1
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Ebrahimi V, Hashemi A. Optimizing recombinant production of L-asparaginase 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using response surface methodology. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:1205-1219. [PMID: 38581537 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an essential enzyme used in cancer treatment, but its production faces challenges like low yield, high cost, and immunogenicity. Recombinant production is a promising method to overcome these limitations. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the production of L-asparaginase 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Escherichia coli K-12 BW25113. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized for the RSM modeling, and a total of 29 experiments were conducted. These experiments aimed to examine the impact of different factors, including the concentration of isopropyl-b-LD-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), the cell density prior to induction, the duration of induction, and the temperature, on the expression level of L-asparaginase 1. The results revealed that while the post-induction temperature, cell density at induction time, and post-induction time all had a significant influence on the response, the post-induction time exhibited the greatest effect. The optimized conditions (induction at cell density 0.8 with 0.7 mM IPTG for 4 h at 30 °C) resulted in a significant amount of L-asparaginase with a titer of 93.52 μg/mL, which was consistent with the model-based prediction. The study concluded that RSM optimization effectively increased the production of L-asparaginase 1 in E. coli, which could have the potential for large-scale fermentation. Further research can explore using other host cells, optimizing the fermentation process, and examining the effect of other variables to increase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 2660, Valiasr-Niayesh Junction, Vali-e-Asr Ave, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
| | - Atieh Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 2660, Valiasr-Niayesh Junction, Vali-e-Asr Ave, Tehran 1991953381, Iran.
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2
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Aktar BY, Aysan A, Turunen O, Yağci T, Solğun HA, Binay B. L-Asparaginase from Lachancea Thermotolerans: Effect of Lys99Ala on Enzyme Performance and in vitro Antileukemic Efficacy. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e202400507. [PMID: 39552048 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
L-asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1) are amidohydrolase enzymes that predominantly catalyze conversion of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. In addition, some exhibit secondary L-glutaminase activity. Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi L-asparaginases are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce therapeutically important compounds. In the therapeutic use of enzymes, bacterial L-asparaginases can trigger immune responses, leading to a high rate of adverse effects that diminish the effectiveness of the treatment. This situation has forced scientists to search for promising L-asparaginases from new sources. Yeast L-asparaginases could be useful in reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy but they have been poorly studied to date. Here, we characterized the yeast Lachancea thermotolerans L-asparaginase (LtASNase) purified by affinity chromatography. It has a specific activity of 313.8 U/mg and a high kcat value (312.4 s). We demonstrated through a semi-rational design that the mutations of Lys99 show varying effects on catalytic activity, with the Lys99Ala mutant increasing specific activity 3.3-fold. Furthermore, the in vitro antileukemic activity of the non-formulated form of Lys99Ala LtASNase was evaluated against SUP-B15 and REH cell lines. The results demonstrated that LtASNase exhibits significant antileukemic potential, comparable to commercial type II bacterial enzymes. The understanding of the mutant L-asparaginases examined in this study will significantly contribute to the development of new and more effective yeast-derived asparaginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Yilmazer Aktar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Arzu Aysan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Ossi Turunen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tamer Yağci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Avni Solğun
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Health Science University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Barış Binay
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
- BAUZYME Biotechnology Co., Gebze Technical University Technopark Region, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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3
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Contento G, Wilson JAA, Selvarajah B, Platé M, Guillotin D, Morales V, Trevisani M, Pitozzi V, Bianchi K, Chambers RC. Pyruvate metabolism dictates fibroblast sensitivity to GLS1 inhibition during fibrogenesis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e178453. [PMID: 39315548 PMCID: PMC11457851 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix production, which leads to disruption of organ function. Fibroblasts are key effector cells of this process, responding chiefly to the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which promotes fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. We found that extracellular nutrient availability profoundly influenced the TGF-β1 transcriptome of primary human lung fibroblasts and that biosynthesis of amino acids emerged as a top enriched TGF-β1 transcriptional module. We subsequently uncovered a key role for pyruvate in influencing glutaminase (GLS1) inhibition during TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis. In pyruvate-replete conditions, GLS1 inhibition was ineffective in blocking TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, as pyruvate can be used as the substrate for glutamate and alanine production via glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 2 (GPT2), respectively. We further show that dual targeting of either GPT2 or GDH in combination with GLS1 inhibition was required to fully block TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis. These findings embolden a therapeutic strategy aimed at additional targeting of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in the presence of a glutaminolysis inhibitor to interfere with the pathological deposition of collagen in the setting of pulmonary fibrosis and potentially other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Contento
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-Anne A.M. Wilson
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brintha Selvarajah
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Platé
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Guillotin
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valle Morales
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vanessa Pitozzi
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C. Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Ruiz-Lara G, Costa-Silva TA, Muso-Cachumba JJ, Cevallos Espinel J, Fontes MG, Garcia-Maya M, Rahman KM, Rangel-Yagui CDO, Monteiro G. Nonclinical Evaluation of Single-Mutant E. coli Asparaginases Obtained by Double-Mutant Deconvolution: Improving Toxicological, Immune and Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6008. [PMID: 38892196 PMCID: PMC11172649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is currently treated with bacterial L-asparaginase; however, its side effects raise the need for the development of improved and efficient novel enzymes. Previously, we obtained low anti-asparaginase antibody production and high serum enzyme half-life in mice treated with the P40S/S206C mutant; however, its specific activity was significantly reduced. Thus, our aim was to test single mutants, S206C and P40S, through in vitro and in vivo assays. Our results showed that the drop in specific activity was caused by P40S substitution. In addition, our single mutants were highly stable in biological environment simulation, unlike the double-mutant P40S/S206C. The in vitro cell viability assay demonstrated that mutant enzymes have a higher cytotoxic effect than WT on T-cell-derived ALL and on some solid cancer cell lines. The in vivo assays were performed in mice to identify toxicological effects, to evoke immunological responses and to study the enzymes' pharmacokinetics. From these tests, none of the enzymes was toxic; however, S206C elicited lower physiological changes and immune/allergenic responses. In relation to the pharmacokinetic profile, S206C exhibited twofold higher activity than WT and P40S two hours after injection. In conclusion, we present bioengineered E. coli asparaginases with high specific enzyme activity and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ruiz-Lara
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.R.-L.); (J.J.M.-C.); (M.G.F.); (C.d.O.R.-Y.)
| | - Tales A. Costa-Silva
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Javier Muso-Cachumba
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.R.-L.); (J.J.M.-C.); (M.G.F.); (C.d.O.R.-Y.)
| | | | - Marina Gabriel Fontes
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.R.-L.); (J.J.M.-C.); (M.G.F.); (C.d.O.R.-Y.)
| | - Mitla Garcia-Maya
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | | | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.R.-L.); (J.J.M.-C.); (M.G.F.); (C.d.O.R.-Y.)
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (G.R.-L.); (J.J.M.-C.); (M.G.F.); (C.d.O.R.-Y.)
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5
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Mihooliya KN, Nandal J, Kalidas N, Ashish, Chand S, Verma DK, Bhattacharyya MS, Sahoo DK. Assessment of structural behaviour of a new L-asparaginase and SAXS data-based evidence for catalytic activity in its monomeric form. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126803. [PMID: 37689286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the structural and functional characterization of a new glutaminase-free recombinant L-asparaginase (PrASNase) from Pseudomonas resinovorans IGS-131. PrASNase showed substrate specificity to L-asparagine, and its kinetic parameters, Km, Vmax, and kcat were 9.49 × 10-3 M, 25.13 IUmL-1 min-1, and 3.01 × 103 s-1, respectively. The CD spectra showed that PrASNase consisted of 18.5 % helix, 21.5 % antiparallel sheets, 4.2 % parallel sheets, 14 % turns, and rest other structures. FTIR was used for the functional characterization, and molecular docking predicted that the substrate interacts with serine, alanine, and glutamine in the binding pocket of PrASNase. Differing from known asparaginases, structural characterization by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) unambiguously revealed PrASNase to exist as a monomer in solution at low temperatures and oligomerized to a higher state with temperature rise. Through SAXS studies and enzyme assay, PrASNase was found to be mostly monomer and catalytically active at 37 °C. Furthermore, this glutaminase-free PrASNase showed killing effects against WIL2-S and TF-1.28 cells with IC50 of 7.4 μg.mL-1 and 5.6 μg.mL-1, respectively. This is probably the first report with significant findings of fully active L-asparaginase in monomeric form using SAXS and AUC and demonstrated the potential of PrASNase in inhibiting cancerous cells, making it a potential therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanti N Mihooliya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitender Nandal
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Kalidas
- GNR Advanced Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ashish
- GNR Advanced Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Subhash Chand
- National Institute of Biologicals, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipesh K Verma
- Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mani S Bhattacharyya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debendra K Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
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6
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Yamada T, Ishimaru M, Shoji T, Tomiyasu H, Tochinai R, Taguchi K, Komatsu T. Polyoxazoline-Conjugated l-Asparaginase: An Antibody-Production-Free Therapeutic Agent for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5789-5797. [PMID: 38047730 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
l-asparaginase (ASNase), an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-asparagine into l-aspartic acid, is frequently used as a medication for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, when derived from bacterial sources, this enzyme can elicit side effects, including allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, owing to immune responses. Here, we describe the synthesis of polyoxazoline-conjugated ASNase (POx-ASNase) and investigate its enzyme activity, anticancer efficacy, immunogenicity, and retention in the bloodstream. The water-soluble POx was coupled with surface lysine residues of ASNase using a bifunctional cross-linker. The average number of polymers bound to each enzyme was determined as 10. Although the enzymatic activity of POx-ASNase decreased to 56% of that of native ASNase, its temperature and pH dependencies remained unaltered. Remarkably, the lyophilized powder form of POx-ASNase retained its catalytic ability for 24 months. POx-ASNase demonstrated nearly identical anticancer efficacy compared to naked ASNase against leukemia and lymphoma cells (MOLT-4, CLBL-1, and K562) while displaying no cytotoxicity toward normal cells. Animal experiments conducted using rats revealed that the POx decoration suppressed the generation of anti-ASNase IgM and IgG antibodies with no detection of anti-POx antibodies. The half-life within the bloodstream extended to 34 h, representing a 17-fold increase compared to unmodified ASNase. These findings suggest that POx-ASNase serves as an anticancer therapeutic agent, characterized by the absence of antibody production and notably extended circulation persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marika Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Shoji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Tochinai
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Miranda J, Lefin N, Beltran JF, Belén LH, Tsipa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Enzyme Engineering Strategies for the Bioenhancement of L-Asparaginase Used as a Biopharmaceutical. BioDrugs 2023; 37:793-811. [PMID: 37698749 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the industrial production of recombinant enzymes from microorganisms due to their catalytic characteristics being highly efficient, selective, and biocompatible. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme belonging to the class of amidohydrolases that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has been widely investigated as a biologic agent for its antineoplastic properties in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The demand for L-ASNase is mainly met by the production of recombinant type II L-ASNase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, the presence of immunogenic proteins in L-ASNase sourced from prokaryotes has been known to result in adverse reactions in patients undergoing treatment. As a result, efforts are being made to explore strategies that can help mitigate the immunogenicity of the drug. This review gives an overview of recent biotechnological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering techniques and technologies used to improve anti-leukemic L-ASNase, taking into account the pharmacological importance of L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Miranda
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Nicolás Lefin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltran
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Argyro Tsipa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jorge G Farias
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile.
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8
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Arredondo-Nuñez A, Monteiro G, Flores-Fernández CN, Antenucci L, Permi P, Zavaleta AI. Characterization of a Type II L-Asparaginase from the Halotolerant Bacillus subtilis CH11. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2145. [PMID: 38004285 PMCID: PMC10672034 DOI: 10.3390/life13112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases from bacterial sources have been used in antineoplastic treatments and the food industry. A type II L-asparaginase encoded by the N-truncated gene ansZP21 of halotolerant Bacillus subtilis CH11 isolated from Chilca salterns in Peru was expressed using a heterologous system in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)pLysS. The recombinant protein was purified using one-step nickel affinity chromatography and exhibited an activity of 234.38 U mg-1 and a maximum catalytic activity at pH 9.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme showed a homotetrameric form with an estimated molecular weight of 155 kDa through gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme half-life at 60 °C was 3 h 48 min, and L-asparaginase retained 50% of its initial activity for 24 h at 37 °C. The activity was considerably enhanced by KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, mercaptoethanol, and DL-dithiothreitol (p-value < 0.01). Moreover, the Vmax and Km were 145.2 µmol mL-1 min-1 and 4.75 mM, respectively. These findings evidence a promising novel type II L-asparaginase for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annsy Arredondo-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Carol N. Flores-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; (L.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; (L.A.); (P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amparo Iris Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
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9
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Shishparenok AN, Gladilina YA, Zhdanov DD. Engineering and Expression Strategies for Optimization of L-Asparaginase Development and Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15220. [PMID: 37894901 PMCID: PMC10607044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering for heterologous expression has advanced in recent years. Model systems such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pichia pastoris are often used as host microorganisms for the enzymatic production of L-asparaginase, an enzyme widely used in the clinic for the treatment of leukemia and in bakeries for the reduction of acrylamide. Newly developed recombinant L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) may have a low affinity for asparagine, reduced catalytic activity, low stability, and increased glutaminase activity or immunogenicity. Some successful commercial preparations of L-ASNase are now available. Therefore, obtaining novel L-ASNases with improved properties suitable for food or clinical applications remains a challenge. The combination of rational design and/or directed evolution and heterologous expression has been used to create enzymes with desired characteristics. Computer design, combined with other methods, could make it possible to generate mutant libraries of novel L-ASNases without costly and time-consuming efforts. In this review, we summarize the strategies and approaches for obtaining and developing L-ASNase with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya N. Shishparenok
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
| | - Yulia A. Gladilina
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Shahana Kabeer S, Francis B, Vishnupriya S, Kattatheyil H, Joseph KJ, Krishnan KP, Mohamed Hatha AA. Characterization of L-asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 with acrylamide-minimizing potential in potato chips. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1645-1654. [PMID: 37036659 PMCID: PMC10485229 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial L-asparaginase is well known for its application in food industries to reduce acrylamide content in fried starchy food. L-asparaginase produced by Arctic actinomycetes Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 was purified and studied for biochemical characterization. The L-asparaginase was purified with a yield of 15.49% and final specific activity of 179.77 IU/mg of protein. The enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 43 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum activity of the purified enzyme were 8.5 °C and 40 °C, respectively. The enzyme expressed maximum activity at an incubation period of 30 min and a substrate concentration of 0.06 M. The enzyme has a low Km value of 0.041 M and excellent substrate specificity toward L-asparagine. The enzyme activity was inhibited by metal ions Ba2+ and Hg2+, while Mn2+ and Mg2+ enhanced the activity. The study evaluated the acrylamide reduction potential of L-asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 in potato chips. The blanching plus L-asparaginase treatment of potato slices resulted in a 50% reduction in acrylamide content. The study illustrated an effective acrylamide reduction strategy in potato chips using L-asparaginase from a psychrophilic actinomycete. Besides the acrylamide reduction potential, L-asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 also did not exhibit any glutaminase or urease activity which is an outstanding feature of L-asparaginase to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahana Kabeer
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Bini Francis
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - S Vishnupriya
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Hafsa Kattatheyil
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K J Joseph
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K P Krishnan
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco da Gama, Goa, India
- CUSAT-NCPOR Centre for Polar Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A A Mohamed Hatha
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- CUSAT-NCPOR Centre for Polar Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
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11
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Parashiva J, Nuthan BR, Rakshith D, Satish S. Endophytic Fungi as a Promising Source of Anticancer L-Asparaginase: A Review. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37450223 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is a tetrameric enzyme from the amidohydrolases family, that catalyzes the breakdown of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. Since its discovery as an anticancer drug, it is used as one of the prime chemotherapeutic agents to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Apart from its use in the biopharmaceutical industry, it is also used to reduce the formation of a carcinogenic substance called acrylamide in fried, baked, and roasted foods. L-asparaginase is derived from many organisms including plants, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Currently, L-asparaginase preparations from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi are used in the clinical treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, they are associated with low yield and immunogenicity problems. At this juncture, endophytic fungi from medicinal plants have gained much attention as they have several advantages over the available bacterial preparations. Many medicinal plants have been screened for L-asparaginase producing endophytic fungi and several studies have reported potent L-asparaginase producing strains. This review provides insights into fungal endophytes from medicinal plants and their significance as probable alternatives for bacterial L-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaraiah Parashiva
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | | | - Devaraju Rakshith
- Department of Microbiology, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 005, India
| | - Sreedharamurthy Satish
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
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12
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Lefin N, Miranda J, Beltrán JF, Belén LH, Effer B, Pessoa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Current state of molecular and metabolic strategies for the improvement of L-asparaginase expression in heterologous systems. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208277. [PMID: 37426818 PMCID: PMC10323146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterologous expression of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) has become an important area of research due to its clinical and food industry applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and metabolic strategies that can be used to optimize the expression of L-ASNase in heterologous systems. This article describes various approaches that have been employed to increase enzyme production, including the use of molecular tools, strain engineering, and in silico optimization. The review article highlights the critical role that rational design plays in achieving successful heterologous expression and underscores the challenges of large-scale production of L-ASNase, such as inadequate protein folding and the metabolic burden on host cells. Improved gene expression is shown to be achievable through the optimization of codon usage, synthetic promoters, transcription and translation regulation, and host strain improvement, among others. Additionally, this review provides a deep understanding of the enzymatic properties of L-ASNase and how this knowledge has been employed to enhance its properties and production. Finally, future trends in L-ASNase production, including the integration of CRISPR and machine learning tools are discussed. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers looking to design effective heterologous expression systems for L-ASNase production as well as for enzymes production in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lefin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javiera Miranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge F. Beltrán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge G. Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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13
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Ratuchne A, Izidoro SC, Beitel SM, Lacerda LT, Knob A. A new extracellular glutaminase and urease-free L-asparaginase from Meyerozyma guilliermondii. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:715-723. [PMID: 36917331 PMCID: PMC10235346 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug employed to treat leukemia and lymphoma. Currently, L-ASNases for therapeutic use are obtained from Escherichia coli and Dickeya chrysanthemi (Erwinia chrysanthemi). Despite their therapeutic potential, enzymes from bacteria are subject to inducing immune responses, resulting in a higher number of side effects. Eukaryote producers, such as fungi, may provide therapeutic alternatives through enzymes that induce relatively less toxicity and immune responses. Additional expected benefits from yeast-derived enzymes include higher activity and stability in physiological conditions. This work describes the new potential therapeutic candidate L-ASNase from the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii. A statistical approach (full factorial central composite design) was used to optimize L-ASNase production, considering L-asparagine and glucose concentration, pH of the medium, and cultivation time as independent factors. In addition, the crude enzymes were biochemically characterized, in terms of temperature and optimal pH, thermostability, pH stability, and associated glutaminase or urease activities. Our results showed that enzyme production increased after supplementing a pH 4.0 medium with 1.0% L-asparagine and 0.5% glucose during 75 h of cultivation. Under these optimized conditions, L-ASNase production reached 26.01 U mL-1, which is suitable for scale-up studies. The produced L-ASNase exhibits maximal activity at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and is highly stable under physiological conditions. In addition, M. guilliermondii L-ASNase has no associated glutaminase or urease activities, demonstrating its potential as a promising antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ratuchne
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristine Izidoro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Susan Michelz Beitel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Lorena Tigre Lacerda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral E Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 24A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, 13506-752, Brazil
| | - Adriana Knob
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil.
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14
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Geng X, Du X, Wang W, Zhang C, Liu X, Qu Y, Zhao M, Li W, Zhang M, Tu K, Li YQ. Confined Cascade Metabolic Reprogramming Nanoreactor for Targeted Alcohol Detoxification and Alcoholic Liver Injury Management. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7443-7455. [PMID: 37057958 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury (ALI) is the leading cause of serious liver disease, whereas current treatments are mostly supportive and unable to metabolize alcohol directly. Here we report a metabolic reprogramming strategy for targeted alcohol detoxification and ALI management based on a confined cascade nanoreactor. The nanoreactor (named AA@mMOF) is designed by assembling natural enzymes of alcohol oxidase (AOx) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the cavity of a mesoporous metal organic framework (mMOF) nanozyme with intrinsic catalase (CAT)-like activity. By conducting confined AOx/CAT/ALDH cascade reactions, AA@mMOF enables self-accelerated alcohol degradation (>0.5 mg·mL-1·h-1) with negligible aldehyde diffusion and accumulation, reprogramming alcohol metabolism and allowing high-efficiency detoxification. Administered to high-dose alcohol-intoxicated mice, AA@mMOF shows surprising liver targeting and accumulation performance and dramatically reduces blood alcohol concentration and rapidly reverses unconsciousness and acute liver injury to afford targeted alcoholism treatment. Moreover, AA@mMOF dramatically alleviates fat accumulation and oxidative stress in the liver of chronic alcoholism mice to block and reverse the progression of ALI. By conducting confined AOx/CAT/ALDH cascade reactions for high-efficiency alcohol metabolism reprogramming, AA@mMOF nanoreactor offers a powerful modality for targeted alcohol detoxification and ALI management. The proposed confined cascade metabolic reprogramming strategy provides a paradigm shift for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Geng
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuancheng Du
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chengmei Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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15
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Sánchez-Moguel I, Costa-Silva TA, Pillaca-Pullo OS, Flores-Santos JC, Freire RKB, Carretero G, da Luz Bueno J, Camacho-Córdova DI, Santos JH, Sette LD, Pessoa-Jr A. Antarctic yeasts as a source of L-asparaginase: characterization of a glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase from psychrotolerant yeast Leucosporidium scottii L115. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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16
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Gladilina YA, Shishparenok AN, Zhdanov DD. [Approaches for improving L-asparaginase expression in heterologous systems]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:19-38. [PMID: 36857424 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236901019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is one of the most demanded enzymes used in the pharmaceutical industry as a drug and in the food industry to prevent the formation of toxic acrylamide. Researchers aimed to improve specific activity and reduce side effects to create safer and more potent enzyme products. However, protein modifications and heterologous expression remain problematic in the production of asparaginases from different species. Heterologous expression in optimized producer strains is rationally organized; therefore, modified and heterologous protein expression is enhanced, which is the main strategy in the production of asparaginase. This strategy solves several problems: incorrect protein folding, metabolic load on the producer strain and codon misreading, which affects translation and final protein domains, leading to a decrease in catalytic activity. The main approaches developed to improve the heterologous expression of L-asparaginases are considered in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Comparative structural and kinetic study for development of a novel candidate L-asparaginase based pharmaceutical. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Biasoto HP, Hebeda CB, Farsky SHP, Pessoa A, Costa-Silva TA, Monteiro G. Extracellular expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae's L-asparaginase II in Pichia pastoris results in novel enzyme with better parameters. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:511-522. [PMID: 35981094 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is an efficient inhibitor of tumor development, used in chemotherapy sessions against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) tumor cells; its use results in 80% complete remission of the disease in treated patients. Saccharomyces cerevisiae's L-asparaginase II (ScASNaseII) has a high potential to substitute bacteria ASNase in patients that developed hypersensitivity, but the endogenous production of it results in hypermannosylated immunogenic enzyme. Here we describe the genetic process to acquire the ScASNaseII expressed in the extracellular medium. Our strategy involved a fusion of mature sequence of protein codified by ASP3 (amino acids 26-362) with the secretion signal sequence of Pichia pastoris acid phosphatase enzyme; in addition, this DNA construction was integrated in P. pastoris Glycoswitch® strain genome, which has the cellular machinery to express and secrete high quantity of enzymes with humanized glycosylation. Our data show that the DNA construction and strain employed can express extracellular asparaginase with specific activity of 218.2 IU mg-1. The resultant enzyme is 40% more stable than commercially available Escherichia coli's ASNase (EcASNaseII) when incubated with human serum. In addition, ScASNaseII presents 50% lower cross-reaction with anti-ASNase antibody produced against EcASNaseII when compared with ASNase from Dickeya chrysanthemi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique P Biasoto
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina B Hebeda
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tales A Costa-Silva
- Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Patel PG, Panseriya HZ, Vala AK, Dave BP, Gosai HB. Exploring current scenario and developments in the field of microbial L-asparaginase production and applications: A review. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Chakravarty N, Sharma M, Kumar P, Singh RP. Biochemical and molecular insights on the bioactivity and binding interactions of Bacillus australimaris NJB19 L-asparaginase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:1-11. [PMID: 35718140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase, an antileukemic enzyme, is indispensable to the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). However, the intrinsic glutaminase activity entails various side effects to the patients; thus, an improved version of the enzyme lacking glutaminase activity would be a requisite for effective treatment management of ALL. The present study highlights the biochemical and molecular characteristics of the recombinant glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Bacillus australimaris NJB19 (BaAsp). Investigation of the active site architecture of the protein unraveled the binding interactions of BaAsp with its substrate. Comparative analysis of the L-asparaginase sequences revealed few substitutions of key amino acids in the BaAsp that could construe its substrate selectivity and specificity. The purified heterologously expressed protein (42 kDa) displayed maximum L-asparaginase activity at 35-40 °C and pH 8.5-9, with no observed L-glutaminase activity. The kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, were determined as 45.6 μM and 0.16 μmoles min-1, respectively. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed a conserved zinc-binding site in the protein, which is generally implicated in inhibiting the L-asparaginase activity. However, BaAsp was not inhibited by zinc at 1 mM concentration. Therefore, the findings provide insights on the biochemical and molecular details of BaAsp, which could be valuable in formulating it for alternate antileukemic drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Chakravarty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - R P Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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21
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Freitas M, Souza P, Homem-de-Mello M, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Silveira D, Ferreira Filho EX, Pessoa Junior A, Sarker D, Timson D, Inácio J, Magalhães PO. L-Asparaginase from Penicillium sizovae Produced by a Recombinant Komagataella phaffii Strain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060746. [PMID: 35745665 PMCID: PMC9227789 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an important enzyme in the pharmaceutical field used as treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia due to its ability to hydrolyze L-asparagine, an essential amino acid synthesized by normal cells, but not by neoplastic cells. Adverse effects of L-asparaginase formulations are associated with its glutaminase activity and bacterial origin; therefore, it is important to find new sources of L-asparaginase produced by eukaryotic microorganisms with low glutaminase activity. This work aimed to identify the L-asparaginase gene sequence from Penicillium sizovae, a filamentous fungus isolated from the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado) soil with low glutaminase activity, and to biosynthesize higher yields of this enzyme in the yeast Komagataella phaffii. The L-asparaginase gene sequence of P. sizovae was identified by homology to L-asparaginases from species of Penicillium of the section Citrina: P. citrinum and P. steckii. Partial L-asparaginase from P. sizovae, lacking the periplasmic signaling sequence, was cloned, and expressed intracellularly with highest enzymatic activity achieved by a MUT+ clone cultured in BMM expression medium; a value 5-fold greater than that obtained by native L-asparaginase in P. sizovae cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature report of the heterologous production of an L-asparaginase from a filamentous fungus by a yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Freitas
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Paula Souza
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Yris M. Fonseca-Bazzo
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Dipak Sarker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; (D.S.); (D.T.); (J.I.)
| | - David Timson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; (D.S.); (D.T.); (J.I.)
| | - João Inácio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; (D.S.); (D.T.); (J.I.)
| | - Pérola O. Magalhães
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (Y.M.F.-B.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Izadpanah Qeshmi F, Homaei A, Khajeh K, Kamrani E, Fernandes P. Production of a Novel Marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recombinant L-Asparaginase: Insight on the Structure and Biochemical Characterization. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:599-613. [PMID: 35507234 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on the cloning, expression, and characterization of L-asparaginase of marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR03 isolated from fish intestine. Thus, a gene fragment containing the L-asparaginase sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR03 isolated from the fish intestine was cloned in the pET21a vector and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Thereafter, the recombinant L-asparaginase (HR03Asnase) was purified by nickel affinity chromatography, and the enzymatic properties of HR03Asnase, including the effects of pH and temperature on HR03Asnase activity and its kinetic parameters, were determined. The recombinant enzyme HR03Asnase showed the highest similarity to type I L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The three-dimensional (3D) modeling results indicate that HR03Asnase exists as a homotetramer. Its molecular weight was 35 kDa, and the maximum activity of the purified enzyme was observed at pH8 and at 40 °C. The km and Vmax of the enzyme obtained with L-asparagine as substrate were 10.904 mM and 3.44 × 10-2 mM/min, respectively. The maximum activity of HR03Asnase was reduced by 50% at 90 °C after 10-min incubation; however, the enzyme maintained more than 20% of its activity after 30-min incubation. This enzyme also maintained almost 50% of its activity at pH 12 after 40-min incubation. The evaluation of pH and temperature stability of HR03Asnase showed that the enzyme has a wide range of activity, which is a suitable characteristic for its application in different industries. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that marine sources are promising biological reservoirs for enzymes to be used for biotechnological purposes, and marine thermostable HR03Asnase is likely a potential candidate for its future usage in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Izadpanah Qeshmi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kamrani
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- DREAMS and Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades E Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pokrovskaya MV, Pokrovsky VS, Aleksandrova SS, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. Molecular Analysis of L-Asparaginases for Clarification of the Mechanism of Action and Optimization of Pharmacological Functions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030599. [PMID: 35335974 PMCID: PMC8948990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. These proteins with different biochemical, physicochemical and pharmacological properties are found in many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and mammals. To date, asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi) are widely used in hematology for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias. However, their medical use is limited by side effects associated with the ability of these enzymes to hydrolyze L-glutamine, as well as the development of immune reactions. To solve these issues, gene-editing methods to introduce amino-acid substitutions of the enzyme are implemented. In this review, we focused on molecular analysis of the mechanism of enzyme action and to optimize the antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Olimpiisky Prospect 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Aleksandrova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Al Yousef SA. Fusarium sp. L-asparaginases: purification, characterization, and potential assessment as an antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11243-11254. [PMID: 34532809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginases important role in the treatment of leukemia. It is part of chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemia in the last three decades. L-Asparaginase is isolated from Fusarium sp. isolated from soil and purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G 100. Characterization of the crude enzyme revealed it is a metalloprotease inhibited by EDTA. Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ also inhibited the enzyme. Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ activated L-asparaginase. Furthermore, kinetic studies of purified enzyme were carried out. Vmax and Km were 0.031 M and 454 U/mL, respectively. The optimum temperature was 30 °C and the optimum pH was 7. Concerning substrate specificity, gelatin and casein in addition to L-asparagine were tested. The enzyme was found to be nonspecific that could hydrolyze all tested substrates at different rates. The maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the case of L-asparagine, followed by casein and gelatin, respectively. The molecular weight of L-asparaginase was 22.5 kDa. The antileukemic cytotoxicity assay of the enzyme against RAW2674 leukemic cell lines by MTT viability test was estimated. The enzyme exhibited antileukemic activity with IC50 of 50.1 UmL-1. The current work presents additional information regarding the purification and characterization of the enzyme produced by Fusarium sp. and its evaluation as a potential antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A Al Yousef
- Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Hafr Al Batin University, Hafr Al Batin, 319 91, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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In silico and biochemical analysis on a newly isolated Trichoderma asperellum l-asparaginase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Loch JI, Imiolczyk B, Sliwiak J, Wantuch A, Bejger M, Gilski M, Jaskolski M. Crystal structures of the elusive Rhizobium etli L-asparaginase reveal a peculiar active site. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6717. [PMID: 34795296 PMCID: PMC8602277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobium etli, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of legume plants, encodes an essential L-asparaginase (ReAV) with no sequence homology to known enzymes with this activity. High-resolution crystal structures of ReAV show indeed a structurally distinct, dimeric enzyme, with some resemblance to glutaminases and β-lactamases. However, ReAV has no glutaminase or lactamase activity, and at pH 9 its allosteric asparaginase activity is relatively high, with Km for L-Asn at 4.2 mM and kcat of 438 s-1. The active site of ReAV, deduced from structural comparisons and confirmed by mutagenesis experiments, contains a highly specific Zn2+ binding site without a catalytic role. The extensive active site includes residues with unusual chemical properties. There are two Ser-Lys tandems, all connected through a network of H-bonds to the Zn center, and three tightly bound water molecules near Ser48, which clearly indicate the catalytic nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I Loch
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Imiolczyk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Sliwiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Wantuch
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bejger
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Gilski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Andrade KCR, Fernandes RA, Pinho DB, de Freitas MM, Filho EXF, Pessoa A, Silva JI, Magalhães PO. Sequencing and characterization of an L-asparaginase gene from a new species of Penicillium section Citrina isolated from Cerrado. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17861. [PMID: 34504186 PMCID: PMC8429440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is used in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The preparations of this enzyme for clinical use are derived from bacterial sources and its use is associated with serious adverse reactions. In this context, it is important to find new sources of L-ASNase. In this work, the Placket-Burman Experimental Design (PBD) was used to determine the influence of the variables on the L-ASNase production then it was followed by a 28-4 Factorial Fractional Design (FFD). The results obtained from PBD have shown a range of L-ASNase activity, from 0.47 to 1.77 U/gcell and the results obtained from FFD have showed a range of L-ASNase activity, from 1.10 to 2.36 U/gcell. L-proline and ammonium sulfate were identified as of significant positive variables on this production enzyme by Penicillium cerradense sp. nov. The precise identification of this new species was confirmed by morphological characteristics and sequence comparisons of the nuclear 18S-5.8S-28S partial nrDNA including the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, RNA polymerase II, β-tubulin and calmodulin genomic regions. The genetic sequence coding for the L-ASNase was obtained after carrying out a full genome sequencing. The L-ASNase expressed by P. cerradense sp. nov may have promising antineoplastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen C R Andrade
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rildo A Fernandes
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Danilo Batista Pinho
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcela M de Freitas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Inácio Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Perola O Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Jia R, Wan X, Geng X, Xue D, Xie Z, Chen C. Microbial L-asparaginase for Application in Acrylamide Mitigation from Food: Current Research Status and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081659. [PMID: 34442737 PMCID: PMC8400838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, which has been widely applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbes have advantages for L-asparaginase production, and there are several commercially available forms of L-asparaginase, all of which are derived from microbes. Generally, L-asparaginase has an optimum pH range of 5.0-9.0 and an optimum temperature of between 30 and 60 °C. However, the optimum temperature of L-asparaginase from hyperthermophilic archaea is considerable higher (between 85 and 100 °C). The native properties of the enzymes can be enhanced by using immobilization techniques. The stability and recyclability of immobilized enzymes makes them more suitable for food applications. This current work describes the classification, catalytic mechanism, production, purification, and immobilization of microbial L-asparaginase, focusing on its application as an effective reducer of acrylamide in fried potato products, bakery products, and coffee. This highlights the prospects of cost-effective L-asparaginase, thermostable L-asparaginase, and immobilized L-asparaginase as good candidates for food application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Jia
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Wan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Xu Geng
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Deming Xue
- School of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (C.C.)
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29
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Wang Y, Xu W, Wu H, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Microbial production, molecular modification, and practical application of l-Asparaginase: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:975-983. [PMID: 34293360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1), an antitumor drug for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy, is widely used in the clinical field. Similarly, L-ASNase is also a powerful and significant biological tool in the food industry to inhibit acrylamide (AA) formation. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest achievements and improvements in the production, modification, and application of microbial L-ASNase. To date, the expression levels and optimization of expression hosts such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris, have made significant progress. In addition, examples of successful modification of L-ASNase such as decreasing glutaminase activity, increasing the in vivo stability, and enhancing thermostability have been presented. Impressively, the application of L-ASNase as a food addition aid, as well as its commercialization in the pharmaceutical field, and cutting-edge biosensor application developments have been summarized. The presented results and proposed ideas could be a good guide for other L-ASNase researchers in both scientific and practical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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30
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Loch JI, Jaskolski M. Structural and biophysical aspects of l-asparaginases: a growing family with amazing diversity. IUCRJ 2021; 8:514-531. [PMID: 34258001 PMCID: PMC8256714 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521006011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginases have remained an intriguing research topic since their discovery ∼120 years ago, especially after their introduction in the 1960s as very efficient antileukemic drugs. In addition to bacterial asparaginases, which are still used to treat childhood leukemia, enzymes of plant and mammalian origin are now also known. They have all been structurally characterized by crystallography, in some cases at outstanding resolution. The structural data have also shed light on the mechanistic details of these deceptively simple enzymes. Yet, despite all this progress, no better therapeutic agents have been found to beat bacterial asparaginases. However, a new option might arise with the discovery of yet another type of asparaginase, those from symbiotic nitrogen-fixing Rhizobia, and with progress in the protein engineering of enzymes with desired properties. This review surveys the field of structural biology of l-asparaginases, focusing on the mechanistic aspects of the well established types and speculating about the potential of the new members of this amazingly diversified family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I. Loch
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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31
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Lubkowski J, Wlodawer A. Structural and biochemical properties of L-asparaginase. FEBS J 2021; 288:4183-4209. [PMID: 34060231 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (a hydrolase converting l-asparagine to l-aspartic acid) was the first enzyme to be used in clinical practice as an anticancer agent after its approval in 1978 as a component of a treatment protocol for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Structural and biochemical properties of l-asparaginases have been extensively investigated during the last half-century, providing an accurate structural description of the enzyme isolated from a variety of sources, as well as clarifying the mechanism of its activity. This review provides a critical assessment of the current state of knowledge of primarily structural, but also selected biochemical properties of 'bacterial-type' l-asparaginases from different organisms. The most extensively studied members of this enzyme family are l-asparaginases highly homologous to one of the two enzymes from Escherichia coli (usually referred to as EcAI and EcAII). Members of this enzyme family, although often called bacterial-type l-asparaginases, have been also identified in such divergent organisms as archaea or eukarya. Over 100 structural models of l-asparaginases have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank during the last 30 years. One of the prime achievements of structure-centered approaches was the elucidation of the details of the mechanism of enzymatic action of this unique hydrolase that utilizes a side chain of threonine as the primary nucleophile. The molecular basis of other important properties of these enzymes, such as their substrate specificity, is still being evaluated. Results of structural and mechanistic studies of l-asparaginases are being utilized in efforts to improve the clinical properties of this important anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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32
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Castro D, Marques ASC, Almeida MR, de Paiva GB, Bento HBS, Pedrolli DB, Freire MG, Tavares APM, Santos-Ebinuma VC. L-asparaginase production review: bioprocess design and biochemical characteristics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4515-4534. [PMID: 34059941 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the production of biopharmaceuticals has gained high interest due to its great sensitivity, specificity, and lower risk of negative effects to patients. Biopharmaceuticals are mostly therapeutic recombinant proteins produced through biotechnological processes. In this context, L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, L-ASNase (E.C. 3.5.1.1)) is a therapeutic enzyme that has been abundantly studied by researchers due to its antineoplastic properties. As a biopharmaceutical, L-ASNase has been used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and other lymphoid malignancies, in combination with other drugs. Besides its application as a biopharmaceutical, this enzyme is widely used in food processing industries as an acrylamide mitigation agent and as a biosensor for the detection of L-asparagine in physiological fluids at nano-levels. The great demand for L-ASNase is supplied by recombinant enzymes from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, production processes are associated to low yields and proteins associated to immunogenicity problems, which leads to the search for a better enzyme source. Considering the L-ASNase pharmacological and food importance, this review provides an overview of the current biotechnological developments in L-ASNase production and biochemical characterization aiming to improve the knowledge about its production. KEY POINTS: • Microbial enzyme applications as biopharmaceutical and in food industry • Biosynthesis process: from the microorganism to bioreactor technology • Enzyme activity and kinetic properties: crucial for the final application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castro
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia C Marques
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mafalda R Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela B de Paiva
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Heitor B S Bento
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Danielle B Pedrolli
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P M Tavares
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
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da Silva LS, Doonan LB, Pessoa A, de Oliveira MA, Long PF. Structural and functional diversity of asparaginases: Overview and recommendations for a revised nomenclature. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:503-513. [PMID: 33624365 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asparaginases (ASNases) are a large and structurally diverse group of enzymes ubiquitous amongst archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes, that catalyze hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartate and ammonia. Bacterial ASNases are important biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, although some patients experience adverse allergic side effects during treatment with these protein therapeutics. ASNases are currently divided into three families: plant-type ASNases, Rhizobium etli-type ASNases and bacterial-type ASNases. This system is outdated as both bacterial-type and plant-type families also include archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic enzymes, each with their own distinct characteristics. Herein, phylogenetic studies allied to tertiary structural analyses are described with the aim of proposing a revised and more robust classification system that considers the biochemical diversity of ASNases. Accordingly, based on distinct peptide domains, phylogenetic data, structural analysis and functional characteristics, we recommend that ASNases now be divided into three new distinct classes containing subgroups according to structural and functional aspects. Using this new classification scheme, 25 ASNases were identified as candidates for future new lead discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Schultz da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Liam B Doonan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Departamento de Tecnologia Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paul F Long
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.,Departamento de Tecnologia Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barros T, Brumano L, Freitas M, Pessoa A, Parachin N, Magalhães PO. Development of Processes for Recombinant L-Asparaginase II Production by Escherichia coli Bl21 (De3): From Shaker to Bioreactors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:E14. [PMID: 33374100 PMCID: PMC7823503 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1961, L-asparaginase has been used to treat patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. It rapidly depletes the plasma asparagine and deprives the blood cells of this circulating amino acid, essential for the metabolic cycles of cells. In the search for viable alternatives to produce L-asparaginase, this work aimed to produce this enzyme from Escherichia coli in a shaker and in a 3 L bioreactor. Three culture media were tested: defined, semi-defined and complex medium. L-asparaginase activity was quantified using the β-hydroxamate aspartic acid method. The defined medium provided the highest L-asparaginase activity. In induction studies, two inducers, lactose and its analog IPTG, were compared. Lactose was chosen as an inducer for the experiments conducted in the bioreactor due to its natural source, lower cost and lower toxicity. Batch and fed-batch cultures were carried out to reach high cell density and then start the induction. Batch cultivation provided a final cell concentration of 11 g L-1 and fed-batch cultivation produced 69.90 g L-1 of cells, which produced a volumetric activity of 43,954.79 U L-1 after lactose induction. L-asparaginase was produced in a shaker and scaled up to a bioreactor, increasing 23-fold the cell concentration and thus, the enzyme productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Barros
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (T.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Larissa Brumano
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.B.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Marcela Freitas
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (T.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.B.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Nádia Parachin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Pérola O. Magalhães
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (T.B.); (M.F.)
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35
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Moguel IS, Yamakawa CK, Pessoa A, Mussatto SI. L-asparaginase Production by Leucosporidium scottii in a Bench-Scale Bioreactor With Co-production of Lipids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:576511. [PMID: 33392162 PMCID: PMC7773903 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.576511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is a therapeutical enzyme used for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ASNase products available in the market are produced by bacteria and usually present allergic response and important toxicity effects to the patients. Production of ASNase by yeasts could be an alternative to overcome these problems since yeasts have better compatibility with the human system. Recently, it was found that Leucosporidium scottii, a psychrotolerant yeast, produces ASNase. In order to advance the production of ASNase by this yeast, the present study aimed to select suitable process conditions able to maximize the production of this enzyme in a bench-scale bioreactor. Additionally, the accumulation of lipids during the enzyme production process was also determined and quantified. Experiments were carried out with the aim of selecting the most appropriate conditions of initial cell concentration (1.0, 3.5, and 5.6 g L–1), carbon source (sucrose and glycerol, individually or in mixture) and oxygen transfer rate (kLa in the range of 1.42–123 h–1) to be used on the production of ASNase by this yeast. Results revealed that the enzyme production increased when using an initial cell concentration of 5.6 g L–1, mixture of sucrose and glycerol as carbon source, and kLa of 91.72 h–1. Under these conditions, the enzyme productivity was maximized, reaching 35.11 U L–1 h–1, which is already suitable for the development of scale-up studies. Additionally, accumulation of lipids was observed in all the cultivations, corresponding to 2–7 g L–1 (32–40% of the cell dry mass), with oleic acid (C18:1) being the predominant compound (50.15%). Since the L-asparaginase biopharmaceuticals on the market are highly priced, the co-production of lipids as a secondary high-value product during the ASNase production, as observed in the present study, is an interesting finding that opens up perspectives to increase the economic feasibility of the enzyme production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio S Moguel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina K Yamakawa
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange I Mussatto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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36
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Lin HC, Li WH, Chen CC, Cheng TH, Lan YH, Huang MD, Chen WM, Chang JS, Chang HY. Diverse Enzymes With Industrial Applications in Four Thraustochytrid Genera. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573907. [PMID: 33193181 PMCID: PMC7641610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic fungus-like protists that can dissolve organic matters with enzymes. Four strains, AP45, ASP1, ASP2, and ASP4, were isolated from the coastal water of Taiwan, and respectively identified as Aurantiochytrium sp., Schizochytrium sp., Parietichytrium sp., and Botryochytrium sp. based on 18S rRNA sequences. Transcriptome datasets of these four strains at days 3-5 were generated using Next Generation Sequencing technology, and screened for enzymes with potential industrial applications. Functional annotations based on KEGG database suggest that many unigenes of all four strains were related to the pathways of industrial enzymes. Most of all four strains contained homologous genes for 15 out of the 17 targeted enzymes, and had extra- and/or intra-cellular enzymatic activities, including urease, asparaginase, lipase, glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and protease. Complete amino sequences of the first-time identified L-asparaginase and phytase in thraustochytrids were retrieved, and respectively categorized to the Type I and BPPhy families based on phylogenetic relationships, protein structural modeling and active sites. Milligram quantities of highly purified, soluble protein of urease and L-asparaginase were successfully harvested and analyzed for recombinant enzymatic activities. These analytical results highlight the diverse enzymes for wide-range applications in thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chin Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Bueno CZ, Apolinário AC, Duro-Castano A, Poma A, Pessoa A, Rangel-Yagui CO, Battaglia G. l-Asparaginase Encapsulation into Asymmetric Permeable Polymersomes. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1471-1477. [PMID: 35653665 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work reports, for the encapsulation of l-asparaginase, an anticancer enzyme into hybrid PMPC25-PDPA70/PEO16-PBO22 asymmetric polymersomes previously developed by our group, with loading capacities with over 800 molecules per vesicle. Enzyme-loaded polymersomes show permeability and capacity to hydrolyze l-asparagine, which is essential to cancer cells. The nanoreactors proposed in this work can be potentially used in further studies to develop novel therapeutic alternatives based on l-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Z Bueno
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexsandra C Apolinário
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroa Duro-Castano
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom.,Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, WC1X 8LD London, United Kingdom
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Rodrigues MAD, Pimenta MV, Costa IM, Zenatti PP, Migita NA, Yunes JA, Rangel-Yagui CO, de Sá MM, Pessoa A, Costa-Silva TA, Toyama MH, Breyer CA, de Oliveira MA, Santiago VF, Palmisano G, Barbosa CMV, Hebeda CB, Farsky SHP, Monteiro G. Influence of lysosomal protease sensitivity in the immunogenicity of the antitumor biopharmaceutical asparaginase. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114230. [PMID: 32979352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) from Escherichia coli (EcAII) is used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). EcAII activity in vivo has been described to be influenced by the human lysosomal proteases asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) and cathepsin B (CTSB); these hydrolases cleave and could expose epitopes associated with the immune response against EcAII. In this work, we show that ASNase resistance to CTSB and/or AEP influences the formation of anti-ASNase antibodies, one of the main causes of hypersensitivity reactions in patients. Error-prone polymerase chain reaction was used to produce variants of EcAII more resistant to proteolytic cleavage by AEP and CTSB. The variants with enzymatic activity and cytotoxicity levels equivalent to or better than EcAII WT were submitted to in vivo assays. Only one of the mutants presented increased serum half-life, so resistance to these proteases is not the only feature involved in EcAII stability in vivo. Our results showed alteration of the phenotypic profile of B cells isolated after animal treatment with different protease-resistant proteoforms. Furthermore, mice that were exposed to the protease-resistant proteoforms presented lower anti-asparaginase antibodies production in vivo. Our data suggest that modulating resistance to lysosomal proteases can result in less immunogenic protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A D Rodrigues
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela V Pimenta
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris M Costa
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natacha A Migita
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Yunes
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus M de Sá
- Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tales A Costa-Silva
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Toyama
- Biosciences Institute, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Breyer
- Biosciences Institute, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A de Oliveira
- Biosciences Institute, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veronica F Santiago
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiano M V Barbosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina B Hebeda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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39
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Freire RKB, Mendonça CMN, Ferraro RB, Moguel IS, Tonso A, Lourenço FR, Santos JHPM, Sette LD, Pessoa Junior A. Glutaminase-free L-asparaginase production by Leucosporidium muscorum isolated from Antarctic marine-sediment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:277-288. [PMID: 32921254 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1815053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is an essential drug in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Commercial bacterial ASNases increase patient survival, but the consequent immunological reactions remain a challenge. Yeasts ASNase is closer to human congeners and could lead to lower side effects. Among 134 yeast strains isolated from marine-sediments in King George Island, Antarctica, nine were L-asparaginase producing yeasts and glutaminase-free. Leucosporidium muscorum CRM 1648 yielded the highest ASNase activity (490.41 U.L-1) and volumetric productivity (5.12 U.L-1 h-1). Sucrose, yeast extract and proline were the best carbon and nitrogen sources to support growth and ASNase production. A full factorial design analysis pointed the optimum media condition for yeast growth and ASNase yield: 20 g L-1 sucrose, 15 g L-1 yeast extract and 20 g L-1 proline, which resulted in 4582.5 U L-1 and 63.64 U L-1 h-1 of ASNase and volumetric productivity, respectively. Analysis of temperature, pH, inoculum and addition of seawater indicated the best condition for ASNase production by this yeast: 12-15 °C, pH 5.5-6.5 and seawater >25% (v/v). Inoculum concentration seems not to interfere. This work is pioneer on the production of ASNase by cold-adapted yeasts, highlighting the potential of these microbial resources as a source of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase for commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rominne Karla Barros Freire
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Miguel Nóbrega Mendonça
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bertelli Ferraro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Sánchez Moguel
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Tonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rebello Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Durães Sette
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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40
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Costa-Silva T, Costa I, Biasoto H, Lima G, Silva C, Pessoa A, Monteiro G. Critical overview of the main features and techniques used for the evaluation of the clinical applicability of L-asparaginase as a biopharmaceutical to treat blood cancer. Blood Rev 2020; 43:100651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Radadiya A, Zhu W, Coricello A, Alcaro S, Richards NGJ. Improving the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3193-3200. [PMID: 32786406 PMCID: PMC7497903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) was first used as a component of combination drug therapies to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, almost 50 years ago. Administering this enzyme to reduce asparagine levels in the blood is a cornerstone of modern clinical protocols for ALL; indeed, this remains the only successful example of a therapy targeted against a specific metabolic weakness in any form of cancer. Three problems, however, constrain the clinical use of l-asparaginase. First, a type II bacterial variant of l-asparaginase is administered to patients, the majority of whom are children, which produces an immune response thereby limiting the time over which the enzyme can be tolerated. Second, l-asparaginase is subject to proteolytic degradation in the blood. Third, toxic side effects are observed, which may be correlated with the l-glutaminase activity of the enzyme. This Perspective will outline how asparagine depletion negatively impacts the growth of leukemic blasts, discuss the structure and mechanism of l-asparaginase, and briefly describe the clinical use of chemically modified forms of clinically useful l-asparaginases, such as Asparlas, which was recently given FDA approval for use in children (babies to young adults) as part of multidrug treatments for ALL. Finally, we review ongoing efforts to engineer l-asparaginase variants with improved therapeutic properties and briefly detail emerging, alternate strategies for the treatment of forms of ALL that are resistant to asparagine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Radadiya
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adriana Coricello
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Net4Science, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nigel G J Richards
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.,Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 13079 Progress Boulevard, Alachua, Florida 32615, United States
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42
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de Moura WAF, Schultz L, Breyer CA, de Oliveira ALP, Tairum CA, Fernandes GC, Toyama MH, Pessoa-Jr A, Monteiro G, de Oliveira MA. Functional and structural evaluation of the antileukaemic enzyme L-asparaginase II expressed at low temperature by different Escherichia coli strains. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2333-2344. [PMID: 32638188 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) affects lymphoblastic cells and is the most common neoplasm during childhood. Among the pharmaceuticals used in the treatment protocols for ALL, Asparaginase (ASNase) from Escherichia coli (EcAII) is an essential biodrug. Meanwhile, the use of EcAII in neoplastic treatments causes several side effects, such as immunological reactions, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, depression, and coagulation abnormalities. Commercial EcAII is expressed as a recombinant protein, similar to novel enzymes from different organisms; in fact, EcAII is a tetrameric enzyme with high molecular weight (140 kDa), and its overexpression in recombinant systems often results in bacterial cell death or the production of aggregated or inactive EcAII protein, which is related to the formation of inclusion bodies. On the other hand, several commercial expression strains have been developed to overcome these expression issues, but no studies on a systematic evaluation of the E. coli strains aiming to express recombinant asparaginases have been performed to date. In this study, we evaluated eleven expression strains at a low temperature (16 °C) with different characteristics to determine which is the most appropriate for asparaginase expression; recombinant wild-type EcAII (rEcAII) was used as a prototype enzyme and the secondary structure content, oligomeric state, aggregation and specific activity of the enzymes were assessed. Structural analysis suggested that a correctly folded tetrameric rEcAII was obtained using ArcticExpress (DE3), a strain that co-express chaperonins, while all other strains produced poorly folded proteins. Additionally, the enzymatic assays showed high specific activity of proteins expressed by ArcticExpress (DE3) when compared to the other strains used in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Alfinito Feio de Moura
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Schultz
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Breyer
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Pires de Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Abrunhosa Tairum
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Costa Fernandes
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hikari Toyama
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa-Jr
- Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio de Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil.
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43
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Maqsood B, Basit A, Khurshid M, Bashir Q. Characterization of a thermostable, allosteric L-asparaginase from Anoxybacillus flavithermus. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:584-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumava Santra
- Department of ChemistryLovelyProfessional University, NH-41, Phagwara Punjab 144411 India
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45
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Feng Y, Liu S, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Du G. Gene cloning and expression of the l-asparaginase from Bacillus cereus BDRD-ST26 in Bacillus subtilis WB600. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:418-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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46
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Rocha W, Costa‐Silva T, Agamez‐Montalvo G, Feitosa V, Machado S, Souza Lima G, Pessoa‐ A, Alves H. Screening and optimizing fermentation production of
l
‐asparaginase by
Aspergillus terreus
strain S‐18 isolated from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1426-1437. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.R.V. Rocha
- State University of Paraíba Campina Grande PB Brazil
| | - T.A. Costa‐Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - V.A. Feitosa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - S.E.F. Machado
- Federal University of Pernambuco Cidade Universitária Recife PE Brazil
| | - G.M. Souza Lima
- Federal University of Pernambuco Cidade Universitária Recife PE Brazil
| | - A. Pessoa‐
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - H.S. Alves
- State University of Paraíba Campina Grande PB Brazil
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47
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Expression, purification, and characterization of asparaginase II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 159:21-26. [PMID: 30836141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
l-asparaginase catalyzes the conversion of l-asparagine to l-aspartate and ammonium. This protein is an important therapeutic enzyme used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this study, the asparaginase II-encoding gene ASP3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned into the expression vector pET28a in-fusion with a 6x histidine tag and was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The protein was expressed at a high level (225.6 IU/g cells) as an intracellular and soluble molecule and was purified from the supernatant by nickel affinity chromatography. The enzyme showed very low activity against l-glutamine. The denaturing electrophoresis analysis indicated that the recombinant protein had a molecular mass of ∼38 kDa. The native enzyme was a tetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 178 kDa. The enzyme preparation showed antitumor activity against the K562 and Jurkat cell lines comparable or even superior to the E. coli commercial asparaginase.
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48
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Meneguetti GP, Santos JHPM, Obreque KMT, Barbosa CMV, Monteiro G, Farsky SHP, Marim de Oliveira A, Angeli CB, Palmisano G, Ventura SPM, Pessoa-Junior A, de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui C. Novel site-specific PEGylated L-asparaginase. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211951. [PMID: 30753228 PMCID: PMC6372183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) from Escherichia coli is currently used in some countries in its PEGylated form (ONCASPAR, pegaspargase) to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PEGylation refers to the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene) glycol to the protein drug and it not only reduces the immune system activation but also decreases degradation by plasmatic proteases. However, pegaspargase is randomly PEGylated and, consequently, with a high degree of polydispersity in its final formulation. In this work we developed a site-specific N-terminus PEGylation protocol for ASNase. The monoPEG-ASNase was purified by anionic followed by size exclusion chromatography to a final purity of 99%. The highest yield of monoPEG-ASNase of 42% was obtained by the protein reaction with methoxy polyethylene glycol-carboxymethyl N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (10kDa) in 100 mM PBS at pH 7.5 and PEG:ASNase ratio of 25:1. The monoPEG-ASNase was found to maintain enzymatic stability for more days than ASNase, also was resistant to the plasma proteases like asparaginyl endopeptidase and cathepsin B. Additionally, monoPEG-ASNase was found to be potent against leukemic cell lines (MOLT-4 and REH) in vitro like polyPEG-ASNase. monoPEG-ASNase demonstrates its potential as a novel option for ALL treatment, being an inventive novelty that maintains the benefits of the current enzyme and solves challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Henrique Picado Madalena Santos
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia Blanes Angeli
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adalberto Pessoa-Junior
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brumano LP, da Silva FVS, Costa-Silva TA, Apolinário AC, Santos JHPM, Kleingesinds EK, Monteiro G, Rangel-Yagui CDO, Benyahia B, Junior AP. Development of L-Asparaginase Biobetters: Current Research Status and Review of the Desirable Quality Profiles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 6:212. [PMID: 30687702 PMCID: PMC6335324 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (ASNase) is a vital component of the first line treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), an aggressive type of blood cancer expected to afflict over 53,000 people worldwide by 2020. More recently, ASNase has also been shown to have potential for preventing metastasis from solid tumors. The ASNase treatment is, however, characterized by a plethora of potential side effects, ranging from immune reactions to severe toxicity. Consequently, in accordance with Quality-by-Design (QbD) principles, ingenious new products tailored to minimize adverse reactions while increasing patient survival have been devised. In the following pages, the reader is invited for a brief discussion on the most recent developments in this field. Firstly, the review presents an outline of the recent improvements on the manufacturing and formulation processes, which can severely influence important aspects of the product quality profile, such as contamination, aggregation and enzymatic activity. Following, the most recent advances in protein engineering applied to the development of biobetter ASNases (i.e., with reduced glutaminase activity, proteolysis resistant and less immunogenic) using techniques such as site-directed mutagenesis, molecular dynamics, PEGylation, PASylation and bioconjugation are discussed. Afterwards, the attention is shifted toward nanomedicine including technologies such as encapsulation and immobilization, which aim at improving ASNase pharmacokinetics. Besides discussing the results of the most innovative and representative academic research, the review provides an overview of the products already available on the market or in the latest stages of development. With this, the review is intended to provide a solid background for the current product development and underpin the discussions on the target quality profile of future ASNase-based pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pereira Brumano
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vitor Santos da Silva
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tales Alexandre Costa-Silva
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Conceição Apolinário
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Picado Madalena Santos
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Krebs Kleingesinds
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brahim Benyahia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Costa-Silva TA, Camacho-Córdova DI, Agamez-Montalvo GS, Parizotto LA, Sánchez-Moguel I, Pessoa-Jr A. Optimization of culture conditions and bench-scale production of anticancer enzyme L-asparaginase by submerged fermentation from Aspergillus terreus CCT 7693. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 49:95-104. [PMID: 30488788 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1536990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.1) has received significant attention owing to its clinical use in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment and non-clinical applications in the food industry to reduce acrylamide (toxic compound) formation during the frying of starchy foods. In this study, a sequential optimization strategy was used to determine the best culture conditions for L-asparaginase production from filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus CCT 7693 by submerged fermentation. The cultural conditions were studied using a 3-level, central composite design of response surface methodology, and biomass and enzyme production were optimized separately. The highest amount of biomass (22.0 g·L-1) was obtained with modified Czapek-Dox medium containing glucose (14 g·L-1), L-proline (10 g·L-1), and ammonium nitrate (2 g·L-1) fermented at 37.2 °C and pH 8.56; for maximum enzyme production (13.50 U·g-1), the best condition was modified Czapek-Dox medium containing glucose (2 g·L-1), L-proline (10 g·L-1), and inoculum concentration of 4.8 × 108 espore·mL-1 adjusted to pH 9.49 at 34.6 °C. The L-asparaginase production profile was studied in a 7 L bench-scale bioreactor and a final specific activity of 13.81 U·g-1 was achieved, which represents an increase of 200% in relation to the initial non-optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Costa-Silva
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - D I Camacho-Córdova
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - L A Parizotto
- c Polytechnic School , University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Sánchez-Moguel
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - A Pessoa-Jr
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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