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Noor T, Waqas M, Shaban M, Hameed S, Ateeq-ur-Rehman, Ahmed SB, Alrafai HA, Al-Saeedi SI, Ibrahim MAA, Hadia NMA, Khera RA, Hassan AA. Designing Thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Core-Based, A 2-D-A 1-D-A 2-Type Acceptor Molecules for Promising Photovoltaic Parameters in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6403-6422. [PMID: 38375499 PMCID: PMC10876087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells can be utilized as favorable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices due to their enhanced life span and efficiency. In this research, seven new molecules were designed to improve the working efficiency of organic solar cells by utilizing a terminal acceptor modification approach. The perceived A2-D-A1-D-A2 configuration-based molecules possess a lower band gap ranging from 1.95 to 2.21 eV compared to the pre-existing reference molecule (RW), which has a band gap of 2.23 eV. The modified molecules also exhibit higher λmax values ranging from 672 to 768 nm in the gaseous and 715-839 nm in solvent phases, respectively, as compared to the (RW) molecule, which has λmax values at 673 and 719 nm in gas and chloroform medium, respectively. The ground state geometries, molecular planarity parameter, and span of deviation from the plane were analyzed to study the planarity of all of the molecules. The natural transition orbitals, the density of state, molecular electrostatic potential, noncovalent interactions, frontier molecular orbitals, and transition density matrix analysis of all studied molecules were executed to validate the optoelectronic properties of these molecules. Improved charge mobilities and dipole moments were observed, as newly designed molecules possessed lower internal reorganization energies. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of W4, W5, W6, and W7 among newly designed molecules was improved as compared to the reference molecule. These results elaborate on the superiority of these novel-designed molecules over the pre-existing (RW) molecule as potential blocks for better organic solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Noor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics
and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Shanza Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ateeq-ur-Rehman
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samia Ben Ahmed
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. A. Alrafai
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department
of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abeer A. Hassan
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of chemistry, Faculty of science for Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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2
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Jung S, Choi S, Shin W, Oh H, Oh J, Ryu MY, Kim W, Park S, Lee H. Enhancement in Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells by Reduced Non-Radiative Recombination Using a Brij C10-Mixed PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:772. [PMID: 36772072 PMCID: PMC9921526 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interface properties between charge transport and perovskite light-absorbing layers have a significant impact on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a polyelectrolyte composite that is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) to facilitate hole transport from a perovskite layer to an anode. However, PEDOT:PSS must be modified using a functional additive because PSCs with a pristine PEDOT:PSS HTL do not exhibit a high PCE. Herein, we demonstrate an increase in the PCE of PSCs with a polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (Brij C10)-mixed PEDOT:PSS HTL. Photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the Brij C10 content becomes significantly high in the HTL surface composition with an increase in the Brij C10 concentration (0-5 wt%). The enhanced PSC performance, e.g., a PCE increase from 8.05 to 11.40%, is attributed to the reduction in non-radiative recombination at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite by the insulating Brij C10. These results indicate that the suppression of interface recombination is essential for attaining a high PCE for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Jung
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsun Choi
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Shin
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Oh
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Yi Ryu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhang J, Guan J, Zhang Y, Qin S, Zhu Q, Kong X, Ma Q, Li X, Meng L, Yi Y, Zheng J, Li Y. Direct Observation of Increased Free Carrier Generation Owing to Reduced Exciton Binding Energies in Polymerized Small-Molecule Acceptors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8816-8824. [PMID: 36107413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Energy loss caused by exciton binding energy (Eb) has become a key factor that restricts further advancement of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we used transient mid-IR spectroscopy to study direct photogeneration of free charge carriers in small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) Y6 and IDIC as well as polymerized SMAs (PSMAs) PYFT and PZ1. We found that free carrier concentration is higher in PSMAs than in their corresponding SMAs, indicating reduced exciton Eb, which is then confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy, and film absorption spectra measurements. The measured Eb values of PYFT and PZ1 are 0.24 and 0.37 eV, respectively, smaller than those of Y6 (0.32 eV) and IDIC (0.47 eV). This work not only provides a method to directly monitor the photogenerated free carriers in OSC materials but also demonstrates that polymerization is an effective strategy to reduce the Eb, which is crucial to decrease the energy losses in high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shucheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingye Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolei Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Nowsherwan GA, Samad A, Iqbal MA, Mushtaq T, Hussain A, Malik M, Haider S, Pham PV, Choi JR. Performance Analysis and Optimization of a PBDB-T:ITIC Based Organic Solar Cell Using Graphene Oxide as the Hole Transport Layer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101767. [PMID: 35630988 PMCID: PMC9147690 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hole transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs) plays an imperative role in boosting the cell’s performance. PEDOT: PSS is a conventional HTL used in OSCs owing to its high design cost and instability issues. It can be replaced with graphene oxide to increase the cell performance by overcoming instability issues. Graphene oxide (GO) has gained popularity in recent years for its practical use in solar energy due to its remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. This work uses SCAPS-1D to examine the results of graphene oxide (GO)-based organic solar cells by giving a comparison between the performance of absorber layers and a GO-based HTL to see which absorber material interacts more strongly with GO. The absorber layer PBDB-T:ITIC paired with GO as HTL outperforms the other absorber layers due to its better optical and electrical characteristics. Numerical simulations are performed within the SCAPS software at various absorber layer thicknesses, defect densities, and doping values to assess the influence on device performance and efficiency. After cell optimization, the best efficiency of an improved OSC is found to be 17.36%, and the outcomes of the simulated OSC are referenced to the results of the experimentally implemented OSC. These results provide a possible future direction for developing GO-based OSCs with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Abdul Samad
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Correspondence: (M.A.I.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Tauqeer Mushtaq
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Ameer Hussain
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Malik
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Sabah Haider
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Phuong V. Pham
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.I.); (J.R.C.)
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5
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Alahmadi ANM. Design of an Efficient PTB7:PC70BM-Based Polymer Solar Cell for 8% Efficiency. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050889. [PMID: 35267712 PMCID: PMC8912790 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors may have the potential to fully replace silicon in next-generation solar cells because of their advantages such as cheap cost, lightweight, flexibility, and the ability to be processed for very large area applications. Despite these advantages, polymer solar cells are still facing a certain lack of power-conversion efficiency (PCE), which is essentially required for commercialization. Recently, bulk heterojunction of PTB7:PC70BM as an active layer showed remarkable performance for polymer solar cells in terms of PCE. Thus, in this paper, we developed and optimized a novel design using PEDOT:PSS and PFN-Br as electron and hole transport layers (ETL and HTL) for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PT7B:PC70BM/PFN-Br/Ag as a polymer solar cell, with the help of simulation. The optimized solar cell has a short-circuit current (Isc) of 16.434 mA.cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.731 volts, and a fill-factor of 68.055%, resulting in a maximum PCE of slightly above 8%. The findings of this work may contribute to the advancement of efficient bulk-heterojunction-based polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N M Alahmadi
- Device Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Yun DJ, Lee S, Kim SH, Jung C, Kim YS, Chung JG, Heo S, Kwon YN, Lee E, Kim JS, Ko DS, Kim SY. Bevel Structure Based XPS Analysis as a Non-Destructive Chemical Probe for Complex Interfacial Structures of Organic Semiconductors. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001264. [PMID: 34928087 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bevel structure of organic multilayers produced by finely controlled Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering preserves both the molecular distribution and chemical states. Nevertheless, there is still an important question of whether this method can be applicable to organic multilayer structures composed of complex or ambiguous interfaces used in real organic optoelectronic devices. Herein, various bevel structures are fabricated from different types of organic semiconductors using a solution-based deposition technique: complicatedly intermixed electron-donor and electron-acceptor bulk heterojunction structure, thin film structure with an internal donor-acceptor concentration gradient, and multi-layered structure with more than three layers. For these organic material combinations listed above, the bevel structure is fabricated with finely tuned Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering. The location-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results obtained for each bevel structure exactly correspond to the XPS depth profiles. This result demonstrates that the bevel structure analysis is a powerful method to distinguish subtle differences in chemical component distributions and chemical states of organic semiconductors even with complex or ambiguous interfaces. Ultimately, due to its reliability as verified by this study, the proposed bevel structure analysis is expected to greatly expand other analytical techniques with a limited spatial or depth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Yun
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Lee
- Electronic Convergence Materials Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju, 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Jung
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Su Kim
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwan Chung
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Heo
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kwon
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Lee
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Dong-Su Ko
- Autonomous Material Development Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Kim
- Inorganic Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
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7
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Gonciarz A, Pich R, Bogdanowicz KA, Jewloszewicz B, Przybył W, Dysz K, Dylong A, Kwak A, Kaim A, Iwan A, Rusin J, Januszko A. UV-Vis Absorption Properties of New Aromatic Imines and Their Compositions with Poly({4,8-bis[(2-Ethylhexyl)oxy]Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']Dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-Fluoro-2-[(2-Ethylhexyl)Carbonyl]Thieno[3,4-b]Thiophenediyl}). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4191. [PMID: 31847154 PMCID: PMC6947379 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, four new aromatic imines containing at least one thiazole-based heterocycle were analyzed in detail by UV-Vis spectroscopy, taking into consideration their chemical structures and interactions with PTB7, a known polymeric electron donor widely used in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. It is demonstrated that the absorption spectra of the investigated active compositions can be modified not only by changing the chemical structure of imine, but also via formulations with PTB7. For all investigated imines and PTB7:imine compositions, calibration curves were obtained in order to find the optimum concentration in the composition with PTB7 for expansion and optimization of absorption spectra. All imines and PTB7:imine compositions were investigated in 1,2-dichlorobenzene by UV-Vis spectroscopy in various concentrations, monitoring the changes in the π-π* and n-π* transitions. With increasing imine concentrations, we did not observe changes in absorption maxima, while with increasing imine concentrations, a hypochromic effect was observed. Finally, we could conclude that all investigated compositions exhibited wide absorptions of up to 800 nm and isosbestic points in the range of 440-540 nm, confirming changes in the macromolecular organization of the tested compounds. The theoretical calculations of their vibration spectra (FTIR) and LUMO-HOMO levels by Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods are also provided. Finally, IR thermal images were measured for organic devices based on imines and the imine:PTB7 composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gonciarz
- General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw; MULF Wroclaw, Faculty of Security and Safety Research, Czajkowskiego 109 Str., 51–147 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (R.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Robert Pich
- General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw; MULF Wroclaw, Faculty of Security and Safety Research, Czajkowskiego 109 Str., 51–147 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (R.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Beata Jewloszewicz
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Wojciech Przybył
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Karolina Dysz
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Dylong
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Kwak
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Andrzej Kaim
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02–093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Jaroslaw Rusin
- General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw; MULF Wroclaw, Faculty of Security and Safety Research, Czajkowskiego 109 Str., 51–147 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (R.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Adam Januszko
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
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8
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Shin D, Kang D, Lee JB, Ahn JH, Cho IW, Ryu MY, Cho SW, Jung NE, Lee H, Yi Y. Electronic Structure of Nonionic Surfactant-Modified PEDOT:PSS and Its Application in Perovskite Solar Cells with Reduced Interface Recombination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17028-17034. [PMID: 30990013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial properties of organolead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) affect the exciton and charge-transport dynamics significantly. Thus, proper modification of the interfaces between perovskite and charge-transport layers is an efficient method to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. In this work, we explore the effect of a nonionic surfactant, that is, Triton X-100 (TX) additive, in the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transport layer. The electronic structure of TX-modified PEDOT:PSS is investigated with ultraviolet/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy with various TX concentrations. The surface of the TX-modified PEDOT:PSS layer showed high TX content, and thus the semimetallic properties of PEDOT:PSS were suppressed conspicuously by its insulating nature. With the TX-modified PEDOT:PSS, the PCE of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) PSCs increased significantly. To elucidate the origin of the improved device performance, the electrical properties and photoluminescence were investigated comprehensively. Consequently, it was found that the TX additive inhibits interface recombination between PEDOT:PSS and MAPbI3, which is caused by the suppression of semimetallic properties of the PEDOT:PSS surface. Hence, we fabricated flexible PSCs successfully using a graphene electrode and TX-modified PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Il-Wook Cho
- Department of Physics , Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do 24341 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Yi Ryu
- Department of Physics , Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do 24341 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wan Cho
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , 1 Yonseidae-gil , Wonju-si , Gangwon-do 26493 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics , Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do 24341 , Republic of Korea
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9
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Jang W, Wang DH. Long-Term Stable Transferred Organic Photoactive Layer-Based Photodiode with Controlled Wetting through Interface Stabilization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38603-38609. [PMID: 30360076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The stamping transfer process, which provides a precise patterning of the target material without the limitation of an underlying layer, has attracted significant attention for large-scale roll-to-roll fabrication. Despite the need to minimize the peeling energy, expressed as the sum of adhesion energies, for a simple transfer process, many studies have not considered this effect. In this study, we introduced a wetting coefficient related with adhesions between polymers for the transfer design of organic photosensitive materials. We observed a difference in adhesion between polymer blends depending on the surface energy of the mold. We designed high-surface-energy polyurethane acrylate to enable a residue-free transfer process. The transfer process significantly contributed to the device stability through changes in dark currents, photocurrents, responsivity, and detectivity over time, compared to spin coating. In particular, the detectivity was maintained over 95% after 360 h, and no burn-in loss of internal resistance was observed in the device with a transferred active layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a large interfacial change between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and poly(4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl- alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4- b]thiophene-4,6-diyl):[6,6] phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester obtained through spin coating occurred owing to solution penetration, whereas the transfer process provided a constant interface owing to morphology stabilization. Therefore, the transfer process with optimized adhesion properties can improve the device operation durability without burn-in loss, enabling a cost-effective fabrication of organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongsik Jang
- School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , 221 Heukseok-dong , Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Wang
- School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , 221 Heukseok-dong , Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
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Luo H, Lai J, Wang C, Chen Q. Understanding the effects of the energy band alignment at the donor/acceptor interface on the open circuit voltage of organic photovoltaic devices. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Hermerschmidt F, Savva A, Georgiou E, Tuladhar SM, Durrant JR, McCulloch I, Bradley DDC, Brabec CJ, Nelson J, Choulis SA. Influence of the Hole Transporting Layer on the Thermal Stability of Inverted Organic Photovoltaics Using Accelerated-Heat Lifetime Protocols. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14136-14144. [PMID: 28357861 PMCID: PMC5478180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) usually use thermally evaporated MoO3 as a hole transporting layer (HTL). Despite the high PCE values reported, stability investigations are still limited and the exact degradation mechanisms of inverted OPVs using thermally evaporated MoO3 HTL remain unclear under different environmental stress factors. In this study, we monitor the accelerated lifetime performance under the ISOS-D-2 protocol (heat conditions 65 °C) of nonencapsulated inverted OPVs based on the thiophene-based active layer materials poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7), and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPTTT) blended with [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC[70]BM). The presented investigation of degradation mechanisms focus on optimized P3HT:PC[70]BM-based inverted OPVs. Specifically, we present a systematic study on the thermal stability of inverted P3HT:PC[70]BM OPVs using solution-processed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and evaporated MoO3 HTL. Using a series of measurements and reverse engineering methods, we report that the P3HT:PC[70]BM/MoO3 interface is the main origin of failure of the P3HT:PC[70]BM-based inverted OPVs under intense heat conditions, a trend that is also observed for the other two thiophene-based polymers used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hermerschmidt
- Molecular Electronics
and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus
University of Technology, 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Molecular Electronics
and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus
University of Technology, 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Efthymios Georgiou
- Molecular Electronics
and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus
University of Technology, 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Sachetan M. Tuladhar
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Donal D. C. Bradley
- Departments of Engineering Science and Physics, Division
of Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PD, U.K.
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute
for Materials in Electronics and Energy Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Stelios A. Choulis
- Molecular Electronics
and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus
University of Technology, 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
- E-mail:
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Lee H, Ahn SW, Ryu SH, Ryu BK, Lee MH, Cho SW, Smith KE, Jones TS. Interfacial electronic structure of Cl6SubPc non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics using soft X-ray spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31628-31633. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The significantly high energy gap between a SubPc donor and a Cl6SubPc acceptor is the origin of highVOCin OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Ahn
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Wonju-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sim Hee Ryu
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Wonju-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Ryu
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Wonju-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Hee Lee
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Wonju-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wan Cho
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Wonju-si
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tim S. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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