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Yang Y, Huang J, Xie L, Wang Y, Guo S, Wang M, Shao X, Liu W, Wang Y, Li Q, Wu X, Zhang Z, Zeng F, Gong W. Nicotinamide protects against diabetic kidney disease through regulation of Sirt1. Endocrine 2024; 85:638-648. [PMID: 38446387 PMCID: PMC11291543 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of nicotinamide (Nam) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in mice and explore its mechanism. METHODS Thirty DBA/2 J mice were randomly assigned to three groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia induced by streptozocin (STZ), Nam and saline were administrated to STZ + Nam and STZ + NS mice, respectively, for 8 weeks. Non-diabetic mice (NDM) were used as control group. Twenty In2-/- Akita mice were randomly divided into two groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia, Nam and saline were administered to Akita + Nam and Akita + NS mice, respectively, for 6 weeks. Wild-type littermates were used as control group. Markers of renal injury were analyzed, and the molecular mechanisms were explored in human proximal tubular HK2 cells. RESULTS Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) decreased in the STZ + Nam and Akita + Nam groups. Pathological analysis showed that Nam improved the structure of glomerular basement membrane, ameliorated glomerular sclerosis, and decreased the accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen. Compared to the diabetic control group, renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were reduced in the Nam-treated mice. The expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in human proximal tubular HK2 cells was inhibited by high glucose and Nam treatment enhanced its expression. However, in HK2 cells with Sirt1 knockdown, the protective effect of Nam was abolished, indicating that the beneficial effect of Nam was partially dependent on Sirt1. CONCLUSIONS Nam has a renoprotective effect against renal injury caused by hyperglycemia and may be a potential target for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinya Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lijie Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Shi X, Wang X, Zhang J, Dang Y, Ouyang C, Pan J, Yang A, Hu X. Associations of mixed metal exposure with chronic kidney disease from NHANES 2011-2018. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13062. [PMID: 38844557 PMCID: PMC11156859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metals have been proved to be one of risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes, but the effect of mixed metal co-exposure and potential interaction between metals are still unclear. We assessed the urine and whole blood levels of cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and renal function in 3080 adults from National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) (2011-2018) to explore the effect of mixed metal exposure on CKD especially in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Weighted quantile sum regression model and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression model were used to evaluate the overall exposure impact of metal mixture and potential interaction between metals. The results showed that the exposure to mixed metals was significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD in blood glucose stratification, with the risk of CKD being 1.58 (1.26,1.99) times in urine and 1.67 (1.19,2.34) times in whole blood higher in individuals exposed to high concentrations of the metal mixture compared to those exposed to low concentrations. The effect of urine metal mixture was elevated magnitude in stratified analysis. There were interactions between urine Pb and Cd, Pb and Mn, Pb and Hg, Cd and Mn, Cd and Hg, and blood Pb and Hg, Mn and Cd, Mn and Pb, Mn and Hg on the risk of CKD in patients with T2DM and no significant interaction between metals was observed in non-diabetics. In summary, mixed metal exposure increased the risk of CKD in patients with T2DM, and there were complex interactions between metals. More in-depth studies are needed to explore the mechanism and demonstrate the causal relationship.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nutrition Surveys
- Adult
- Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Cadmium/blood
- Cadmium/urine
- Cadmium/adverse effects
- Cadmium/toxicity
- Risk Factors
- Lead/blood
- Lead/urine
- Lead/toxicity
- Metals, Heavy/blood
- Metals, Heavy/urine
- Metals, Heavy/adverse effects
- Metals, Heavy/toxicity
- Aged
- Metals/urine
- Metals/blood
- Metals/adverse effects
- Manganese/urine
- Manganese/blood
- Manganese/adverse effects
- Bayes Theorem
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Shi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ying Dang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Changping Ouyang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinhua Pan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiaobin Hu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Ibrahim WHM, Sabry AA, Abdelmoneim AR, Marzouk HFA, AbdelFattah RM. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) as markers of active lupus nephritis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:167-174. [PMID: 37516706 PMCID: PMC10774195 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite much research about lupus nephritis, none of the urinary biomarkers has been proven to be truly reflecting lupus nephritis activity, response to treatment, or prognosis. We aimed to study urinary biomarkers in lupus nephritis and test their relation to kidney damage. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were divided into two graoups: (1) lupus nephritis group with biopsy-proven proliferative lupus nephritis (classes III and IV) and who did not receive immunosuppressive drugs within the preceding 3 months except for glucocorticoids and (2) lupus non-nephritis group with SLE patients without any renal manifestation. We assessed disease activity by the SLE disease activity index. uNGAL, uKim-1, uNGAL to urinary creatinine excretion (mg/dl), and uKim-1 to urinary creatinine excretion were measured in random spot urine samples at the time of renal biopsy and 6 months after the induction therapy. RESULTS The LN group before treatment showed higher levels of uNGAL and uKIM-1 (P-value < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that uNGAL at level of > 59 has a 95 % sensitivity, a 100 % specificity, and an AUC = 0.996 in the ability to diagnose LN. While the uKIM-1 ROC showed that at level of > 1.6, it has an 85 % sensitivity, an 80 % specificity, and an AUC = 0.919. uNGAL and uKIM levels were significantly lower after treatment (P-value < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between urinary markers before and after treatment with other clinical, inflammatory, and serological markers of lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION uNGAL, uKIM, uNGAL/Creat ratio, and uKIM/Creat ratio can be used as a predictor and a marker of disease activity for lupus nephritis. Key Points • Renal biopsy is the current standard for diagnosis of lupus nephritis and none of the urinary biomarkers has been fully concluded to have a diagnostic power to reflect the activity or the response to treatment. • However, based on the finding of the current study, uNGAL, uKIM, uNGAL/Creat ratio, and uKIM/Creat ratio showed significant diagnostic performance and were powerful indices of renal involvement in systemic lupus patients and as markers of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa AbdelAziz Sabry
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Raafat Abdelmoneim
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha Mahmoud AbdelFattah
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Wen Y, Vechetti IJ, Leng D, Alimov AP, Valentino TR, Zhang XD, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Early transcriptomic signatures and biomarkers of renal damage due to prolonged exposure to embedded metal. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2861-2880. [PMID: 37058270 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exposure to toxic heavy metals leads to deleterious health outcomes including kidney injury. Metal exposure occurs through both environmental pathways including contamination of drinking water sources and from occupational hazards, including the military-unique risks from battlefield injuries resulting in retained metal fragments from bullets and blast debris. One of the key challenges to mitigate health effects in these scenarios is to detect early insult to target organs, such as the kidney, before irreversible damage occurs. METHODS High-throughput transcriptomics (HTT) has been recently demonstrated to have high sensitivity and specificity as a rapid and cost-effective assay for detecting tissue toxicity. To better understand the molecular signature of early kidney damage, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on renal tissue using a rat model of soft tissue-embedded metal exposure. We then performed small RNA-seq analysis on serum samples from the same animals to identify potential miRNA biomarkers of kidney damage. RESULTS We found that metals, especially lead and depleted uranium, induce oxidative damage that mainly cause dysregulated mitochondrial gene expression. Utilizing publicly available single-cell RNA-seq datasets, we demonstrate that deep learning-based cell type decomposition effectively identified cells within the kidney that were affected by metal exposure. By combining random forest feature selection and statistical methods, we further identify miRNA-423 as a promising early systemic marker of kidney injury. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that combining HTT and deep learning is a promising approach for identifying cell injury in kidney tissue. We propose miRNA-423 as a potential serum biomarker for early detection of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Dongliang Leng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, CRDA, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Alexander P Alimov
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Taylor R Valentino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xiaohua D Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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5
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Kassy CW. Relationship and Accuracy of Urine Lead as an Alternative to Blood Lead Biomarker among Panel Beaters in Enugu Metropolis: Nigeria. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:351-354. [PMID: 38390481 PMCID: PMC10880828 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_140_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The limited alternatives to blood lead biomarkers continue to affect the control of occupational lead exposures. This study assessed the relationship and accuracy of urine lead biomarker as an alternative to blood lead biomarker among roadside and organized panel beaters in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study of 428 panel beaters in Enugu metropolis. Samples collected were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) at 283.3 nm wavelengths. Data were analyzed using correlation and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Result A linear positive relationship with high accuracy and sensitivity were found between blood and urine biomarkers. Conclusion Urine biomarker has a linear relationship with blood biomarker and showed a significant accuracy for the measurement of occupational lead exposure. Therefore, a urinary biomarker can serve as an alternative replacement to blood lead in occupational health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwukasi Wilson Kassy
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku, Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
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6
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Nixon Nonh D, Aw S, Siaka S, Livet A, Sylvestre Yapo N, Bousserrhine N. Evaluation of the lead removal capacity by the adsorption process of Corbula trigona shell powder: modeling and optimization through reponse surface methodology. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11346-11355. [PMID: 37057272 PMCID: PMC10088489 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is based on the evaluation of the adsorption process using Corbula trigona shell powder to remove lead from aqueous solution in a batch mode. Different analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and EDS-coupled scanning electron microscopy, were used to characterize the shell powder before and after lead treatment. Regarding the pollutant removal, a Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was first used to determine the influencing factors from the following experimental domain: solution pH (3-9), adsorbent mass (0.1-0.5 g), contact time (40 -240 min), initial pollutant concentration (10 -60 mg L-1), and adsorbent size (100 -200 μm). The respective contributions of the various factors listed above are 31.7%, 30.51%, 25.17%, 12.44%, and 0.18%. As a result, solution pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, and initial pollutant concentration were selected to optimize the lead removal process using the composite central plan. The optimal lead removal conditions were 99.028% by setting the solution pH to 4.5, initial lead concentration to 47 mg L-1, contact time to 125 min, and adsorbent mass to 0.2 g. In addition, it was found that the composite central plan could be a reliable statistical tool to model and determine the optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Nixon Nonh
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels, de Synthèse, de L'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Institut National Polytechnique Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY BP 1093 Yamoussoukro Ivory Coast +2250748296357
| | - Sadat Aw
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels, de Synthèse, de L'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Institut National Polytechnique Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY BP 1093 Yamoussoukro Ivory Coast +2250748296357
| | - Sorho Siaka
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels, de Synthèse, de L'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Institut National Polytechnique Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY BP 1093 Yamoussoukro Ivory Coast +2250748296357
| | - Alexandre Livet
- Laboratoire Eau, Environnement Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté des Sciences et Technologie 61 Avenue Général De Gaulle 94010 Créteil Cedex France
| | - N'Zébo Sylvestre Yapo
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels, de Synthèse, de L'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Institut National Polytechnique Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY BP 1093 Yamoussoukro Ivory Coast +2250748296357
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratoire Eau, Environnement Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté des Sciences et Technologie 61 Avenue Général De Gaulle 94010 Créteil Cedex France
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7
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Moubarz G, Mohammed AMF, Saleh IA, Shahy EM, Helmy MA. Nephrotoxic effect of heavy metals and the role of DNA repair gene among secondary aluminum smelter workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:29814-29823. [PMID: 36418822 PMCID: PMC9995418 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the association between some heavy metals in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and kidney damage among workers at different departments in a secondary aluminum production plant. It also investigates the association between Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) gene polymorphisms and worker's susceptibility to kidney dysfunction. It was conducted on 30 workers from the administrative departments and 147 workers from different departments in the production line. Estimation of some heavy metals (Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in suspended particulate matter (SPM) is done. Also, urinary levels of those metals were measured for all workers. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), clusterin levels, and XPD protein level were estimated. Genotyping of XPD gene polymorphisms was performed. The measured annual average concentrations of the estimated heavy metals were lower than the permissible limits. Gravity area had the maximum concentration of metals with a higher Al average daily dose and hazardous index > 1. Kidney injury biomarkers (clusterin and KIM-1) were increased significantly (p < 0.05) while XPD protein showed the lowest levels among workers at the gravity and cold rolling areas. XPD Asn/Asp genotype was more dominant among those workers (85.7%). Conclusion: aluminum workers are at risk of kidney disorders due to heavy metal exposure. The individual's susceptibility to the diseases is related to the DNA repair efficiency mechanisms. The defect in XPD protein represents a good indicator of susceptibility to the disease. KIM-1 and clusterin estimation is a predictor biomarker for early-staged kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Moubarz
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Atef M F Mohammed
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas A Saleh
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M Shahy
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Helmy
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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8
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Absence of significant association of trace elements in nails with urinary KIM-1 biomarker among residents of Addis Ababa in Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Biometals 2022; 35:1341-1358. [PMID: 36163536 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Akaki River in the Upper Awash Basin, which flows through Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, has been highly polluted by sewage from factories and residential areas. A population-based cross-sectional study was used to assess the association between trace elements and kidney injury from residents living in polluted areas downstream (Akaki-Kality) versus upstream (Gullele) in Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa. A total of 95 individuals (53 from Akaki-Kality and 42 from Gullele) were included in the study. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), lead, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese, zinc, iron, copper, chromium and nickel were evaluated in residents' urine and nail samples. A large proportion (74%) of the sample population contained KIM-1, including 81% residents in Akaki-Kality and 64% residents in Gullele. KIM-1 was, however, not significantly different (p = 0.05) between the two Sub-Cities, with median of 0.224 ng/mL in Akaki-Kality and 0.152 ng/mL in Gullele. Most of the analyzed elements, except Pb, As, Cd and Co, were found in all of the nail samples, with median (µg/g) in the range of 442‒714 Fe, 97.0‒246 Zn, 11.6‒24.1 Mn, 4.49‒5.85 Cu, 1.46‒1.66 Cr and 1.22‒1.41 Ni. The high incidence of KIM-1 indicates a potential for long term renal tubular damage among residents of the Sub-Cities. The concentrations of the elements in nails were, however, not significantly associated (p = 0.05) with the corresponding levels of KIM-1 in urine. Hence, the observed KIM-1 might be related to exposure to toxic substances or factors other than those included in this study.
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Pócsi I, Dockrell ME, Price RG. Nephrotoxic Biomarkers with Specific Indications for Metallic Pollutants: Implications for Environmental Health. Biomark Insights 2022; 17:11772719221111882. [PMID: 35859925 PMCID: PMC9290154 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals and metalloids is a major global health risk. The kidney is often a site of early damage. Nephrotoxicity is both a major consequence of heavy metal exposure and potentially an early warning of greater damage. A paradigm shift occurred at the beginning of the 21st century in the field of renal medicine. The medical model of kidney failure and treatment began to give way to a social model of risk factors and prevention with important implications for environmental health. This development threw into focus the need for better biomarkers: markers of exposure to known nephrotoxins; markers of early damage for diagnosis and prevention; markers of disease development for intervention and choice of therapy. Constituents of electronic waste, e-waste or e-pollution, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (HG), arsenic (As) and silica (SiO2) are all potential nephrotoxins; they target the renal proximal tubules through distinct pathways. Different nephrotoxic biomarkers offer the possibility of identifying exposure to individual pollutants. In this review, a selection of prominent urinary markers of tubule damage is considered as potential tools for identifying environmental exposure to some key metallic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mark E Dockrell
- SWT Institute of Renal Research, Carshalton, London, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University, London, UK
| | - Robert G Price
- Department of Nutrition, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College, London, UK
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Akhter J, Khan J, Baghel M, Beg MMA, Goswami P, Afjal MA, Ahmad S, Habib H, Najmi AK, Raisuddin S. NLRP3 inflammasome in rosmarinic acid-afforded attenuation of acute kidney injury in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1313. [PMID: 35079027 PMCID: PMC8789898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a well-known anticancer drug used to effectively treat various kinds of solid tumors. CP causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and unfortunately, there is no therapeutic approach in hand to prevent AKI. Several signaling pathways are responsible for inducing AKI which leads to inflammation in proximal convoluted tubule cells in the kidney. Furthermore, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the CP-induced AKI. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) against inflammation-induced AKI. RA was orally administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg for two consecutive days after 24 h of a single injection of CP at the dose of 20 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally in Swiss albino male mice. Treatment of RA inhibited the activation of NLRP3 signaling pathway by blocking the activated caspase-1 and downstream signal molecules such as IL-1β and IL18. CP activated HMGB1-TLR4/MyD88 axis was also found to be downregulated with the RA treatment. Activation of nuclear factor-κB and elevated protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also found to be downregulated in RA-treated animals. Alteration of early tubular injury biomarker, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), was found to be subsided in RA-treated mice. RA has been earlier reported for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our findings show that blocking a critical step of inflammasome signaling pathway by RA treatment can be a novel and beneficial approach to prevent the CP-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juheb Akhter
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Jasim Khan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Madhu Baghel
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Poonam Goswami
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Amir Afjal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Haroon Habib
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
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11
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Hussein ABA, Ahmed MH, Kamal MM, Ayesh NAEA, Fouad MM. Evaluation of the Role of KIM-1 in Detecting Early Nephrotoxicity in Lead-Exposed Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e605-e611. [PMID: 34491970 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lead nephropathy usually starts silent. This study aimed to evaluate using kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) as an early nephrotoxicity predictor of long-term low-level occupational lead exposure. METHODS History, examination, and laboratory investigations including: blood lead, urinary KIM-1, serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, serum albumin, and urine analysis were done on 35 lead-exposed workers and a matched control group. RESULTS Higher blood lead levels were found among the exposed group compared to the control one. No statistically significant difference was found regarding renal failure manifestations or standard renal functions (uric acid, blood urea, and creatinine). Urinary KIM-1 was statistically significantly increased among the exposed group. CONCLUSION Renal adverse effects were associated to lead fumes exposure. KIM-1 can be used as biomarker for detecting early renal affection among lead-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abo-Bakr Abbas Hussein
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt (Dr Hussein, Dr Ahmed, Dr Ayesh, and Dr Fouad); Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt (Dr Kamal)
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12
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Saylor C, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Pantic I, Amarasiriwardena C, McRae N, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Parra-Hernandez S, Tolentino MC, Baccarelli AA, Fadrowski JJ, Gennings C, Satlin LM, Wright RO, Tellez-Rojo MM, Sanders AP. Prenatal blood lead levels and reduced preadolescent glomerular filtration rate: Modification by body mass index. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106414. [PMID: 33678412 PMCID: PMC8217093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the developing kidney, the prenatal period may represent a critical window of vulnerability to environmental insults resulting in permanent nephron loss. Given that the majority of nephron formation is complete in the 3rd trimester, we set out to test whether 1) prenatal lead exposure is associated with decreased preadolescent kidney function and 2) whether preadolescent obesity acts synergistically with early life lead exposure to reduce kidney function. METHODS Our study included 453 mother-child pairs participating in the PROGRESS birth cohort. We assessed prenatal blood lead levels (BLLs) in samples collected in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and at delivery, as well as tibial and patellar bone lead measures assessed one-month postpartum. Preadolescent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was derived from serum levels of creatinine and/or cystatin C measured at age 8-12 years. We applied linear regression to assess the relationship between prenatal bone and BLL with preadolescent eGFR, and adjusted for covariates including age, sex, BMI z-score, indoor tobacco smoke exposure, and socioeconomic status. We also examined sex-specific associations and tested for effect modification by BMI status. RESULTS We observed null associations between prenatal lead exposure and eGFR. However, in interaction analyses we found that among overweight children, there was an inverse association between BLL (assessed at 2nd and 3rd trimester and at delivery) and preadolescent eGFR. For example, among overweight participants, a one ln-unit increase in 2nd trimester BLL was associated with a 10.5 unit decrease in cystatin C-based eGFR (95% CI: -18.1, -2.8; p = 0.008). Regardless of lead exposure, we also observed null relationships between BMI z-score and eGFR overall, as well as among overweight participants. However, among participants with preadolescent obesity, we observed a significant 5.9-unit decrease in eGFR. We observed no evidence of sex-specific effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, if confirmed in other studies, suggest a complex interplay between the combined adverse effects of adiposity and perinatal lead exposure as they relate to adolescent kidney function. Future studies will assess kidney function and adiposity trajectories through adolescence to better understand environmental risk factors for kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Saylor
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nia McRae
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sandra Parra-Hernandez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mari Cruz Tolentino
- Department of Nutrition, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Fadrowski
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha M Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alison P Sanders
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Fan AX, Kalinich JF. Effect of embedded metal fragments on urinary metal levels and kidney biomarkers in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:463-480. [PMID: 33717999 PMCID: PMC7933717 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wounds with embedded metal fragments are an unfortunate consequence of armed conflicts. In many cases the exact identity of the metal(s) and their long-term health effects, especially on the kidney, are not known. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study was to quantitate the urinary levels of metals solubilized from surgically implanted metal pellets and to assess the effect of these metals on the kidney using a battery of biomarker assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a rodent model system developed in our Institute to simulate embedded fragment injuries, eight metals considered likely components of an embedded fragment wound were individually implanted into the gastrocnemius muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were followed for 12 months post-implantation with urine collected prior to surgery then at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-implantation to provide a within-subjects cohort for examination. Urinary metal levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and urinary biomarkers assessed using commercially available kits to determine metal-induced kidney effects. RESULTS With few exceptions, most of the implanted metals rapidly solubilized and were found in the urine at significantly higher levels than in control animals as early as 1-month post-implantation. Surprisingly, many of the biomarkers measured were decreased compared to control at 1-month post-implantation before returning to normal at the later time points. However, two metals, iron and depleted uranium, showed increased levels of several markers at later time points, yet these levels also returned to normal as time progressed. CONCLUSION This study showed that metal pellets surgically implanted into the leg muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats rapidly solubilized with significant levels of the implanted metal found in the urine. Although kidney biomarker results were inconsistent, the changes observed along with the relatively low amounts of metal implanted, suggest that metal-induced renal effects need to be considered when caring for individuals with embedded metal fragment wounds.
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Key Words
- AAALAC-I, Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International
- AFRRI, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- ALB, Albumin
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- Al, Aluminum
- B2m, Beta-2-microglobulin
- Biomarker
- Co, Cobalt
- Cu, Copper
- DU, Depleted uranium
- DoD, Department of Defense
- Embedded metals
- Fe, Iron
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- ICP-MS, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy
- IL-18, Interleukin-18
- KIM-1, Kidney injury molecule-1
- Kidney
- LoD, Limit of detection
- LoQ, Limit of quantitation
- NAG, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase
- NGAL, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
- Ni, Nickel
- OPN, Osteopontin
- Pb, Lead
- RBP, Retinal binding protein
- Rat
- Ta, Tantalum
- Urine
- W, Tungsten
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Hoffman
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vernieda B. Vergara
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anya X. Fan
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F. Kalinich
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Ramadan MA, Abdelgwad M, Fouad MM. Predictive value of novel biomarkers for chronic kidney disease among workers occupationally exposed to silica. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:173-181. [PMID: 33588697 DOI: 10.1177/0748233721990304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to find reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis of silica-induced nephropathy. Abundant genes are upregulated in damaged kidneys with subsequent protein products appearing in the urine. Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) are among the most promising. Our objective was to study the importance of L-FABP and KIM-1 genes and their urinary proteins in the early detection of silica-induced renal injury, as compared with other conventional biomarkers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 pottery workers occupationally exposed to silica, as compared to 90 controls. A full history taking and complete clinical examination were performed. Levels of serum creatinine, liver enzymes, urinary silicon, KIM-1, and L-FABP gene expression and protein products were measured. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated, and abdominal ultrasound was performed. The results showed that the silica-exposed group had a statistically significant increase in serum creatinine and urinary silica, as well as a significant decrease in eGFR. Additionally, a significant increase in KIM-1 and L-FABP gene expression, associated with a significant increase in their urinary protein, was found among the exposed group. A positive correlation between urinary silica level and L-FABP gene expression was also found. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for L-FABP and KIM-1 gene as predictors for silica-induced nephropathy showed that L-FABP gene and protein specificity were greater than the KIM-1 gene and protein. Taken together, these findings suggest that the L-FABP gene and its protein product may be used as early indicators for renal injury among silica exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdallah Ramadan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 63527Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abdelgwad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 63527Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohammed Fouad
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 63527Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Ahmed Eljiedi AA, Kamari A, Sunardi, Fatimah I. Lala clam (Orbicularia orbiculata) shell as an eco-friendly adsorbent for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2019.1674046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Alseddig Ahmed Eljiedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Kamari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sunardi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Is Fatimah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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16
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Chen X, Zhu G, Wang Z, Zhou H, He P, Liu Y, Jin T. The association between lead and cadmium co-exposure and renal dysfunction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:429-435. [PMID: 30798186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) exposure can induce kidney damage. However, the effects of combined exposure to Cd and Pb on renal function at environmental levels have not been fully clarified. In this study we investigated the renal function in a Chinese population co-exposed to Cd and Pb. A total of 331 subjects (215 women and 116 men), living in either a control or a polluted area, were included in this study. Cd and Pb in blood and urine (BCd, BPb, UCd, and UPb), and kidney effect markers including urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), were determined, and the association between exposure markers and renal effect biomarkers were analyzed. The exposure levels in the polluted area were significantly higher than in the control area (all p < 0.01). The eGFR of subjects in the polluted area was decreased compared with that in the control area (p < 0.01). The subjects with high BCd/BPb (BCd ≥ 2 μg/L, BPb ≥ 100 μg/L) or high UCd/UPb (UCd ≥ 3 μg/g creatinine, UPb ≥ 10 μg/g creatinine) showed higher UNAG and UALB levels compared with other subgroups (p < 0.01). The probability of having elevated UNAG in subjects with high BCd/BPb was greater than those with low BCd/BPb [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-4.7), low BCd/high BPb (OR =3.1, 95% CI: 1.4-6.6), and high BCd/low BPb (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9-3.2). The OR of subjects with low UCd and high UPb, high UCd and low UPb, and high UCd/UPb were 2.9 (95% CI: 1.4-5.7), 3.3 (95% CI: 1.5-7.2), and 7.7 (95% CI: 4.0-14.7), respectively, compared with those with low UCd/UPb. The risk of decrease in eGFR was also higher in subjects with high UCd/UPb than for those with low UCd/UPb (OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 0.8-62.2). Our data demonstrate that Cd and Pb exposure, alone or in combination, are associated with renal impairment. In addition, co-exposure to Pb and Cd propagates the renal tubular dysfunction compared with Cd or Pb exposure alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 150 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 150 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Treacy O, Brown NN, Dimeski G. Biochemical evaluation of kidney disease. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S214-S223. [PMID: 31236339 PMCID: PMC6559936 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different biochemical markers exist in both blood and urine for assessing renal function. Most of these biomarkers have advantages and limitations associated with their use, which is important to consider when ordering and utilising them in the clinical setting. The ideal marker should be able to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) at the onset and be used for the diagnosis and ongoing monitoring and management of kidney disease. The search for such a marker is ongoing, as all potential candidates thus far are associated with certain limitations. This article will attempt to compare and contrast established and emerging kidney disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treacy
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel N. Brown
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Orr SE, Bridges CC. Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051039. [PMID: 28498320 PMCID: PMC5454951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive disease that is typically characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons. As injured nephrons become sclerotic and die, the remaining healthy nephrons undergo numerous structural, molecular, and functional changes in an attempt to compensate for the loss of diseased nephrons. These compensatory changes enable the kidney to maintain fluid and solute homeostasis until approximately 75% of nephrons are lost. As CKD continues to progress, glomerular filtration rate decreases, and remaining nephrons are unable to effectively eliminate metabolic wastes and environmental toxicants from the body. This inability may enhance mortality and/or morbidity of an individual. Environmental toxicants of particular concern are arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Since these metals are present throughout the environment and exposure to one or more of these metals is unavoidable, it is important that the way in which these metals are handled by target organs in normal and disease states is understood completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | - Christy C Bridges
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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