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Shiraishi T, Sato K. Real-time imaging of intracellular deformation dynamics in vibrated adherent cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38961714 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical vibration has been shown to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of its cellular mechanotransduction remains unclear. Although the measurement of intracellular deformation dynamics under mechanical vibration could reveal more detailed mechanisms, corroborating experimental evidence is lacking due to technical difficulties. In this study, we aimed to propose a real-time imaging method of intracellular structure deformation dynamics in vibrated adherent cell cultures and investigate whether organelles such as actin filaments connected to a nucleus and the nucleus itself show deformation under horizontal mechanical vibration. The proposed real-time imaging was achieved by conducting vibration isolation and making design improvements to the experimental setup; using a high-speed and high-sensitivity camera with a global shutter; and reducing image blur using a stroboscope technique. Using our system, we successfully produced the first experimental report on the existence of the deformation of organelles connected to a nucleus and the nucleus itself under horizontal mechanical vibration. Furthermore, the intracellular deformation difference between HeLa and MC3T3-E1 cells measured under horizontal mechanical vibration agrees with the prediction of their intracellular structure based on the mechanical vibration theory. These results provide new findings about the cellular mechanotransduction mechanism under mechanical vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Shiraishi
- Division of Artificial Environment and Information, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sato
- Division of Artificial Environment and Information, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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2
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Pan C, Hao X, Deng X, Lu F, Liu J, Hou W, Xu T. The roles of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway in physical therapy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:197. [PMID: 38670949 PMCID: PMC11053014 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is regulated by mechanical signals within the cellular microenvironment. Additionally, changes of temperature, blood flow, and muscle contraction also affect cellular state and the development of diseases. In clinical practice, physical therapy techniques such as ultrasound, vibration, exercise, cold therapy, and hyperthermia are commonly employed to alleviate pain and treat diseases. However, the molecular mechanism about how these physiotherapy methods stimulate local tissues and control gene expression remains unknow. Fortunately, the discovery of YAP filled this gap, which has been reported has the ability to sense and convert a wide variety of mechanical signals into cell-specific programs for transcription, thereby offering a fresh perspective on the mechanisms by which physiotherapy treat different diseases. This review examines the involvement of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway in various diseases and its role in different physical therapy approaches on diseases. Furthermore, we explore the potential therapeutic implications of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway and address the limitations and controversies surrounding its application in physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunran Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Birks S, Howard S, O'Rourke C, Thompson WR, Lau A, Uzer G. Osterix-driven LINC complex disruption in vivo diminishes osteogenesis at 8 weeks but not at 15 weeks. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38602438 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is a crucial connective component between the nuclear envelope and the cytoskeleton involving various cellular processes including nuclear positioning, nuclear architecture, and mechanotransduction. How LINC complexes regulate bone formation in vivo, however, is not well understood. To start bridging this gap, here we created a LINC disruption murine model using transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase enzyme under the control of the Osterix (Osx-Cre) which is primarily active in pre-osteoblasts and floxed Tg(CAG-LacZ/EGFP-KASH2) mice. Tg(CAG-LacZ/EGFP-KASH2) mice contain a lox-STOP-lox flanked LacZ gene which is deleted upon cre recombination allowing for the overexpression of an EGFP-KASH2 fusion protein. This overexpressed protein disrupts endogenous Nesprin-Sun binding leading to disruption of LINC complexes. Thus, crossing these two lines results in an Osx- driven LINC disruption (ODLD) specific to pre-osteoblasts. In this study, we investigated how this LINC disruption affects exercise-induced bone accrual. ODLD cells had decreased osteogenic and adipogenic potential in vitro compared to non-disrupted controls and sedentary ODLD mice showed decreased bone quality at 8 weeks. Upon access to a voluntary running wheel, ODLD animals showed increased running time and distance; however, our 6-week exercise intervention did not significantly affect bone microarchitecture and bone mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Birks
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Sean Howard
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Caroline O'Rourke
- Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, New Jersey, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Anthony Lau
- Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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Xiong X, Huo Q, Li K, Cui C, Chang C, Park C, Ku B, Hong CS, Lim H, Pandya PH, Saadatzadeh MR, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Lin CC, Kacena MA, Pollok KE, Chen A, Liu J, Thompson WR, Li XL, Li BY, Yokota H. Enhancing anti-tumor potential: low-intensity vibration suppresses osteosarcoma progression and augments MSCs' tumor-suppressive abilities. Theranostics 2024; 14:1430-1449. [PMID: 38389836 PMCID: PMC10879868 DOI: 10.7150/thno.90945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Osteosarcoma (OS), a common malignant bone tumor, calls for the investigation of novel treatment strategies. Low-intensity vibration (LIV) presents itself as a promising option, given its potential to enhance bone health and decrease cancer susceptibility. This research delves into the effects of LIV on OS cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a primary focus on generating induced tumor-suppressing cells (iTSCs) and tumor-suppressive conditioned medium (CM). Methods: To ascertain the influence of vibration frequency, we employed numerical simulations and conducted experiments to determine the most effective LIV conditions. Subsequently, we generated iTSCs and CM through LIV exposure and assessed the impact of CM on OS cells. We also explored the underlying mechanisms of the tumor-suppressive effects of LIV-treated MSC CM, with a specific focus on vinculin (VCL). We employed cytokine array, RNA sequencing, and Western blot techniques to investigate alterations in cytokine profiles, transcriptomes, and tumor suppressor proteins. Results: Numerical simulations validated LIV frequencies within the 10-100 Hz range. LIV induced notable morphological changes in OS cells and MSCs, confirming its dual role in inhibiting OS cell progression and promoting MSC conversion into iTSCs. Upregulated VCL expression enhanced MSC responsiveness to LIV, significantly bolstering CM's efficacy. Notably, we identified tumor suppressor proteins in LIV-treated CM, including procollagen C endopeptidase enhancer (PCOLCE), histone H4 (H4), peptidylprolyl isomerase B (PPIB), and aldolase A (ALDOA). Consistently, cytokine levels decreased significantly in LIV-treated mouse femurs, and oncogenic transcript levels were downregulated in LIV-treated OS cells. Moreover, our study demonstrated that combining LIV-treated MSC CM with chemotherapy drugs yielded additive anti-tumor effects. Conclusions: LIV effectively impeded the progression of OS cells and facilitated the transformation of MSCs into iTSCs. Notably, iTSC-derived CM demonstrated robust anti-tumor properties and the augmentation of MSC responsiveness to LIV via VCL. Furthermore, the enrichment of tumor suppressor proteins within LIV-treated MSC CM and the reduction of cytokines within LIV-treated isolated bone underscore the pivotal tumor-suppressive role of LIV within the bone tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingji Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Changpeng Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chunyi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Charles Park
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - BonHeon Ku
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Chin-Suk Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan College, Ulsan 44022, Korea
| | - HeeChang Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Pankita H. Pandya
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - M. Reza Saadatzadeh
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - William R. Thompson
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Regner AM, DeLeon M, Gibbons KD, Howard S, Nesbitt DQ, Lujan TJ, Fitzpatrick CK, Farach-Carson MC, Wu D, Uzer G. Increased deformations are dispensable for cell mechanoresponse in engineered bone analogs mimicking aging bone marrow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.24.559187. [PMID: 37905032 PMCID: PMC10614733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Aged individuals and astronauts experience bone loss despite rigorous physical activity. Bone mechanoresponse is in-part regulated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that respond to mechanical stimuli. Direct delivery of low intensity vibration (LIV) recovers MSC proliferation in senescence and simulated microgravity models, indicating that age-related reductions in mechanical signal delivery within bone marrow may contribute to declining bone mechanoresponse. To answer this question, we developed a 3D bone marrow analog that controls trabecular geometry, marrow mechanics and external stimuli. Validated finite element (FE) models were developed to quantify strain environment within hydrogels during LIV. Bone marrow analogs with gyroid-based trabeculae of bone volume fractions (BV/TV) corresponding to adult (25%) and aged (13%) mice were printed using polylactic acid (PLA). MSCs encapsulated in migration-permissive hydrogels within printed trabeculae showed robust cell populations on both PLA surface and hydrogel within a week. Following 14 days of LIV treatment (1g, 100 Hz, 1 hour/day), type-I collagen and F-actin were quantified for the cells in the hydrogel fraction. While LIV increased all measured outcomes, FE models predicted higher von Mises strains for the 13% BV/TV groups (0.2%) when compared to the 25% BV/TV group (0.1%). Despite increased strains, collagen-I and F-actin measures remained lower in the 13% BV/TV groups when compared to 25% BV/TV counterparts, indicating that cell response to LIV does not depend on hydrogel strains and that bone volume fraction (i.e. available bone surface) directly affects cell behavior in the hydrogel phase independent of the external stimuli. Overall, bone marrow analogs offer a robust and repeatable platform to study bone mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Regner
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | - Maximilien DeLeon
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Kalin D. Gibbons
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | - Sean Howard
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | | | - Trevor J. Lujan
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | | | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
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6
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Putra VDL, Kilian KA, Knothe Tate ML. Biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical modulators of cytoskeletal remodelling and emergent stem cell lineage commitment. Commun Biol 2023; 6:75. [PMID: 36658332 PMCID: PMC9852586 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Across complex, multi-time and -length scale biological systems, redundancy confers robustness and resilience, enabling adaptation and increasing survival under dynamic environmental conditions; this review addresses ubiquitous effects of cytoskeletal remodelling, triggered by biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical cues, on stem cell mechanoadaptation and emergent lineage commitment. The cytoskeleton provides an adaptive structural scaffold to the cell, regulating the emergence of stem cell structure-function relationships during tissue neogenesis, both in prenatal development as well as postnatal healing. Identification and mapping of the mechanical cues conducive to cytoskeletal remodelling and cell adaptation may help to establish environmental contexts that can be used prospectively as translational design specifications to target tissue neogenesis for regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize findings on cytoskeletal remodelling in the context of tissue neogenesis during early development and postnatal healing, and its relevance in guiding lineage commitment for targeted tissue regeneration. We highlight how cytoskeleton-targeting chemical agents modulate stem cell differentiation and govern responses to mechanical cues in stem cells' emerging form and function. We further review methods for spatiotemporal visualization and measurement of cytoskeletal remodelling, as well as its effects on the mechanical properties of cells, as a function of adaptation. Research in these areas may facilitate translation of stem cells' own healing potential and improve the design of materials, therapies, and devices for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina D L Putra
- School of Chemistry and School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry and School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Melissa L Knothe Tate
- Blue Mountains World Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute (bmwi³), Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia.
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Teixeira CC, Abdullah F, Alikhani M, Alansari S, Sangsuwon C, Oliveira S, Nervina JM, Alikhani M. Dynamic loading stimulates mandibular condyle remodeling. J World Fed Orthod 2022; 11:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Jiao F, Xu J, Zhao Y, Ye C, Sun Q, Liu C, Huo B. Synergistic effects of fluid shear stress and adhesion morphology on the apoptosis and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1636-1644. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiao
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Ye
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Sun
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute Capital University of Physical Education and Sports Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huo
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
- Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute Capital University of Physical Education and Sports Beijing People's Republic of China
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9
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Sun Y, Wan B, Wang R, Zhang B, Luo P, Wang D, Nie JJ, Chen D, Wu X. Mechanical Stimulation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Surrounding Microenvironments in Bone Regeneration: Regulations and Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808303. [PMID: 35127684 PMCID: PMC8815029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects remains a challenge in the clinic. Artificial bone grafts are the most promising alternative to autologous bone grafting. However, one of the limiting factors of artificial bone grafts is the limited means of regulating stem cell differentiation during bone regeneration. As a weight-bearing organ, bone is in a continuous mechanical environment. External mechanical force, a type of biophysical stimulation, plays an essential role in bone regeneration. It is generally accepted that osteocytes are mechanosensitive cells in bone. However, recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also respond to mechanical signals. This article reviews the mechanotransduction mechanisms of MSCs, the regulation of mechanical stimulation on microenvironments surrounding MSCs by modulating the immune response, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and the application of mechanical stimulation of MSCs in bone regeneration. The review provides a deep and extensive understanding of mechanical stimulation mechanisms, and prospects feasible designs of biomaterials for bone regeneration and the potential clinical applications of mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ben Wan
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renxian Wang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Diaodiao Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jun Nie
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Romero JJ, De Rossi MC, Oses C, Echegaray CV, Verneri P, Francia M, Guberman A, Levi V. Nucleus-cytoskeleton communication impacts on OCT4-chromatin interactions in embryonic stem cells. BMC Biol 2022; 20:6. [PMID: 34996451 PMCID: PMC8742348 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytoskeleton is a key component of the system responsible for transmitting mechanical cues from the cellular environment to the nucleus, where they trigger downstream responses. This communication is particularly relevant in embryonic stem (ES) cells since forces can regulate cell fate and guide developmental processes. However, little is known regarding cytoskeleton organization in ES cells, and thus, relevant aspects of nuclear-cytoskeletal interactions remain elusive. RESULTS We explored the three-dimensional distribution of the cytoskeleton in live ES cells and show that these filaments affect the shape of the nucleus. Next, we evaluated if cytoskeletal components indirectly modulate the binding of the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 to chromatin targets. We show that actin depolymerization triggers OCT4 binding to chromatin sites whereas vimentin disruption produces the opposite effect. In contrast to actin, vimentin contributes to the preservation of OCT4-chromatin interactions and, consequently, may have a pro-stemness role. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest roles of components of the cytoskeleton in shaping the nucleus of ES cells, influencing the interactions of the transcription factor OCT4 with the chromatin and potentially affecting pluripotency and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Romero
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia De Rossi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vázquez Echegaray
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Verneri
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Hao Z, Xu Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Li H, Chen T, Hu Y, Chen R, Huang K, Chen C, Li J. Biophysical Stimuli as the Fourth Pillar of Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790050. [PMID: 34858997 PMCID: PMC8630705 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of critical bone defects remains challenging worldwide. Three canonical pillars (biomaterial scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and stem cells) of bone tissue engineering have been widely used for bone regeneration in separate or combined strategies, but the delivery of bioactive molecules has several obvious drawbacks. Biophysical stimuli have great potential to become the fourth pillar of bone tissue engineering, which can be categorized into three groups depending on their physical properties: internal structural stimuli, external mechanical stimuli, and electromagnetic stimuli. In this review, distinctive biophysical stimuli coupled with their osteoinductive windows or parameters are initially presented to induce the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, osteoinductive mechanisms of biophysical transduction (a combination of mechanotransduction and electrocoupling) are reviewed to direct the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These mechanisms include biophysical sensing, transmission, and regulation. Furthermore, distinctive application strategies of biophysical stimuli are presented for bone tissue engineering, including predesigned biomaterials, tissue-engineered bone grafts, and postoperative biophysical stimuli loading strategies. Finally, ongoing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanke Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingkun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kegang Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Proactive Health Management Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hefeng Central Hospital, Enshi, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Birks S, Uzer G. At the nuclear envelope of bone mechanobiology. Bone 2021; 151:116023. [PMID: 34051417 PMCID: PMC8600447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope and nucleoskeleton are emerging as signaling centers that regulate how physical information from the extracellular matrix is biochemically transduced into the nucleus, affecting chromatin and controlling cell function. Bone is a mechanically driven tissue that relies on physical information to maintain its physiological function and structure. Disorder that present with musculoskeletal and cardiac symptoms, such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophies and progeria, correlate with mutations in nuclear envelope proteins including Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, Lamin A/C, and emerin. However, the role of nuclear envelope mechanobiology on bone function remains underexplored. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model is perhaps the most studied relationship between bone regulation and nuclear envelope function. MSCs maintain the musculoskeletal system by differentiating into multiple cell types including osteocytes and adipocytes, thus supporting the bone's ability to respond to mechanical challenge. In this review, we will focus on how MSC function is regulated by mechanical challenges both in vitro and in vivo within the context of bone function specifically focusing on integrin, β-catenin and YAP/TAZ signaling. The importance of the nuclear envelope will be explored within the context of musculoskeletal diseases related to nuclear envelope protein mutations and nuclear envelope regulation of signaling pathways relevant to bone mechanobiology in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Birks
- Boise State University, Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, United States of America
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Boise State University, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, United States of America.
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13
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Mofatteh M, Echegaray-Iturra F, Alamban A, Dalla Ricca F, Bakshi A, Aydogan MG. Autonomous clocks that regulate organelle biogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular dynamics. eLife 2021; 10:e72104. [PMID: 34586070 PMCID: PMC8480978 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How do cells perceive time? Do cells use temporal information to regulate the production/degradation of their enzymes, membranes, and organelles? Does controlling biological time influence cytoskeletal organization and cellular architecture in ways that confer evolutionary and physiological advantages? Potential answers to these fundamental questions of cell biology have historically revolved around the discussion of 'master' temporal programs, such as the principal cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin cell division oscillator and the circadian clock. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent evidence supporting an emerging concept of 'autonomous clocks,' which under normal conditions can be entrained by the cell cycle and/or the circadian clock to run at their pace, but can also run independently to serve their functions if/when these major temporal programs are halted/abrupted. We begin the discussion by introducing recent developments in the study of such clocks and their roles at different scales and complexities. We then use current advances to elucidate the logic and molecular architecture of temporal networks that comprise autonomous clocks, providing important clues as to how these clocks may have evolved to run independently and, sometimes at the cost of redundancy, have strongly coupled to run under the full command of the cell cycle and/or the circadian clock. Next, we review a list of important recent findings that have shed new light onto potential hallmarks of autonomous clocks, suggestive of prospective theoretical and experimental approaches to further accelerate their discovery. Finally, we discuss their roles in health and disease, as well as possible therapeutic opportunities that targeting the autonomous clocks may offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mofatteh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Fabio Echegaray-Iturra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrew Alamban
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Francesco Dalla Ricca
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Anand Bakshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mustafa G Aydogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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14
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RNA-seq reveals correlations between cytoskeleton-related genes and the osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells on strontium loaded titania nanotube arrays. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111939. [PMID: 33641927 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Strontium loaded titania nanotube arrays (NTSr), as well as titania nanotube arrays (NT), have been regarded as effective coatings to promote bone regeneration on titanium implants, but an understanding of the full extent of early processes affected by such surface modifications is absent. To address this limitation, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of Sprague-Dawley rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) cultured on unmodified titanium sheets (Con), NT and NTSr specimens. By pairwise comparisons we found that NT and NTSr shared a majority of differentially expressed genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that NT and NTSr up-regulated a bunch of genes that are annotated to the cytoskeleton. The results were supported by immunofluorescent, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blotting assays. By inhibiting the cytoskeleton through pharmacological agents, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on NT and NTSr were also suppressed. Informed by these results, we concluded that NT and NTSr specimens reorganized the cytoskeleton of cultured cells that may play a crucial role in osteogenic lineage commitment.
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15
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Yu W, Chen K, Ye G, Wang S, Wang P, Li J, Zheng G, Liu W, Lin J, Su Z, Che Y, Ye F, Ma M, Xie Z, Shen H. SNP-adjacent super enhancer network mediates enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in ankylosing spondylitis. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:277-293. [PMID: 33355648 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic disease with pathological osteogenesis that causes bony ankylosis and even deformity over time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are the main source of osteoblasts. We previously demonstrated that enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from AS patients (ASMSCs) is related to pathological osteogenesis in AS. However, the more concrete mechanism needs further exploration. Super enhancers (SEs) are dense clusters of stitched enhancers that control cell identity determination and disease development. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulate the formation and interaction of SEs and denote genes accounting for AS susceptibility. Via integrative analysis of multiomic data, including histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), SNPs and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, we discovered a transcription network mediated by AS SNP-adjacent SEs (SASEs) in ASMSCs and identified key genes, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL18R1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), transportin 1 (TNPO1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), which are pivotal in osteogenesis and AS pathogenesis. The SASE-regulated network modulates the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of ASMSCs by synergistically activating the PI3K-Akt, NF-kappaB and Hippo signaling pathways. Our results emphasize the crucial role of the SASE-regulated network in pathological osteogenesis in AS, and the preferential inhibition of ASMSC osteogenic differentiation by JQ1 indicates that SEs may be attractive targets in future treatment for new bone formation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Keng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Guan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zepeng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Yunshu Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
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16
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Thompson M, Woods K, Newberg J, Oxford JT, Uzer G. Low-intensity vibration restores nuclear YAP levels and acute YAP nuclear shuttling in mesenchymal stem cells subjected to simulated microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:35. [PMID: 33298964 PMCID: PMC7708987 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the musculoskeletal deterioration that astronauts experience in microgravity requires countermeasures that can improve the effectiveness of otherwise rigorous and time-expensive exercise regimens in space. The ability of low-intensity vibrations (LIV) to activate force-responsive signaling pathways in cells suggests LIV as a potential countermeasure to improve cell responsiveness to subsequent mechanical challenge. Mechanoresponse of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which maintain bone-making osteoblasts, is in part controlled by the "mechanotransducer" protein YAP (Yes-associated protein), which is shuttled into the nucleus in response to cyto-mechanical forces. Here, using YAP nuclear shuttling as a measurement outcome, we tested the effect of 72 h of clinostat-induced simulated microgravity (SMG) and daily LIV application (LIVDT) on the YAP nuclear entry driven by either acute LIV (LIVAT) or Lysophosphohaditic acid (LPA), applied after the 72 h period. We hypothesized that SMG-induced impairment of acute YAP nuclear entry would be alleviated by the daily application of LIVDT. Results showed that while both acute LIVAT and LPA treatments increased nuclear YAP entry by 50 and 87% over the basal levels in SMG-treated MSCs, nuclear YAP levels of all SMG groups were significantly lower than non-SMG controls. LIVDT, applied in parallel to SMG, restored the SMG-driven decrease in basal nuclear YAP to control levels as well as increased the LPA-induced but not LIVAT-induced YAP nuclear entry over SMG only, counterparts. These cell-level observations suggest that daily LIV treatments are a feasible countermeasure for restoring basal nuclear YAP levels and increasing the YAP nuclear shuttling in MSCs under SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Thompson
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Kali Woods
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Joshua Newberg
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
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17
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Mechanical suppression of breast cancer cell invasion and paracrine signaling to osteoclasts requires nucleo-cytoskeletal connectivity. Bone Res 2020; 8:40. [PMID: 33298883 PMCID: PMC7673025 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise benefits the musculoskeletal system and reduces the effects of cancer. The effects of exercise are multifactorial, where metabolic changes and tissue adaptation influence outcomes. Mechanical signals, a principal component of exercise, are anabolic to the musculoskeletal system and restrict cancer progression. We examined the mechanisms through which cancer cells sense and respond to low-magnitude mechanical signals introduced in the form of vibration. Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration was applied to human breast cancer cells in the form of low-intensity vibration (LIV). LIV decreased matrix invasion and impaired secretion of osteolytic factors PTHLH, IL-11, and RANKL. Furthermore, paracrine signals from mechanically stimulated cancer cells, reduced osteoclast differentiation and resorptive capacity. Disconnecting the nucleus by knockdown of SUN1 and SUN2 impaired LIV-mediated suppression of invasion and osteolytic factor secretion. LIV increased cell stiffness; an effect dependent on the LINC complex. These data show that mechanical vibration reduces the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells, where the nucleus serves as a mechanosensory apparatus to alter cell structure and intercellular signaling.
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18
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Steppe L, Liedert A, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Influence of Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration on Bone Cells and Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:595139. [PMID: 33195165 PMCID: PMC7609921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.595139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a mechanosensitive tissue for which mechanical stimuli are crucial in maintaining its structure and function. Bone cells react to their biomechanical environment by activating molecular signaling pathways, which regulate their proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production. Bone implants influence the mechanical conditions in the adjacent bone tissue. Optimizing their mechanical properties can support bone regeneration. Furthermore, external biomechanical stimulation can be applied to improve implant osseointegration and accelerate bone regeneration. One promising anabolic therapy is vertical whole-body low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV). This form of vibration is currently extensively investigated to serve as an easy-to-apply, cost-effective, and efficient treatment for bone disorders and regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of LMHFV effects on bone cells in vitro and on implant integration and bone fracture healing in vivo. In particular, we review the current knowledge on cellular signaling pathways which are influenced by LMHFV within bone tissue. Most of the in vitro experiments showed that LMHFV is able to enhance mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and osteoblast proliferation. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and osteoblasts was shown to be accelerated by LMHFV, whereas osteoclastogenic differentiation was inhibited. Furthermore, LMHFV increased bone regeneration during osteoporotic fracture healing and osseointegration of orthopedic implants. Important mechanosensitive pathways mediating the effects of LMHFV might be the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway, and cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Liedert
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Bolmatov D, Kinnun JJ, Katsaras J, Lavrentovich MO. Phonon-mediated lipid raft formation in biological membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104979. [PMID: 32980352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Short-wavelength collective molecular motions, also known as phonons, have recently attracted much interest in revealing dynamic properties of biological membranes through the use of neutron and X-ray scattering, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics simulations. Experimentally detecting unique vibrational patterns such as, shear phonon excitations, viscoelastic crossovers, transverse acoustic phonon gaps, and continuous and truncated optical phonon modes in cellular membranes, to name a few, has proven non-trivial. Here, we review recent advances in liquid thermodynamics that have resulted in the development of the phonon theory of liquids. The theory has important predictions regarding the shear vibrational spectra of fluids, namely the emergence of viscoelastic crossovers and transverse acoustic phonon gaps. Furthermore, we show that these vibrational patterns are common in soft (non-crystalline) materials, including, but not limited to liquids, colloids, liquid crystals (mesogens), block copolymers, and biological membranes. The existence of viscoelastic crossovers and acoustic phonon gaps define the self-diffusion properties of cellular membranes and provide a molecular picture of the transient nature of lipid rafts (Bolmatov et al., 2020). Importantly, the timescales (picoseconds) for the formation and dissolution of transient lipid rafts match the lifetime of the formation and breakdown of interfacial water hydrogen bonds. Apart from acoustic propagating phonon modes, biological membranes can also support more energetic non-propagating optical phonon excitations, also known as standing waves or breathing modes. Importantly, optical phonons can be truncated due to the existence of finite size nanodomains made up of strongly correlated lipid-cholesterol molecular pairs. These strongly coupled molecular pairs can serve as nucleation centers for the formation of stable rafts at larger length scales, due to correlations of spontaneous fluctuations (Onsager's regression hypothesis). Finally and importantly, molecular level viscoelastic crossovers, acoustic phonon gaps, and continuous and truncated optical phonon modes may offer insights as to how lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions enable biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - Jacob J Kinnun
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
| | - John Katsaras
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Sample Environment Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
| | - Maxim O Lavrentovich
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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20
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Enomoto U, Imashiro C, Takemura K. Collective cell migration of fibroblasts is affected by horizontal vibration of the cell culture dish. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:402-411. [PMID: 32944015 PMCID: PMC7481772 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating the collective migration of cells is an important issue in bioengineering. Enhancing or suppressing cell migration and controlling the migration direction is useful for various physiological phenomena such as wound healing. Several methods of migration regulation based on different mechanical stimuli have been reported. While vibrational stimuli, such as sound waves, show promise for regulating migration, the effect of the vibration direction on collective cell migration has not been studied in depth. Therefore, we fabricated a vibrating system that can apply horizontal vibration to a cell culture dish. Here, we evaluated the effect of the vibration direction on the collective migration of fibroblasts in a wound model comprising two culture areas separated by a gap. Results showed that the vibration direction affects the cell migration distance: vibration orthogonal to the gap enhances the collective cell migration distance while vibration parallel to the gap suppresses it. Results also showed that conditions leading to enhanced migration distance were also associated with elevated glucose consumption. Furthermore, under conditions promoting cell migration, the cell nuclei become elongated and oriented orthogonal to the gap. In contrast, under conditions that reduce the migration distance, cell nuclei were oriented to the direction parallel to the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Enomoto
- School of Science for Open and Environmental SystemsGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Chikahiro Imashiro
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKeio UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and ScienceTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kenjiro Takemura
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKeio UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
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21
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Isolated nuclei stiffen in response to low intensity vibration. J Biomech 2020; 111:110012. [PMID: 32932075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both direct mechanical input and its molecular transducers to sense and respond to external stimuli. While it has been shown that isolated nuclei can adapt to applied force ex vivo, the mechanisms governing nuclear mechanoadaptation in response to physiologic forces in vivo remain unclear. To investigate nuclear mechanoadaptation in cells, we developed an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based procedure to probe live nuclei isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) following the application of low intensity vibration (LIV) to determine whether nuclear stiffness increases as a result of LIV. Results indicated that isolated nuclei were, on average, 30% softer than nuclei tested within intact MSCs prior to LIV. When the nucleus was isolated following LIV (0.7 g, 90 Hz, 20 min) applied four times (4×) separated by 1 h intervals, stiffness of isolated nuclei increased 75% compared to non-LIV controls. LIV-induced nuclear stiffening required functional Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, but was not accompanied by increased levels of the nuclear envelope proteins LaminA/C or Sun-2. While depleting LaminA/C or Sun-1&2 resulted in either a 47% or 39% increased heterochromatin to nuclear area ratio in isolated nuclei, the heterochromatin to nuclear area ratio was decreased by 25% in LIV-treated nuclei compared to controls, indicating LIV-induced changes in the heterochromatin structure. Overall, our findings indicate that increased apparent cell stiffness in response to exogenous mechanical challenge of MSCs in the form of LIV is in part retained by increased nuclear stiffness and changes in heterochromatin structure.
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22
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Low Intensity Vibrations Augment Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Capacity during in vitro Expansion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9369. [PMID: 32523117 PMCID: PMC7286897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary component of exercise, mechanical signals, when applied in the form of low intensity vibration (LIV), increases mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis and proliferation. While it is generally accepted that exercise effectively combats the deleterious effects of aging in the musculoskeletal system, how long-term exercise affects stem cell aging, which is typified by reduced proliferative and differentiative capacity, is not well explored. As a first step in understanding the effect of long-term application of mechanical signals on stem cell function, we investigated the effect of LIV during in vitro expansion of MSCs. Primary MSCs were subjected to either a control or to a twice-daily LIV regimen for up to sixty cell passages (P60) under in vitro cell expansion conditions. LIV effects were assessed at both early passage (EP) and late passage (LP). At the end of the experiment, P60 cultures exposed to LIV maintained a 28% increase of cell doubling and a 39% reduction in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (p < 0.01) but no changes in telomere lengths and p16INK4a levels were observed. Prolonged culture-associated decreases in osteogenic and adipogenic capacity were partially protected by LIV in both EP and LP groups (p < 0.05). Mass spectroscopy of late passage MSC indicated a synergistic decrease of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton-associated proteins in both control and LIV groups while LIV induced a recovery of proteins associated with oxidative reductase activity. In summary, our findings show that the application of long-term mechanical challenge (+LIV) during in vitro expansion of MSCs for sixty passages significantly alters MSC proliferation, differentiation and structure. This suggests LIV as a potential tool to investigate the role of physical activity during aging.
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23
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Jiao F, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Huo B. Spreading area and shape regulate the apoptosis and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells on circular and branched micropatterned islands. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2080-2089. [PMID: 32319192 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The topography of extracellular matrix regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In particular, the effect of spreading shape or area on cellular differentiation and viability of individual MSCs cultured in the confined adhesive regions is an interesting fundamental issue. In this study, the adhesive patterns with the circularity of 0.1 or 1 and the areas of 314; 628; 1,256; or 2,512 μm2 were constructed using micropatterning technology. The expression of osteogenesis marker alkaline phosphatase and the apoptosis level of individual MSCs were measured using double fluorescent staining. Results indicated that individual MSCs confined in the small area showed an apoptotic tendency, and those in the large area might enter into osteogenesis. The branched shape with small circularity increased MSC viability but reduced their pluripotency compared with the circular shape. The expression of other osteogenesis markers, such as osteocalcin and Collagen I, confirmed that large and branched pattern promoted MSC osteogenesis. In addition, the transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP) was transferred higher in the nuclei of the large and branched cells than other micropatterned groups. This study suggested that the spreading area and shape of individual MSCs regulate their viability and osteogenesis through the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiao
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Sun
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huo
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Lai NCH, Wei K, Li R, Cui M, Yang B, Wong SHD, Deng Y, Li J, Shuai X, Bian L. Biomimetic Presentation of Cryptic Ligands via Single-Chain Nanogels for Synergistic Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4027-4035. [PMID: 32223215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic controlling the nanoscale presentation of synergistic ligands to stem cells by biomimetic single-chain materials can provide critical insights to understand the molecular crosstalk underlying cells and their extracellular matrix. Here, a stimuli-responsive single-chain macromolecular nanoregulator with conformational dynamics is fabricated based on an advanced scale-up single polymeric chain nanogel (SCNG). Such a carefully designed SCNG is capable of mediating a triggered copresentation of the master and cryptic ligands in a single molecule to elicit the synergistic crosstalk between different intracellular signaling pathways, thereby considerably boosting the bioactivity of the presented ligands. This controllable nanoswitching-on of cell-adhesive ligands' presentation allows the regulation of cell adhesion and fate from molecular scale. The modular nature of this synthetic macromolecular nanoregulator makes it a versatile nanomaterial platform to assist basic and fundamental studies in a wide array of research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Nathanael Chun-Him Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Boguang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yingrui Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Jiashen Li
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
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25
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Song Y, Soto J, Chen B, Yang L, Li S. Cell engineering: Biophysical regulation of the nucleus. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119743. [PMID: 31962231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells live in a complex and dynamic microenvironment, and a variety of microenvironmental cues can regulate cell behavior. In addition to biochemical signals, biophysical cues can induce not only immediate intracellular responses, but also long-term effects on phenotypic changes such as stem cell differentiation, immune cell activation and somatic cell reprogramming. Cells respond to mechanical stimuli via an outside-in and inside-out feedback loop, and the cell nucleus plays an important role in this process. The mechanical properties of the nucleus can directly or indirectly modulate mechanotransduction, and the physical coupling of the cell nucleus with the cytoskeleton can affect chromatin structure and regulate the epigenetic state, gene expression and cell function. In this review, we will highlight the recent progress in nuclear biomechanics and mechanobiology in the context of cell engineering, tissue remodeling and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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26
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Halonen HT, Hyttinen JA, Ihalainen TO. Mechanical impact stimulation platform tailored for high-resolution light microscopy. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-019-00382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHigh frequency (HF) mechanical vibration has been used in vitro to study the cellular response to mechanical stimulation and induce stem cell differentiation. However, detailed understanding of the effect of the mechanical cues on cellular physiology is lacking. To meet this limitation, we have designed a system, which enables monitoring of living cells by high-resolution light microscopy during mechanical stimulation by HF vibration or mechanical impacts. The system consists of a commercial speaker, and a 3D printed sample vehicle and frame. The speaker moves the sample in the horizontal plane, allowing simultaneous microscopy. The HF vibration (30–200 Hz) performances of two vehicles made of polymer and aluminum were characterized with accelerometer. The mechanical impacts were characterized by measuring the acceleration of the aluminum vehicle and by time lapse imaging. The lighter polymer vehicle produced higher HF vibration magnitudes at 30–50 Hz frequencies than the aluminum vehicle. However, the aluminum vehicle performed better at higher frequencies (60–70 Hz, 90–100 Hz, 150 Hz). Compatibility of the system in live cell experiments was investigated with epithelial cells (MDCKII, expressing Emerald-Occludin) and HF (0.56Gpeak,30 Hz and 60 Hz) vibration. Our findings indicated that our system is compatible with high-resolution live cell microscopy. Furthermore, the epithelial cells were remarkable stable under mechanical vibration stimulation. To conclude, we have designed an inexpensive tool for the studies of cellular biophysics, which combines versatile in vivo like mechanical stimuli with live cell imaging, showing a great potential for several cellular applications.
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27
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Halonen HT, Ihalainen TO, Hyväri L, Miettinen S, Hyttinen JAK. Cell adhesion and culture medium dependent changes in the high frequency mechanical vibration induced proliferation, osteogenesis, and intracellular organization of human adipose stem cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 101:103419. [PMID: 31518945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High frequency (HF) mechanical vibration appears beneficial for in vitro osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the current mechanobiological understanding of the method remains insufficient. We designed high-throughput stimulators to apply horizontal or vertical high magnitude HF (HMHF; 2.5 Gpeak, 100 Hz) vibration on human adipose stem cells (hASCs). We analyzed proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and effects on the actin cytoskeleton and nuclei using immunocytochemical stainings. Proliferation was studied on a standard tissue culture plastic (sTCP) surface and on an adhesion supporting tissue culture plastic (asTCP) surface in basal (BM) and osteogenic (OM) culture medium conditions. We discovered that the improved cell adhesion was a prerequisite for vibration induced changes in the proliferation of hASCs. Similarly, the adhesion supporting surface enabled us to observe vibration initiated ALP activity and mineralization changes in OM condition. The horizontal vibration increased ALP activity, while vertical stimulation reduced ALP activity. However, mineralization was not enhanced by the HMHF vibration. We performed image-based analysis of actin and nuclei to obtain novel data of the intracellular-level responses to HF vibration in BM and OM conditions. Our quantitative results suggest that actin organizations were culture medium and stimulation direction dependent. Both stimulation directions decreased OM induced changes in nuclear size and elongation. Consequently, our findings of the nuclear deformations provide supportive evidence for the involvement of the nuclei in the mechanocoupling of HF vibration. Taken together, the results of this study enhanced the knowledge of the intracellular mechanisms of HF vibration induced osteogenesis of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Halonen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - T O Ihalainen
- Cellular Biophysics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - L Hyväri
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland; Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - S Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland; Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - J A K Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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28
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Touchstone H, Bryd R, Loisate S, Thompson M, Kim S, Puranam K, Senthilnathan AN, Pu X, Beard R, Rubin J, Alwood J, Oxford JT, Uzer G. Recovery of stem cell proliferation by low intensity vibration under simulated microgravity requires LINC complex. NPJ Microgravity 2019; 5:11. [PMID: 31123701 PMCID: PMC6520402 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-019-0072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) rely on their ability to integrate physical and spatial signals at load bearing sites to replace and renew musculoskeletal tissues. Designed to mimic unloading experienced during spaceflight, preclinical unloading and simulated microgravity models show that alteration of gravitational loading limits proliferative activity of stem cells. Emerging evidence indicates that this loss of proliferation may be linked to loss of cellular cytoskeleton and contractility. Low intensity vibration (LIV) is an exercise mimetic that promotes proliferation and differentiation of MSCs by enhancing cell structure. Here, we asked whether application of LIV could restore the reduced proliferative capacity seen in MSCs that are subjected to simulated microgravity. We found that simulated microgravity (sMG) decreased cell proliferation and simultaneously compromised cell structure. These changes included increased nuclear height, disorganized apical F-actin structure, reduced expression, and protein levels of nuclear lamina elements LaminA/C LaminB1 as well as linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex elements Sun-2 and Nesprin-2. Application of LIV restored cell proliferation and nuclear proteins LaminA/C and Sun-2. An intact LINC function was required for LIV effect; disabling LINC functionality via co-depletion of Sun-1, and Sun-2 prevented rescue of cell proliferation by LIV. Our findings show that sMG alters nuclear structure and leads to decreased cell proliferation, but does not diminish LINC complex mediated mechanosensitivity, suggesting LIV as a potential candidate to combat sMG-induced proliferation loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Touchstone
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - R. Bryd
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - S. Loisate
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - M. Thompson
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - K. Puranam
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - A. N. Senthilnathan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - X. Pu
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - R. Beard
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - J. Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - J. Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA
| | - J. T. Oxford
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - G. Uzer
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
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29
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Li H, Zhu H, Zhang F, Dong X, Hao T, Jiang X, Zheng W, Zhang T, Chen X, Wang P, Na J, Wang C, Zhou J. Spaceflight Promoted Myocardial Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Results from Tianzhou-1 Space Mission. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:357-360. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Hao
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peizhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Tissue Engineering Research Center, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Judex S, Pongkitwitoon S. Differential Efficacy of 2 Vibrating Orthodontic Devices to Alter the Cellular Response in Osteoblasts, Fibroblasts, and Osteoclasts. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818792112. [PMID: 30397398 PMCID: PMC6207979 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818792112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modalities that increase the rate of tooth movement have received considerable attention, but direct comparisons between devices are rare. Here, we contrasted 2 mechanical vibratory devices designed to directly transfer vibrations into alveolar bone as a means to influence bone remodeling. To this end, 3 cells types intimately involved in modulating tooth movements-osteoblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and osteoclasts-were subjected to in vitro vibrations at bout durations prescribed by the manufacturers. As quantified by an accelerometer, vibration frequency and peak accelerations were 400% and 70% greater in the VPro5 (Propel Orthodontics) than in the AcceleDent (OrthoAccel Technologies) device. Both devices caused increased cell proliferation and gene expression in osteoblasts and fibroblasts, but the response to VPro5 treatment was greater than for the AcceleDent. In contrast, the ability to increase osteoclast activity was device independent. These data present an important first step in determining how specific cell types important for facilitating tooth movement respond to different vibration profiles. The device that engendered a higher vibration frequency and larger acceleration (VPro5) was superior in stimulating osteoblast and fibroblast cell proliferation/gene expression, although the duration of each treatment bout was 75% shorter than for the AcceleDent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Judex
- Integrative Skeletal Adaptation and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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31
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Zhu C, Qiu J, Pongkitwitoon S, Thomopoulos S, Xia Y. Inverse Opal Scaffolds with Gradations in Mineral Content for Spatial Control of Osteogenesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706706. [PMID: 29847696 PMCID: PMC6269221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of inverse opal scaffolds with gradations in mineral content to achieve spatial control of osteogenesis are described. The gradient in mineral content is established via the diffusion-limited transport of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in a closely packed lattice of gelatin microbeads. The mineral-graded scaffold has an array of uniform pores and interconnected windows to facilitate efficient transport of nutrients and metabolic wastes, ensuring high cell viability. The graded distribution of mineral content can provide biochemical and mechanical cues for spatially regulating the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells. This new class of scaffolds holds promise for engineering the interfaces between mineralized and unmineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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32
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Zhu C, Pongkitwitoon S, Qiu J, Thomopoulos S, Xia Y. Design and Fabrication of a Hierarchically Structured Scaffold for Tendon-to-Bone Repair. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707306. [PMID: 29534316 PMCID: PMC6130203 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchically structured scaffold is designed and fabricated for facilitating tendon-to-bone repair. The scaffold is composed of three regions with distinct functions: (i) an array of channels to guide the in-growth of cells and aligned deposition of collagen fibers, as well as integration of the scaffold with the tendon side, (ii) a region with a gradient in mineral composition to facilitate stress transfer between tendon and bone, and (iii) a mineralized inverse opal region to promote the integration of the scaffold with the underlying bone. Cell culture experiments confirm that adipose-derived stromal cells are able to infiltrate and proliferate through the entire thickness of the scaffold without compromised cell viability. The seeded stem cells exhibit directed differentiation into tenocytes and osteoblasts along the mineral gradient as a response to the gradient in Young's modulus. This novel scaffold holds great promise to promote the formation of a functional tendon-to-bone attachment by offering a structurally and compositionally appropriate microenvironment for healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Jichuan Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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33
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Tian F, Wang Y, Bikle DD. IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific skeletal mechano-transduction. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:576-583. [PMID: 28980721 PMCID: PMC5839951 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading preserves bone mass and stimulates bone formation, whereas skeletal unloading leads to bone loss. In addition to osteocytes, which are considered the primary sensor of mechanical load, osteoblasts, and bone specific mesenchymal stem cells also are involved. The skeletal response to mechanical signals is a complex process regulated by multiple signaling pathways including that of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Conditional osteocyte deletion of IGF-1 ablates the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. Similarly, osteocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression is necessary for reloading-induced periosteal bone formation. Transgenic overexpression of IGF-1 in osteoblasts results in enhanced responsiveness to in vivo mechanical loading in mice, a response which is eliminated by osteoblastic conditional disruption of IGF-1 in vivo. Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) from unloaded bone fail to respond to IGF-1 in vitro. IGF-1R is required for the transduction of a mechanical stimulus to downstream effectors, transduction which is lost when the IGF-1R is deleted. Although the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, the IGF signaling pathway and its interactions with potentially interlinked signaling cascades involving integrins, the estrogen receptor, and wnt/β-catenin play an important role in regulating adaptive response of cancer bone cells to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we discuss recent advances investigating how IGF-1 and other interlinked molecules and signaling pathways regulate skeletal mechano-transduction involving different bone cells, providing an overview of the IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific response to mechanical stimuli. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:576-583, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Tian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Corresponding author: 1700 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, , Tel: 415-575-0557, FAX: 415-575-0593
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