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Paik S, Song GY, Jo EK. Ginsenosides for therapeutically targeting inflammation through modulation of oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110461. [PMID: 37331298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are steroid glycosides derived from ginseng plants such as Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Advances in recent studies have identified numerous physiological functions of each type of ginsenoside, i.e., immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory functions, in the context of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the molecular mechanisms by which the single or combined ginsenoside(s) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, although it remains largely unclear. It is well known that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with pathological inflammation and cell death in a variety of cells, and that inhibition of ROS generation ameliorates the local and systemic inflammatory responses. The mechanisms by which ginsenosides attenuate inflammation are largely unknown; however, targeting ROS is suggested as one of the crucial mechanisms for the ginsenosides to control the pathological inflammation in the immune and non-immune cells. This review will summarize the latest progress in ginsenoside studies, particularly in the context of antioxidant mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory effects. A better understanding of the distinct types and the combined action of ginsenosides will pave the way for developing potential preventive and therapeutic modalities in treating various inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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Xie W, Zhang C, Wang T, Wang J, Fu F. Effects of natural products on skin inflammation caused by abnormal hormones secreted by the adrenal gland. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1156271. [PMID: 37205913 PMCID: PMC10188947 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1156271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortex of adrenal gland produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen. The medulla of adrenal gland secrets catecholamines. These hormones play an important role in regulating blood pressure, metabolism, and homeostasis of glucose or electrolytes. Hypersecretion or hyposecretion by the adrenal gland will cause a complex cascade of hormone effects and lead to diseases, including Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Skin is the largest organ of body. It provides protection and acts as a barrier against external damage factors like infectious organisms, chemicals, and allergens. Endocrinologic disorders often induce cutaneous abnormalities. According to the previous evidences, natural products have the potential properties for attenuating skin disorders and improving dermatologic symptoms by inhibiting inflammation through MAPK or PI3K/AKT-dependent NF-κB pathways. The natural products may also promote skin wound healing by inhibiting the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9. We systematically searched the relevant articles from databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases, to review the effects of natural products on skin disorders. This article summarized the effects of natural products on skin inflammation caused by abnormal hormone secreted by adrenal gland. And the published papers indicated that natural products might be a potential source for treating skin diseases.
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Frantz MC, Rozot R, Marrot L. NRF2 in dermo-cosmetic: From scientific knowledge to skin care products. Biofactors 2023; 49:32-61. [PMID: 36258295 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the organ that is most susceptible to the impact of the exposome. Located at the interface with the external environment, it protects internal organs through the barrier function of the epidermis. It must adapt to the consequences of the harmful effects of solar radiation, the various chemical constituents of atmospheric pollution, and wounds associated with mechanical damage: oxidation, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and so forth. In this biological context, a capacity to adapt to the various stresses caused by the exposome is essential; otherwise, more or less serious conditions may develop accelerated aging, pigmentation disorders, atopy, psoriasis, and skin cancers. Nrf2-controlled pathways play a key role at this level. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that controls genes involved in oxidative stress protection and detoxification of chemicals. Its involvement in UV protection, reduction of inflammation in processes associated with healing, epidermal differentiation for barrier function, and hair regrowth, has been demonstrated. The modulation of Nrf2 in the skin may therefore constitute a skin protection or care strategy for certain dermatological stresses and disorders initiated or aggravated by the exposome. Nrf2 inducers can act through different modes of action. Keap1-dependent mechanisms include modification of the cysteine residues of Keap1 by (pro)electrophiles or prooxidants, and disruption of the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. Indirect mechanisms are suggested for numerous phytochemicals, acting on upstream pathways, or via hormesis. While developing novel and safe Nrf2 modulators for skin care may be challenging, new avenues can arise from natural compounds-based molecular modeling and emerging concepts such as epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Rozot
- Advanced Research, L'OREAL Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Laurent Marrot
- Advanced Research, L'OREAL Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis in Retinal Endothelial Cells by Regulating the lncRNA SNHG7/miR-2116-5p/SIRT3 Axis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6184631. [PMID: 36510610 PMCID: PMC9741534 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6184631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR), including retinal angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, is a serious complication in diabetic patients. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rg1 can prevent retinal damage. However, the mechanism by which Rg1 prevents retinal damage is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which Rg1 inhibits high glucose-induced complications through the regulation of the lncRNA SNHG7/miR-2116-5p/SIRT3 axis. Methods Under high glucose (HG) conditions, human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were cultured to simulate a DR environment, and Rg1 was added after 48 h. Negative control (NC), miR-2116-5p mimic, si-SNHG7, pc-DNA SIRT3, and miR-2116-5p inhibitor were transfected into HRECs, and CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell viability. Angiogenesis and transwell assays were used to evaluate angiogenesis and cell migration, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins. Luciferase reporter assays and bioinformatics were used to analyze the target binding sites of miR-2116-5p to lncRNA SNHG7 and SIRT3. Results The proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HRECs were induced by HG. As expected, HG upregulated miR-2116-5p and VEGF expression but downregulated lncRNA SNHG7 and SIRT3 expression. Importantly, Rg1 inhibited HG-induced HREC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by upregulating the lncRNA SNHG7, and miR-2116-5p had a target regulatory relationship with both lncRNA SNHG7 and SIRT3. Conclusion Rg1 inhibits HG-induced proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and VEGF expression in retinal endothelial cells through the lncRNA SNG7/miR-2116-5p/SIRT3 axis. This finding provides theoretical evidence for the clinical application of Rg1 in DR.
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Chaiprasongsuk A, Panich U. Role of Phytochemicals in Skin Photoprotection via Regulation of Nrf2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:823881. [PMID: 35645796 PMCID: PMC9133606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.823881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological studies have become increasingly valuable in the development of botanical products and their bioactive phytochemicals as novel and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases including skin photoaging and photodamage-related skin problems including abnormal pigmentation and inflammation. Exploring the roles of phytochemicals in mitigating ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin damage is thus of importance to offer insights into medicinal and ethnopharmacological potential for development of novel and effective photoprotective agents. UVR plays a role in the skin premature aging (or photoaging) or impaired skin integrity and function through triggering various biological responses of skin cells including apoptosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation. In addition, melanin produced by epidermal melanocytes play a protective role against UVR-induced skin damage and therefore hyperpigmentation mediated by UV irradiation could reflect a sign of defensive response of the skin to stress. However, alteration in melanin synthesis may be implicated in skin damage, particularly in individuals with fair skin. Oxidative stress induced by UVR contributes to the process of skin aging and inflammation through the activation of related signaling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) in epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. ROS formation induced by UVR also plays a role in regulation of melanogenesis in melanocytes via modulating MAPK, PI3K/Akt and the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)-microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signaling cascades. Additionally, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated antioxidant defenses can affect the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of photoaging, inflammation associated with skin barrier dysfunction and melanogenesis. This review thus highlights the roles of phytochemicals potentially acting as Nrf2 inducers in improving photoaging, inflammation and hyperpigmentation via regulation of cellular homeostasis involved in skin integrity and function. Taken together, understanding the role of phytochemicals targeting Nrf2 in photoprotection could provide an insight into potential development of natural products as a promising strategy to delay skin photoaging and improve skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Uraiwan Panich,
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Probable Mechanisms of Doxorubicin Antitumor Activity Enhancement by Ginsenoside Rh2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030628. [PMID: 35163891 PMCID: PMC8838402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 increases the efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) treatment in murine models of solid and ascites Ehrlich’s adenocarcinoma. In a solid tumor model (treatment commencing 7 days after inoculation), DOX + Rh2 co-treatment was significantly more efficacious than DOX alone. If treatment was started 24 h after inoculation, the inhibition of tumor growth of a solid tumor for the DOX + Rh2 co-treatment group was complete. Furthermore, survival in the ascites model was dramatically higher for the DOX + Rh2 co-treatment group than for DOX alone. Mechanisms underlying the combined DOX and Rh2 effects were studied in primary Ehrlich’s adenocarcinoma-derived cells and healthy mice’s splenocytes. Despite the previously established Rh2 pro-oxidant activity, DOX + Rh2 co-treatment revealed no increase in ROS compared to DOX treatment alone. However, DOX + Rh2 treatment was more effective in suppressing Ehrlich adenocarcinoma cell adhesion than either treatment alone. We hypothesize that the benefits of DOX + Rh2 combination treatment are due to the suppression of tumor cell attachment/invasion that might be effective in preventing metastatic spread of tumor cells. Ginsenoside Rh2 was found to be a modest activator in a Neh2-luc reporter assay, suggesting that Rh2 can activate the Nrf2-driven antioxidant program. Rh2-induced direct activation of Nrf2 might provide additional benefits by minimizing DOX toxicity towards non-cancerous cells.
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Pan F, Li YJ, Lu Y. Panax notoginseng saponins reverse P-gp-mediated steroid resistance in lupus: involvement in the suppression of the SIRT1/FoxO1/MDR1 signalling pathway in lymphocytes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:13. [PMID: 35022006 PMCID: PMC8756704 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated steroid resistance (SR) has been suggested to play a significant role in lupus nephritis (LN) treatment failure. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main effective components of the traditional Chinese medicine notoginseng, exhibited potent reversal capability of P-gp-mediated SR, but its mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PNS on reversing SR in lupus and its underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Methods In this study, an SR animal and splenic lymphocyte model were established using low-dose methylprednisolone (MP). Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of PNS on reversing P-gp-mediated SR and the expression of P-gp in different T-cells phenotypes. Serum levels of ANA and dsDNA in lupus mice were measured by ELISA. Apoptosis was identified by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. RT–PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of SIRT1, FoxO1, and MDR1 in SR splenic lymphocytes from lupus mice (SLCs/MPs). Results PNS could reverse the SR in lupus mice. Simultaneously, PNS increased the apoptotic effect of MP on SLCs/MP cells. The increased accumulation of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) indicated that intracellular steroid accumulation could be increased by the action of PNS. Moreover, PNS decreased the expression of P-gp levels. Further experiments elucidated that the SIRT1/FoxO1/MDR1 signalling pathway existed in SLCs/MP cells, and PNS suppressed its expression level to reverse SR. The expression of P-gp in Th17 from SLCs/MP cells was increased, while PNS could reduce its level in a more obvious trend. Conclusion The present study suggested that PNS reversed P-gp-mediated SR via the SIRT1/FoxO1/MDR1 signalling pathway, which might become a valuable drug for the treatment of SR in lupus. Th17 might be the main effector cell of PNS reversing SR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03499-5.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Ginsenosides on the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:307-322. [PMID: 34981486 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major signaling pathway for the maintenance of homeostasis and redox balance. This pathway also plays a significant role in proteostasis, xenobiotic/drug metabolism, apoptosis, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Conversely, the Nrf2 signaling pathway is impaired in several pathological conditions including cancer. Although various drugs have been developed to target the Nrf2 pathway, plant-derived chemicals than can potentially impact this pathway and are particularly attractive due to their minimal side effects. Ginsenosides are active components of ginseng and have been shown to exert pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetes, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. In this article, we have reviewed the effects of ginsenosides on Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ryšavá A, Vostálová J, Rajnochová Svobodová A. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the Nrf2 signaling pathway in skin cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1383-1403. [PMID: 34338112 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excessive exposure of skin to solar radiation is associated with greatly increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) resulting in oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, immunosuppression, the production of matrix metalloproteinase, DNA damage and mutations. These events lead to increased incidence of various skin disorders including photoaing and both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. The ultraviolet (UV) part of sunlight, in particular, is responsible for structural and cellular changes across the different layers of the skin. Among other effects, UV photons stimulate oxidative damage to biomolecules via the generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. In response to oxidative damage, cytoprotective pathways are triggered. One of these is the pathway driven by the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). This transcription factor translocates to the nucleus and drives the expression of numerous genes, among them various detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes. Several studies concerning the effects of UV radiation on Nrf2 activation have been published, but different UV wavelengths, skin cells or tissues and incubation periods were used in the experiments that complicate the evaluation of UV radiation effects. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the effects of UVB (280-315 nm) and UVA (315-400 nm) radiation on the Nrf2 signaling pathway in dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes. The effects of natural compounds (pure compounds or mixtures) on Nrf2 activation and level as well as on Nrf2-driven genes in UV irradiated human skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes are briefly mentioned as well.HighlightsUVB radiation is a rather poor activator of the Nrf2-driven pathway in fibroblastsUVA radiation stimulates Nrf2 activation in dermal fibroblastsEffects of UVA on the Nrf2 pathway in keratinocytes and melanocytes remain unclearLong-term Nrf2 activation in keratinocytes disturbs their normal differentiationPharmacological activation of Nrf2 in the skin needs to be performed carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Ryšavá
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostálová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochová Svobodová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kwan KKL, Yun H, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Ginsenosides attenuate bioenergetics and morphology of mitochondria in cultured PC12 cells under the insult of amyloid beta-peptide. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:473-481. [PMID: 34295207 PMCID: PMC8282498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the significant reasons for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ginsenosides, natural molecules extracted from Panax ginseng, have been demonstrated to exert essential neuroprotective functions, which can ascribe to its anti-oxidative effect, enhancing central metabolism and improving mitochondrial function. However, a comprehensive analysis of cellular mitochondrial bioenergetics after ginsenoside treatment under Aβ-oxidative stress is missing. METHODS The antioxidant activities of ginsenoside Rb1, Rd, Re, Rg1 were compared by measuring the cell survival and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Next, the protective effects of ginsenosides of mitochondrial bioenergetics were examined by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in PC12 cells under Aβ-oxidative stress with an extracellular flux analyzer. Meanwhile, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial dynamics were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Ginsenoside Rg1 possessed the strongest anti-oxidative property, and which therefore provided the best protective function to PC12 cells under the Aβ oxidative stress by increasing ATP production to 3 folds, spare capacity to 2 folds, maximal respiration to 2 folds and non-mitochondrial respiration to 1.5 folds, as compared to Aβ cell model. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg1 enhanced MMP and mitochondrial interconnectivity, and simultaneously reduced mitochondrial circularity. CONCLUSION In the present study, these results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 could be the best natural compound, as compared with other ginsenosides, by modulating the OCR of cultured PC12 cells during oxidative phosphorylation, in regulating MMP and in improving mitochondria dynamics under Aβ-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kin Leung Kwan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huang Yun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Chin TY, Wang CC, Ma KH, Kuo CW, Hu MK, Chueh SH. Antioxidative effect of DJ-1 is enhanced in NG108-15 cells by DPMQ-induced copper influx. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C635-C651. [PMID: 33356946 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00515.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of copper homeostasis is closely involved in neurodegenerative disorders. This study examined whether a hybrid copper-binding compound, (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenylimino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol (DPMQ), is able to protect NG108-15 cells against oxidative stress. We found that treatment of cells with rotenone or hydrogen peroxide increased cellular oxidative stress and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. The cellular levels of Nrf2 and the Cu2+ chaperone DJ-1 were also decreased. These oxidative detrimental effects were all inhibited when cells were cotreated with DPMQ. DPMQ increased cellular Cu2+ content, DJ-1 protein level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and Nrf2 nuclear translocation under basal state. The activity of SOD decreased under redox imbalance and this decrease was blocked by DPMQ treatment, while the protein level of SOD1 remained unaltered regardless of the oxidative stress and DPMQ treatment. Using endogenous proteins, coimmunoprecipitation showed that DJ-1 bound with SOD1 and Nrf2 individually. The amount of Nrf2, bound to DJ-1, consistently reflected its cellular level, while the amount of SOD1, bound to DJ-1, was potentiated by DPMQ, being greater in the basal state than under redox imbalance. Simultaneous inclusion of nonpermeable Cu2+ chelator tetrathiomolybdate or triethylenetetramine during DPMQ treatment blocked all aforementioned effects of DPMQ, showing that the dependency of the effect of DPMQ on extracellular Cu2+. In addition, silencing of DJ-1 blocked the protection of DPMQ against oxidative stress. Taken all together, our results suggest that DPMQ stabilizes DJ-1 in a Cu2+-dependent manner, which then brings about SOD1 activation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation; these together alleviate cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lee Y, Shin MH, Kim MK, Park CH, Shin HS, Lee DH, Chung JH. Ultraviolet irradiation-induced inhibition of histone deacetylase 4 increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 but decreases that of type I procollagen via activating JNK in human dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:107-114. [PMID: 33309320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the main contributing factor for skin aging. UV irradiation induces epigenetic changes in skin. It increases the activity of histone acetylases (HATs) but decreases that of histone deacetylases (HDACs). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate alterations in all classes of HDACs and sirtuins (SIRTs) in response to UV irradiation, and determine the HDACs regulating the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and type I procollagen. METHODS Primary human dermal fibroblasts were UV irradiated. HDAC4 was knocked-down or overexpressed to investigate its effect on the expression of MMP-1 and type I procollagen. The mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS Among 11 HDACs and 7 SIRTs, we found that the expression of HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC8, HDAC11, SIRT2, and SIRT3 were significantly and consistently reduced by UV at both mRNA and protein levels. Among these, the reduction of HDAC4 was responsible for the basal and UV-induced increase in the expression of MMP-1 and decrease in that of type I procollagen. Furthermore, the reduced HDAC4 could activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in an increase in MMP-1 and decrease in type I procollagen. CONCLUSIONS UV treatment decreases the expression of HDACs and SIRTs in dermal fibroblasts; in particular, the UV-induced reduction in the expression of HDAC4 might play an important role in regulating the expression of MMP-1 and type I procollagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Chen S, He Z, Xu J. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in photoaging: basic science and literature review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 33225962 PMCID: PMC7682102 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is mainly induced by continuous exposure to sun light, causing multiple unwanted skin characters and accelerating skin aging. Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) are promising in supporting skin repair because of their significant antioxidant capacity and strong proliferation, differentiation, and migration ability, as well as their enriched secretome containing various growth factors and cytokines. The identification of the mechanisms by which ADSCs perform these functions for photoaging has great potential to explore therapeutic applications and combat skin aging. We also review the basic mechanisms of UV-induced skin aging and recent improvement in pre-clinical applications of ADSCs associated with photoaging. Results showed that ADSCs are potential to address photoaging problem and might treat skin cancer. Compared with ADSCs alone, the secretome-based approaches and different preconditionings of ADSCs are more promising to overcome the current limitations and enhance the anti-photoaging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidie Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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14
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Natural Nrf2 Modulators for Skin Protection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090812. [PMID: 32882952 PMCID: PMC7556038 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of antioxidant responsive elements (ARE), which are commonly found in the promoter of the Phase II metabolism/antioxidant enzymes, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor that binds to ARE, the study conducted in this field has expanded remarkably over the decades, and the Nrf2-mediated pathway is now recognized to occupy a central position in cell defense mechanisms. Induction of the Phase II metabolism/antioxidant enzymes through direct activation of Nrf2 can be a promising strategy for preventing degenerative diseases in general, but a dark side of this strategy should be considered, as Nrf2 activation can enhance the survival of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the historical discovery of Nrf2 and the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2-mediated pathway, focusing on the interacting proteins and post-translational modifications. In addition, we discuss the latest studies that examined various natural Nrf2 modulators for the protective roles in the skin, in consideration of their dermatological and cosmetic applications. Studies are reviewed in the order of time of research as much as possible, to help understand how and why such studies were conducted under the circumstances of that time. We hope that this review can serve as a steppingstone in conducting more advanced research by providing a scientific basis for researchers newly entering this field.
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15
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Hu L, Liu F, Li L, Zhang L, Yan C, Li Q, Qiu J, Dong J, Sun J, Zhang H. Effects of icariin on cell injury and glucocorticoid resistance in BEAS-2B cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:283-292. [PMID: 32550884 PMCID: PMC7296294 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert a therapeutic effect in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tends to be GC-resistant. Icariin, a major component of flavonoids isolated from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (Berberidaceae), significantly relieves symptoms in patients with COPD. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear and further investigation is required to establish whether it may serve as an alternative or complementary therapy for COPD. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of icariin in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and to determine whether icariin reverses GC resistance. The results revealed that icariin significantly increased the proliferation of CSE-exposed cells. Furthermore, icariin significantly increased protein expression of the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-10 and significantly decreased protein expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α. Icariin also attenuated the expression of the cellular matrix remodelling biomarkers matrix metallopeptidase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, icariin regulated the expression of GC resistance-related factors, such as GC receptors, histone deacetylase 2, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor κ B. The results obtained in the present study suggested that icariin may decrease CSE-induced inflammation, airway remodelling and ROS production by mitigating GC resistance. In conclusion, icariin may potentially be used in combination with GCs to increase therapeutic efficacy and reduce GC resistance in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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16
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Shi Q, He Q, Chen W, Long J, Zhang B. Ginsenoside Rg1 abolish imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in BALB/c mice via downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13032. [PMID: 31502279 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This animal experiment was framed to evaluate the beneficial effect of ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) against imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model to reveal the underpinning mechanism. Fifty healthy BALB/c mice were divided into five groups as control, GRg1, IMQ induced, oral treatment of GRg1 (50 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (DXM; 10 mg/kg) in IMQ-induced mice. Treatment with GRg1 or DXM significantly mitigates (p < .01) psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score, skin thickness, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory markers (IL-23, 22, 17A, 1β, and TNF-α). Moreover, administration of GRg1 or DXM considerably reversed the morphological changes induced by IMQ with improved (p < .01) antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT). In addition, a marked downregulation (p < .01) of protein expressions of pIκB and NF-κB p65 (NF-κB signaling pathway) were noted in GRg1 group. Collectively, GRg1 or DXM treatment significantly abolishes IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis by lowering PASI score, inflammation through downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This is the very first study to explore the efficacy of ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) against IMQ-induced psoriasis in the mice model to reveal the underpinning mechanism. The results clearly showed that GRg1 potent anti-psoriasis activity by lowering PASI score, inflammation through downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Hence, this study helps in the development of novel nutraceutical/functional food against psoriasis and thus could improve the quality of life in psoriasis patients. However, further clinical trials are needed to justify the above results before developing a commercial functional food using GRg1 against psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwen Long
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital TCM, Wuhan, China
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17
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Hydrangenol Isolated from the Leaves of Hydrangea serrata Attenuates Wrinkle Formation and Repairs Skin Moisture in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102354. [PMID: 31581754 PMCID: PMC6835603 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that hydrangenol isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves exerts antiphotoaging activity in vitro. In this study, we determined its antiphotoaging effect in UVB-irradiated HR-1 hairless mice. We evaluated wrinkle formation, skin thickness, histological characteristics, and mRNA and protein expression using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in dorsal skins. Hydrangenol mitigated wrinkle formation, dorsal thickness, dehydration, and collagen degradation. Hydrangenol increased the expression of involucrin, filaggrin, and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) as well as hyaluronic acid (HA) production via hyaluronidase (HYAL)-1/-2 downregulation. Consistent with the recovery of collagen composition, the expression of Pro-COL1A1 was increased by hydrangenol. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/-3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was reduced by hydrangenol. Hydrangenol attenuated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK and p38, activator protein 1 (AP-1) subunit, and signal transduction and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1). Hydrangenol upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalysis subunit (GCLC). Taken together, our data suggest that hydrangenol can prevent wrinkle formation by reducing MMP and inflammatory cytokine levels and increasing the expression of moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes.
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18
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Liu XY, Xiao YK, Hwang E, Haeng JJ, Yi TH. Antiphotoaging and Antimelanogenesis Properties of Ginsenoside C-Y, a Ginsenoside Rb2 Metabolite from American Ginseng PDD-ginsenoside. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1412-1423. [PMID: 31074886 DOI: 10.1111/php.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are compounds responsible for the primary pharmacological effects of American ginseng. Compound-Y (C-Y) is a minor ginsenoside and a metabolite of Panax ginseng. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of ginsenoside UVB-irradiated NHDFs and its potential for use as an antihyperpigmentation agent through ginsenoside C-Y as a functional food and cosmetic ingredient. Ginsenoside C-Y is a natural antioxidant isolated from the American ginseng PDD-ginsenoside. Our data showed that ginsenoside C-Y block UVB-exposed ROS, restrict MMP-1 production and promote procollagen type I synthesis. Interestingly, ginsenoside C-Y suppresses UVB-exposed VEGF, and TNF-α secretion, could be related with NFAT signal path. Ginsenoside C-Y has exhibited photoaging effects by increasing TGF-β1 level, fortifying Nrf2 nuclear translocation and restricting AP-1 and MAPK phosphorylation. Assessment of the melanogenic response indicated that ginsenoside C-Y inhibited melanin secretion and tyrosinase activity and decreased melanin content in Melan-a and zebrafish embryos. These results suggest that ginsenoside C-Y can be used as a potential botanical agent to protect premature skin from UVB-induced photodamage and prevent skin hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Kun Xiao
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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19
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Liu J, Xu X, Jiang R, Sun L, Zhao D. Vanillic acid in Panax ginseng root extract inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells via inhibition of the NO/PKG signaling pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1205-1215. [PMID: 30999826 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1606694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer has been widely used in skin care. Our previous study showed that the phenolic acids in ginseng root extract (GRE) impart inhibitory effects on melanogenesis. In this study, we found that as the most abundant component of phenolic acids in GRE, vanillic acid decreased tyrosinase activity and melanin levels with or without α-MSH stimulation and suppressed the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and melanogenic enzymes in B16F10 cells. Furthermore, vanillic acid downregulated NOS activity, nitric oxide (NO) content, cGMP level, guanylate cyclase (GC) and protein kinase G (PKG) activity, and the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), whereas arbutin had no effect on the NO/PKG pathway. These findings indicate that vanillic acid in GRE suppressed melanogenesis by inhibiting the NO/PKG signaling pathways. This study provides a potential mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of ginseng on melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzeng Liu
- a Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy , Changchun University of Chinese Medicine , Changchun , PR China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- b Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine , the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine , Changchun , PR China
| | - Rui Jiang
- c Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science , Beihua University , Jilin , PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- b Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine , the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine , Changchun , PR China.,c Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science , Beihua University , Jilin , PR China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- a Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy , Changchun University of Chinese Medicine , Changchun , PR China
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20
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Zhang X, Chen J, Gao Z, Qi H, Dai Y, She W. Response of Glucocorticoid Receptor Alpha and Histone Deacetylase 2 to Glucocorticoid Treatment Predicts the Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 12:367-375. [PMID: 30993958 PMCID: PMC6787474 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2018.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) gene expression and protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with severe or profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and to explore the roles of GRs and HDAC2 in glucocorticoid (GC) insensitivity. Methods Fifty-five severe or profound SSNHL patients were enrolled in the study. According to hearing improvement after GC treatment, patients were assigned into two groups: GC-sensitive and GC-resistant. A normal reference group included 20 healthy volunteers without hearing loss. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to detect the relative expression of GRα, GRβ, and HDAC2 in PBMCs at the mRNA and protein levels. Results The protein levels of GRs and HDAC2 in PBMCs of SSNHL patients were lower than the normal reference values before GC treatment. Compared with the GC-resistant group, both the mRNA and protein levels of GRα and HDAC2 were significantly increased in the GC-sensitive group after GC treatment. Conclusion A lack of GRα and HDAC2 induction following steroid treatment in GC-resistant SSNHL patients may play a fundamental mechanistic role in GC insensitivity. Response of GRα and HDAC2 to steroid treatment may, thus, predict the prognosis of hearing improvement in SSNHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin City, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin City, China
| | - Ziwen Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing City, China
| | - Yanhong Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing City, China
| | - Wandong She
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing City, China
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21
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Liao D, Jia C, Sun P, Qi J, Li X. Quality evaluation of Panax quinquefolium from different cultivation regions based on their ginsenoside content and radioprotective effects on irradiated mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1079. [PMID: 30705366 PMCID: PMC6355895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are one of major types of bioactive compounds in American ginseng (AG) and utilized to assess the quality of various AG samples. The contents of ginsenosides showed cultivation region-related variation, which is possibly associated with AG’s pharmacological effect difference. Therefore, to reveal the quality difference of AGs in different cultivation regions, AG samples from seven cultivation regions were evaluated via analyzing their contents of nine ginsenosides and the biochemical parameters in AG-treated irradiated mice. Pre-administration of AG decoctions could reversely modulate the irradiation-induced changes of antioxidant enzymatic activity, cytokine level and hormone level in irradiated mice, which demonstrated that AG had the radioprotective effects due to its antioxidative, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, this radioprotection effect varied among different cultivation regions of AGs. Collectively, Beijing and Canada-cultivated AGs had the best radioprotection. Heilongjiang and Jilin-originated AGs had the similar pharmacological effects while USA, Shandong and Shaanxi-grown AGs had closer pharmacological effects. This biochemical measurements-based PCA and heatmap clustering of AGs from seven cultivation regions was nearly consistent with ginsencoside content- and the previous serum metabolome-based analyses. However, the pearson correlation analysis revealed that only Rb3 and Rd were significantly correlated with some of assayed biochemical parameters in irradiated mice pretreated with different cultivation regions of AG extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengqun Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Chan Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jianjun Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xian'en Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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22
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Gao Y, Chu S, Zhang Z, Chen N. Hepataprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:178-183. [PMID: 28427912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng has been used as efficient tonic and for the treatment of various diseases including hepatic disorders. Ginseng saponins, also known as ginsenosides, are principal constituents and have been treated to be responsible for disparate ginseng health benefits. The current review mainly focuses on ginsenoside Rg1, a compound isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Panax ginseng Meyer. AIMS To summary the hepataprotective effects and related mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1, we conclude this review by combining the literature and our own researches. METHODS As evidenced, we organized the pharmacological function of ginsenoside Rg1 by searching the pubmed. It has been deeply studied and summarized in the field of neurobiology, however, in this paper we described the pharmacological function of Rg1 in liver related to antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation. R&D: Individual ginsenoside could be used since it shows a wide array of beneficial functions in the regulation and disorders of acute and chronic hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in various pathways and different mechanisms. Of note, the antioxidant hepatic protection of ginsenoside Rg1 is mainly through the induction of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The multi-target actions of Rg1 substantiates it as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of hepatic impairment in different factors induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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