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Wei Y, Zhang E, Yu L, Ci B, Sakurai M, Guo L, Zhang X, Lin S, Takii S, Liu L, Liu J, Schmitz DA, Su T, Zhang J, Shen Q, Ding Y, Zhan L, Sun HX, Zheng C, Xu L, Okamura D, Ji W, Tan T, Wu J. Dissecting embryonic and extraembryonic lineage crosstalk with stem cell co-culture. Cell 2023; 186:5859-5875.e24. [PMID: 38052213 PMCID: PMC10916932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis necessitates harmonious coordination between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Although stem cells of both embryonic and extraembryonic origins have been generated, they are grown in different culture conditions. In this study, utilizing a unified culture condition that activates the FGF, TGF-β, and WNT pathways, we have successfully derived embryonic stem cells (FTW-ESCs), extraembryonic endoderm stem cells (FTW-XENs), and trophoblast stem cells (FTW-TSCs) from the three foundational tissues of mouse and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) blastocysts. This approach facilitates the co-culture of embryonic and extraembryonic stem cells, revealing a growth inhibition effect exerted by extraembryonic endoderm cells on pluripotent cells, partially through extracellular matrix signaling. Additionally, our cross-species analysis identified both shared and unique transcription factors and pathways regulating FTW-XENs. The embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell co-culture strategy offers promising avenues for developing more faithful embryo models and devising more developmentally pertinent differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - E Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Leqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baiquan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sirui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shino Takii
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Daniel A Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Linfeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | | | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Vrij EJ, Scholte op Reimer YS, Fuentes LR, Guerreiro IM, Holzmann V, Aldeguer JF, Sestini G, Koo BK, Kind J, van Blitterswijk CA, Rivron NC. A pendulum of induction between the epiblast and extra-embryonic endoderm supports post-implantation progression. Development 2022; 149:dev192310. [PMID: 35993866 PMCID: PMC9534490 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is supported by dynamic loops of cellular interactions. Here, we create a partial mouse embryo model to elucidate the principles of epiblast (Epi) and extra-embryonic endoderm co-development (XEn). We trigger naive mouse embryonic stem cells to form a blastocyst-stage niche of Epi-like cells and XEn-like cells (3D, hydrogel free and serum free). Once established, these two lineages autonomously progress in minimal medium to form an inner pro-amniotic-like cavity surrounded by polarized Epi-like cells covered with visceral endoderm (VE)-like cells. The progression occurs through reciprocal inductions by which the Epi supports the primitive endoderm (PrE) to produce a basal lamina that subsequently regulates Epi polarization and/or cavitation, which, in return, channels the transcriptomic progression to VE. This VE then contributes to Epi bifurcation into anterior- and posterior-like states. Similarly, boosting the formation of PrE-like cells within blastoids supports developmental progression. We argue that self-organization can arise from lineage bifurcation followed by a pendulum of induction that propagates over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Vrij
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne S. Scholte op Reimer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laury Roa Fuentes
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Isabel Misteli Guerreiro
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, UtrechtUppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Holzmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Javier Frias Aldeguer
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, UtrechtUppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Sestini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jop Kind
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, UtrechtUppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicolas C. Rivron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Herchcovici Levy S, Feldman Cohen S, Arnon L, Lahav S, Awawdy M, Alajem A, Bavli D, Sun X, Buganim Y, Ram O. Esrrb is a cell-cycle-dependent associated factor balancing pluripotency and XEN differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1334-1350. [PMID: 35594859 PMCID: PMC9214067 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle and differentiation decisions are linked; however, the underlying principles that drive these decisions are unclear. Here, we combined cell-cycle reporter system and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling to study the transcriptomes of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the context of cell-cycle states and differentiation. By applying retinoic acid, to G1 and G2/M ESCs, we show that, while both populations can differentiate toward epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), only G2/M ESCs could differentiate into extraembryonic endoderm cells. We identified Esrrb, a pluripotency factor that is upregulated during G2/M, as a driver of extraembryonic endoderm stem cell (XEN) differentiation. Furthermore, enhancer chromatin states based on wild-type (WT) and ESRRB knockout (KO) ESCs show association of ESRRB with XEN poised enhancers. G1 cells overexpressing Esrrb allow ESCs to produce XENs, while ESRRB-KO ESCs lost their potential to differentiate into XEN. Overall, this study reveals a vital link between Esrrb and cell-cycle states during the exit from pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Herchcovici Levy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sharon Feldman Cohen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Lee Arnon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomtzion Lahav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Muhammad Awawdy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Adi Alajem
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Danny Bavli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Oren Ram
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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4
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Quan Y, Wang X, Li L. In vitro investigation of mammalian peri-implantation embryogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:205-211. [PMID: 35294001 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryos attach and invade into the uterus and establish the connection with their mother in peri-implantation development. During this period, the pluripotent epiblast cells of embryo undergo symmetry breaking, cell lineage allocation, and morphogenetic remodeling, accompanying with the dramatic changes of transcriptome, epigenome, and signal pathways, to prepare a state for their differentiation and gastrulation. The progresses in mouse genetics and stem cell biology have largely advanced the knowledge of these transformations which are largely hindered by the hard accessibility of natural embryos. To gain insight into mammalian peri-implantation development, great efforts have been made in the field. Recently, the advances in the prolonged in vitro culture of blastocysts, the derivation of multiple pluripotent stem cells, as well as the construction of stem cell-based embryo-like models have opened novel avenues to investigate peri-implantation development in mammals, especially for the humans. Combining with other emerging new technologies, these new models will substantially promote the comprehension of mammalian peri-implantation development, accelerating the progress of reproductive and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Posfai E, Lanner F, Mulas C, Leitch HG. All models are wrong, but some are useful: Establishing standards for stem cell-based embryo models. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1117-1141. [PMID: 33979598 PMCID: PMC8185978 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed studies of the embryo allow an increasingly mechanistic understanding of development, which has proved of profound relevance to human disease. The last decade has seen in vitro cultured stem cell-based models of embryo development flourish, which provide an alternative to the embryo for accessible experimentation. However, the usefulness of any stem cell-based embryo model will be determined by how accurately it reflects in vivo embryonic development, and/or the extent to which it facilitates new discoveries. Stringent benchmarking of embryo models is thus an important consideration for this growing field. Here we provide an overview of means to evaluate both the properties of stem cells, the building blocks of most embryo models, as well as the usefulness of current and future in vitro embryo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Mulas
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry G Leitch
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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6
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Park CH, Jeoung YH, Uh KJ, Park KE, Bridge J, Powell A, Li J, Pence L, Zhang L, Liu T, Sun HX, Gu Y, Shen Y, Wu J, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Telugu BP. Extraembryonic Endoderm (XEN) Cells Capable of Contributing to Embryonic Chimeras Established from Pig Embryos. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:212-223. [PMID: 33338433 PMCID: PMC7897585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our current knowledge regarding early lineage specification and embryo-derived stem cells comes from studies in rodent models. However, key gaps remain in our understanding of these developmental processes from nonrodent species. Here, we report the detailed characterization of pig extraembryonic endoderm (pXEN) cells, which can be reliably and reproducibly generated from primitive endoderm (PrE) of blastocyst. Highly expandable pXEN cells express canonical PrE markers and transcriptionally resemble rodent XENs. The pXEN cells contribute both to extraembryonic tissues including visceral yolk sac as well as embryonic gut when injected into host blastocysts, and generate live offspring when used as a nuclear donor in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The pXEN cell lines provide a novel model for studying lineage segregation, as well as a source for genome editing in livestock. Primitive endoderm (PrE) is the predominant lineage emerging from pig blastocyst outgrowths pXEN cells exhibit key features of PrE-progenitors and resemble rodent XEN cells pXEN cells contribute to extraembryonic and embryonic (gut) endoderm in vivo pXEN cells can support full-term development via somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hun Park
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Young-Hee Jeoung
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Kyung-Jun Uh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ki-Eun Park
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; RenOVAte Biosciences Inc, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA
| | - Jessica Bridge
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Anne Powell
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; RenOVAte Biosciences Inc, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA
| | - Jie Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Laramie Pence
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tianbin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; RenOVAte Biosciences Inc, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA.
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7
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Li Y, Wu S, Yu Y, Zhang H, Wei R, Lv J, Cai M, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Derivation of porcine extraembryonic endoderm-like cells from blastocysts. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12782. [PMID: 32196806 PMCID: PMC7162807 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells are isolated from primitive endoderm (PrE) of blastocysts. Just like PrE, XEN cells have the ability to differentiate into parietal endoderm (PE) and visceral endoderm (VE), and therefore, they are useful tools for studying mechanisms of PrE cells development and differentiation. Pig is an ideal model for studying human cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and a potential organ source for allotransplantation, while no XEN cell has been obtained from porcine embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a serum-free culture system, we directly derived porcine extraembryonic endoderm-like cells (pXEN-like cells) from day 6-7 blastocysts, which could maintain self-renewal for at least 30 passages. RESULTS The pXEN-like cells resembled mouse XEN cells with large and flat clone morphology and expressed XEN marker genes but not pluripotent genes. Upon in vitro induction, the cells could differentiate into VE and PE. FGF/MEK signalling was not only essential for the maintenance of pXEN-like cells, but also the induction of pXEN-like cells from porcine embryonic stem (pES) cells. CONCLUSIONS We directly obtained cell lines with XEN characteristics from porcine embryos for the first time. The cells will be helpful tools for studying embryonic development and cell differentiation, which also represent promising cell sources for human regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Renyue Wei
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiawei Lv
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Mingming Cai
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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8
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Roles of MicroRNAs in Establishing and Modulating Stem Cell Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153643. [PMID: 31349654 PMCID: PMC6696000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic development in mammals, from fertilization to implantation, can be viewed as a process in which stem cells alternate between self-renewal and differentiation. During this process, the fates of stem cells in embryos are gradually specified, from the totipotent state, through the segregation of embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, to the molecular and cellular defined progenitors. Most of those stem cells with different potencies in vivo can be propagated in vitro and recapitulate their differentiation abilities. Complex and coordinated regulations, such as epigenetic reprogramming, maternal RNA clearance, transcriptional and translational landscape changes, as well as the signal transduction, are required for the proper development of early embryos. Accumulated studies suggest that Dicer-dependent noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small-interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs), are involved in those regulations and therefore modulate biological properties of stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Elucidating roles of these noncoding RNAs will give us a more comprehensive picture of mammalian embryonic development and enable us to modulate stem cell potencies. In this review, we will discuss roles of miRNAs in regulating the maintenance and cell fate potential of stem cells in/from mouse and human early embryos.
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Shen Q, Yu S, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhu Z, Pan Q, Lv S, Niu H, Li N, Peng S, Liao M, Wang H, Lei A, Miao Y, Liu Z, Hua J. Characterization of porcine extraembryonic endoderm cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12591. [PMID: 30896067 PMCID: PMC6536407 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, many efforts have been made to establish porcine embryonic stem (pES) cells without success. Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells can self-renew and differentiate into the visceral endoderm and parietal endoderm. XEN cells are derived from the primitive endoderm of the inner cell mass of blastocysts and may be an intermediate state in cell reprogramming. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine XEN cells (pXENCs) were generated from porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) and were characterized by RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence analyses. The developmental potential of pXENCs was investigated in chimeric mouse embryos. RESULTS Porcine XEN cells derived from porcine pPSCs were successfully expanded in N2B27 medium supplemented with bFGF for least 30 passages. RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence analyses showed that pXENCs expressed the murine and canine XEN markers Gata6, Gata4, Sox17 and Pdgfra but not the pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2 and TE marker Cdx2. Moreover, these cells contributed to the XEN when injected into four-cell stage mouse embryos. Supplementation with Chir99021 and SB431542 promoted the pluripotency of the pXENCs. CONCLUSIONS We successfully derived pXENCs and showed that supplementation with Chir99021 and SB431542 confer them with pluripotency. Our results provide a new resource for investigating the reprogramming mechanism of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao‐Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhen‐Shuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Qin Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hui‐Min Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ming‐zhi Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hua‐Yan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - An‐Min Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yi‐Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life ScienceNorth‐East Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jin‐Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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10
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Zhong Y, Binas B. Transcriptome analysis shows ambiguous phenotypes of murine primitive endoderm-related stem cell lines. Genes Cells 2019; 24:324-331. [PMID: 30821040 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primitive endoderm (PrE)-related cell lines (XEN, pXEN and nEnd cells) show key features of the PrE. By transcriptome analysis, we show: (a) Compared to embryonic stem cells, PrE-related cell lines are less in vivo like, although early nEnd cells are most similar to the PrE. (b) These cell lines show post-PrE features of parietal (XEN and pXEN cells) or visceral (nEnd cells) endoderm, likely driven by Tgf-β and Wnt/Activin signaling, respectively. (c) pXEN and nEnd cell lines additionally show pre-PrE features. Hence, neither pXEN nor nEnd cell cultures represent a distinct in vivo entity. Rather, their properties are compatible with mixed and hybrid phenotypes. Our findings indicate that pre-PrE, PrE and early post-PrE phenotypes result from different niches, which need to be better understood to derive cell lines that distinctly represent the early stages of the extraembryonic endoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Zhong
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bert Binas
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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11
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Watts J, Lokken A, Moauro A, Ralston A. Capturing and Interconverting Embryonic Cell Fates in a Dish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 128:181-202. [PMID: 29477163 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the early embryo are totipotent because they will differentiate to produce the fetus and its surrounding extraembryonic tissues. By contrast, embryonic stem (ES) cells are considered to be merely pluripotent because they lack the ability to efficiently produce extraembryonic cell types. The relatively limited developmental potential of ES cells can be explained by the observation that ES cells are derived from the embryo after its cells have already begun to specialize and lose totipotency. Meanwhile, at the time that pluripotent ES cell progenitors are specified, so are the multipotent progenitors of two extraembryonic stem cell types: trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells. Notably, all three embryo-derived stem cell types are capable of either self-renewing or differentiating in a lineage-appropriate manner. These three types of embryo-derived stem cell serve as paradigms for defining the genes and pathways that define and maintain unique stem cell identities. Remarkably, some of the mechanisms that maintain the specific developmental potential of each stem cell line do so by preventing conversion to another stem cell fate. This chapter highlights noteworthy studies that have identified the genes and pathways that normally limit the interconversion of stem cell identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Watts
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Program in Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Graduate Program in Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alyson Lokken
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra Moauro
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Graduate Program in Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Amy Ralston
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Program in Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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12
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XEN and the Art of Stem Cell Maintenance: Molecular Mechanisms Maintaining Cell Fate and Self-Renewal in Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem (XEN) Cell Lines. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 229:69-78. [PMID: 29177765 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The extraembryonic endoderm is one of the first cell types specified during mammalian development. This extraembryonic lineage is known to play multiple important roles throughout mammalian development, including guiding axial patterning and inducing formation of the first blood cells during embryogenesis. Moreover, recent studies have uncovered striking conservation between mouse and human embryos during the stages when extraembryonic endoderm cells are first specified, in terms of both gene expression and morphology. Therefore, mouse embryos serve as an excellent model for understanding the pathways that maintain extraembryonic endoderm cell fate. In addition, self-renewing multipotent stem cell lines, called XEN cells, have been derived from the extraembryonic endoderm of mouse embryos. Mouse XEN cell lines provide an additional tool for understanding the basic mechanisms that contribute to maintaining lineage potential, a resource for identifying how extraembryonic ectoderm specifies fetal cell types, and serve as a paradigm for efforts to establish human equivalents. Given the potential conservation of essential extraembryonic endoderm roles, human XEN cells would provide a considerable advance. However, XEN cell lines have not yet been successfully derived from human embryos. Given the potential utility of human XEN cell lines, this chapter focuses on reviewing the mechanisms known to govern the stem cell properties of mouse XEN, in hopes of facilitating new ways to establish human XEN cell lines.
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13
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Lin J, Khan M, Zapiec B, Mombaerts P. PDGFRA Is Not Essential for the Derivation and Maintenance of Mouse Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem Cell Lines. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1062-1070. [PMID: 28919262 PMCID: PMC5639183 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cell lines can be derived and maintained in vitro and reflect the primitive endoderm lineage. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) is thought to be essential for the derivation and maintenance of mouse XEN cell lines. Here, we have re-evaluated this requirement for PDGFRA. We derived multiple PDGFRA-deficient XEN cell lines from postimplantation and preimplantation embryos of a PDGFRA-GFP knockout strain. We also converted PDGFRA-deficient embryonic stem cell lines into XEN cell lines chemically by transient culturing with retinoic acid and Activin A. We confirmed the XEN profile of our 12 PDGFRA-deficient cell lines by immunofluorescence with various markers, by NanoString gene expression analyses, and by their contribution to the extraembryonic endoderm of chimeric embryos produced by injecting these cells into blastocysts. Thus, PDGFRA is not essential for the derivation and maintenance of XEN cell lines. PDGFRA is thought to be essential for extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells We derived multiple XEN cell lines from a PDGFRA-GFP knockout strain We chemically converted PDGFRA-deficient ESC lines into XEN cell lines Thus, PDGFRA is not essential for the derivation and maintenance of XEN cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Lin
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mona Khan
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bolek Zapiec
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Mombaerts
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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