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Herbert C, Ohrnberger CL, Quinlisk E, Addepalli B, Limbach PA. Characterizing Benzo[a]pyrene Adducts in Transfer RNAs Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Biomedicines 2023; 11:3270. [PMID: 38137491 PMCID: PMC10741534 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The activated forms of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), such as benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), are known to cause damage to genomic DNA and proteins. However, the impact of BPDE on ribonucleic acid (RNA) remains unclear. To understand the full spectrum of potential BPDE-RNA adducts formed, we reacted ribonucleoside standards with BPDE and characterized the reaction products using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To understand the potential types of adducts that could form with biological RNAs, eukaryotic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were also reacted with BPDE. The isolation and analysis of the modified and adducted ribonucleosides using LC-MS/MS revealed several BPDE derivatives of post-transcriptional modifications. The approach outlined in this work enables the identification of RNA adducts from BPDE, which can pave the way for understanding the potential impacts of such adducts on the higher-order structure and function of modified RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick A. Limbach
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA; (C.H.)
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Smith JW, O'Meally RN, Burke SM, Ng DK, Chen JG, Kensler TW, Groopman JD, Cole RN. Global Discovery and Temporal Changes of Human Albumin Modifications by Pan-Protein Adductomics: Initial Application to Air Pollution Exposure. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:595-607. [PMID: 36939690 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Assessing personal exposure to environmental toxicants is a critical challenge for predicting disease risk. Previously, using human serum albumin (HSA)-based biomonitoring, we reported dosimetric relationships between adducts at HSA Cys34 and ambient air pollutant levels (Smith et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2021, 34, 1183). These results provided the foundation to explore modifications at other sites in HSA to reveal novel adducts of complex exposures. Thus, the Pan-Protein Adductomics (PPA) technology reported here is the next step toward an unbiased, comprehensive characterization of the HSA adductome. The PPA workflow requires <2 μL serum/plasma and uses nanoflow-liquid chromatography, gas-phase fractionation, and overlapping-window data-independent acquisition high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. PPA analysis of albumin from nonsmoking women exposed to high levels of air pollution uncovered 68 unique location-specific modifications (LSMs) across 21 HSA residues. While nearly half were located at Cys34 (33 LSMs), 35 were detected on other residues, including Lys, His, Tyr, Ser, Met, and Arg. HSA adduct relative abundances spanned a ∼400 000-fold range and included putative products of exogenous (SO2, benzene, phycoerythrobilin) and endogenous (oxidation, lipid peroxidation, glycation, carbamylation) origin, as well as 24 modifications without annotations. PPA quantification revealed statistically significant changes in LSM levels across the 84 days of monitoring (∼3 HSA lifetimes) in the following putative adducts: Cys34 trioxidation, β-methylthiolation, benzaldehyde, and benzene diol epoxide; Met329 oxidation; Arg145 dioxidation; and unannotated Cys34 and His146 adducts. Notably, the PPA workflow can be extended to any protein. Pan-Protein Adductomics is a novel and powerful strategy for untargeted global exploration of protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Smith
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Robert N O'Meally
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Sean M Burke
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Derek K Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People's Hospital, Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, P. R. China
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - John D Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Vryonidis E, Karlsson I, Aasa J, Carlsson H, Motwani HV, Pedersen M, Eriksson J, Törnqvist MÅ. Pathways to Identify Electrophiles In Vivo Using Hemoglobin Adducts: Hydroxypropanoic Acid Valine Adduct and Its Possible Precursors. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2227-2240. [PMID: 36395356 PMCID: PMC9768813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods and tools for the characterization of the human exposome by untargeted mass spectrometry approaches are advancing rapidly. Adductomics methods have been developed for untargeted screening of short-lived electrophiles, in the form of adducts to proteins or DNA, in vivo. The identification of an adduct and its precursor electrophile in the blood is more complex than that of stable chemicals. The present work aims to illustrate procedures for the identification of an adduct to N-terminal valine in hemoglobin detected with adductomics, and pathways for the tracing of its precursor and possible exposure sources. Identification of the adduct proceeded via preparation and characterization of standards of adduct analytes. Possible precursor(s) and exposure sources were investigated by measurements in blood of adduct formation by precursors in vitro and adduct levels in vivo. The adduct was identified as hydroxypropanoic acid valine (HPA-Val) by verification with a synthesized reference. The HPA-Val was measured together with other adducts (from acrylamide, glycidamide, glycidol, and acrylic acid) in human blood (n = 51, schoolchildren). The HPA-Val levels ranged between 6 and 76 pmol/g hemoglobin. The analysis of reference samples from humans and rodents showed that the HPA-Val adduct was observed in all studied samples. No correlation of the HPA-Val level with the other studied adducts was observed in humans, nor was an increase in tobacco smokers observed. A small increase was observed in rodents exposed to glycidol. The formation of the HPA-Val adduct upon incubation of blood with glycidic acid (an epoxide) was shown. The relatively high adduct levels observed in vivo in relation to the measured reactivity of the epoxide, and the fact that the epoxide is not described as naturally occurring, suggest that glycidic acid is not the only precursor of the HPA-Val adduct identified in vivo. Another endogenous electrophile is suspected to contribute to the in vivo HPA-Val adduct level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Vryonidis
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabella Karlsson
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Aasa
- Department
of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish
Food Agency, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Carlsson
- Department
of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hitesh V. Motwani
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Department
of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Å. Törnqvist
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
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Detection of Benzo[ a]pyrene Diol Epoxide Adducts to Histidine and Lysine in Serum Albumin In Vivo by High-Resolution-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010027. [PMID: 35051069 PMCID: PMC8778559 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic diol epoxide metabolites are involved in the carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene, one of the widely studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The exposure of humans to this PAH can be assessed by measuring stable blood protein adducts, such as to histidine and lysine in serum albumin, from their reactive metabolites. In this respect, measurement of the adducts originating from the genotoxic (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide is of interest. However, these are difficult to measure at such low levels as are expected in humans generally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene from air pollution and the diet. The analytical methods detecting PAH-biomarkers still suffer from low selectivity and/or detectability to enable generation of data for calculation of in vivo doses of specific stereoisomers, for evaluation of risk factors and assessing risk from exposures to PAH. Here, we suggest an analytical methodology based on high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to lower the detection limits as well as to increase the selectivity with improvements in both chromatographic separation and mass determination. Method development was performed using serum albumin alkylated in vitro by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide isomers. The (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide adducts could be chromatographically resolved by using an HPLC column with a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. Interferences were further diminished by the high mass accuracy and resolving power of Orbitrap MS. The achieved method detection limit for the (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide adduct to histidine was approximately 4 amol/mg serum albumin. This adduct as well as the adducts to histidine from (−)-anti- and (+/−)-syn-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide were quantified in the samples from benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice. Corresponding adducts to lysine were also quantified. In human serum albumin, the anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide adducts to histidine were detected in only two out of twelve samples and at a level of approximately 0.1 fmol/mg.
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Smith JW, O'Meally RN, Ng DK, Chen JG, Kensler TW, Cole RN, Groopman JD. Biomonitoring of Ambient Outdoor Air Pollutant Exposure in Humans Using Targeted Serum Albumin Adductomics. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1183-1196. [PMID: 33793228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution, a spatially and temporally complex mixture, is a human carcinogen. However, ambient measurements may not reflect subject-level exposures, personal monitors do not assess internal dose, and spot assessments of urinary biomarkers may not recapitulate chronic exposures. Nucleophilic sites in serum albumin-particularly the free thiol at Cys34-form adducts with electrophiles. Due to the 4-week lifetime of albumin in circulation, accumulating adducts can serve as intermediate- to long-residence biomarkers of chronic exposure and implicate potential biological effects. Employing nanoflow liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (nLC-HRMS) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), we have developed and validated a novel targeted albumin adductomics platform capable of simultaneously monitoring dozens of Cys34 adducts per sample in only 2.5 μL of serum, with on-column limits of detection in the low-femtomolar range. Using this platform, we characterized the magnitude and impact of ambient outdoor air pollution exposures with three repeated measurements over 84 days in n = 26 nonsmoking women (n = 78 total samples) from Qidong, China, an area with a rising burden of lung cancer incidence. In concordance with seasonally rising ambient concentrations of NO2, SO2, and PM10 measured at stationary monitors, we observed elevations in concentrations of Cys34 adducts of benzoquinone (p < 0.05), benzene diol epoxide (BDE; p < 0.05), crotonaldehyde (p < 0.01), and oxidation (p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed significant elevations in oxidation and BDE adduct concentrations of 300% to nearly 700% per doubling of ambient airborne pollutant levels (p < 0.05). Notably, the ratio of irreversibly oxidized to reduced Cys34 rose more than 3-fold during the 84-day period, revealing a dramatic perturbation of serum redox balance and potentially serving as a portent of increased pollution-related mortality risk. Our targeted albumin adductomics assay represents a novel and flexible approach for sensitive and multiplexed internal dosimetry of environmental exposures, providing a new strategy for personalized biomonitoring and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Smith
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Robert N O'Meally
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Derek K Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, China
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - John D Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Cotena M, Auffan M, Tassistro V, Resseguier N, Rose J, Perrin J. In Vitro Co-Exposure to CeO 2 Nanomaterials from Diesel Engine Exhaust and Benzo( a)Pyrene Induces Additive DNA Damage in Sperm and Cumulus Cells but Not in Oocytes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020478. [PMID: 33668575 PMCID: PMC7918929 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a recognized reprotoxic compound and the most widely investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in ambient air; it is widespread by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels along with cerium dioxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs), which are used in nano-based diesel additives to decrease the emission of toxic compounds and to increase fuel economy. The toxicity of CeO2 NMs on reproductive organs and cells has also been shown. However, the effect of the combined interactions of BaP and CeO2 NMs on reproduction has not been investigated. Herein, human and rat gametes were exposed in vitro to combusted CeO2 NMs or BaP or CeO2 NMs and BaP in combination. CeO2 NMs were burned at 850 °C prior to mimicking their release after combustion in a diesel engine. We demonstrated significantly higher amounts of DNA damage after exposure to combusted CeO2 NMs (1 µg·L-1) or BaP (1.13 µmol·L-1) in all cell types considered compared to unexposed cells. Co-exposure to the CeO2 NMs-BaP mixture induced additive DNA damage in sperm and cumulus cells, whereas no additive effect was observed in rat oocytes. This result could be related to the structural protection of the oocyte by cumulus cells and to the oocyte's efficient system to repair DNA damage compared to that of cumulus and sperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cotena
- IMBE, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ., 13005 Marseille, France; (M.C.); (V.T.)
- CEREGE, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, Coll France, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; (M.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Mélanie Auffan
- CEREGE, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, Coll France, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; (M.A.); (J.R.)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Virginie Tassistro
- IMBE, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ., 13005 Marseille, France; (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, La Timone Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Jérôme Rose
- CEREGE, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, Coll France, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; (M.A.); (J.R.)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jeanne Perrin
- IMBE, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ., 13005 Marseille, France; (M.C.); (V.T.)
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biology-CECOS, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HM La Conception, Pôle Femmes Parents Enfants, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
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DNA as an in vitro trapping agent for detection of bulky genotoxic metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122276. [PMID: 32721860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The instability of electrophilic reactive metabolites in in vitro metabolism studies makes their accurate analysis challenging. To stabilise the reactive compounds prior to their analysis, different trapping agents, such as thiols, amines and cob(I)alamin, have earlier been tested depending on the metabolites to be analysed and the type of study. In the present work, DNA is introduced as a trapping agent for measuring the formation of bulky electrophilic metabolites. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), was used as a model compound in a rat liver S9 metabolic system. Under physiological incubation conditions, B[a]P metabolises to diol epoxide (BPDE) metabolites which were trapped by DNA resulting in the formation of covalently bound DNA adducts. The methodology for analysis of these adducts included extraction of the DNA from the metabolic system, digestion of the DNA to yield nucleosides and analysis of the BPDE-adduct to deoxyguanosine (BPDE-dG) by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The chromatographic conditions in combination with the high mass accuracy data (±3 ppm) was useful in resolving BPDE-dG in its protonated form from the complex set of ions present in the metabolic matrix. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision and recovery, and applied to provide a preliminary estimate of BPDE-dG levels from the metabolism of B[a]P in rat S9. The use of DNA as a trapping agent for in vitro metabolites has a potential to aid in cancer risk assessment procedure of PAHs, for instance, in inter-species comparison of metabolism to reactive metabolites and can be adapted for screening of genotoxic metabolites, e.g., from emerging environmental contaminants.
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Motwani HV, Westberg E, Lindh C, Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Törnqvist M. Serum albumin adducts, DNA adducts and micronuclei frequency measured in benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice for estimation of genotoxic potency. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 849:503127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.503127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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