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The Role of Exercise Training on Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413258. [PMID: 34948868 PMCID: PMC8703787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation leads to critical alterations of several tissues and organs that can promote the appearance of non-communicable diseases, a risk that is increased in adults with obesity. Exercise training may counteract low-grade systemic inflammation, but there is a lack of consensus on how cytokines are modulated by training in adults with obesity. This study aimed of examining the effects of exercise training on circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adults with overweight and obesity, and whether exercise-induced fat mass reduction could mediate that effect. The search was conducted on Medline (Pubmed), SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases from January 1998 to August 2021, using keywords pertaining to inflammation, exercise, and obesity. A total of 27 studies were selected, in which the circulating concentration levels of cytokines were analyzed. Endurance training (ET) decreased circulating CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. TNF-α was reduced after resistance and concurrent training (CT), while IL-10 increased after resistance training (RT). Changes in IL-10 and CRP coincided with fat mass reduction, while decreased TNF-α levels were concomitant with changes in IL-6 and IL-10. Exercise training may reduce systemic low-grade inflammation profile in adults with overweight and obesity.
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Butyrate and Metformin Affect Energy Metabolism Independently of the Metabolic Phenotype in the Tumor Therapy Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121831. [PMID: 34944475 PMCID: PMC8699353 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The BALB/c cell transformation assay (BALB-CTA) considers inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneities and affords the possibility of a direct comparison between untransformed and malignant cells. In the present study, we established monoclonal cell lines that originate from the BALB-CTA and mimic heterogeneous tumor cell populations, in order to investigate phenotype-specific effects of the anti-diabetic drug metformin and the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Growth inhibitory effects were measured with a ViCell XR cell counter. The BALB/c tumor therapy model (BALB-TTM) was performed, and the extracellular glucose level was measured in the medium supernatant. Using a Seahorse Analyzer, the metabolic phenotypes of four selected clones were characterized, and effects on energy metabolism were investigated. Anti-carcinogenic effects and reduced glucose uptake after butyrate application were observed in the BALB-TTM. Metabolic characterization of the cell clones revealed three different phenotypes. Surprisingly, treatment with metformin or butyrate induced opposite metabolic shifts with similar patterns in all cell clones tested. In conclusion, the BALB-TTM is a relevant model for mechanistic cancer research, and the generation of monoclonal cell lines offers a novel possibility to investigate specific drug effects in a heterogeneous tumor cell population. The results indicate that induced alterations in energy metabolism seem to be independent of the original metabolic phenotype.
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Pérez-López A, Gonzalo-Encabo P, Pérez-Köhler B, García-Honduvilla N, Valadés D. Circulating myokines IL-6, IL-15 and FGF21 response to training is altered by exercise type but not by menopause in women with obesity. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1426-1435. [PMID: 34086518 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1939430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of a time-matched endurance vs. concurrent training on circulating IL-6, IL-13, IL-15, IL-15Ra, FGF21 levels in postmenopausal women with obesity, and to determine these myokines response to endurance training pre- and postmenopause. Thirty-five sedentary postmenopausal women with obesity were randomly divided into endurance training (EN1, N = 10), concurrent training (CON, N = 13) or no training group (CT, N = 12). Additionally, twelve sedentary premenopausal women with obesity were added to an endurance training group (EN2, N = 12). Participants took part in a 12-week supervised intervention, performing 3 sessions/week of 60 min/session. Before and after the interventions, body composition and fitness were assessed, and blood samples obtained to measure serum myokines levels. Total fat mass decreased in all exercised groups (CON,-5.2%; EN1,-5.3%; EN2,-5.6%). In postmenopausal women, serum IL-6, IL-15 and IL-15Ra decreased after training (P<0.01), finding a pronounced reduction in IL-6 (-42% vs. -16%) and IL-15 (-50% vs. -31%) when comparing EN1 to CON (P<0.05). Serum FGF21 was only reduced in the EN1 (-27%; P=0.012). While EN1 and EN2 comparison, reported differences for IL-15Rα concentration (-28% vs. -40%; P=0.023). Finally, in EN2, the delta change of fat mass and IL-6, IL-15 and IL-15Rα were associated (r = 0.605; r = 0.546; r = 0.515; P<0.05). IL-13 showed undetected concentrations. Circulating IL-6, IL-15 and FGF21 response to training is altered by exercise type but not by menopause in women with obesity. Endurance training promotes a higher reduction of these myokines, potentially activating their intricate immune and fat mass regulation roles in postmenopausal women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pérez-López
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Área de Educación Física y Deportiva, Madrid, España
| | - Paola Gonzalo-Encabo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Área de Educación Física y Deportiva, Madrid, España.,Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Madrid, España
| | - Bárbara Pérez-Köhler
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Madrid, España.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Madrid, España.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,University Center of Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Valadés
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Área de Educación Física y Deportiva, Madrid, España
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Meyer FB, Goebel S, Spangel SB, Leovsky C, Hoelzer D, Thierbach R. Metformin alters therapeutic effects in the BALB/c tumor therapy model. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:629. [PMID: 34044797 PMCID: PMC8161985 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite considerable medical proceedings, cancer is still a leading cause of death. Major problems for tumor therapy are chemoresistance as well as toxic side effects. In recent years, the additional treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin during chemotherapy showed promising results in some cases. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro tumor therapy model in order to further investigate the potential of a combined chemotherapy with metformin. Methods Cytotoxic effects of a combined treatment on BALB/c fibroblasts were proven by the resazurin assay. Based on the BALB/c cell transformation assay, the BALB/c tumor therapy model was established successfully with four different and widely used chemotherapeutics from different categories. Namely, Doxorubicin as a type-II isomerase inhibitor, Docetaxel as a spindle toxin, Mitomycin C as an alkylating agent and 5-Fluorouracil as an antimetabolite. Moreover, glucose consumption in the medium supernatant was measured and protein expressions were determined by Western Blotting. Results Initial tests for the combined treatment with metformin indicated unexpected results as metformin could partly mitigate the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents. These results were further confirmed as metformin induced resistance to some of the drugs when applied simultaneously in the tumor therapy model. Mechanistically, an increased glucose consumption was observed in non-transformed cells as well as in the mixed population of malignant transformed cell foci and non-transformed monolayer cells, suggesting that metformin could also increase glucose consumption in transformed cells. Conclusion In conclusion, this study suggests a cautious use of metformin during chemotherapy. Moreover, the BALB/c tumor therapy model offers a potent tool for further mechanistic studies of drug-drug interactions during cancer therapy. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08354-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix B Meyer
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Goebel
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Sonja B Spangel
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Leovsky
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Doerte Hoelzer
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - René Thierbach
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany.
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Pan J, Kothan S, Liu L, Moe ATM, Dong L, Sun Y, Yang Y. Autophagy participants in the dedifferentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes triggered by hypofunction of insulin signaling. Cell Signal 2021; 80:109911. [PMID: 33422645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous data indicate that both insulin and IGF-1 signallings dysfunction promotes the dedifferentiation of primary human and mouse white adipocytes. Based on the fact that insulin activates mTOR and inhibits autophagy, and autophagy deficiency can inhibit the differentiation of white adipocytes, we speculate that autophagy may be related to the dedifferentiation of white adipocytes. We investigated the underlying mechanism of autophagy during dedifferentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. After incomplete inhibition of insulin and IGF-1 signallings, 3T3-L1 adipocytes manifest dedifferentiation accompanied with an increase of autophagy level. If induction only of autophagy in the adipocytes, then the cells also occur somewhat dedifferentiation, and with a slight decrease of insulin signal, while its degree was weaker than insulin signal inhibited cells. Notably, after inhibition of the insulin and IGF-1 signallings and simultaneously inducing autophagy, the dedifferentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was the most obvious compared with other groups, and the insulin and IGF-1 signallings decreases was greater than the cells with inhibition only of insulin signalling. If inhibition of both insulin signal and autophagy simultaneously, the dedifferentiation of the adipocytes reveals similar tendencies to the cells that insulin signal was inhibited. No significant dedifferentiation occurs of 3T3-L1 cells if only inhibition of autophagy. Taken all together, in this study, we proved that autophagy is positively related to the dedifferentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is regulated through the insulin-PI3K-AKT-mTOCR1-autophagy pathway. Autophagy may also has a certain degree of negative feedback affect on the insulin signalling of 3T3-L1 cells. Our work may help to better understand the biological properties of mature adipocytes and may help formulate anti-obesity strategies by regulating insulin and insulin signaling level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Laihao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Aye Thidar Moe Moe
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Liwei Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Jiang S, Ren X, Liu S, Lu Z, Xu A, Qin C, Wang Z. Integrated Analysis of the Prognosis-Associated RNA-Binding Protein Genes and Candidate Drugs in Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:627508. [PMID: 33643390 PMCID: PMC7907657 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play significant roles in various cancer types. However, the functions of RBPs have not been clarified in renal papillary cell carcinoma (pRCC). In this study, we identified 31 downregulated and 89 upregulated differentially expressed RBPs on the basis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and performed functional enrichment analyses. Subsequently, through univariate Cox, random survival forest, and multivariate Cox regression analysis, six RBPs of SNRPN, RRS1, INTS8, RBPMS2, IGF2BP3, and PIH1D2 were screened out, and the prognostic model was then established. Further analyses revealed that the high-risk group had poor overall survival. The area under the curve values were 0.87 and 0.75 at 3 years and 0.78 and 0.69 at 5 years in the training set and test set, respectively. We then plotted a nomogram on the basis of the six RBPs and tumor stage with the substantiation in the TCGA cohort. Moreover, we selected two intersectant RBPs and evaluate their biological effects by GSEA and predicted three drugs, including STOCK1N-28457, pyrimethamine, and trapidil by using the Connectivity Map. Our research provided a novel insight into pRCC and improved the determination of prognosis and individualized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwen Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiming Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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A Zebrafish Acromegaly Model Elevates DNA Damage and Impairs DNA Repair Pathways. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7040047. [PMID: 30336646 PMCID: PMC6315448 DOI: 10.3390/biology7040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a pathological condition due to excess growth hormone (GH) secretion. Acromegaly patients exhibit a deterioration of health and many associated complications, such as cardiovascular issues, arthritis, kidney diseases, muscular weakness, and colon cancer. Since these complications are generalized throughout the body, we investigated the effect of GH excess on cellular integrity. Here, we established stable acromegaly model zebrafish lines that overexpress tilapia GH and the red fluorescence protein (RFP) reporter gene for tracking GH gene expression throughout generations, and performed RNA-Seq data analysis from different organs. Intriguingly, heatmap and Expression2Kinases (X2K) analysis revealed the enrichment of DNA damage markers in various organs. Moreover, H2A.X immunostaining analysis in acromegaly zebrafish larvae and the adult acromegaly model brain and muscle showed a robust increase in the number of DNA-damaged cells. Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we found that the acromegaly zebrafish model had impaired DNA repair pathways in the liver, such as double-strand break (DSB), homologous recombination repair (HRR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and translesion synthesis (TLS). Interestingly, the impairment of DNA repair was even more prominent in acromegaly model than in aged zebrafish (three years old). Thus, our study demonstrates that affection of cellular integrity is characteristic of acromegaly.
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Tajima K, Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Yamazaki S, Okuyama T, Kyohara M, Konishi H, Terauchi Y. Metabolic recovery of lipodystrophy, liver steatosis, and pancreatic β cell proliferation after the withdrawal of OSI-906. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646158 PMCID: PMC5482874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor signaling via insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) plays several important roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. OSI-906 (linsitinib), an anti-tumor drug, is an orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of IR and IGF1R. To investigate the recovery from metabolic changes induced by the acute inhibition of IR and IGF1R in adult mice, mice were treated with OSI-906 or a vehicle for 7 days and the results were analyzed on the last day of injection (Day 7) or after 7 or 21 days of withdrawal (Day 14 or Day 28). On day 7, the visceral white fat mass was significantly reduced in mice treated with OSI-906 accompanied by a reduced expression of leptin and an increased expression of the lipolysis-related genes Lpl and Atgl. Interestingly, the lipoatrophy and the observed changes in gene expression were completely reversed on day 14. Similarly, liver steatosis and β cell proliferation were transiently observed on day 7 but had disappeared by day 14. Taken together, these results suggest that this model for the acute inhibition of systemic IR/IGF1R signaling may be useful for investigating the recovery from metabolic disorders induced by impaired growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromi Konishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan, 236-0004, Japan.
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