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Mirzaei J, Heydari M, Omidipour R, Jafarian N, Carcaillet C. Decrease in Soil Functionalities and Herbs' Diversity, but Not That of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Linked to Short Fire Interval in Semi-Arid Oak Forest Ecosystem, West Iran. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051112. [PMID: 36903972 PMCID: PMC10005139 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The semi-arid forest ecosystems of western Iran dominated by Quercus brantii are often disturbed by wildfires. Here, we assessed the effects of short fire intervals on the soil properties and community diversity of herbaceous plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as well as the interactions between these ecosystem features. Plots burned once or twice within 10 years were compared to unburned plots over a long time period (control sites). Soil physical properties were not affected by the short fire interval, except bulk density, which increased. Soil geochemical and biological properties were affected by the fires. Soil organic matter and nitrogen concentrations were depleted by two fires. Short intervals impaired microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, substrate-induced respiration, and urease enzyme activity. The successive fires affected the AMF's Shannon diversity. The diversity of the herb community increased after one fire and dropped after two, indicating that the whole community structure was altered. Two fires had greater direct than indirect effects on plant and fungal diversity, as well as soil properties. Short-interval fires depleted soil functional properties and reduced herb diversity. With short-interval fires probably fostered by anthropogenic climate change, the functionalities of this semi-arid oak forest could collapse, necessitating fire mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mirzaei
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - Mehdi Heydari
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
| | - Reza Omidipour
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculties of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran
| | - Nahid Jafarian
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
| | - Christopher Carcaillet
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences & Lettres Université (PSL), F-75014 Paris, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE (UMR 5023 LEHNA), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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Mugabowindekwe M, Brandt M, Chave J, Reiner F, Skole DL, Kariryaa A, Igel C, Hiernaux P, Ciais P, Mertz O, Tong X, Li S, Rwanyiziri G, Dushimiyimana T, Ndoli A, Uwizeyimana V, Lillesø JPB, Gieseke F, Tucker CJ, Saatchi S, Fensholt R. Nation-wide mapping of tree-level aboveground carbon stocks in Rwanda. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2022; 13:91-97. [PMID: 36684409 PMCID: PMC9845119 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-022-01544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trees sustain livelihoods and mitigate climate change but a predominance of trees outside forests and limited resources make it difficult for many tropical countries to conduct automated nation-wide inventories. Here, we propose an approach to map the carbon stock of each individual overstory tree at the national scale of Rwanda using aerial imagery from 2008 and deep learning. We show that 72% of the mapped trees are located in farmlands and savannas and 17% in plantations, accounting for 48.6% of the national aboveground carbon stocks. Natural forests cover 11% of the total tree count and 51.4% of the national carbon stocks, with an overall carbon stock uncertainty of 16.9%. The mapping of all trees allows partitioning to any landscapes classification and is urgently needed for effective planning and monitoring of restoration activities as well as for optimization of carbon sequestration, biodiversity and economic benefits of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Mugabowindekwe
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David L. Skole
- Global Observatory for Ecosystem Services, Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ole Mertz
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sizhuo Li
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaspard Rwanyiziri
- Centre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thaulin Dushimiyimana
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alain Ndoli
- International Union for Conservation of Nature—Eastern and Southern Africa Region, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Valens Uwizeyimana
- General Directorate of Land, Water, and Forestry, Ministry of Environment, Kigali, Rwanda
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabian Gieseke
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Information Systems, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Compton J. Tucker
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Campos-Vargas C, Vargas-Sanabria D. Assessing the probability of wildfire occurrences in a neotropical dry forest. ECOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1916213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Campos-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Mercedes de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Vargas-Sanabria
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Mercedes de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
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Schulte To Bühne H, Tobias JA, Durant SM, Pettorelli N. Improving Predictions of Climate Change-Land Use Change Interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 36:29-38. [PMID: 33020018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and land use change often interact, altering biodiversity in unexpected ways. Research into climate change-land use change (CC-LUC) interactions has so far focused on quantifying biodiversity outcomes, rather than identifying the underlying ecological mechanisms, making it difficult to predict interactions and design appropriate conservation responses. We propose a risk-based framework to further our understanding of CC-LUC interactions. By identifying the factors driving the exposure and vulnerability of biodiversity to land use change, and then examining how these factors are altered by climate change (or vice versa), this framework will allow the effects of different interaction mechanisms to be compared across geographic and ecological contexts, supporting efforts to reduce biodiversity loss from interacting stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Schulte To Bühne
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, NW1 4RY London, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, SL5 7PY Ascot, UK.
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, SL5 7PY Ascot, UK
| | - Sarah M Durant
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, NW1 4RY London, UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, NW1 4RY London, UK
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