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Yao Z, Guo H, Wang Y, Zhan Y, Zhang T, Wang R, Zheng X, Butterbach-Bahl K. A global meta-analysis of yield-scaled N 2 O emissions and its mitigation efforts for maize, wheat, and rice. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17177. [PMID: 38348630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining or even increasing crop yields while reducing nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions is necessary to reconcile food security and climate change, while the metric of yield-scaled N2 O emission (i.e., N2 O emissions per unit of crop yield) is at present poorly understood. Here we conducted a global meta-analysis with more than 6000 observations to explore the variation patterns and controlling factors of yield-scaled N2 O emissions for maize, wheat and rice and associated potential mitigation options. Our results showed that the average yield-scaled N2 O emissions across all available data followed the order wheat (322 g N Mg-1 , with the 95% confidence interval [CI]: 301-346) > maize (211 g N Mg-1 , CI: 198-225) > rice (153 g N Mg-1 , CI: 144-163). Yield-scaled N2 O emissions for individual crops were generally higher in tropical or subtropical zones than in temperate zones, and also showed a trend towards lower intensities from low to high latitudes. This global variation was better explained by climatic and edaphic factors than by N fertilizer management, while their combined effect predicted more than 70% of the variance. Furthermore, our analysis showed a significant decrease in yield-scaled N2 O emissions with increasing N use efficiency or in N2 O emissions for production systems with cereal yields >10 Mg ha-1 (maize), 6.6 Mg ha-1 (wheat) or 6.8 Mg ha-1 (rice), respectively. This highlights that N use efficiency indicators can be used as valuable proxies for reconciling trade-offs between crop production and N2 O mitigation. For all three major staple crops, reducing N fertilization by up to 30%, optimizing the timing and placement of fertilizer application or using enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers significantly reduced yield-scaled N2 O emissions at similar or even higher cereal yields. Our data-driven assessment provides some key guidance for developing effective and targeted mitigation and adaptation strategies for the sustainable intensification of cereal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Pioneer Center Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Ren J, Feng P, Batchelor WD, Hu K, Liu H, Lv S. Ground Cover Rice Production System Affects Soil Water, Nitrogen Dynamics and Crop Growth Differentially with or without Climate Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3866. [PMID: 38005763 PMCID: PMC10674629 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The ground cover rice production system (GCRPS) has been proposed as a potential solution to alleviate seasonal drought and early low-temperature stress in hilly mountainous areas; clarifying its impact on crop growth is crucial to enhance rice productivity in these areas. A two-year (2021-2022) field experiment was conducted in the hilly mountains of southwest China to compare the effects of the traditional flooding paddy (Paddy) and GCRPS under three different nitrogen (N) management practices (N1, zero-N fertilizer; N2, 135 kg N ha-1 as a urea-based fertilizer; and N3, 135 kg N ha-1 with a 3:2 base-topdressing ratio as urea fertilizer for the Paddy or a 1:1 basal application ratio as urea and manure for GCRPS) on soil water storage, soil mineral N content and crop growth parameters, including plant height, tiller numbers, the leaf area index (LAI), aboveground dry matter (DM) dynamics and crop yield. The results showed that there was a significant difference in rainfall between the two growth periods, with 906 mm and 291 mm in 2021 and 2022, respectively. While GCRPS did not significantly affect soil water storage, soil mineral N content, and plant height, it led to a reduction in partial tiller numbers (1.1% to 31.6%), LAI (0.6% to 20.4%), DM (4.4% to 18.8%), and crop yield (7.4% to 22.0%) in 2021 (wet year) compared to the Paddy. However, in 2022 (dry year), GCRPS led to an increase in tiller numbers (13.7% to 115.4%), LAI (17.3% to 81.0%), DM (9.0% to 62.6%), and crop yield (2.9% to 9.2%) compared to the Paddy. Structural equation modeling indicated that GCRPS significantly affected tiller numbers, plant height, LAI, DM, and productive tiller numbers, which indirectly influenced crop yield by significantly affecting tiller numbers and productive tiller numbers in 2022. Overall, the effects of GCRPS on soil water and N dynamics were not significant. In 2021, with high rainfall, no drought, and no early, low-temperature stress, the GCRPS suppressed crop growth and reduced yield, while in 2022, with drought and early low-temperature stress and low rainfall, the GCRPS promoted crop growth and increased yield, with tiller numbers and productive tiller numbers being the key factors affecting crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (J.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Puyu Feng
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (J.R.); (P.F.)
| | | | - Kelin Hu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (J.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shihua Lv
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.L.); (S.L.)
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Shah ST, Basit A, Mohamed HI, Ullah I, Sajid M, Sohrab A. Der Einsatz von Mulchen bei verschiedenen Bodenbearbeitungsbedingungen reduziert den Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen – ein Überblick. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2023; 75:455-477. [DOI: 10.1007/s10343-022-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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Yang J, Song K, Tu C, Li L, Feng Y, Li R, Xu H, Luo Y. Distribution and weathering characteristics of microplastics in paddy soils following long-term mulching: A field study in Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159774. [PMID: 36334659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural plastic-film residues have been considered as one of the important sources of microplastics in the agroecosystem. However, limited researches were conducted on the accumulation of microplastics in long-term film-mulched paddy soil. This study aims to investigate the distribution and the weathering characteristics of filmy microplastics in a mulched paddy field (non-mulch, four years of mulched, and ten years of continuous mulched soil were investigated) in Southwest China. More than 50 % of the microplastics in the mulched soil were 1-3 mm, whereas the largest percentage of the microplastics in the non-mulched soil was <1 mm (55.3 %). Microplastic compositions in this field mainly consist of polyester (PES) and polyethylene (PE) (82.1 %). The abundance of microplastics increases with the film mulching time, which were 76.2 ± 18.4, 118.6 ± 44.8, and 159.6 ± 23.5 items kg-1 in soil with non-mulching, four years of mulching, and ten years of continuous mulching, respectively. The filmy microplastics accumulated annually in the plough layer is estimated at 18.1 million items ha-1. Weathering characteristics of filmy microplastics extracted from paddy soil were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDS, AFM, and contact angle meter. The vinyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl indices calculated from FTIR results showed that the degradation degree of microplastics incereased as mulching time rose; compared with commercial PE films, the oxygen-containing functional groups of soil-extracted PE films were increased. This study revealed the status of microplastic pollution in paddy soil with long-term mulching. It provided primary data and a scientific basis for further study on environmental behavior and ecological impacts of microplastics in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yudong Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Northwest Institute of Eco-Environments and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Seasonal Variations in Grain Yield, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Sequestration for Maize Cultivation in Bangladesh. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crop agriculture are of great concern in the context of changing climatic conditions; however, in most cases, data based on lifecycle assessments are not available for grain yield variations or the carbon footprint of maize. The current study aimed to determine net carbon emissions and sequestration for maize grown in Bangladesh. Methods: The static closed-chamber technique was used to determine total GHG emissions using data on GHG emissions from maize fields and secondary sources for inputs. A secondary source for regional yield data was used in the current study. GHG emission intensity is defined as the ratio of total emissions to grain yield. The net GHG emission/carbon sequestration was determined by subtracting total GHG emissions (CO2 eq.) from net primary production (NPP). Results: Grain yields varied from 1590 to 9300 kg ha−1 in the wet season and from 680 to 11,820 kg ha−1 in the dry season. GHG emission intensities were 0.53–2.21 and 0.37–1.70 kg CO2 eq. kg−1 grain in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. In Bangladesh, the total estimated GHG emissions were 1.66–4.09 million tonnes (MT) CO2 eq. from 2015 to 2020, whereas the net total CO2 sequestration was 1.51–3.91 MT. The net CO2 sequestration rates were 984.3–5757.4 kg ha−1 in the wet season and 1188.62–5757.39 kg ha−1 in the dry season. This study observed spatial variations in carbon emissions and sequestration depending on growing seasons. In the rice–maize pattern, maize sequestered about 1.23 MT CO2 eq. per year−1, but rice emitted about 0.16 MT CO2 eq. per year−1. This study showed potential spatiotemporal variations in carbon footprints. Recommendation: Special care is needed to improve maize grain yields in the wet season. Fertiliser and water use efficiencies need to be improved to minimise GHG emissions under changing climatic conditions. Efforts to increase the area under cultivation with rice–maize or other non-rice crop-based cropping systems are needed to augment CO2 sequestration. The generation of a regional data bank on carbon footprints would be beneficial for combating the impact of climate change.
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Wang A, Chang Q, Chen C, Zhong X, Yuan K, Yang M, Wu W. Degradation characteristics of biodegradable film and its effects on soil nutrients in tillage layer, growth and development of taro and yield formation. AMB Express 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35732981 PMCID: PMC9218028 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation characteristics of different biodegradable film and its effects on soil nutrients in tillage layer, growth and development of taro and yield formation. Field experiment with biodegradable films, including poly-(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) PBAT, (poly-carbon dioxide) PCO2, (poly propylene carbonate) PPC, as well as common mulch film (CK1) and uncovered mulch film (CK2) were conducted on Longxiang taro in 2020 and 2021 respectively. The degradation rate of the three biodegradable films was PBAT > PPC > PCO2. Compared with CK1, the alkali-hydrolyzed N of PBAT at the growth stage and fruiting stage significantly increased in 2020 and 2021, respectively (both, P < 0.05). The average content of available P of PPC at seedling stage was higher than that in PCO2, and CK1 was significantly decreased compared with that in CK2 (all, P < 0.05). The content of soil available K and organic matter in different growth stages of taro in all film mulching treatments were decreased in comparison to CK2. Moreover, compared with CK2, PCO2 biodegradable film significantly increased plant height at seedling and growth stage, stem diameter at growth stage, and leaf area index at fruiting stage (all, P < 0.05). Similarly, the yield of mother and filial bulbs of PPC, PCO2 and PBAT were significantly higher than those of CK2 in 2020 and 2021, respectively (all, P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in starch, polysaccharide and protein contents among different treatments. The three biodegradable films, especially PCO2, can significantly affect soil nutrient content, promote plant growth and improve taro yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wang
- Special Grain Classics Laboratory, Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 56 Autumn Snow Lake Avenue, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Qingtao Chang
- Special Grain Classics Laboratory, Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 56 Autumn Snow Lake Avenue, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Chunsheng Chen
- Department of Vegetable, Xinghua Modern Agriculture Development Service Center, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhong
- Department of Vegetable, Xinghua Modern Agriculture Development Service Center, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Kexiang Yuan
- Department of Vegetable, Xinghua Modern Agriculture Development Service Center, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Xinghua Meihua Vegetable Planting Cooperative, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Special Grain Classics Laboratory, Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 56 Autumn Snow Lake Avenue, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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Pitaloka MK, Caine RS, Hepworth C, Harrison EL, Sloan J, Chutteang C, Phunthong C, Nongngok R, Toojinda T, Ruengphayak S, Arikit S, Gray JE, Vanavichit A. Induced Genetic Variations in Stomatal Density and Size of Rice Strongly Affects Water Use Efficiency and Responses to Drought Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801706. [PMID: 35693177 PMCID: PMC9174926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop relied upon by billions of people worldwide. However, with increasing pressure from climate change and rapid population growth, cultivation is very water-intensive. Therefore, it is critical to produce rice that is high-yielding and genetically more water-use efficient. Here, using the stabilized fast-neutron mutagenized population of Jao Hom Nin (JHN) - a popular purple rice cultivar - we microscopically examined hundreds of flag leaves to identify four stomatal model mutants with either high density (HD) or low density (LD) stomata, and small-sized (SS) or large-sized (LS) stomata. With similar genetic background and uniformity, the stomatal model mutants were used to understand the role of stomatal variants on physiological responses to abiotic stress. Our results show that SS and HD respond better to increasing CO2 concentration and HD has higher stomatal conductance (gs) compared to the other stomatal model mutants, although the effects on gas exchange or overall plant performance were small under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the results of our drought experiments suggest that LD and SS can better adapt to restricted water conditions, and LD showed higher water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass/plant than other stomatal model mutants under long-term restricted water treatment. Finally, our study suggests that reducing stomata density and size may play a promising role for further work on developing a climate-ready rice variety to adapt to drought and heat stress. We propose that low stomata density and small size have high potential as genetic donors for improving WUE in climate-ready rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiara K. Pitaloka
- Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Robert S. Caine
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hepworth
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Emily L. Harrison
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Sloan
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Cattleya Chutteang
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Rangsan Nongngok
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | | | - Siwaret Arikit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Julie E. Gray
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Thailand
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Guo C, Liu X. Effect of soil mulching on agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in China: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262120. [PMID: 35061765 PMCID: PMC8782494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human demand for food has been increasing as population grows around the world. Meanwhile, global temperature has been rising with the increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although soil mulching (SM) is an effective method to increase crop yield because it could conserve soil moisture and temperature, it is also an important factor affecting GHG productions and emissions. At present, research results in terms of the impact of SM on agricultural GHG emissions are still inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of SM on crop yield and GHG emissions in China. Overall, SM significantly enhanced not only crop yield, but also GHG emissions. Compared with no soil mulching (NSM), SM improved crop yield by 21.84%, while increased global warming potential (GWP) by 11.38%. To minimize the negative impact of SM on GHG, for maize and wheat in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid zones, it is recommended to use flat full mulching with grave or straw plus drip irrigation under neutral or weakly alkaline soil with bulk density <1.3g cm-3. For rice in humid regions, it is advisable to apply SM to minimize GHG emissions by significantly decreasing CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Guo
- College of Economics, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xufei Liu
- College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Li Y, Li L, Yu Y, Hu Q, Li X. Impact of Dietary Protein Content on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities in a Rice-Crab Co-culture System. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:696427. [PMID: 34234767 PMCID: PMC8256891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.696427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although co-culture of paddy fields with aquatic animals is lucrative, the ecological impacts of high-protein content entering the agricultural soil via animal pellet feed and feces have not been well studied. Moreover, the effects of dietary protein on soils and soil microbes remain unclear. To elucidate this, we examined soil bacterial and fungal community composition and temporal changes in paddy fields subjected to different protein-content diets via 16S/18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis with a high-throughput next-generation sequencer. MiSeq sequencing revealed that protein content significantly impacted fungal community structure. High-protein diets reduced bacterial community diversity and relative abundance in both July and October. The phylum-level bacterial taxonomic composition was not affected by diet treatment, while in fungi, a major phylum-level shift was evident. Hierarchically clustered analysis showed that high-protein diets significantly reduced the relative abundance of Brevundimonas in both July and October. Saprotrophic macrofungal diversity was negatively related to dietary protein content. Considering microbial community structure and environmental factors, ca. 15% protein content is appropriate for the rice-crab co-culture system that we studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lisong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingbiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang S, Yang C, Ni X, Xu L, Cheng F, Pan G, Wang F, Huang J, Tian H, Zhou Q. Highly reflective algae for enhancing climate change resilience in rice production. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xin Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ligen Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Gang Pan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fumin Wang
- College of Environment and Resources Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jingfeng Huang
- College of Environment and Resources Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Yao Z, Wang R, Zheng X, Mei B, Zhou Z, Xie B, Dong H, Liu C, Han S, Xu Z, Butterbach-Bahl K, Zhu J. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 reduces yield-scaled N 2 O fluxes from subtropical rice systems: Six site-years field experiments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:327-339. [PMID: 33073899 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 are expected to enhance crop yields and alter soil greenhouse gas fluxes from rice paddies. While elevated CO2 ( E CO 2 ) effects on CH4 emissions from rice paddies have been studied in some detail, little is known how E CO 2 might affect N2 O fluxes or yield-scaled emissions. Here, we report on a multi-site, multi-year in-situ FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) study, aiming to determine N2 O fluxes and crop yields from Chinese subtropical rice systems as affected by E CO 2 . In this study, we tested various N fertilization and residue addition treatments, with rice being grown under either E CO 2 (+200 μmol/mol) or ambient control. Across the six site-years, rice straw and grain yields under E CO 2 were increased by 9%-40% for treatments fertilized with ≥150 kg N/ha, while seasonal N2 O emissions were decreased by 23%-73%. Consequently, yield-scaled N2 O emissions were significantly lower under E CO 2 . For treatments receiving insufficient fertilization (≤125 kg N/ha), however, no significant E CO 2 effects on N2 O emissions were observed. The mitigating effect of E CO 2 upon N2 O emissions is closely associated with plant N uptake and a reduction of soil N availability. Nevertheless, increases in yield-scaled N2 O emissions with increasing N surplus suggests that N surplus is a useful indicator for assessing N2 O emissions from rice paddies. Our findings indicate that with rising atmospheric CO2 soil N2 O emissions from rice paddies will decrease, given that the farmers' N fertilization is usually sufficient for crop growth. The expected decrease in N2 O emissions was calculated to compensate 24% of the simultaneously observed increase in CH4 emissions under E CO 2 . This shows that for an agronomic and environmental assessment of E CO 2 effects on rice systems, not only CH4 emissions, but also N2 O fluxes and yield-scaled emissions need to be considered for identifying most climate-friendly and economically viable options for future rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Baoling Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zaixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shenghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Shakoor A, Ashraf F, Shakoor S, Mustafa A, Rehman A, Altaf MM. Biogeochemical transformation of greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial to atmospheric environment and potential feedback to climate forcing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38513-38536. [PMID: 32770337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly universal greenhouse gas associated with climate change. However, beyond CO2, some other greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), being two notable gases, contribute to global warming. Since 1900, the concentrations of CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions have been elevating, and due to the effects of the previous industrial revolution which is responsible for climate forcing. Globally, emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from agricultural sectors are increasing as around 1% annually. Moreover, deforestation also contributes 12-17% of total global GHGs. Perhaps, the average temperature is likely to increase globally, at least 2 °C by 2100-by mid-century. These circumstances are responsible for climate forcing, which is the source of various human health diseases and environmental risks. From agricultural soils, rhizospheric microbial communities have a significant role in the emissions of greenhouse gases. Every year, microbial communities release approximately 1.5-3 billion tons of carbon into the atmospheric environment. Microbial nitrification, denitrification, and respiration are the essential processes that affect the nitrogen cycle in the terrestrial environment. In the twenty-first century, climate change is the major threat faced by human beings. Climate change adversely influences human health to cause numerous diseases due to their direct association with climate change. This review highlights the different anthropogenic GHG emission sources, the response of microbial communities to climate change, climate forcing potential, and mitigation strategies through different agricultural management approaches and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Fatima Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shakoor
- Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Altaf
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
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13
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Pareek A, Dhankher OP, Foyer CH. Mitigating the impact of climate change on plant productivity and ecosystem sustainability. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:451-456. [PMID: 31909813 PMCID: PMC6945998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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14
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The Effects of Biodegradable Mulch Film on the Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Cotton and Maize in an Arid Region. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11247039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plastic residual film pollution in China is severe, and the use of degradable mulch film instead of plastic mulch can effectively alleviate this situation. The substitution of common polyethylene plastic mulch film with biodegradable mulch film in the agricultural production of cotton and maize in an arid region was investigated in the present study. Using bare soil as the control, we compared the effects of common polyethylene plastic film and biodegradable mulch film on crop growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in maize and cotton. The results indicated that: (1) the biodegradable mulch film in this region remained intact for 60 days after being laid down, significantly degrading after 120 days, and was associated with increased soil temperature, moisture conservation, and degradability in comparison to a bare soil control; (2) Both the biodegradable mulch film and the polyethylene plastic film significantly increased various physiological parameters, such as crop height, stalk diameter, and leaf area; (3) The biodegradable mulch film had a significant effect on crop yield by 69.4–76.2% and 65.2–71.9%, respectively, compared to the bare soil control. (4) Compared to the bare soil control, the biodegradable mulch film effectively increased WUE in the crops by 64.5–73.1%. In summary, biodegradable mulch film had comparable results to the common polyethylene plastic film in increasing crop growth, yield, and WUE. As the biodegradable mulch film causes no residual pollution, it is thus preferable to common plastic mulch film for agricultural applications in arid regions and supports the sustainable development of agroecosystems. Therefore, the use of degradable mulch films in agricultural production is more environmentally friendly and more conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural systems.
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15
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Arenas-Calle LN, Whitfield S, Challinor AJ. A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Yao Z, Zheng X, Wang R, Liu C, Lin S, Butterbach-Bahl K. Benefits of integrated nutrient management on N 2O and NO mitigations in water-saving ground cover rice production systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1155-1163. [PMID: 30235601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To cope with challenges of food security and water scarcity in rice production, water-saving ground cover rice production systems (GCRPSs) are increasingly adopted in China and globally. Reduced soil moisture as well as increased soil aeration and temperature under GCRPSs may promote soil N transformations, and in turn give rise to environmental challenges. These include emissions of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and atmospheric pollutant nitric oxide (NO). Using conventional flooding rice cultivation as a reference, a three-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the performances of GCRPSs under inorganic (urea) or integrated nutrient management (a combination of synthetic and organic fertilizers), with regards to soil N2O and NO emissions as well as grain yields. N2O and NO emissions in GCRPSs exhibited high seasonal and interannual variations along with changes in soil inorganic N content and rainfall. When urea alone was applied, the average N2O and NO emissions from GCRPSs were 4.11 and 0.14 kg N ha-1, respectively. These emissions were significantly higher than those of conventional rice cultivation, with 1.47 and 0.052 kg N ha-1 for N2O and NO, respectively. When integrated nutrient management was performed for GCRPSs, N2O and NO emissions were reduced by approximately 77% and 50%, respectively, i.e., the emission magnitude comparable with N-trace gas losses from conventional rice cultivation. Moreover, GCRPSs with integrated nutrient management resulted in optimal grain yields, and thus, the yield-scaled N2O + NO emissions were the lowest compared to other treatments. Averaged over 3 years, the direct emission factors of N2O and NO for GCRPSs with urea alone were 2.58% and 0.064%, respectively. Those for GCRPSs with integrated nutrient management were 0.48% and 0.016%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that GCRPS with integrated nutrient management is an eco-friendly strategy for optimizing crop yields while mitigating N2O and NO emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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17
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Balmford A, Amano T, Bartlett H, Chadwick D, Collins A, Edwards D, Field R, Garnsworthy P, Green R, Smith P, Waters H, Whitmore A, Broom DM, Chara J, Finch T, Garnett E, Gathorne-Hardy A, Hernandez-Medrano J, Herrero M, Hua F, Latawiec A, Misselbrook T, Phalan B, Simmons BI, Takahashi T, Vause J, Zu Ermgassen E, Eisner R. The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming. NATURE SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [PMID: 30450426 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-018-0138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
How we manage farming and food systems to meet rising demand is pivotal to the future of biodiversity. Extensive field data suggest impacts on wild populations would be greatly reduced through boosting yields on existing farmland so as to spare remaining natural habitats. High-yield farming raises other concerns because expressed per unit area it can generate high levels of externalities such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient losses. However, such metrics underestimate the overall impacts of lower-yield systems, so here we develop a framework that instead compares externality and land costs per unit production. Applying this to diverse datasets describing the externalities of four major farm sectors reveals that, rather than involving trade-offs, the externality and land costs of alternative production systems can co-vary positively: per unit production, land-efficient systems often produce lower externalities. For GHG emissions these associations become more strongly positive once forgone sequestration is included. Our conclusions are limited: remarkably few studies report externalities alongside yields; many important externalities and farming systems are inadequately measured; and realising the environmental benefits of high-yield systems typically requires additional measures to limit farmland expansion. Yet our results nevertheless suggest that trade-offs among key cost metrics are not as ubiquitous as sometimes perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, 16 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1SG, UK
| | - Harriet Bartlett
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Dave Chadwick
- Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Adrian Collins
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorks S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rob Field
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Philip Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rhys Green
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Helen Waters
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Donald M Broom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Julian Chara
- CIPAV, Centre for Research on Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems, Carrera 25 No 6-62, Cali 760042, Colombia
| | - Tom Finch
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Emma Garnett
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Alfred Gathorne-Hardy
- School of Geosciences, Crew Building, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- Oxford India Centre for Sustainable Development, Somerville College, Oxford OX2 6HD, UK
| | - Juan Hernandez-Medrano
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. UNAM, CU, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Fangyuan Hua
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Agnieszka Latawiec
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Geography and Environment, R. Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22451-000, Brazil
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Ben Phalan
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia Brazil
| | - Benno I Simmons
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Taro Takahashi
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK
- University of Bristol, British Veterinary School, Office Dolberry Building, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - James Vause
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Erasmus Zu Ermgassen
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Rowan Eisner
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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