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Bundgaard A, Borowiec BG, Lau GY. Are reactive oxygen species always bad? Lessons from hypoxic ectotherms. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246549. [PMID: 38533673 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is required for aerobic energy metabolism but can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are a wide variety of oxidant molecules with a range of biological functions from causing cell damage (oxidative distress) to cell signalling (oxidative eustress). The balance between the rate and amount of ROS generated and the capacity for scavenging systems to remove them is affected by several biological and environmental factors, including oxygen availability. Ectotherms, and in particular hypoxia-tolerant ectotherms, are hypothesized to avoid oxidative damage caused by hypoxia, although it is unclear whether this translates to an increase in ecological fitness. In this Review, we highlight the differences between oxidative distress and eustress, the current mechanistic understanding of the two and how they may affect ectothermic physiology. We discuss the evidence of occurrence of oxidative damage with hypoxia in ectotherms, and that ectotherms may avoid oxidative damage through (1) high levels of antioxidant and scavenging systems and/or (2) low(ering) levels of ROS generation. We argue that the disagreements in the literature as to how hypoxia affects antioxidant enzyme activity and the variable metabolism of ectotherms makes the latter strategy more amenable to ectotherm physiology. Finally, we argue that observed changes in ROS production and oxidative status with hypoxia may be a signalling mechanism and an adaptive strategy for ectotherms encountering hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- University of Cologne, CECAD, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, DE-50931 Köln, Germany
- Aarhus University, Department of Biology, CF Moellers Alle 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brittney G Borowiec
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Department of Biology, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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2
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Devaux JBL, Hickey AJR, Renshaw GMC. Succinate-mediated reactive oxygen species production in the anoxia-tolerant epaulette ( Hemiscyllium ocellatum) and grey carpet ( Chiloscyllium punctatum) sharks. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230344. [PMID: 37817574 PMCID: PMC10565405 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoxia/re-oxygenation (AR) results in elevated unchecked oxidative stress and mediates irreversible damage within the brain for most vertebrates. Succinate accumulation within mitochondria of the ischaemic brain appears to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon re-oxygenation. Two closely related elasmobranchs, the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) and the grey carpet shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) repeatedly experience near anoxia and re-oxygenation in their habitats and have adapted to survive AR at tropical temperatures without significant brain injuries. However, these anoxia-tolerant species display contrasting strategies to survive AR, with only H. ocellatum having the capacity to supress metabolism and H. ocellatum mitochondria the capacity to depress succinate oxidation post-AR. We measured oxygen consumption alongside ROS production mediated by elevated succinate in mitochondria of permeabilized cerebellum from both shark species. Although mitochondrial respiration remained similar for both species, the ROS production in H. ocellatum was half that of C. punctatum in phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating mitochondria. Maximum ROS production in H. ocellatum was mediated by succinate loads 10-fold higher than in C. punctatum mitochondria. The contrasting survival strategies of anoxia-tolerant sharks reveal the significance of mitigating ROS production under elevated succinate load during AR, shedding light on potential mechanisms to mitigate brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules B. L. Devaux
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J. R. Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gillian M. C. Renshaw
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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3
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Bundgaard A, Gruszczyk AV, Prag HA, Williams C, McIntyre A, Ruhr IM, James AM, Galli GLJ, Murphy MP, Fago A. Low production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species after anoxia and reoxygenation in turtle hearts. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245516. [PMID: 37066839 PMCID: PMC10184768 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Extremely anoxia-tolerant animals, such as freshwater turtles, survive anoxia and reoxygenation without sustaining tissue damage to their hearts. In contrast, for mammals, the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that leads to tissue damage during a heart attack is initiated by a burst of superoxide (O2·-) production from the mitochondrial respiratory chain upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue. Whether turtles avoid oxidative tissue damage because of an absence of mitochondrial superoxide production upon reoxygenation, or because the turtle heart is particularly protected against this damage, is unclear. Here, we investigated whether there was an increase in mitochondrial O2·- production upon the reoxygenation of anoxic red-eared slider turtle hearts in vivo and in vitro. This was done by measuring the production of H2O2, the dismutation product of O2·-, using the mitochondria-targeted mass-spectrometric probe in vivo MitoB, while in parallel assessing changes in the metabolites driving mitochondrial O2·- production, succinate, ATP and ADP levels during anoxia, and H2O2 consumption and production rates of isolated heart mitochondria. We found that there was no excess production of in vivo H2O2 during 1 h of reoxygenation in turtles after 3 h anoxia at room temperature, suggesting that turtle hearts most likely do not suffer oxidative injury after anoxia because their mitochondria produce no excess O2·- upon reoxygenation. Instead, our data support the conclusion that both the low levels of succinate accumulation and the maintenance of ADP levels in the anoxic turtle heart are key factors in preventing the surge of O2·- production upon reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- CECAD, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja V. Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hiran A. Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Angela McIntyre
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ilan M. Ruhr
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew M. James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gina L. J. Galli
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Manna S, Ruano CSM, Hegenbarth JC, Vaiman D, Gupta S, McCarthy FP, Méhats C, McCarthy C, Apicella C, Scheel J. Computational Models on Pathological Redox Signalling Driven by Pregnancy: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:585. [PMID: 35326235 PMCID: PMC8945226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of diseases including pregnancy pathologies with long-term cardiovascular repercussions for both the mother and baby. Aberrant redox signalling coupled with deficient antioxidant defence leads to chronic molecular impairment. Abnormal placentation has been considered the primary source for reactive species; however, placental dysfunction has been deemed secondary to maternal cardiovascular maladaptation in pregnancy. While various therapeutic interventions, aimed at combating deregulated oxidative stress during pregnancy have shown promise in experimental models, they often result as inconclusive or detrimental in clinical trials, warranting the need for further research to identify candidates. The strengths and limitations of current experimental methods in redox research are discussed. Assessment of redox status and oxidative stress in experimental models and in clinical practice remains challenging; the state-of-the-art of computational models in this field is presented in this review, comparing static and dynamic models which provide functional information such as protein-protein interactions, as well as the impact of changes in molecular species on the redox-status of the system, respectively. Enhanced knowledge of redox biology in during pregnancy through computational modelling such as generation of Systems Biology Markup Language model which integrates existing models to a larger network in the context of placenta physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Camino S. M. Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Jana-Charlotte Hegenbarth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 KH Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
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Targeting the Mild-Hypoxia Driving Force for Metabolic and Muscle Transcriptional Reprogramming of Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) Juveniles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050416. [PMID: 34066667 PMCID: PMC8151949 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Reduced oxygen availability generates a number of adaptive features across all the animal kingdom, and the goal of this study was targeting the mild-hypoxia driving force for metabolic and muscle transcriptional reprogramming of gilthead sea bream juveniles. Attention was focused on blood metabolic and muscle transcriptomic landmarks before and after exhaustive exercise. Our results after mild-hypoxia conditioning highlighted an increased contribution of lipid metabolism to whole energy supply to preserve the aerobic energy production, a better swimming performance regardless of changes in feed intake, as well as reduced protein turnover and improved anaerobic fitness with the restoration of normoxia. Abstract On-growing juveniles of gilthead sea bream were acclimated for 45 days to mild-hypoxia (M-HYP, 40–60% O2 saturation), whereas normoxic fish (85–90% O2 saturation) constituted two different groups, depending on if they were fed to visual satiety (control fish) or pair-fed to M-HYP fish. Following the hypoxia conditioning period, all fish were maintained in normoxia and continued to be fed until visual satiation for 3 weeks. The time course of hypoxia-induced changes was assessed by changes in blood metabolic landmarks and muscle transcriptomics before and after exhaustive exercise in a swim tunnel respirometer. In M-HYP fish, our results highlighted a higher contribution of aerobic metabolism to whole energy supply, shifting towards a higher anaerobic fitness following normoxia restoration. Despite these changes in substrate preference, M-HYP fish shared a persistent improvement in swimming performance with a higher critical speed at exercise exhaustion. The machinery of muscle contraction and protein synthesis and breakdown was also largely altered by mild-hypoxia conditioning, contributing this metabolic re-adjustment to the positive regulation of locomotion and to the catch-up growth response during the normoxia recovery period. Altogether, these results reinforce the presence of large phenotypic plasticity in gilthead sea bream, and highlights mild-hypoxia as a promising prophylactic measure to prepare these fish for predictable stressful events.
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Zhang Y, Wong HS. Are mitochondria the main contributor of reactive oxygen species in cells? J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/5/jeb221606. [PMID: 33707189 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.221606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physiologists often assume that mitochondria are the main producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Consequently, in biomedicine, mitochondria are considered as important targets for therapeutic treatments, and in evolutionary biology, they are considered as mediators of life-history tradeoffs. Surprisingly, data supporting such an assumption are lacking, at least partially due to the technical difficulties in accurately measuring the level of ROS produced by different subcellular compartments in intact cells. In this Commentary, we first review three potential reasons underlying the misassumption of mitochondrial dominance in the production of cellular ROS. We then introduce some other major sites/enzymes responsible for cellular ROS production. With the use of a recently developed cell-based assay, we further discuss the contribution of mitochondria to the total rate of ROS release in cell lines and primary cells of different species. In these cells, the contribution of mitochondria varies between cell types but mitochondria are never the main source of cellular ROS. This indicates that although mitochondria are one of the significant sources of cellular ROS, they are not necessarily the main contributor under normal conditions. Intriguingly, similar findings were also observed in cells under a variety of stressors, life-history strategies and pathological stages, in which the rates of cellular ROS production were significantly enhanced. Finally, we make recommendations for designing future studies. We hope this paper will encourage investigators to carefully consider non-mitochondrial sources of cellular ROS in their study systems or models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Hoi Shan Wong
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Rai PK, Lee J, Brown RJC, Kim KH. Environmental fate, ecotoxicity biomarkers, and potential health effects of micro- and nano-scale plastic contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123910. [PMID: 33264963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the quantity of plastic waste products has increased tremendously. As plastic wastes are released into the environment, they exert harmful effects on biota and human health. In this work, a comprehensive review is offered to describe the physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics and nanoplastics in relation to their fate, microbial ecology, transport, and ecotoxic behavior. Present discussion is expanded further to cover the biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms controlling the environmental fate, ecotoxicity, and human health hazards of micro- and nanoplastics. The risks of their exposure to microbes, plants, animals, and human health are also reviewed with special emphasis. Finally, a direction for future interdisciplinary research in materials and polymer science is also discussed to help control the pollution caused by micro- and nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Phyto-Technologies and Plant Invasion Lab, Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Richard J C Brown
- Environment Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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8
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Abstract
Temperature is a critical abiotic factor shaping the distribution and abundance of species, but the mechanisms that underpin organismal thermal limits remain poorly understood. One possible mechanism underlying these limits is the failure of mitochondrial processes, as mitochondria play a crucial role in animals as the primary site of ATP production. Conventional measures of mitochondrial performance suggest that these organelles can function at temperatures much higher than those that limit whole-organism function, suggesting that they are unlikely to set organismal thermal limits. However, this conclusion is challenged by recent data connecting sequence variation in mitochondrial genes to whole-organism thermal tolerance. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of mitochondrial responses to thermal extremes and ask whether they are consistent with a role for mitochondrial function in shaping whole-organism thermal limits. The available data are fragmentary, but it is possible to draw some conclusions. There is little evidence that failure of maximal mitochondrial oxidative capacity as assessed in vitro sets thermal limits, but there is some evidence to suggest that temperature effects on ATP synthetic capacity may be important. Several studies suggest that loss of mitochondrial coupling is associated with the thermal limits for organismal growth, although this needs to be rigorously tested. Most studies have utilized isolated mitochondrial preparations to assess the effects of temperature on these organelles, and there remain many untapped opportunities to address these questions using preparations that retain more of their biological context to better connect these subcellular processes with whole-organism thermal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Chung
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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9
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Sikora A, Zielonka J, Dębowska K, Michalski R, Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Pięta J, Podsiadły R, Artelska A, Pierzchała K, Kalyanaraman B. Boronate-Based Probes for Biological Oxidants: A Novel Class of Molecular Tools for Redox Biology. Front Chem 2020; 8:580899. [PMID: 33102447 PMCID: PMC7545953 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Boronate-based molecular probes are emerging as one of the most effective tools for detection and quantitation of peroxynitrite and hydroperoxides. This review discusses the chemical reactivity of boronate compounds in the context of their use for detection of biological oxidants, and presents examples of the practical use of those probes in selected chemical, enzymatic, and biological systems. The particular reactivity of boronates toward nucleophilic oxidants makes them a distinct class of probes for redox biology studies. We focus on the recent progress in the design and application of boronate-based probes in redox studies and perspectives for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Smulik-Izydorczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzchała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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10
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial biogenesis are potential therapeutic targets for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2023-2028. [PMID: 31654572 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are crucial organelles for cell homeostasis and alterations of these organelles have been implicated in cardiovascular disease. However, their roles in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In a recent issue of Clinical Science, Navas-Madronal et al. ((2019), 133(13), 1421-1438) reported that enhanced ER stress and dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis are associated with AAA pathogenesis in humans. The authors also proposed that disruption in oxysterols network such as an elevated concentration of 7-ketocholestyerol in plasma is a causative factor for AAA progression. Their findings highlight new insights into the underlying mechanism of AAA progression through ER stress and dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we will discuss the background, significance of the study, and future directions.
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11
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Lau GY, Arndt S, Murphy MP, Richards JG. Species- and tissue-specific differences in ROS metabolism during exposure to hypoxia and hyperoxia plus recovery in marine sculpins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.206896. [PMID: 31628206 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.206896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animals that inhabit environments that fluctuate in oxygen must not only contend with disruptions to aerobic metabolism, but also the potential effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of this study was to compare aspects of ROS metabolism in response to O2 variability (6 h hypoxia or hyperoxia, with subsequent normoxic recovery) in two species of intertidal sculpin fishes (Cottidae, Actinopterygii) that can experience O2 fluctuations in their natural environment and differ in whole-animal hypoxia tolerance. To assess ROS metabolism, we measured the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide as an indicator of tissue redox environment, MitoP/MitoB ratio to assess in vivo mitochondrial ROS generation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) for lipid peroxidation, and total oxidative scavenging capacity (TOSC) in the liver, brain and gill. In the brain, the more hypoxia-tolerant O ligocottus maculosus showed large increases in TBARS levels following hypoxia and hyperoxia exposure that were generally not associated with large changes in mitochondrial H2O2 In contrast, the less-tolerant S corpaenichthys marmoratus showed no significant changes in TBARS or mitochondrial H2O2 in the brain. More moderate increases were observed in the liver and gill of O. maculosus exposed to hypoxia and hyperoxia with normoxic recovery, whereas S. marmoratus had a greater response to O2 variability in these tissues compared with the brain. Our results show a species- and tissue-specific relationship between hypoxia tolerance and ROS metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Y Lau
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sabine Arndt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jeffrey G Richards
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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12
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Velando A, Noguera JC, da Silva A, Kim SY. Redox-regulation and life-history trade-offs: scavenging mitochondrial ROS improves growth in a wild bird. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2203. [PMID: 30778088 PMCID: PMC6379414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that animals usually restrain their growth because fast growth leads to an increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which can damage mitochondrial DNA and promote mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we explicitly test whether this occurs in a wild bird by supplementing chicks with a mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger, mitoubiquinone (mitoQ), and examining growth rates and mtDNA damage. In the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis, mitoQ supplementation increased the early growth rate of chicks but did not reduce mtDNA damage. The level of mtDNA damage was negatively correlated with chick mass, but this relationship was not affected by the mitoQ treatment. We also found that chick growth was positively correlated with both mtDNA copy number and the mitochondrial enzymatic activity of citrate synthase, suggesting a link between mitochondrial content and growth. Additionally, we found that MitoQ supplementation increased mitochondrial content (in males), altered the relationship between mtDNA copy number and damage, and downregulated some transcriptional pathways related to cell rejuvenation, suggesting that scavenging mtROS during development enhanced growth rates but at the expense of cellular turnover. Our study confirms the central role of mitochondria modulating life-history trade-offs during development by other mechanisms than mtROS-inflicted damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Velando
- Animal Ecology Group (GEA), Lab 97, Torre CACTI, Campus As Lagoas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jose C Noguera
- Animal Ecology Group (GEA), Lab 97, Torre CACTI, Campus As Lagoas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alberto da Silva
- Animal Ecology Group (GEA), Lab 97, Torre CACTI, Campus As Lagoas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sin-Yeon Kim
- Animal Ecology Group (GEA), Lab 97, Torre CACTI, Campus As Lagoas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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13
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Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics: Examination of biomarkers, current state and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Pais RT, Sousa ACA, Pastorinho MR. A circular toxicity approach to isoprostanes: From markers of oxidative stress, to epidemiological warning systems and agents of aquatic toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:654-660. [PMID: 30223241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are a class of oxidation products naturally formed in vivo that are indicative of endogenous oxidative stress. In individuals with chronic and oxidative stress related diseases, IsoPs are increased to pathological levels. Since they are excreted through urine into sewage systems, IsoPs can be detected in wastewater treatment plants' (WWTPs) effluents and thus can be used to evaluate the health status of a given population. The underlying principle is that higher isoprostanes WWTPs' levels correspond to populations undergoing higher levels of oxidative stress, and thus disease. However, IsoPs are not eliminated by WWTPs and will end up being released into the aquatic environment, where they will be available for uptake by aquatic species. Being bioactive molecules, it has been suggested that IsoPs in the environment may elicit oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. In this context, we have critically reviewed the available data on IsoPs as products and effectors of toxicity, and propose the new concept of "circular toxicity". In general, IsoPs excreted by humans as a consequence of oxidative stress are released into the aquatic environment where they may interact with aquatic organisms and induce the production of more IsoPs. These stress markers, in turn, will also be excreted, increasing the already high levels of stressors in the aquatic environment and thus create an escalating cycle of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Teles Pais
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C A Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; CNRS LabEx DRIIHM, CNRS - INEE - ECCOREV (Unité FR3098), OHMi Estarreja-OHM Bassin Minier de Provence, Europôle méditerranéen de L'Arbois, Bât du CEREGE - BP 80, 13545, Aix en Provence Cedex 4, France; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; NuESA - Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - M Ramiro Pastorinho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; NuESA - Health and Environment Study Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
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15
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Anderson GJ, Auer SK, Selman C, Hartley RC, Mullen W, Chinopoulos C, Metcalfe NB, Williams C. Decreased mitochondrial metabolic requirements in fasting animals carry an oxidative cost. Funct Ecol 2018; 32:2149-2157. [PMID: 30333678 PMCID: PMC6175143 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many animals experience periods of food shortage in their natural environment. It has been hypothesised that the metabolic responses of animals to naturally-occurring periods of food deprivation may have long-term negative impacts on their subsequent life-history.In particular, reductions in energy requirements in response to fasting may help preserve limited resources but potentially come at a cost of increased oxidative stress. However, little is known about this trade-off since studies of energy metabolism are generally conducted separately from those of oxidative stress.Using a novel approach that combines measurements of mitochondrial function with in vivo levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in brown trout (Salmo trutta), we show here that fasting induces energy savings in a highly metabolically active organ (the liver) but at the cost of a significant increase in H2O2, an important form of reactive oxygen species (ROS).After a 2-week period of fasting, brown trout reduced their whole-liver mitochondrial respiratory capacities (state 3, state 4 and cytochrome c oxidase activity), mainly due to reductions in liver size (and hence the total mitochondrial content). This was compensated for at the level of the mitochondrion, with an increase in state 3 respiration combined with a decrease in state 4 respiration, suggesting a selective increase in the capacity to produce ATP without a concomitant increase in energy dissipated through proton leakage. However, the reduction in total hepatic metabolic capacity in fasted fish was associated with an almost two-fold increase in in vivo mitochondrial H2O2 levels (as measured by the MitoB probe).The resulting increase in mitochondrial ROS, and hence potential risk of oxidative damage, provides mechanistic insight into the trade-off between the short-term energetic benefits of reducing metabolism in response to fasting and the potential long-term costs to subsequent life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Eugenia M. Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Graeme J. Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Sonya K. Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- MTA‐SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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16
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Bundgaard A, James AM, Joyce W, Murphy MP, Fago A. Suppression of reactive oxygen species generation in heart mitochondria from anoxic turtles: the role of complex I S-nitrosation. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb174391. [PMID: 29496783 PMCID: PMC5963835 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater turtles (Trachemys scripta) are among the very few vertebrates capable of tolerating severe hypoxia and re-oxygenation without suffering from damage to the heart. As myocardial ischemia and reperfusion causes a burst of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammals, the question arises as to whether, and if so how, this ROS burst is prevented in the turtle heart. We find that heart mitochondria isolated from turtles acclimated to anoxia produce less ROS than mitochondria from normoxic turtles when consuming succinate. As succinate accumulates in the hypoxic heart and is oxidized when oxygen returns, this suggests an adaptation to lessen ROS production. Specific S-nitrosation of complex I can lower ROS in mammals and here we show that turtle complex I activity and ROS production can also be strongly depressed in vitro by S-nitrosation. We detect in vivo endogenous S-nitrosated complex I in turtle heart mitochondria, but these levels are unaffected upon anoxia acclimation. Thus, while heart mitochondria from anoxia-acclimated turtles generate less ROS and have a lower aerobic capacity than those from normoxic turtles, this is not due to decreases in complex I activity or expression levels. Interestingly, in-gel activity staining reveals that most complex I of heart mitochondria from normoxic and anoxic turtles forms stable super-complexes with other respiratory enzymes and, in contrast to mammals, these are not disrupted by dodecyl maltoside. Taken together, these results show that although S-nitrosation of complex I is a potent mechanism to prevent ROS formation upon re-oxygenation after anoxia in vitro, this is not a major cause of the suppression of ROS production by anoxic turtle heart mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - William Joyce
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Watson H, Salmón P, Isaksson C. Maternally derived yolk antioxidants buffer the developing avian embryo against oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.179465. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.179465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In oviparous animals, maternally transferred antioxidants protect the embryo from oxidative damage from high rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production incurred by rapid growth. Elevated ROS exposure – beyond that incurred by normal growth - can occur as a result of exposure to exogenous factors (e.g. pollutants, toxins, radiation), increasing the risk of oxidative damage, with potentially adverse consequences for embryonic development and long-term fitness. The capacity of the avian embryo's antioxidant protection system to counter an increased exogenous oxidative threat is poorly understood. We induced an external oxidative challenge via experimental increase in ambient oxygen concentration throughout incubation of wild great tit Parus major eggs in the laboratory. At day 11 of incubation, brain tissue revealed no consistent differences in oxidative stress status – as measured by antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase and total glutathione), lipid peroxidation and telomere length - between control (21% oxygen) and hyperoxic (40% oxygen) embryos. However, the level of vitamin E was significantly lower and lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in yolks of eggs reared under elevated oxygen concentrations. The results suggest that maternally derived yolk antioxidants successfully buffer developing embryonic tissues against an increased exogenous oxidative threat. Furthermore, vitamin E plays a more important role in protecting the embryo than carotenoids. However, the depletion of antioxidants and increased peroxidation of lipids in the yolk could have negative consequences for embryonic development – in particular for the brain and heart that require highly unsaturated fatty acids - and protection against the oxidative burst following hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Watson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department, Lund University, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Pablo Salmón
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caroline Isaksson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department, Lund University, SE-223 62, Sweden
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