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Bui TT, Aasa J, Abass K, Ågerstrand M, Beronius A, Castro M, Escrivá L, Galizia A, Gliga A, Karlsson O, Whaley P, Yost E, Rudén C. Applying a modified systematic review and integrated assessment framework (SYRINA) - a case study on triphenyl phosphate. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2024; 26:380-399. [PMID: 38205707 PMCID: PMC10879963 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a case study in applying a systematic review framework (SYRINA) to the identification of chemicals as endocrine disruptors. The suitability and performance of the framework is tested with regard to the widely accepted World Health Organization definition of an endocrine disruptor (ED). The endocrine disrupting potential of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a well-studied flame retardant reported to exhibit various endocrine related effects was assessed. We followed the 7 steps of the SYRINA framework, articulating the research objective via Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes (PECO) statements, performed literature search and screening, conducted study evaluation, performed data extraction and summarized and integrated the evidence. Overall, 66 studies, consisting of in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological data, were included. We concluded that triphenyl phosphate could be identified as an ED based on metabolic disruption and reproductive function. We found that the tools used in this case study and the optimizations performed on the framework were suitable to assess properties of EDs. A number of challenges and areas for methodological development in systematic appraisal of evidence relating to endocrine disrupting potential were identified; significant time and effort were needed for the analysis of in vitro mechanistic data in this case study, thus increasing the workload and time needed to perform the systematic review process. Further research and development of this framework with regards to grey literature (non-peer-reviewed literature) search, harmonization of study evaluation methods, more consistent evidence integration approaches and a pre-defined method to assess links between adverse effect and endocrine activity are recommended. It would also be advantageous to conduct more case studies for a chemical with less data than TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T Bui
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | | | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Mafalda Castro
- Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Escrivá
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Audrey Galizia
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA
| | - Anda Gliga
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Paul Whaley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Erin Yost
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA
| | - Christina Rudén
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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Vryonidis E, Karlsson I, Aasa J, Carlsson H, Motwani HV, Pedersen M, Eriksson J, Törnqvist MÅ. Pathways to Identify Electrophiles In Vivo Using Hemoglobin Adducts: Hydroxypropanoic Acid Valine Adduct and Its Possible Precursors. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2227-2240. [PMID: 36395356 PMCID: PMC9768813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods and tools for the characterization of the human exposome by untargeted mass spectrometry approaches are advancing rapidly. Adductomics methods have been developed for untargeted screening of short-lived electrophiles, in the form of adducts to proteins or DNA, in vivo. The identification of an adduct and its precursor electrophile in the blood is more complex than that of stable chemicals. The present work aims to illustrate procedures for the identification of an adduct to N-terminal valine in hemoglobin detected with adductomics, and pathways for the tracing of its precursor and possible exposure sources. Identification of the adduct proceeded via preparation and characterization of standards of adduct analytes. Possible precursor(s) and exposure sources were investigated by measurements in blood of adduct formation by precursors in vitro and adduct levels in vivo. The adduct was identified as hydroxypropanoic acid valine (HPA-Val) by verification with a synthesized reference. The HPA-Val was measured together with other adducts (from acrylamide, glycidamide, glycidol, and acrylic acid) in human blood (n = 51, schoolchildren). The HPA-Val levels ranged between 6 and 76 pmol/g hemoglobin. The analysis of reference samples from humans and rodents showed that the HPA-Val adduct was observed in all studied samples. No correlation of the HPA-Val level with the other studied adducts was observed in humans, nor was an increase in tobacco smokers observed. A small increase was observed in rodents exposed to glycidol. The formation of the HPA-Val adduct upon incubation of blood with glycidic acid (an epoxide) was shown. The relatively high adduct levels observed in vivo in relation to the measured reactivity of the epoxide, and the fact that the epoxide is not described as naturally occurring, suggest that glycidic acid is not the only precursor of the HPA-Val adduct identified in vivo. Another endogenous electrophile is suspected to contribute to the in vivo HPA-Val adduct level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Vryonidis
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabella Karlsson
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Aasa
- Department
of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish
Food Agency, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Carlsson
- Department
of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hitesh V. Motwani
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Department
of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Å. Törnqvist
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
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Aasa J, Granath F, Törnqvist M. Cancer risk estimation of glycidol based on rodent carcinogenicity studies, a multiplicative risk model and in vivo dosimetry. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:54-60. [PMID: 30914355 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we evaluate a multiplicative (relative) risk model for improved cancer risk estimation of genotoxic compounds. According to this model, cancer risk is proportional to the background tumor incidence and to the internal dose of the genotoxic compound. Furthermore, the relative risk coefficient per internal dose is considered to be approximately the same across tumor sites, sex, and species. In the present study, we demonstrate that the relative risk model is valid for cancer risk estimation of glycidol, a common food contaminant. Published tumor data from glycidol carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats were evaluated in combination with internal dose estimates from hemoglobin adduct measurements in blood from mice and rats treated with glycidol in short-term studies. A good agreement between predicted and observed tumor incidence in responding sites was demonstrated in the animals, supporting a relative risk coefficient that is independent of tumor site, sex, and species. There was no significant difference between the risk coefficients for mice (5.1% per mMh) and rats (5.4% per mMh) when considering internal doses of glycidol. Altogether, this mechanism-based risk model gives a reliable risk coefficient, which then was extrapolated to humans considering internal dose, and background cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Aasa
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Granath
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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Aasa J, Vryonidis E, Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Törnqvist M. Internal Doses of Glycidol in Children and Estimation of Associated Cancer Risk. Toxics 2019; 7:E7. [PMID: 30717263 PMCID: PMC6468878 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The general population is exposed to the genotoxic carcinogen glycidol via food containing refined edible oils where glycidol is present in the form of fatty acid esters. In this study, internal (in vivo) doses of glycidol were determined in a cohort of 50 children and in a reference group of 12 adults (non-smokers and smokers). The lifetime in vivo doses and intakes of glycidol were calculated from the levels of the hemoglobin (Hb) adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine in blood samples from the subjects, demonstrating a fivefold variation between the children. The estimated mean intake (1.4 μg/kg/day) was about two times higher, compared to the estimated intake for children by the European Food Safety Authority. The data from adults indicate that the non-smoking and smoking subjects are exposed to about the same or higher levels compared to the children, respectively. The estimated lifetime cancer risk (200/10⁵) was calculated by a multiplicative risk model from the lifetime in vivo doses of glycidol in the children, and exceeds what is considered to be an acceptable cancer risk. The results emphasize the importance to further clarify exposure to glycidol and other possible precursors that could give a contribution to the observed adduct levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Aasa
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Efstathios Vryonidis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aasa J, Törnqvist M, Abramsson-Zetterberg L. Measurement of micronuclei and internal dose in mice demonstrates that 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) has no genotoxic potency in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:414-420. [PMID: 28917435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), a compound that appears as contaminant in refined cooking oils, has been studied with regard to genotoxicity in vivo (mice) with simultaneous measurement of internal dose using state-of-the-art methodologies. Genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations) was measured by flow cytometry with dual lasers as the frequency of micronuclei in erythrocytes in peripheral blood from BalbC mice intraperitoneally exposed to 3-MCPD (0, 50, 75, 100, 125 mg/kg). The internal doses of 3-MCPD in the mice were calculated from N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-valine adducts to hemoglobin (Hb), quantified at very low levels by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Convincing evidence for absence of genotoxic potency in correlation to measured internal doses in the mice was demonstrated, despite relatively high administered doses of 3-MCPD. The results are discussed in relation to another food contaminant that is formed as ester in parallel to 3-MCPD esters in oil processing, i.e. glycidol, which has been studied previously by us in a similar experimental setup. Glycidol has been shown to be genotoxic, and in addition to have ca. 1000 times higher rate of adduct formation compared to that observed for 3-MCPD. The conclusion is that at simultaneous exposure to 3-MCPD and glycidol the concern about genotoxicity would be glycidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Aasa
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | - Lilianne Abramsson-Zetterberg
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden; National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Carlsson H, Aasa J, Kotova N, Vare D, Sousa PFM, Rydberg P, Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Törnqvist M. Adductomic Screening of Hemoglobin Adducts and Monitoring of Micronuclei in School-Age Children. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1157-1167. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Carlsson
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Aasa
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Vare
- Swedish National Food Agency, SE-751
26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pedro F. M. Sousa
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Rydberg
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Aasa J, Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Carlsson H, Törnqvist M. The genotoxic potency of glycidol established from micronucleus frequency and hemoglobin adduct levels in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 100:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aasa J, Vare D, Motwani HV, Jenssen D, Törnqvist M. Quantification of the mutagenic potency and repair of glycidol-induced DNA lesions. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2016; 805:38-45. [PMID: 27402481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycidol (Gly) is an electrophilic low-molecular weight epoxide that is classified by IARC as probably carcinogenic to humans. Humans might be exposed to Gly from food, e.g. refined vegetable oils, where Gly has been found as a food process contaminant. It is therefore important to investigate and quantify the genotoxicity of Gly as a primary step towards cancer risk assessment of the human exposure. Here, quantification of the mutagenic potency expressed per dose (AUC: area under the concentration-time curve) of Gly has been performed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, using the HPRT assay. The dose of Gly was estimated in the cell exposure medium by trapping Gly with a strong nucleophile, cob(I)alamin, to form stable cobalamin adducts for analysis by LC-MS/MS. Gly was stable in the exposure medium during the time for cell treatment, and thus the dose in vitro is the initial concentration×cell treatment time. Gly induced mutations in the hprt-gene at a rate of 0.08±0.01 mutations/10(5) cells/mMh. Through comparison with the effect of ionizing radiation in the same system a relative mutagenic potency of 9.5rad-eq./mMh was obtained, which could be used for comparison of genotoxicity of chemicals and between test systems and also in procedures for quantitative cancer risk assessment. Gly was shown to induce strand breaks, that were repaired by base excision repair. Furthermore, Gly-induced lesions, present during replication, were found to delay the replication fork elongation. From experiments with repair deficient cells, homologous recombination repair and the ERCC1-XPF complex were indicated to be recruited to support in the repair of the damage related to the stalled replication elongation. The type of DNA damage responsible for the mutagenic effect of Gly could not be concluded from the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Aasa
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Vare
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hitesh V Motwani
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dag Jenssen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aasa J, Hu Y, Eklund G, Lindgren A, Baranczewski P, Malmquist J, Turek D, Bueters T. Effect of Solvents on the Time-Dependent Inhibition of CYP3A4 and the Biotransformation of AZD3839 in Human Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 41:159-69. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.047597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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