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Abstract
The topological properties of an object, associated with an integer called the topological invariant, are global features that cannot change continuously but only through abrupt variations, hence granting them intrinsic robustness. Engineered metamaterials (MMs) can be tailored to support highly nontrivial topological properties of their band structure, relative to their electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical response, representing one of the major breakthroughs in physics over the past decade. Here, we review the foundations and the latest advances of topological photonic and phononic MMs, whose nontrivial wave interactions have become of great interest to a broad range of science disciplines, such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the basic concepts, including the notion of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of natural electronic materials, before reviewing their photonic/phononic topological MM analogues, including 2D topological MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet topological insulators, 3D, higher-order, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs. We also discuss the topological aspects of scattering anomalies, chemical reactions and polaritons. This work aims at connecting the recent advances of topological concepts throughout a broad range of scientific areas and it highlights opportunities offered by topological MMs for the chemistry community and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Simon Yves
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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2
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Arkhipov II, Miranowicz A, Minganti F, Özdemir ŞK, Nori F. Dynamically crossing diabolic points while encircling exceptional curves: A programmable symmetric-asymmetric multimode switch. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2076. [PMID: 37045822 PMCID: PMC10097868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontrivial spectral properties of non-Hermitian systems can lead to intriguing effects with no counterparts in Hermitian systems. For instance, in a two-mode photonic system, by dynamically winding around an exceptional point (EP) a controlled asymmetric-symmetric mode switching can be realized. That is, the system can either end up in one of its eigenstates, regardless of the initial eigenmode, or it can switch between the two states on demand, by simply controlling the winding direction. However, for multimode systems with higher-order EPs or multiple low-order EPs, the situation can be more involved, and the ability to control asymmetric-symmetric mode switching can be impeded, due to the breakdown of adiabaticity. Here we demonstrate that this difficulty can be overcome by winding around exceptional curves by additionally crossing diabolic points. We consider a four-mode [Formula: see text]-symmetric bosonic system as a platform for experimental realization of such a multimode switch. Our work provides alternative routes for light manipulations in non-Hermitian photonic setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen I Arkhipov
- Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics of CAS, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Minganti
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Şahin K Özdemir
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, and Materials Research Institute (MRI), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Quantum Information Physics Theory Research Team, Quantum Computing Center, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1040, USA.
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3
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Polimeno L, Lerario G, De Giorgi M, De Marco L, Dominici L, Todisco F, Coriolano A, Ardizzone V, Pugliese M, Prontera CT, Maiorano V, Moliterni A, Giannini C, Olieric V, Gigli G, Ballarini D, Xiong Q, Fieramosca A, Solnyshkov DD, Malpuech G, Sanvitto D. Tuning of the Berry curvature in 2D perovskite polaritons. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1349-1354. [PMID: 34675412 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of the energy dispersion of polaritons in microcavities through nanofabrication or through the exploitation of intrinsic material and cavity anisotropies has demonstrated many intriguing effects related to topology and emergent gauge fields such as the anomalous quantum Hall and Rashba effects. Here we show how we can obtain different Berry curvature distributions of polariton bands in a strongly coupled organic-inorganic two-dimensional perovskite single-crystal microcavity. The spatial anisotropy of the perovskite crystal combined with photonic spin-orbit coupling produce two Hamilton diabolical points in the dispersion. An external magnetic field breaks time-reversal symmetry owing to the exciton Zeeman splitting and lifts the degeneracy of the diabolical points. As a result, the bands possess non-zero integral Berry curvatures, which we directly measure by state tomography. In addition to the determination of the different Berry curvatures of the multimode microcavity dispersions, we can also modify the Berry curvature distribution, the so-called band geometry, within each band by tuning external parameters, such as temperature, magnetic field and sample thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Polimeno
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annalisa Coriolano
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, 'Ennio de Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Dmitry D Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Lecce, Italy
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4
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Yang J, Qian C, Xie X, Peng K, Wu S, Song F, Sun S, Dang J, Yu Y, Shi S, He J, Steer MJ, Thayne IG, Li BB, Bo F, Xiao YF, Zuo Z, Jin K, Gu C, Xu X. Diabolical points in coupled active cavities with quantum emitters. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:6. [PMID: 31969981 PMCID: PMC6957493 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In single microdisks, embedded active emitters intrinsically affect the cavity modes of the microdisks, resulting in trivial symmetric backscattering and low controllability. Here we demonstrate macroscopic control of the backscattering direction by optimizing the cavity size. The signature of the positive and negative backscattering directions in each single microdisk is confirmed with two strongly coupled microdisks. Furthermore, diabolical points are achieved at the resonance of the two microdisks, which agrees well with theoretical calculations considering the backscattering directions. Diabolical points in active optical structures pave the way for an implementation of quantum information processing with geometric phase in quantum photonic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chenjiang Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xin Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kai Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shiyao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Feilong Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Sibai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jianchen Dang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shushu Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiongji He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Matthew J. Steer
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT UK
| | - Iain G. Thayne
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT UK
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Fang Bo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanchun Zuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808 Guangdong China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiulai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808 Guangdong China
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Gutiérrez-Rubio Á, Chirolli L, Martín-Moreno L, García-Vidal FJ, Guinea F. Polariton Anomalous Hall Effect in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:137402. [PMID: 30312058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.137402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the properties of strongly coupled excitons and photons in systems made of semiconducting two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides embedded in optical cavities. Through a detailed microscopic analysis of the coupling, we unveil novel, highly tunable features of the spectrum that result in polariton splitting and a breaking of light-matter selection rules. The dynamics of the composite polaritons is influenced by the Berry phase arising both from their constituents and from the confinement-enhanced coupling. We find that light-matter coupling emerges as a mechanism that enhances the Berry phase of polaritons well beyond that of its elementary constituents, paving the way to achieve a polariton anomalous Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Chirolli
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, C/Faraday 9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martín-Moreno
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F J García-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-8049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Guinea
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, C/Faraday 9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PY, United Kingdom
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