1
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Zhang B, Jia C, Li M, Wang K, Chen J, Zhao J. Multiomics integration for the function of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in the larval settlement of marine sponges. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1268813. [PMID: 38468855 PMCID: PMC10925772 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1268813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain a variety of chemical compounds and play significant roles in maintaining symbiotic relationships in a changing ocean, but little is known about their function, particularly in sponge larval development. During the growth of sponge Tedania sp., OMVs from Bacteroidetes species significantly promoted larval settlement, and Tenacibaculum mesophilum SP-7-OMVs were selected as a representative strain for further investigation. According to OMVs metabolomics, larval settlement might be connected to organic acids and derivatives. The multiomics analysis of the T. mesophilum genome, SP-7-OMVs metabolome, and larval transcriptome revealed 47 shared KEGG pathways. Among the number of candidate metabolites, arginine was chosen for its greater ability to increase the settlement rate and its role as the principal substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis of sponge larvae. In summary, these results demonstrated that sponge-associated bacteria might utilize OMVs and their cargo to support host development and make up for host metabolic pathway deficiencies. This study enhances our fundamental knowledge of OMVs in interactions between metazoan hosts and microorganisms that are crucial in the coevolution of marine ecosystems and the complex marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenzheng Jia
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration (USER), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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2
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Rosner A, Ballarin L, Barnay-Verdier S, Borisenko I, Drago L, Drobne D, Concetta Eliso M, Harbuzov Z, Grimaldi A, Guy-Haim T, Karahan A, Lynch I, Giulia Lionetto M, Martinez P, Mehennaoui K, Oruc Ozcan E, Pinsino A, Paz G, Rinkevich B, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Cambier S. A broad-taxa approach as an important concept in ecotoxicological studies and pollution monitoring. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:131-176. [PMID: 37698089 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates play a pivotal role in (eco)toxicological assessments because they offer ethical, cost-effective and repeatable testing options. Additionally, their significance in the food chain and their ability to represent diverse aquatic ecosystems make them valuable subjects for (eco)toxicological studies. To ensure consistency and comparability across studies, international (eco)toxicology guidelines have been used to establish standardised methods and protocols for data collection, analysis and interpretation. However, the current standardised protocols primarily focus on a limited number of aquatic invertebrate species, mainly from Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida. These protocols are suitable for basic toxicity screening, effectively assessing the immediate and severe effects of toxic substances on organisms. For more comprehensive and ecologically relevant assessments, particularly those addressing long-term effects and ecosystem-wide impacts, we recommended the use of a broader diversity of species, since the present choice of taxa exacerbates the limited scope of basic ecotoxicological studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of (eco)toxicological studies, focusing on major aquatic invertebrate taxa and how they are used to assess the impact of chemicals in diverse aquatic environments. The present work supports the use of a broad-taxa approach in basic environmental assessments, as it better represents the natural populations inhabiting various ecosystems. Advances in omics and other biochemical and computational techniques make the broad-taxa approach more feasible, enabling mechanistic studies on non-model organisms. By combining these approaches with in vitro techniques together with the broad-taxa approach, researchers can gain insights into less-explored impacts of pollution, such as changes in population diversity, the development of tolerance and transgenerational inheritance of pollution responses, the impact on organism phenotypic plasticity, biological invasion outcomes, social behaviour changes, metabolome changes, regeneration phenomena, disease susceptibility and tissue pathologies. This review also emphasises the need for harmonised data-reporting standards and minimum annotation checklists to ensure that research results are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR), maximising the use and reusability of data. The ultimate goal is to encourage integrated and holistic problem-focused collaboration between diverse scientific disciplines, international standardisation organisations and decision-making bodies, with a focus on transdisciplinary knowledge co-production for the One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice, 28 avenue Valombrose, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Ilya Borisenko
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Embryology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya embankment 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Laura Drago
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1111, Slovenia
| | - Maria Concetta Eliso
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zoya Harbuzov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Koushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, Varese, 3-21100, Italy
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Arzu Karahan
- Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Erdemli-Mersin, PO 28, 33731, Turkey
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Giulia Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via prov. le Lecce -Monteroni, Lecce, I-73100, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, I-90133, Italy
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Elif Oruc Ozcan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Balcali, Saricam, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Guy Paz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
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3
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Chemical cognition: chemoconnectomics and convergent evolution of integrative systems in animals. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1851-1864. [PMID: 38015282 PMCID: PMC11106658 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurons underpin cognition in animals. However, the roots of animal cognition are elusive from both mechanistic and evolutionary standpoints. Two conceptual frameworks both highlight and promise to address these challenges. First, we discuss evidence that animal neural and other integrative systems evolved more than once (convergent evolution) within basal metazoan lineages, giving us unique experiments by Nature for future studies. The most remarkable examples are neural systems in ctenophores and neuroid-like systems in placozoans and sponges. Second, in addition to classical synaptic wiring, a chemical connectome mediated by hundreds of signal molecules operates in tandem with neurons and is the most information-rich source of emerging properties and adaptability. The major gap-dynamic, multifunctional chemical micro-environments in nervous systems-is not understood well. Thus, novel tools and information are needed to establish mechanistic links between orchestrated, yet cell-specific, volume transmission and behaviors. Uniting what we call chemoconnectomics and analyses of the cellular bases of behavior in basal metazoan lineages arguably would form the foundation for deciphering the origins and early evolution of elementary cognition and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, USA.
| | - Daria Y Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Xiang X, Vilar Gomez AA, Blomberg SP, Yuan H, Degnan BM, Degnan SM. Potential for host-symbiont communication via neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in an aneural animal, the marine sponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1250694. [PMID: 37841893 PMCID: PMC10570526 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1250694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interkingdom signalling within a holobiont allows host and symbionts to communicate and to regulate each other's physiological and developmental states. Here we show that a suite of signalling molecules that function as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in most animals with nervous systems, specifically dopamine and trace amines, are produced exclusively by the bacterial symbionts of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Although sponges do not possess a nervous system, A. queenslandica expresses rhodopsin class G-protein-coupled receptors that are structurally similar to dopamine and trace amine receptors. When sponge larvae, which express these receptors, are exposed to agonists and antagonists of bilaterian dopamine and trace amine receptors, we observe marked changes in larval phototactic swimming behaviour, consistent with the sponge being competent to recognise and respond to symbiont-derived trace amine signals. These results indicate that monoamines synthesised by bacterial symbionts may be able to influence the physiology of the host sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandie M. Degnan
- Centre for Marine Science, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Moeller FU, Herbold CW, Schintlmeister A, Mooshammer M, Motti C, Glasl B, Kitzinger K, Behnam F, Watzka M, Schweder T, Albertsen M, Richter A, Webster NS, Wagner M. Taurine as a key intermediate for host-symbiont interaction in the tropical sponge Ianthella basta. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1208-1223. [PMID: 37188915 PMCID: PMC10356861 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges are critical components of marine benthic fauna assemblages, where their filter-feeding and reef-building capabilities provide bentho-pelagic coupling and crucial habitat. As potentially the oldest representation of a metazoan-microbe symbiosis, they also harbor dense, diverse, and species-specific communities of microbes, which are increasingly recognized for their contributions to dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing. Recent omics-based studies of marine sponge microbiomes have proposed numerous pathways of dissolved metabolite exchange between the host and symbionts within the context of the surrounding environment, but few studies have sought to experimentally interrogate these pathways. By using a combination of metaproteogenomics and laboratory incubations coupled with isotope-based functional assays, we showed that the dominant gammaproteobacterial symbiont, 'Candidatus Taurinisymbion ianthellae', residing in the marine sponge, Ianthella basta, expresses a pathway for the import and dissimilation of taurine, a ubiquitously occurring sulfonate metabolite in marine sponges. 'Candidatus Taurinisymbion ianthellae' incorporates taurine-derived carbon and nitrogen while, at the same time, oxidizing the dissimilated sulfite into sulfate for export. Furthermore, we found that taurine-derived ammonia is exported by the symbiont for immediate oxidation by the dominant ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaeal symbiont, 'Candidatus Nitrosospongia ianthellae'. Metaproteogenomic analyses also suggest that 'Candidatus Taurinisymbion ianthellae' imports DMSP and possesses both pathways for DMSP demethylation and cleavage, enabling it to use this compound as a carbon and sulfur source for biomass, as well as for energy conservation. These results highlight the important role of biogenic sulfur compounds in the interplay between Ianthella basta and its microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian U Moeller
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig W Herbold
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Large-Instrument Facility for Environmental and Isotope Mass Spectrometry, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cherie Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Bettina Glasl
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kitzinger
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faris Behnam
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Large-Instrument Facility for Environmental and Isotope Mass Spectrometry, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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6
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Locascio A, Annona G, Caccavale F, D'Aniello S, Agnisola C, Palumbo A. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11182. [PMID: 37446358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities and functions of this simple gas has increased considerably by extending studies to non-mammal vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we report the nitric oxide synthase (Nos) genes so far characterized in chordates and provide an extensive, detailed, and comparative analysis of the function of NO in the aquatic chordates tunicates, cephalochordates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. This comprehensive set of data adds new elements to our understanding of Nos evolution, from the single gene commonly found in invertebrates to the three genes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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7
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He J, Wang P, Wang Z, Feng D, Zhang D. TRPM7-Mediated Ca2+ Regulates Mussel Settlement through the CaMKKβ-AMPK-SGF1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065399. [PMID: 36982474 PMCID: PMC10049526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many marine invertebrates have planktonic larval and benthic juvenile/adult stages. When the planktonic larvae are fully developed, they must find a favorable site to settle and metamorphose into benthic juveniles. This transition from a planktonic to a benthic mode of life is a complex behavioral process involving substrate searching and exploration. Although the mechanosensitive receptor in the tactile sensor has been implicated in sensing and responding to surfaces of the substrates, few have been unambiguously identified. Recently, we identified that the mechanosensitive transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) channel, highly expressed in the larval foot of the mussel Mytilospsis sallei, was involved in substrate exploration for settlement. Here, we show that the TRPM7-mediated Ca2+ signal was involved in triggering the larval settlement of M. sallei through the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β/AMP-activated protein kinase/silk gland factor 1 (CaMKKβ-AMPK-SGF1) pathway. It was found that M. sallei larvae preferred the stiff surfaces for settlement, on which TRPM7, CaMKKβ, AMPK, and SGF1 were highly expressed. These findings will help us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of larval settlement in marine invertebrates, and will provide insights into the potential targets for developing environmentally friendly antifouling coatings for fouling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (D.F.)
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Danqing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (D.F.)
| | - Dun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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8
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Han Y, Li B, Li Y, Niu D. The Inhibitory Effects of RNA-Interference-Mediated Guanylate Cyclase Knockdown on Larval Metamorphosis and Early Progeny Growth of Razor Clam. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:459. [PMID: 36833386 PMCID: PMC9956218 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanylate cyclase (GC, cGMPase) is a key enzyme in organisms, catalyzing the synthesis of cGMP from GTP, thus making cGMP work. cGMP plays a vital role in the regulation of cell and biological growth as a second messenger in signaling pathways. In this study, we screened and identified cGMPase from the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, which encoded 1257 amino acids and was widely expressed in different tissues, especially the gill and liver. We also screened one double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), cGMPase, which was used to knockdown cGMPase at three larval metamorphosis development stages: trochophores-veliger larve, veliger larve-umbo larve, and umbo larve-creeping larvae. We showed that interference at these stages significantly inhibited larval metamorphosis and survival rates. cGMPase knockdown resulted in an average metamorphosis rate of 60% and an average mortality rate of 50% when compared with control clams. After 50 days, shell length and body weight were inhibited to 53% and 66%, respectively. Thus, cGMPase appeared to regulate metamorphosis development and growth in S. constricta. By examining the role of the key gene in the metamorphosis development of S. constricta larvae and the growth and development period, we can provide some data reference for studying the growth and development mechanism of shellfish, and the results provided basic information for the breeding of S. constricta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Han
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Donghong Niu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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9
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Moroz LL, Mukherjee K, Romanova DY. Nitric oxide signaling in ctenophores. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1125433. [PMID: 37034176 PMCID: PMC10073611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1125433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most ancient and versatile signal molecules across all domains of life. NO signaling might also play an essential role in the origin of animal organization. Yet, practically nothing is known about the distribution and functions of NO-dependent signaling pathways in representatives of early branching metazoans such as Ctenophora. Here, we explore the presence and organization of NO signaling components using Mnemiopsis and kin as essential reference species. We show that NO synthase (NOS) is present in at least eight ctenophore species, including Euplokamis and Coeloplana, representing the most basal ctenophore lineages. However, NOS could be secondarily lost in many other ctenophores, including Pleurobrachia and Beroe. In Mnemiopsis leidyi, NOS is present both in adult tissues and differentially expressed in later embryonic stages suggesting the involvement of NO in developmental mechanisms. Ctenophores also possess soluble guanylyl cyclases as potential NO receptors with weak but differential expression across tissues. Combined, these data indicate that the canonical NO-cGMP signaling pathways existed in the common ancestor of animals and could be involved in the control of morphogenesis, cilia activities, feeding and different behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Leonid L. Moroz, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-1333-3176
| | - Krishanu Mukherjee
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Daria Y. Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Yuan H, Hatleberg WL, Degnan BM, Degnan SM. Gene activation of metazoan Fox transcription factors at the onset of metamorphosis in the marine demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:455-468. [PMID: 36155915 PMCID: PMC9828451 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors encoded by the Forkhead (Fox) gene family have diverse, sometimes conserved, regulatory roles in eumetazoan development, immunity, and physiology. Although this gene family includes members that predate the origin of the animal kingdom, the majority of metazoan Fox genes evolved after the divergence of animals and choanoflagellates. Here, we characterize the composition, structure, and expression of Fox genes in the marine demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica to better understand the origin and evolution of this family. The Fox gene repertoire in A. queenslandica appears to be similar to the ancestral metazoan Fox gene family. All 17 A. queenslandica Fox genes are differentially expressed during development and in adult cell types. Remarkably, eight of these, all of which appear to be metazoan-specific, are induced within just 1 h of larval settlement and commencement of metamorphosis. Gene co-expression analyses suggest that these eight Fox genes regulate developmental and physiological processes similar to their roles in other animals. These findings are consistent with Fox genes playing deeply ancestral roles in animal development and physiology, including in response to changes in the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yuan
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - William L. Hatleberg
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bernard M. Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sandie M. Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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11
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Engelberts JP, Abdul Wahab MA, Maldonado M, Rix L, Marangon E, Robbins SJ, Wagner M, Webster NS. Microbes from Mum: symbiont transmission in the tropical reef sponge Ianthella basta. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:90. [PMID: 37938734 PMCID: PMC9723589 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Most marine sponge species harbour distinct communities of microorganisms which contribute to various aspects of their host's health and physiology. In addition to their key roles in nutrient transformations and chemical defence, these symbiotic microbes can shape sponge phenotype by mediating important developmental stages and influencing the environmental tolerance of the host. However, the characterisation of each microbial taxon throughout a sponge's life cycle remains challenging, with several sponge species hosting up to 3000 distinct microbial species. Ianthella basta, an abundant broadcast spawning species in the Indo-Pacific, is an emerging model for sponge symbiosis research as it harbours only three dominant symbionts: a Thaumarchaeotum, a Gammaproteobacterium, and an Alphaproteobacterium. Here, we successfully spawned Ianthella basta, characterised its mode of reproduction, and used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and transmission electron microscopy to characterise the microbial community throughout its life cycle. We confirmed I. basta as being gonochoric and showed that the three dominant symbionts, which together make up >90% of the microbiome according to 16S rRNA gene abundance, are vertically transmitted from mother to offspring by a unique method involving encapsulation in the peri-oocytic space, suggesting an obligate relationship between these microbes and their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pamela Engelberts
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Manuel Maldonado
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Rix
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Marangon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven J Robbins
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia
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12
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Gilbert E, Teeling C, Lebedeva T, Pedersen S, Chrismas N, Genikhovich G, Modepalli V. Molecular and cellular architecture of the larval sensory organ in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. Development 2022; 149:276422. [PMID: 36000354 PMCID: PMC9481973 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cnidarians are the only non-bilaterian group to evolve ciliated larvae with an apical sensory organ, which is possibly homologous to the apical organs of bilaterian primary larvae. Here, we generated transcriptomes of the apical tissue in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and showed that it has a unique neuronal signature. By integrating previously published larval single-cell data with our apical transcriptomes, we discovered that the apical domain comprises a minimum of six distinct cell types. We show that the apical organ is compartmentalised into apical tuft cells (spot) and larval-specific neurons (ring). Finally, we identify ISX-like (NVE14554), a PRD class homeobox gene specifically expressed in apical tuft cells, as an FGF signalling-dependent transcription factor responsible for the formation of the apical tuft domain via repression of the neural ring fate in apical cells. With this study, we contribute a comparison of the molecular anatomy of apical organs, which must be carried out across phyla to determine whether this crucial larval structure evolved once or multiple times. Summary:ISX-like homeobox gene is an FGF signalling-dependent transcription factor responsible for the formation of the apical tuft in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Gilbert
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth 2 , Plymouth, PL4 8AA , UK
| | - Callum Teeling
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth 2 , Plymouth, PL4 8AA , UK
| | - Tatiana Lebedeva
- University of Vienna 3 Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences , , Vienna, 1030 , Austria
- Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, University of Vienna 4 , Vienna, 1030 , Austria
| | - Siffreya Pedersen
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Chrismas
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
| | - Grigory Genikhovich
- University of Vienna 3 Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences , , Vienna, 1030 , Austria
| | - Vengamanaidu Modepalli
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
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13
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Wong E, Anggono V, Williams SR, Degnan SM, Degnan BM. Phototransduction in a marine sponge provides insights into the origin of animal vision. iScience 2022; 25:104436. [PMID: 35707725 PMCID: PMC9189025 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organisms respond to light. Here, we investigate the origin of metazoan phototransduction by comparing well-characterized opsin-based photosystems in neural animals with those in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Although sponges lack neurons and opsins, they can respond rapidly to light. In Amphimedon larvae, this is guided by the light-sensing posterior pigment ring. We first use cell-type-specific transcriptomes to reveal that genes that characterize eumetazoan Gt- and Go-mediated photosystems are enriched in the pigment ring. We then apply a suite of signaling pathway agonists and antagonists to swimming larvae exposed to directional light. These experiments implicate metabotropic glutamate receptors, phospholipase-C, protein kinase C, and voltage-gated calcium channels in larval phototaxis; the inhibition of phospholipase-C, a key transducer of the Gq-mediated pathway, completely reverses phototactic behavior. Together, these results are consistent with aneural sponges sharing with neural metazoans an ancestral set of photosignaling pathways. Amphimedon larvae are negatively phototactic but lack neurons and opsins Sponge larval photosensory cells are enriched in conserved phototransduction genes Conserved photosignaling pathways appear to be controlling larval phototaxis Phototactic behavior is reversed by the inhibition of phospholipase-C
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen R Williams
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bernard M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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14
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Reyes-Rivera J, Wu Y, Guthrie BG, Marletta MA, King N, Brunet T. Nitric oxide signaling controls collective contractions in a colonial choanoflagellate. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2539-2547.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Locascio A, Vassalli QA, Castellano I, Palumbo A. Novel Insights on Nitric Oxide Synthase and NO Signaling in Ascidian Metamorphosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073505. [PMID: 35408864 PMCID: PMC8999111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a pivotal signaling molecule involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. We investigated NOS/NO localization patterns during the different stages of larval development in the ascidia Ciona robusta and evidenced a specific and temporally controlled pattern. NOS/NO expression starts in the most anterior sensory structures of the early larva and progressively moves towards the caudal portion as larval development and metamorphosis proceeds. We here highlight the pattern of NOS/NO expression in the central and peripheral nervous system of Ciona larvae which precisely follows the progression of neural signals of the central pattern generator necessary for the control of the movements of the larva towards the substrate. This highly dynamic localization profile perfectly matches with the central role played by NO from the first phase of settlement induction to the next control of swimming behavior, adhesion to substrate and progressive tissue resorption and reorganization of metamorphosis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Quirino Attilio Vassalli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.P.)
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16
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Mohanty I, Moore SG, Biggs JS, Freeman CJ, Gaul DA, Garg N, Agarwal V. Stereochemical Assignment and Absolute Abundance of Nonproteinogenic Amino Acid Homoarginine in Marine Sponges. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33200-33205. [PMID: 34901671 PMCID: PMC8656204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Together with arginine, the nonproteinogenic amino acid homoarginine is a substrate for the production of vasodilator nitric oxide in the human body. In marine sponges, homoarginine has been postulated to serve as a precursor for the biosynthesis of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid and bromotyrosine alkaloid classes of natural products. The absolute abundance of homoarginine, its abundance relative to arginine, and its stereochemical assignment in marine sponges are not known. Here, using stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry, we quantify the absolute abundances of homoarginine and arginine in marine sponges. We find that the abundance of homoarginine is highly variable and can far exceed the concentration of arginine, even in sponges where incorporation of homoarginine in natural products cannot be rationalized. The [homoarginine]/[arginine] ratio in marine sponges is greater than that in human analytes. By derivatization of sponge extracts with Marfey's reagent and comparison with authentic standards, we determine the l-isomer of homoarginine to be exclusively present in sponges. Our results shed light on the presence of the high abundance of homoarginine in marine sponge metabolomes and provide the foundation to investigate the biosynthetic routes and physiological roles of this nonproteinogenic amino acid in sponge physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jason S. Biggs
- University
of Guam Marine Laboratory, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, United States
| | - Christopher J. Freeman
- Department
of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
- Smithsonian
Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - David A. Gaul
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Neha Garg
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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17
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Cavalcanti GS, Alker AT, Delherbe N, Malter KE, Shikuma NJ. The Influence of Bacteria on Animal Metamorphosis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 74:137-158. [PMID: 32905754 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-011320-012753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The swimming larvae of many marine animals identify a location on the seafloor to settle and undergo metamorphosis based on the presence of specific surface-bound bacteria. While bacteria-stimulated metamorphosis underpins processes such as the fouling of ship hulls, animal development in aquaculture, and the recruitment of new animals to coral reef ecosystems, little is known about the mechanisms governing this microbe-animal interaction. Here we review what is known and what we hope to learn about how bacteria and the factors they produce stimulate animal metamorphosis. With a few emerging model systems, including the tubeworm Hydroides elegans, corals, and the hydrozoan Hydractinia, we have begun to identify bacterial cues that stimulate animal metamorphosis and test hypotheses addressing their mechanisms of action. By understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria promote animal metamorphosis, we begin to illustrate how, and explore why, the developmental decision of metamorphosis relies on cues from environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle S Cavalcanti
- Viral Information Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA; , , , ,
| | - Amanda T Alker
- Viral Information Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA; , , , ,
| | - Nathalie Delherbe
- Viral Information Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA; , , , ,
| | - Kyle E Malter
- Viral Information Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA; , , , ,
| | - Nicholas J Shikuma
- Viral Information Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA; , , , ,
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18
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Jékely G. The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20190761. [PMID: 33550946 PMCID: PMC7935135 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In nervous systems, there are two main modes of transmission for the propagation of activity between cells. Synaptic transmission relies on close contact at chemical or electrical synapses while volume transmission is mediated by diffusible chemical signals and does not require direct contact. It is possible to wire complex neuronal networks by both chemical and synaptic transmission. Both types of networks are ubiquitous in nervous systems, leading to the question which of the two appeared first in evolution. This paper explores a scenario where chemically organized cellular networks appeared before synapses in evolution, a possibility supported by the presence of complex peptidergic signalling in all animals except sponges. Small peptides are ideally suited to link up cells into chemical networks. They have unlimited diversity, high diffusivity and high copy numbers derived from repetitive precursors. But chemical signalling is diffusion limited and becomes inefficient in larger bodies. To overcome this, peptidergic cells may have developed projections and formed synaptically connected networks tiling body surfaces and displaying synchronized activity with pulsatile peptide release. The advent of circulatory systems and neurohemal organs further reduced the constraint imposed on chemical signalling by diffusion. This could have contributed to the explosive radiation of peptidergic signalling systems in stem bilaterians. Neurosecretory centres in extant nervous systems are still predominantly chemically wired and coexist with the synaptic brain. This article is part of the theme issue 'Basal cognition: multicellularity, neurons and the cognitive lens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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19
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Truchado-Garcia M, Caccavale F, Grande C, D’Aniello S. Expression Pattern of Nitric Oxide Synthase during Development of the Marine Gastropod Mollusc, Crepidula fornicata. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020314. [PMID: 33671839 PMCID: PMC7926364 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) plays a key role in the induction of larval metamorphosis in several invertebrate phyla. The inhibition of the NO synthase in Crepidula fornicata, a molluscan model for evolutionary, developmental, and ecological research, has been demonstrated to block the initiation of metamorphosis highlighting that endogenous NO is crucial in the control of this developmental and morphological process. Nitric Oxide Synthase contributes to the development of shell gland, digestive gland and kidney, being expressed in cells that presumably correspond to FMRF-amide, serotoninergic and catecolaminergic neurons. Here we identified a single Nos gene in embryonic and larval transcriptomes of C. fornicata and studied its localization during development, through whole-mount in situ hybridization, in order to compare its expression pattern with that of other marine invertebrate animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Truchado-Garcia
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Cristina Grande
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.D.); Tel.: +34-91-4972359 (C.G.); +39-081-5833418 (S.D.)
| | - Salvatore D’Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.D.); Tel.: +34-91-4972359 (C.G.); +39-081-5833418 (S.D.)
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20
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Hadfield MG. Developmental Symbiosis: A Sponge Larva Needs Symbiotic Bacteria to Succeed on the Benthos. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R88-R90. [PMID: 33497640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae are processes of profound developmental, morphological, physiological and ecological change. That these processes in larvae of a marine sponge critically rely on products supplied by endosymbiotic bacteria signals the importance of developmental symbiosis among the most basal metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Hadfield
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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21
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Da-Anoy JP, Cabaitan PC, Conaco C. Warm temperature alters the chemical cue preference of Acropora tenuis and Heliopora coerulea larvae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111755. [PMID: 33120034 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Larvae released into the water column rely on chemical cues from the benthos for successful settlement. However, larval preference for substrates may be affected by rising seawater temperature brought about by global climate change. In this study, we examined the effect of elevated temperature on chemical cue preference by larvae of the scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis, and the octocoral, Heliopora coerulea, collected from northwestern Philippines. At ambient temperature (28 °C), both H. coerulea and A. tenuis larvae showed preference for substrates containing either crustose coralline algae or crude ethanolic extracts from conspecific or congeneric corals. In contrast, at higher temperature (30 °C), greater preference was shown for substrates containing the crude extract from conspecific or congeneric corals. These results demonstrate that elevated temperature can change larval substrate preference, which will have downstream impacts on crucial biological processes, such as larval settlement and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeric P Da-Anoy
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Patrick C Cabaitan
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Cecilia Conaco
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
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22
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Vogeler S, Carboni S, Li X, Nevejan N, Monaghan SJ, Ireland JH, Joyce A. Bivalves are NO different: nitric oxide as negative regulator of metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 33228520 PMCID: PMC7686737 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is presumed to be a regulator of metamorphosis in many invertebrate species, and although NO pathways have been comparatively well-investigated in gastropods, annelids and crustaceans, there has been very limited research on the effects of NO on metamorphosis in bivalve shellfish. RESULTS In this paper, we investigate the effects of NO pathway inhibitors and NO donors on metamorphosis induction in larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The nitric oxides synthase (NOS) inhibitors s-methylisothiourea hemisulfate salt (SMIS), aminoguanidine hemisulfate salt (AGH) and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) induced metamorphosis at 75, 76 and 83% respectively, and operating in a concentration-dependent manner. Additional induction of up to 54% resulted from exposures to 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, with which NO interacts to catalyse the synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Conversely, high concentrations of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside dihydrate in combination with metamorphosis inducers epinephrine, MK-801 or SMIS, significantly decreased metamorphosis, although a potential harmful effect of excessive NO unrelated to metamorphosis pathway cannot be excluded. Expression of CgNOS also decreased in larvae after metamorphosis regardless of the inducers used, but intensified again post-metamorphosis in spat. Fluorescent detection of NO in competent larvae with DAF-FM diacetate and localisation of the oyster nitric oxide synthase CgNOS expression by in-situ hybridisation showed that NO occurs primarily in two key larval structures, the velum and foot. cGMP was also detected in the foot using immunofluorescent assays, and is potentially involved in the foot's smooth muscle relaxation. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that the NO pathway acts as a negative regulator of metamorphosis in Pacific oyster larvae, and that NO reduction induces metamorphosis by inhibiting swimming or crawling behaviour, in conjunction with a cascade of additional neuroendocrine downstream responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vogeler
- Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergsgata 22 B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- South Australia Research and Development Institute Aquatic Sciences Centre, 2 Hamra Ave, West Beach, SA, 5024, Australia
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sean J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Jacqueline H Ireland
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Alyssa Joyce
- Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergsgata 22 B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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23
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Song H, Hewitt OH, Degnan SM. Arginine Biosynthesis by a Bacterial Symbiont Enables Nitric Oxide Production and Facilitates Larval Settlement in the Marine-Sponge Host. Curr Biol 2020; 31:433-437.e3. [PMID: 33220182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Larval settlement and metamorphosis are regulated by nitric oxide (NO) signaling in a wide diversity of marine invertebrates.1-10 It is thus surprising that, in most invertebrates, the substrate for NO synthesis-arginine-cannot be biosynthesized but instead must be exogenously sourced.11 In the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica, vertically inherited proteobacterial symbionts in the larva are able to biosynthesize arginine.12,13 Here, we test the hypothesis that symbionts provide arginine to the sponge host so that nitric oxide synthase expressed in the larva can produce NO, which regulates metamorphosis,8 and the byproduct citrulline (Figure 1). First, we find support for an arginine-citrulline biosynthetic loop in this sponge larval holobiont by using stable isotope tracing. In symbionts, incorporated 13C-citrulline decreases as 13C-arginine increases, consistent with the use of exogenous citrulline for arginine synthesis. In contrast, 13C-citrulline accumulates in larvae as 13C-arginine decreases, demonstrating the uptake of exogenous arginine and its conversion to NO and citrulline. Second, we show that, although Amphimedon larvae can derive arginine directly from seawater, normal settlement and metamorphosis can occur in artificial sea water lacking arginine. Together, these results support holobiont complementation of the arginine-citrulline loop and NO biosynthesis in Amphimedon larvae, suggesting a critical role for bacterial symbionts in the development of this marine sponge. Given that NO regulates settlement and metamorphosis in diverse animal phyla1-10 and arginine is procured externally in most animals,11 we propose that symbionts might play an equally critical regulatory role in this essential life cycle transition in other metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Olivia H Hewitt
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia.
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24
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY, Nikitin MA, Sohn D, Kohn AB, Neveu E, Varoqueaux F, Fasshauer D. The diversification and lineage-specific expansion of nitric oxide signaling in Placozoa: insights in the evolution of gaseous transmission. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13020. [PMID: 32747709 PMCID: PMC7400543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gaseous messenger, but we know little about its early evolution. Here, we analyzed NO synthases (NOS) in four different species of placozoans-one of the early-branching animal lineages. In contrast to other invertebrates studied, Trichoplax and Hoilungia have three distinct NOS genes, including PDZ domain-containing NOS. Using ultra-sensitive capillary electrophoresis assays, we quantified nitrites (products of NO oxidation) and L-citrulline (co-product of NO synthesis from L-arginine), which were affected by NOS inhibitors confirming the presence of functional enzymes in Trichoplax. Using fluorescent single-molecule in situ hybridization, we showed that distinct NOSs are expressed in different subpopulations of cells, with a noticeable distribution close to the edge regions of Trichoplax. These data suggest both the compartmentalized release of NO and a greater diversity of cell types in placozoans than anticipated. NO receptor machinery includes both canonical and novel NIT-domain containing soluble guanylate cyclases as putative NO/nitrite/nitrate sensors. Thus, although Trichoplax and Hoilungia exemplify the morphologically simplest free-living animals, the complexity of NO-cGMP-mediated signaling in Placozoa is greater to those in vertebrates. This situation illuminates multiple lineage-specific diversifications of NOSs and NO/nitrite/nitrate sensors from the common ancestor of Metazoa and the preservation of conservative NOS architecture from prokaryotic ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L Moroz
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Departments of Neuroscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine and Gainesville, FL, 32080, USA.
| | - Daria Y Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Nikitin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dosung Sohn
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Departments of Neuroscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine and Gainesville, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Andrea B Kohn
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Departments of Neuroscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine and Gainesville, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Emilie Neveu
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederique Varoqueaux
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Fasshauer
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Leys SP, Mah JL, McGill PR, Hamonic L, De Leo FC, Kahn AS. Sponge Behavior and the Chemical Basis of Responses: A Post-Genomic View. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:751-764. [PMID: 31268144 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges perceive and respond to a range of stimuli. How they do this is still difficult to pin down despite now having transcriptomes and genomes of an array of species. Here we evaluate the current understanding of sponge behavior and present new observations on sponge activity in situ. We also explore biosynthesis pathways available to sponges from data in genomes/transcriptomes of sponges and other non-bilaterians with a focus on exploring the role of chemical signaling pathways mediating sponge behavior and how such chemical signal pathways may have evolved. Sponge larvae respond to light but opsins are not used, nor is there a common photoreceptor molecule or mechanism used across sponge groups. Other cues are gravity and chemicals. In situ recordings of behavior show that both shallow and deep-water sponges move a lot over minutes and hours, and correlation of behavior with temperature, pressure, oxygen, and water movement suggests that at least one sponge responds to changes in atmospheric pressure. The sensors for these cues as far as we know are individual cells and, except in the case of electrical signaling in Hexactinellida, these most likely act as independent effectors, generating a whole-body reaction by the global reach of the stimulus to all parts of the animal. We found no evidence for use of conventional neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Intriguingly, some chemicals synthesized by symbiont microbes could mean other more complex signaling occurs, but how that interplay might happen is not understood. Our review suggests chemical signaling pathways found in sponges do not reflect loss of a more complex set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Jasmine L Mah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Paul R McGill
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Laura Hamonic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Fabio C De Leo
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Queenswood Campus 100-2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8N 1V8.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3080, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Amanda S Kahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.,Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.,Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
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26
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Say TE, Degnan SM. Molecular and behavioural evidence that interdependent photo - and chemosensory systems regulate larval settlement in a marine sponge. Mol Ecol 2019; 29:247-261. [PMID: 31791111 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Marine pelagic larvae use a hierarchy of environmental cues to identify a suitable benthic habitat on which to settle and metamorphose into the adult phase of the life cycle. Most larvae are induced to settle by biochemical cues and many species have long been known to preferentially settle in the dark. Combined, these data suggest that larval responses to light and biochemical cues may be linked, but this has yet to be explored at the molecular level. Here, we track the vertical position of larvae of the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica to show that they descend to the benthos at twilight, by which time they are competent to respond to biochemical cues, consistent with them naturally settling in the dark. We use larval settlement assays under three different light regimes, combined with transcriptomics on individual larvae, to identify candidate molecular pathways underlying larval settlement. We find that larvae do not settle in response to biochemical cues if maintained in constant light. Our transcriptome data suggest that constant light actively represses settlement via the sustained up-regulation of two putative inactivators of chemotransduction in constant light only. Our data suggest that photo- and chemosensory systems interact to regulate larval settlement via nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling in this sponge, which belongs to one of the earliest-branching animal phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsha E Say
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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27
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Wong E, Mölter J, Anggono V, Degnan SM, Degnan BM. Co-expression of synaptic genes in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica uncovers ancient neural submodules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15781. [PMID: 31673079 PMCID: PMC6823388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synapse is a complex cellular module crucial to the functioning of neurons. It evolved largely through the exaptation of pre-existing smaller submodules, each of which are comprised of ancient sets of proteins that are conserved in modern animals and other eukaryotes. Although these ancient submodules themselves have non-neural roles, it has been hypothesized that they may mediate environmental sensing behaviors in aneural animals, such as sponges. Here we identify orthologues in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica of genes encoding synaptic submodules in neural animals, and analyse their cell-type specific and developmental expression to determine their potential to be co-regulated. We find that genes comprising certain synaptic submodules, including those involved in vesicle trafficking, calcium-regulation and scaffolding of postsynaptic receptor clusters, are co-expressed in adult choanocytes and during metamorphosis. Although these submodules may contribute to sensory roles in this cell type and this life cycle stage, total synaptic gene co-expression profiles do not support the existence of a functional synapse in A. queenslandica. The lack of evidence for the co-regulation of genes necessary for pre- and post-synaptic functioning in A. queenslandica suggests that sponges, and perhaps the last common ancestor of sponges and other extant animals, had the ability to promulgate sensory inputs without complete synapse-like functionalities. The differential co-expression of multiple synaptic submodule genes in sponge choanocytes, which have sensory and feeding roles, however, is consistent with the metazoan ancestor minimally being able to undergo exo- and endocytosis in a controlled and localized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jan Mölter
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bernard M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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28
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Moeller FU, Webster NS, Herbold CW, Behnam F, Domman D, Albertsen M, Mooshammer M, Markert S, Turaev D, Becher D, Rattei T, Schweder T, Richter A, Watzka M, Nielsen PH, Wagner M. Characterization of a thaumarchaeal symbiont that drives incomplete nitrification in the tropical sponge Ianthella basta. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:3831-3854. [PMID: 31271506 PMCID: PMC6790972 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Marine sponges represent one of the few eukaryotic groups that frequently harbour symbiotic members of the Thaumarchaeota, which are important chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizers in many environments. However, in most studies, direct demonstration of ammonia-oxidation by these archaea within sponges is lacking, and little is known about sponge-specific adaptations of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Here, we characterized the thaumarchaeal symbiont of the marine sponge Ianthella basta using metaproteogenomics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, qPCR and isotope-based functional assays. 'Candidatus Nitrosospongia ianthellae' is only distantly related to cultured AOA. It is an abundant symbiont that is solely responsible for nitrite formation from ammonia in I. basta that surprisingly does not harbour nitrite-oxidizing microbes. Furthermore, this AOA is equipped with an expanded set of extracellular subtilisin-like proteases, a metalloprotease unique among archaea, as well as a putative branched-chain amino acid ABC transporter. This repertoire is strongly indicative of a mixotrophic lifestyle and is (with slight variations) also found in other sponge-associated, but not in free-living AOA. We predict that this feature as well as an expanded and unique set of secreted serpins (protease inhibitors), a unique array of eukaryotic-like proteins, and a DNA-phosporothioation system, represent important adaptations of AOA to life within these ancient filter-feeding animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian U. Moeller
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Nicole S. Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Craig W. Herbold
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Faris Behnam
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Daryl Domman
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg University9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.VGreifswaldGermany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Dmitrij Turaev
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Computational Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial ProteomicsUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Computational Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.VGreifswaldGermany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | - Per Halkjaer Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg University9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyUniversity of ViennaAustria
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg University9220AalborgDenmark
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29
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Modesto V, Castro P, Lopes-Lima M, Antunes C, Ilarri M, Sousa R. Potential impacts of the invasive species Corbicula fluminea on the survival of glochidia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:157-164. [PMID: 30986675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) are one of the most imperilled faunal groups globally, being the introduction of invasive species a possible major mechanism of threat. The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea is a problematic invasive species in aquatic ecosystems and can impair the survival of parasitic larvae (glochidia) of native freshwater mussels. However, this possible mechanism of threat remains speculative and to date very few studies addressed quantitatively this issue. In order to cover this gap, we have performed a series of manipulative laboratory studies to assess how distinct densities of C. fluminea can affect the survival of glochidia after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of exposure, using larvae of the native freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina. Our results suggest an increase in mortality of A. anatina glochidia with an increase in density of C. fluminea. Two main mechanisms may possibly explain our results: 1) the high filtration capacity of C. fluminea that can contribute to the mortality of glochidia due to the mechanical damage of their fragile shells when passing by siphons and/or digestive tract of C. fluminea and 2) the high excretion capacity of C. fluminea that can lead to mortality of glochidia due to increase in ammonia concentration. Mortality of glochidia was also time dependent with higher values registered after 48 h. This work is one of the first showing the influence of C. fluminea density on the survival of glochidia, being filtration (and consequent passage in the digestive tract) and biodeposition the main potential mechanisms explaining overall mortality. These results also suggest that sites with high densities of C. fluminea may be highly detrimental for the conservation of freshwater mussels, potentially impairing the survival of glochidia and negatively affecting the recruitment of juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Modesto
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Castro
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Lopes-Lima
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Carlos Antunes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Aquamuseu do Rio Minho, Parque de Lazer do Castelinho, 4920-290 Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal
| | - Martina Ilarri
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ronaldo Sousa
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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30
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Borisenko I, Podgornaya OI, Ereskovsky AV. From traveler to homebody: Which signaling mechanisms sponge larvae use to become adult sponges? ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:421-449. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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31
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Renard E, Leys SP, Wörheide G, Borchiellini C. Understanding Animal Evolution: The Added Value of Sponge Transcriptomics and Genomics: The disconnect between gene content and body plan evolution. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700237. [PMID: 30070368 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are important but often-neglected organisms. The absence of classical animal traits (nerves, digestive tract, and muscles) makes sponges challenging for non-specialists to work with and has delayed getting high quality genomic data compared to other invertebrates. Yet analyses of sponge genomes and transcriptomes currently available have radically changed our understanding of animal evolution. Sponges are of prime evolutionary importance as one of the best candidates to form the sister group of all other animals, and genomic data are essential to understand the mechanisms that control animal evolution and diversity. Here we review the most significant outcomes of current genomic and transcriptomic analyses of sponges, and discuss limitations and future directions of sponge transcriptomic and genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Renard
- Aix Marseille Univ., Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR 7263, Mediterranean Institute of Marine and Continental Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE), Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.,GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology, Munich, Germany
| | - Carole Borchiellini
- Aix Marseille Univ., Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR 7263, Mediterranean Institute of Marine and Continental Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE), Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
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32
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Yang XX, Wong YH, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Qian PY. Exploring the regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and the NO-p38MAPK/cGMP pathway in larval settlement of the bryozoan Bugula neritina. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:545-556. [PMID: 29842799 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1470240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bryozoan Bugula neritina is a cosmopolitan marine fouling species that causes major fouling problems in sub-tropical waters. Settlement of B. neritina larvae can be triggered without an obvious external cue. Here, the negative regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) during larval settlement of B. neritina was demonstrated to be mediated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Although the regulatory role of the NO-p38 MAPK signaling axis in larval settlement was not evident, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) led to the deactivation of p38 MAPK. Exclusive localization of NO and NO signaling components in sensory-related organs of the larvae is consistent with its signal transduction function in metamorphosis. Overall, this study provides new insights into the regulatory roles of the NO-p38MAPK/cGMP pathway in B. neritina settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Yang
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
| | - Yue Him Wong
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- b Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , PR China
| | - Gen Zhang
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
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33
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Abstract
Over 100 years of sponge biology research has demonstrated spectacular diversity of cell behaviors during embryonic development, metamorphosis and regeneration. The past two decades have allowed the first glimpses into molecular and cellular mechanisms of these processes. We have learned that while embryonic development of sponges utilizes a conserved set of developmental regulatory genes known from other animals, sponge cell differentiation appears unusually labile. During normal development, and especially as a response to injury, sponge cells appear to have an uncanny ability to transdifferentiate. Here, I argue that sponge cell differentiation plasticity does not preclude homology of cell types and processes between sponges and other animals. Instead, it does provide a wonderful opportunity to better understand transdifferentiation processes in all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Adamska
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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34
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Fritzsch B, Elliott KL. Gene, cell, and organ multiplication drives inner ear evolution. Dev Biol 2017; 431:3-15. [PMID: 28866362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We review the development and evolution of the ear neurosensory cells, the aggregation of neurosensory cells into an otic placode, the evolution of novel neurosensory structures dedicated to hearing and the evolution of novel nuclei in the brain and their input dedicated to processing those novel auditory stimuli. The evolution of the apparently novel auditory system lies in duplication and diversification of cell fate transcription regulation that allows variation at the cellular level [transforming a single neurosensory cell into a sensory cell connected to its targets by a sensory neuron as well as diversifying hair cells], organ level [duplication of organ development followed by diversification and novel stimulus acquisition] and brain nuclear level [multiplication of transcription factors to regulate various neuron and neuron aggregate fate to transform the spinal cord into the unique hindbrain organization]. Tying cell fate changes driven by bHLH and other transcription factors into cell and organ changes is at the moment tentative as not all relevant factors are known and their gene regulatory network is only rudimentary understood. Future research can use the blueprint proposed here to provide both the deeper molecular evolutionary understanding as well as a more detailed appreciation of developmental networks. This understanding can reveal how an auditory system evolved through transformation of existing cell fate determining networks and thus how neurosensory evolution occurred through molecular changes affecting cell fate decision processes. Appreciating the evolutionary cascade of developmental program changes could allow identifying essential steps needed to restore cells and organs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Karen L Elliott
- University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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35
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Abstract
A complex genetic repertoire underlies the apparently simple body plan of sponges. Among the genes present in poriferans are those fundamental to the sensory and nervous systems of other animals. Sponges are dynamic and sensitive animals and it is intuitive to link these genes to behaviour. The proposal that ctenophores are the earliest diverging metazoan has led to the question of whether sponges possess a 'pre-nervous' system or have undergone nervous system loss. Both lines of thought generally assume that the last common ancestor of sponges and eumetazoans possessed the genetic modules that underlie sensory abilities. By corollary extant sponges may possess a sensory cell homologous to one present in the last common ancestor, a hypothesis that has been studied by gene expression. We have performed a meta-analysis of all gene expression studies published to date to explore whether gene expression is indicative of a feature's sensory function. In sponges we find that eumetazoan sensory-neural markers are not particularly expressed in structures with known sensory functions. Instead it is common for these genes to be expressed in cells with no known or uncharacterized sensory function. Indeed, many sensory-neural markers so far studied are expressed during development, perhaps because many are transcription factors. This suggests that the genetic signal of a sponge sensory cell is dissimilar enough to be unrecognizable when compared to a bilaterian sensory or neural cell. It is possible that sensory-neural markers have as yet unknown functions in sponge cells, such as assembling an immunological synapse in the larval globular cell. Furthermore, the expression of sensory-neural markers in non-sensory cells, such as adult and larval epithelial cells, suggest that these cells may have uncharacterized sensory functions. While this does not rule out the co-option of ancestral sensory modules in later evolving groups, a distinct genetic foundation may underlie the sponge sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L Mah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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