SD, 57069 USA
| | | | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota Vermillion SD, 57069 USA
| | - Miles D. Koppang
- Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota Vermillion SD, 57069 USA
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12
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Niu F, Shao ZW, Tao LM, Ding Y. Si-doped graphene nanosheets as a metal-free catalyst for electrochemical detection of nitroaromatic explosives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:848-856. [PMID: 33794406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Si-doped graphene nanosheets (SiGNS) have been successfully constructed via high temperature annealing of graphene oxide and tetraethoxysilane mixture in a sealed glass ampoule. The Si atoms doped into graphene's carbon network mainly existed as C3-Si-O and C2-Si-O2 configurations. The as-prepared SiGNS exhibited excellent electrochemical detection ability to nitroaromatic compounds in 0.1 M phosphoric acid buffer solution (PBS, pH = 8.0) via an electrochemical catalytic process. Five nitroaromatic compounds, including nitrobenzene, 2-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 2, 4-dinitrotoluene and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene, were taken as the analyte to demonstrate the electrochemical catalytic ability of SiGNS. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was carried out to explore the electrochemical catalytic mechanism of SiGNS. A hydrogen bond mediated electrochemical catalytic mechanism was proposed. Both the excellent electrical conductivity and the rich surface hydroxyl groups enhanced the electrochemical detection ability of SiGNS to nitroaromatic compounds. Si atoms in SiGNS played a key role for the excellent electrochemical detection ability of SiGNS due to most of the surface hydroxyl groups anchored on the Si atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Yong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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13
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Akay S, Kayan B, Martínez F. Dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in (ethanol + water) mixtures. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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15
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Li X, Ma Y, Zhong XL, Wang LS. Silver sulfide nanoparticles on MWCNTs stabilized by poloxamer: An enhanced electrochemical sensor for high sensitivity detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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To KC, Ben-Jaber S, Parkin IP. Recent Developments in the Field of Explosive Trace Detection. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10804-10833. [PMID: 32790331 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Explosive trace detection (ETD) technologies play a vital role in maintaining national security. ETD remains an active research area with many analytical techniques in operational use. This review details the latest advances in animal olfactory, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and Raman and colorimetric detection methods. Developments in optical, biological, electrochemical, mass, and thermal sensors are also covered in addition to the use of nanomaterials technology. Commercially available systems are presented as examples of current detection capabilities and as benchmarks for improvement. Attention is also drawn to recent collaborative projects involving government, academia, and industry to highlight the emergence of multimodal screening approaches and applications. The objective of the review is to provide a comprehensive overview of ETD by highlighting challenges in ETD and providing an understanding of the principles, advantages, and limitations of each technology and relating this to current systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chuen To
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sultan Ben-Jaber
- Department of Science and Forensics, King Fahad Security College, Riyadh 13232, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Zhang Q, Liang J, Zhao L, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wu Y, Jiang L. Synthesis of Novel Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots From Rosa roxburghii for Rapid and Highly Selective Detection of o-nitrophenol and Cellular Imaging. Front Chem 2020; 8:665. [PMID: 32850674 PMCID: PMC7411352 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were successfully synthesized by one-step hydrothermal reaction using Rosa roxburghii as a biomass-based precursor. The CQDs have an average size of 2.5 nm and a narrow size distribution. They display strong blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 24.8% and good biocompatibility. Notably, these CQDs were capable of detecting trace o-nitrophenol in surface water and sewage with high sensitivity and specificity. The linear range is 0.08–40 μmol/L, and the limit of detection is 15.2 nmol/L. Furthermore, this CQDs was successfully applied for o-nitrophenol analysis in river water and sewage samples. Additionally, Hep3B cells, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, can be easily imaged with high resolution using the as-prepared CQDs as nanoprobes. These results reveal that the as-prepared CQDs have potential applications for detecting o-nitrophenol and cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchun Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Junyi Liang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Yun Wu
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology of Guizhou Province, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
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18
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Klapec DJ, Czarnopys G, Pannuto J. Interpol review of detection and characterization of explosives and explosives residues 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:670-700. [PMID: 33385149 PMCID: PMC7770463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature for the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues from 2016-2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/Resources/Documents#Publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Klapec
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Greg Czarnopys
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Julie Pannuto
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
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19
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Dettlaff A, Jakóbczyk P, Ficek M, Wilk B, Szala M, Wojtas J, Ossowski T, Bogdanowicz R. Electrochemical determination of nitroaromatic explosives at boron-doped diamond/graphene nanowall electrodes: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitroanisole in liquid effluents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121672. [PMID: 31753664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study is devoted to the electrochemical detection of trace explosives on boron-doped diamond/graphene nanowall electrodes (B:DGNW). The electrodes were fabricated in a one-step growth process using chemical vapour deposition without any additional modifications. The electrochemical investigations were focused on the determination of the important nitroaromatic explosive compounds, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6-trinitroanisole (TNA). The distinct reduction peaks of both studied compounds were observed regardless of the pH value of the solution. The reduction peak currents were linearly related to the concentration of TNT and TNA in the range from 0.05-15 ppm. Nevertheless, two various linear trends were observed, attributed respectively to the adsorption processes at low concentrations up to the diffusional character of detection for larger contamination levels. The limit of detection of TNT and TNA is equal to 73 ppb and 270 ppb, respectively. Moreover, the proposed detection strategy has been applied under real conditions with a significant concentration of interfering compounds - in landfill leachates. The proposed bare B:DGNW electrodes were revealed to have a high electroactive area towards the voltammetric determination of various nitroaromatic compounds with a high rate of repeatability, thus appearing to be an attractive nanocarbon surface for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dettlaff
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - P Jakóbczyk
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Ficek
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B Wilk
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Szala
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Wojtas
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Ossowski
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Bażyńskiego 8, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R Bogdanowicz
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Wang Y, Xu R, Chen L, Wu C, Qiu L, Windle CD, Han Q, Qu L. Hierarchical ZnO@Hybrid Carbon Core-Shell Nanowire Array on a Graphene Fiber Microelectrode for Ultrasensitive Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8547-8554. [PMID: 32023031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchical architecture composed of nitrogen (N)-rich carbon@graphitic carbon-coated ZnO nanowire arrays on a graphene fiber (ZnO@C/GF) was fabricated by direct growth of a ZnO@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) core-shell nanowire array on a GF followed by annealing and used as a microelectrode for detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). In such a design, ZnO accumulated TNT through a strong nitroxide-zinc interaction and ZIF-8 served as the precursor of the N-rich carbon@graphitic carbon layer that seamlessly connected ZnO with the GF to improve the poor conductivity of ZnO, thus enhancing the sensitivity of the ZnO@C/GF microelectrode. The constructed hierarchical hybrid fiber microsensor exhibited a wide linear response to TNT in a concentration range of 0.1-32.2 μM with a low detection limit of 3.3 nM. This ZnO@C/GF microelectrode was further successfully applied to the detection of TNT in lake and tap water, indicating its promise as a portable sensor for the electrochemical detection of explosive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Liwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Chongbei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Lili Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Christopher D Windle
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Qing Han
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
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21
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Gajarushi AS, Surya SG, Walawalkar MG, Ravikanth M, Rao VR, Subramaniam C. Ultra-sensitive gas phase detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by non-covalently functionalized graphene field effect transistors. Analyst 2020; 145:917-928. [PMID: 31820747 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01962f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The high energy density (4.2 MJ kg-1) and low vapour pressure (7.2 × 10-9 atm) of chemical explosives such as TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) pose a grave security risk demanding immediate attention. Detection of such hazardous and highly challenging chemicals demands specific, ultra-sensitive and rapid detection platforms that can concomitantly transduce the signal as an electrical readout. Although chemo-sensitive strategies have been investigated, the majority of them are restricted to detecting TNT from solutions and are therefore not implementable in real-time, on-field situations. Addressing this demand, we report an ultra-sensitive (parts-per-billion) and rapid (∼40 s) detection platform for TNT based on non-covalently functionalized graphene field effect transistors (GFETs). This multi-parametric GFET detector exhibits a reliable and specific modulation in its Dirac point upon exposure to TNT in the vapour phase. The chemical specificity provided by 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tri(p-tolyl) zinc porphyrin (ZnTTPOH) is synergistically combined with the high surface sensitivity of graphene through a non-covalent functionalization approach to realise p-doped GFETs (Zn-GFETs). Such a FET platform exhibits extremely sensitive shifts in Dirac point (ΔDP) that correlate with the number of nitro groups present in the analyte. Analytes with mono-, di-, and tri-nitro substituted aromatic molecules exhibit distinctly different ΔDP, leading to unprecedented specificity towards TNT. Additionally, the Dirac point of Zn-GFETs is invariant for common and potential interferons such as acetone and 2-propanol (perfume emulsifiers) thereby validating their practical applicability. Furthermore, the ΔDP is also manifested as changes in the contact potential of GFETs, indicating that sub-monolayer coverage of ZnTTPOH is sufficient to modulate the transfer characteristics of GFETs over an area 1000 times larger than the dopant dimensions. Specifically, ZnTTPOH-functionalized GFETs exhibit p-doped behaviour with positive ΔDP with respect to pristine GFETs. Such p-doped Zn-GFETs undergo selective charge-transfer mediated interactions with TNT resulting in enhanced electron withdrawal from Zn-GFETs. Thus the ΔDP shifts to a higher positive gate voltage leading to the dichotomous combination of the highest signal generation (1.2 × 1012 V mol-1) with ppb level molecular sensitivity. Significantly, the signal generated due to TNT is 105 times higher in magnitude compared to other potential interferons. The signal reliability is established in cross-sensitivity measurements carried out with a TNT-mDNB (1 : 10 molar ratio) mixture pointing to high specificity for immediate applications under atmospherically relevant conditions pertaining to homeland security and global safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini S Gajarushi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
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22
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Chakraborty U, Bhanjana G, Adam J, Mishra YK, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR, Kaushik A. A flower-like ZnO–Ag2O nanocomposite for label and mediator free direct sensing of dinitrotoluene. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27764-27774. [PMID: 35686162 PMCID: PMC9127653 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02826f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a nitro aromatic compound used as a raw material for trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive synthesis along with several other industrial applications. Easy, rapid, cost-effective, and selective detection of 2,4-DNT is becoming essential due to its hepato carcinogenic nature and presence in surface as well as ground water as a contaminant. Keeping this in view, this research, for the first-time, reports the synthesis of novel ZnO–Ag2O composite nanoflowers on a gold (Au) substrate, to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for label-free, direct sensing of 2,4-DNT selectively. The proposed ZnO–Ag2O/Au sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 5 μA μM−1 cm−2 with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 13 nM, in a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 0.4 μM to 40 μM. The sensor showed reasonably high re-usability and reproducibility, with reliable results for laboratory and real-world samples. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a nitro aromatic compound used as a raw material for trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive synthesis along with several other industrial applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Gaurav Bhanjana
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Jost Adam
- Mads Clausen Institute
- University of Southern Denmark
- Sønderborg
- Denmark
| | | | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Division of Science, Arts & Mathematics
- Florida Polytechnic University
- Lakeland-33805
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23
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Construction of Silver Quantum Dot Immobilized Zn-MOF-8 Composite for Electrochemical Sensing of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report a highly effective electrochemical sensor for detecting 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). The amperometric determination of 2,4-DNT was carried out using a gold electrode modified with zinc–metal organic framework-8 and silver quantum dot (Zn-MOF-8@AgQDs) composite. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The synthesized nanocomposite proved to be efficient in electro-catalysis thereby reducing the 2,4-DNT. The unique combination present in Zn-MOF-8@AgQDs composite offered an excellent conductivity and large surface area enabling the fabrication of a highly sensitive (−0.238 µA µM−1 cm−2), selective, rapid and stable 2,4-DNT sensor. The dynamic linear range and limit of detection (LOD) was about 0.0002 µM to 0.9 µM and 0.041 µM, respectively. A 2,4-DNT reduction was also observed during the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) experiments with reduction peaks at −0.49 V and −0.68 V. This is an unprecedented report with metal organic framework (MOF) composite for sensing 2,4-DNT. In addition, the presence of other species such as thiourea, urea, ammonia, glucose, and ascorbic acid displayed no interference in the modified electrode suggesting its practicability in various environmental applications.
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24
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Effect of alumina supported on glassy-carbon electrode on the electrochemical reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: A simple strategy for its selective detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Mandal M, Balamurugan R. Efficient Sensing of Trinitrotoluene Using a Photoluminescent Benzo[
a
]fluorenone Derivative. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad, Gachibowli Hyderabad- 500046 India
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26
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Taranto V, Ueland M, Forbes SL, Blanes L. The analysis of nitrate explosive vapour samples using Lab-on-a-chip instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:467-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Hao X, Li C, Guo C. Fast‐response Electrochemical Detection of Trinitrotoluene at Sub‐ppb Levels on Nitrogenized Porous Carbon Spheres. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Juan Hao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and DevicesSuzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Chang‐Ming Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and DevicesSuzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
- Institute of Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSouthwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chunxian Guo
- Institute for Advanced Materials and DevicesSuzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
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28
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Meng Z, Stolz RM, Mendecki L, Mirica KA. Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2019; 119:478-598. [PMID: 30604969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrically-transduced sensors, with their simplicity and compatibility with standard electronic technologies, produce signals that can be efficiently acquired, processed, stored, and analyzed. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, phosphorene (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and others, have proven to be attractive for the fabrication of high-performance electrically-transduced chemical sensors due to their remarkable electronic and physical properties originating from their 2D structure. This review highlights the advances in electrically-transduced chemical sensing that rely on 2D materials. The structural components of such sensors are described, and the underlying operating principles for different types of architectures are discussed. The structural features, electronic properties, and surface chemistry of 2D nanostructures that dictate their sensing performance are reviewed. Key advances in the application of 2D materials, from both a historical and analytical perspective, are summarized for four different groups of analytes: gases, volatile compounds, ions, and biomolecules. The sensing performance is discussed in the context of the molecular design, structure-property relationships, and device fabrication technology. The outlook of challenges and opportunities for 2D nanomaterials for the future development of electrically-transduced sensors is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Robert M Stolz
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Lukasz Mendecki
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
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29
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Gogoi C, Reinsch H, Biswas S. A pyrazine core-based luminescent Zr(iv) organic framework for specific sensing of Fe3+, picric acid and Cr2O72−. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01347d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new Zr-MOF incorporating a pyrazine core-based tetracarboxylate was used for selective fluorometric sensing of Fe3+, picric acid and Cr2O72− with outstanding sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Helge Reinsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Shyam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
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30
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Bairagi PK, Gupta GS, Verma N. Fe‐enriched Clay‐coated and Reduced Graphene Oxide‐modified N‐doped Polymer Nanocomposite: A Natural Recognition Element‐based Sensing Electrode for DNT. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab K. Bairagi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur- 208016 India
| | - Govind S. Gupta
- Center for Environmental Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur- 208016 India
| | - Nishith Verma
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur- 208016 India
- Center for Environmental Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur- 208016 India
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31
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Mistek E, Fikiet MA, Khandasammy SR, Lednev IK. Toward Locard's Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:637-654. [PMID: 30404441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mistek
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Marisia A Fikiet
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Shelby R Khandasammy
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
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32
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Kong L, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Guan J, Pumera M. Fuel-Free Light-Powered TiO 2/Pt Janus Micromotors for Enhanced Nitroaromatic Explosives Degradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22427-22434. [PMID: 29916690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) are two common nitroaromatic compounds in ammunition. Their leakage leads to serious environmental pollution and threatens human health. It is important to remove or decompose them rapidly and efficiently. In this work, we present that light-powered TiO2/Pt Janus micromotors have high efficiency for the "on-the-fly" photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DNT and 2,4,6-TNT in pure water under UV irradiation. The redox reactions, induced by photogenerated holes and electrons on the TiO2/Pt Janus micromotor surfaces, produce a local electric field that propels the micromotors as well as oxidative species that are able to photodegrade 2,4-DNT and 2,4,6-TNT. Furthermore, the moving TiO2/Pt Janus micromotors show an efficient degradation of nitroaromatic compounds as compared to the stationary ones thanks to the enhanced mixing and mass transfer in the solution by movement of these micromotors. Such fuel-free light-powered micromotors for explosive degradation are expected to find a way to environmental remediation and security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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33
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Hussain I, Aleti G, Naidu R, Puschenreiter M, Mahmood Q, Rahman MM, Wang F, Shaheen S, Syed JH, Reichenauer TG. Microbe and plant assisted-remediation of organic xenobiotics and its enhancement by genetically modified organisms and recombinant technology: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1582-1599. [PMID: 30045575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems such as the deterioration of groundwater quality, soil degradation and various threats to human, animal and ecosystem health are closely related to the presence of high concentrations of organic xenobiotics in the environment. Employing appropriate technologies to remediate contaminated soils is crucial due to the site-specificity of most remediation methods. The limitations of conventional remediation technologies include poor environmental compatibility, high cost of implementation and poor public acceptability. This raises the call to employ biological methods for remediation. Bioremediation and microbe-assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) offer many ecological and cost-associated benefits. The overall efficiency and performance of bio- and phytoremediation approaches can be enhanced by genetically modified microbes and plants. Moreover, phytoremediation can also be stimulated by suitable plant-microbe partnerships, i.e. plant-endophytic or plant-rhizospheric associations. Synergistic interactions between recombinant bacteria and genetically modified plants can further enhance the restoration of environments impacted by organic pollutants. Nevertheless, releasing genetically modified microbes and plants into the environment does pose potential risks. These can be minimized by adopting environmental biotechnological techniques and guidelines provided by environmental protection agencies and other regulatory frameworks. The current contribution provides a comprehensive overview on enhanced bioremediation and phytoremediation approaches using transgenic plants and microbes. It also sheds light on the mitigation of associated environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Hussain
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Centre for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria; Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gajender Aleti
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Centre for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shahida Shaheen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road Tarlai Kalan 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Thomas G Reichenauer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Centre for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria.
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Castro SVF, Silva MNT, Tormin TF, Santana MHP, Nossol E, Richter EM, Munoz RAA. Highly-sensitive voltammetric detection of trinitrotoluene on reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube nanocomposite sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1035:14-21. [PMID: 30224132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the highly-sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on reduced graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube (rGO/MWCNT) nanocomposite sensor. The formation of a thin film of this nanocomposite occurred at the cyclohexane/water immiscible interface of a mixture of MWCNT and rGO in the biphasic solution. The film was transferred to a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the square-wave voltammetric detection of TNT, which presented improved analytical characteristics in comparison with bare BDD and after modification with precursors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also revealed the faster electron transfer for a redox probe on the nanocomposite modified surface. The synergistic properties of both carbon nanomaterials in the thin film modified surface resulted in a TNT sensor with a detection limit of 0.019 μmol L-1 within a wide linear range (0.5-1100 μmol L-1), with superior performance in comparison with other electrochemical sensors produced with carbon nanomaterials. This new material provides great promises for the highly-sensitive detection of other nitroaromatic explosives as well as other analytes. Moreover, the interfacial method enables the production of homogeneous and stable films on large coated areas as well as the large-scale production of electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia V F Castro
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Murilo N T Silva
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Tormin
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário H P Santana
- Unidade Técnico-Científica, Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal em MG, 38408-680, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edson Nossol
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Munoz
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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35
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Ganiga M, Mani NP, Cyriac J. Synthesis of Organophilic Carbon Dots, Selective Screening of Trinitrophenol and a Comprehensive Understanding of Luminescence Quenching Mechanism. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha Ganiga
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram - 695 547 INDIA
| | - Neema Pallikkarathodi Mani
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram - 695 547 INDIA
| | - Jobin Cyriac
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram - 695 547 INDIA
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36
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High-sensitivity ion detection at low voltages with current-driven organic electrochemical transistors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1441. [PMID: 29650956 PMCID: PMC5897342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ions dissolved in aqueous media play a fundamental role in plants, animals, and humans. Therefore, the in situ quantification of the ion concentration in aqueous media is gathering relevant interest in several fields including biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, healthcare products, water and food test and control, agriculture industry and security. The fundamental limitation of the state-of-art transistor-based approaches is the intrinsic trade-off between sensitivity, ion concentration range and operating voltage. Here we show a current-driven configuration based on organic electrochemical transistors that overcomes this fundamental limit. The measured ion sensitivity exceeds by one order of magnitude the Nernst limit at an operating voltage of few hundred millivolts. The ion sensitivity normalized to the supply voltage is larger than 1200 mV V−1 dec−1, which is the largest value ever reported for ion-sensitive transistors. The proposed approach is general and can be extended to any transistor technology, thus opening opportunities for high-performance bioelectronics. The organic electrochemical transistor is a type of transistor that modulates the channel current by the ion concentration and is thus explored for bio-applications. Here Ghittorelli et al. show a current-driven device configuration to increase the sensitivity by ten times than conventional approaches.
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37
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Huang W, Bender M, Seehafer K, Wacker I, Schröder RR, Bunz UHF. A Tetraphenylethene-Based Polymer Array Discriminates Nitroarenes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Seehafer
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Wacker
- Cryo
Electron Microscopy, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, BioQuant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAM,
Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- Cryo
Electron Microscopy, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, BioQuant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAM,
Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAM,
Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Madhu C, Roy B, Makam P, Govindaraju T. Bicomponent β-sheet assembly of dipeptide fluorophores of opposite polarity and sensitive detection of nitro-explosives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2280-2283. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent hydrogels formed by the bicomponent β-sheet co-assembly of dipeptide–pyrene amphiphiles of opposite polarity provide a 3D microenvironment to detect toxic nitro-explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilakapati Madhu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Bappaditya Roy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Pandeeswar Makam
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
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Quah HS, Ng LT, Vittal JJ. The role of structure and the metal ion in the fluorescence sensing of nitro compounds for a series of lanthanide(iii) 9,10-anthracene dicarboxylate coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:264-268. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Of the 9 nitro compounds tested for their efficiency to quench the photoluminescence of 28 lanthanide coordination polymers (CPs) containing 9,10-anthracene dicarboxylate (ADC), Brady's reagent was found to be the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Quah
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Li Ting Ng
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
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40
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Yu HA, DeTata DA, Lewis SW, Silvester DS. Recent developments in the electrochemical detection of explosives: Towards field-deployable devices for forensic science. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Justino CI, Gomes AR, Freitas AC, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos TA. Graphene based sensors and biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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