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Thapa Magar TB, Mallik SK, Gurung P, Lim J, Kim YT, Shrestha R, Kim YW. Chlorin E6-Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Promotes an Anti-Photoaging Effect in UVB-Irradiated Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13468. [PMID: 37686273 PMCID: PMC10487708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin photoaging due to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT), in addition to being the first-line treatment for malignancies, has been shown to lessen skin photoaging, while curcumin is well known for reducing the deleterious effects of ROS. In the current study, PDT with three novel Ce6-curcumin derivatives, a combination of Ce6 and curcumin with various linkers, including propane-1,3-diamine for Ce6-propane-curcumin; hexane-1,6-diamine for Ce6-hexane-curcumin; and 3,3'-((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propan-1-amine) for Ce6-dipolyethylene glycol (diPEG)-curcumin, were studied for regulation of UVB-induced photoaging on human skin fibroblast (Hs68) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (BALB/c 3T3) cells. We assessed the antiphotoaging effects of Ce6-curcumin derivatives on cell viability, antioxidant activity, the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 2 (MMP-2) expression, and collagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated in vitro models. All three Ce6-curcumin derivatives were found to be non-phototoxic in the neutral red uptake phototoxicity test. We found that Ce6-hexane-curcumin-PDT and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT exhibited less cytotoxicity in Hs68 and BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cell lines compared to Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT. Ce6-diPEG-curcumin and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT showed superior antioxidant activity in Hs68 cell lines. Further, in UVB-irradiated in vitro models, the Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT greatly attenuated the expression levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Ce6-diPEG-curcumin effectively inhibited inflammatory molecules, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, while accelerating collagen synthesis. These results demonstrate that Ce6-diPEG-curcumin may be a potential therapy for treating skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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2
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Marasini S, Craig JP, Dean SJ, Leanse LG. Managing Corneal Infections: Out with the old, in with the new? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1334. [PMID: 37627753 PMCID: PMC10451842 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been multiple reports of eye infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with increasing evidence of ineffective treatment outcomes from existing therapies. With respect to corneal infections, the most commonly used antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporines) are demonstrating reduced efficacy against bacterial keratitis isolates. While traditional methods are losing efficacy, several novel technologies are under investigation, including light-based anti-infective technology with or without chemical substrates, phage therapy, and probiotics. Many of these methods show non-selective antimicrobial activity with potential development as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Multiple preclinical studies and a limited number of clinical case studies have confirmed the efficacy of some of these novel methods. However, given the rapid evolution of corneal infections, their treatment requires rapid institution to limit the impact on vision and prevent complications such as scarring and corneal perforation. Given their rapid effects on microbial viability, light-based technologies seem particularly promising in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Marasini
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (S.M.); (J.P.C.); (S.J.D.)
| | - Jennifer P. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (S.M.); (J.P.C.); (S.J.D.)
| | - Simon J. Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (S.M.); (J.P.C.); (S.J.D.)
| | - Leon G. Leanse
- Health and Sports Sciences Hub, Europa Point Campus, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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3
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Englisch CN, Wadood NA, Pätzold L, Gallagher A, Krasteva-Christ G, Becker SL, Bischoff M. Establishing an Experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis Model in Mice - Challenges and Solutions. Ann Anat 2023; 249:152099. [PMID: 37105406 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the ongoing increase in antimicrobial resistances seen in bacterial isolates causing a keratitis in humans, animal models have become an important tool to study new antimicrobial therapies. Nevertheless, the establishment of experimental keratitis is difficult. Here, we discuss the impact of different arrangements, including animal age, bacterial strain and dose as well as epithelium removal on the outcome of experimental keratitis. We therefore present the methods and results of our establishing experiments. METHODS Bacterial load determination and flow cytometry were performed using eye homogenate gained from a 72hours lasting murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis model. Additionally, the intensity of the infection was scored from 0 to 5, the mice weighed, and blood immune cells counted. RESULTS We found that older C57BL/6N mice (8-11 months) are more susceptible to develop a keratitis than younger mice (5-6 weeks). Epithelium removal has no major impact on infectivity and disease progression in aged mice. P. aeruginosa exoU+ strains, such as PA54, should preferentially be used and highly concentrated (∼ 5×107 CFU). Establishing an infection with the exoU- PAO1 derivative DSM 19880 was not possible. CONCLUSIONS We present a replicable method to achieve a successful experimental P. aeruginosa keratitis in C57BL/6N mice that is sustained or aggravated over the observation period of 3 days in 80% of all animals tested. Our work is of particular interest to all researchers planning the establishment of such experimental models. We show some key aspects that can simplify and quicken the procedure, ultimately saving costs and animal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colya N Englisch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygienics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Noran Abdel Wadood
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygienics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygienics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | | | | | - Sören L Becker
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygienics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygienics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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Tuchin VV, Genina EA, Tuchina ES, Svetlakova AV, Svenskaya YI. Optical clearing of tissues: Issues of antimicrobial phototherapy and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114037. [PMID: 34752842 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review presents principles and novelties in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC) technology, as well as application for optical monitoring of drug delivery and effective antimicrobial phototherapy. TOC is based on altering the optical properties of tissue through the introduction of immersion optical cleaning agents (OCA), which impregnate the tissue of interest. We also analyze various methods and kinetics of delivery of photodynamic agents, nanoantibiotics and their mixtures with OCAs into the tissue depth in the context of antimicrobial and antifungal phototherapy. In vitro and in vivo studies of antimicrobial phototherapies, such as photodynamic, photothermal plasmonic and photocatalytic, are summarized, and the prospects of a new TOC technology for effective killing of pathogens are discussed.
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Tichaczek-Goska D, Gleńsk M, Wojnicz D. The Enhancement of the Photodynamic Therapy and Ciprofloxacin Activity against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains by Polypodium vulgare Rhizome Aqueous Extract. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121544. [PMID: 34959499 PMCID: PMC8704307 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are commonly used to treat bacterial infections. Unfortunately, these methods are often ineffective. Therefore, agents that could effectively support antibiotic therapy and PDT in the inactivation of pathogens are being sought. Phytotherapy seems to be a good solution. The aim of the current research was to examine whether Polypodium vulgare extract (PvE) would improve the effectiveness of PDT and ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic that is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections in humans. UHPLC-MS analysis was performed to establish the PvE content. Chlorin e6 has been used as a photosensitizer in the PDT method. Biofilm production was established using the spectrophotometric method. The live cell count in planktonic and biofilm consortia was determined with the microdilution method and DAPI staining. The decrease of the bacterial survival, biofilm mass synthesis, and morphological changes of the bacteria under the combined treatments: PDT+PvE and CIP+PvE was noted. The results clearly indicate that the PvE can be used as a good agent for improving the efficacy of both PDT and the CIP activity to inactivate uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. The obtained results are of particular value in the era of widespread and still-increasing drug resistance among bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Tichaczek-Goska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Michał Gleńsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Dorota Wojnicz
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-15-18
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Sonophotodynamic Inactivation: The power of light and ultrasound in the battle against microorganisms. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Antimicrobial nanomedicine for ocular bacterial and fungal infection. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1352-1375. [PMID: 33840082 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular infection induced by bacteria and fungi is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Topical administration of antibiotics remains the first-line treatment, as effective eradication of pathogens is the core of the anti-infection strategy. Whereas, eye drops lack efficiency and have relatively low bioavailability. Intraocular injection may cause concurrent ocular damage and secondary infection. In addition, antibiotic-based management can be limited by the low sensitivity to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nanomedicine is proposed as a prospective, effective, and noninvasive platform to mediate ocular delivery and combat pathogen or even resistant strains. Nanomedicine can not only carry antimicrobial agents to fight against pathogens but also directly active microbicidal capability, killing pathogens. More importantly, by modification, nanomedicine can achieve enhanced residence time and release time on the cornea, and easy penetration through corneal tissues into anterior and posterior segments of the eye, thus improving the therapeutic effect for ocular infection. In this review, several categories of antimicrobial nanomedicine are systematically discussed, where the efficiency and possibility of further embellishment and improvement to adapt to clinical use are also investigated. All in all, novel antimicrobial nanomedicine provides potent and prospective ways to manage severe and refractory ocular infections.
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Shi L, Muthukumar V, Stachon T, Latta L, Elhawy MI, Gunaratnam G, Orosz E, Seitz B, Kiderlen AF, Bischoff M, Szentmáry N. The Effect of Anti-Amoebic Agents and Ce6-PDT on Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites and Cysts, In Vitro. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:29. [PMID: 33262903 PMCID: PMC7691790 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentration-dependent effects of biguanides (polyhexamethylene biguanide [PHMB], chlorhexidine [CH]); diamidines (hexamidine-diisethionate [HD], propamidine-isethionate [PD], dibromopropamidine-diisethionate [DD]); natamycin (NM); miltefosine (MF); povidone iodine (PVPI), and chlorin e6 PDT on Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts, in vitro. Methods Strain 1BU was cultured in peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium. Trophozoites or cysts were cultured in PYG medium containing each agent at 100%, 50%, and 25% of maximum concentration for 2 hours. The percentage of dead trophozoites was determined using a non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay and trypan blue staining. Treated cysts were also maintained on non-nutrient agar Escherichia coli (E. coli) plates and observed for 3 weeks. Results All tested drugs displayed significant cytotoxic effects on 1BU cells based on the biochemical and staining-based viability assays tested. On non-nutrient agar E. coli plates, neither trophozoites nor freshly formed cysts were observed after PHMB, PD, NM, and PVPI treatment, respectively, within 3 weeks. However, CH-, HD-, DD-, and MF-treated cysts could excyst, multiply, and encyst again. Conclusions The off-label drugs PHMB, PD, NM, and PVPI are under in vitro conditions more effective against strain 1BU than CH, HD, DD, and MF. Our findings also suggest that the non-nutrient agar E. coli plate assay should be considered as method of choice for the in vitro analysis of the treatment efficacy of anti-amoebic agents. Translational Relevance Ophthalmologists may optimize the treatment regime against Acanthamoeba keratitis by pre-testing the in vitro susceptibilities of the Acanthamoeba strain against drugs of interest with the non-nutrient E. coli agar plate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Vithusan Muthukumar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tanja Stachon
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lorenz Latta
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ibrahem Elhawy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gubesh Gunaratnam
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erika Orosz
- Department of Parasitology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e6 Is Bactericidal against Biofilms of the Primary Human Otopathogens. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00492-20. [PMID: 32669474 PMCID: PMC7364218 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00492-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM), or middle ear disease, is the most prevalent bacterial infection in children and the primary reason for antibiotic use and surgical intervention in the pediatric population. Biofilm formation by the major bacterial otopathogens, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, has been shown to occur within the middle ears of OM patients and is a key factor in the development of recurrent disease, which may result in hearing impairment and developmental delays. Bacterial biofilms are inherently impervious to most antibiotics and present a significant challenge to the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the photosensitizer chlorin e6 elicits significant bactericidal activity versus planktonic and biofilm-associated otopathogens and supports further analyses of this novel, efficacious, and promising technology as an adjunctive treatment for acute and recurrent OM. Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are ubiquitous upper respiratory opportunistic pathogens. Together, these three microbes are the most common causative bacterial agents of pediatric otitis media (OM) and have therefore been characterized as the primary human otopathogens. OM is the most prevalent bacterial infection in children and the primary reason for antibiotic administration in this population. Moreover, biofilm formation has been confirmed as a primary mechanism of chronic and recurrent OM disease. As bacterial biofilms are inherently metabolically recalcitrant to most antibiotics and these complex structures also present a significant challenge to the immune system, there is a clear need to identify novel antimicrobial approaches to treat OM infections. In this study, we evaluated the potential efficacy of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) against planktonic as well as biofilm-associated M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae, and NTHi. Our data indicate aPDT with Ce6 elicits significant bactericidal activity against both planktonic cultures and established biofilms formed by the three major otopathogens (with an efficacy of ≥99.9% loss of viability). Notably, the implementation of a novel, dual-treatment aPDT protocol resulted in this disinfectant effect on biofilm-associated bacteria and, importantly, inhibited bacterial regrowth 24 h posttreatment. Taken together, these data suggest this novel Ce6-aPDT treatment may be a powerful and innovative therapeutic strategy to effectively treat and eradicate bacterial OM infections and, significantly, prevent the development of recurrent disease. IMPORTANCE Otitis media (OM), or middle ear disease, is the most prevalent bacterial infection in children and the primary reason for antibiotic use and surgical intervention in the pediatric population. Biofilm formation by the major bacterial otopathogens, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, has been shown to occur within the middle ears of OM patients and is a key factor in the development of recurrent disease, which may result in hearing impairment and developmental delays. Bacterial biofilms are inherently impervious to most antibiotics and present a significant challenge to the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the photosensitizer chlorin e6 elicits significant bactericidal activity versus planktonic and biofilm-associated otopathogens and supports further analyses of this novel, efficacious, and promising technology as an adjunctive treatment for acute and recurrent OM.
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10
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Khot MI, Downey CL, Armstrong G, Svavarsdottir HS, Jarral F, Andrew H, Jayne DG. The role of ABCG2 in modulating responses to anti-cancer photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101579. [PMID: 31639455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) transmembrane protein transporter is known for conferring resistance to treatment in cancers. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anti-cancer method involving the use of light-activated photosensitisers to precisely induce oxidative stress and cell death in cancers. ABCG2 can efflux photosensitisers from out of cells, reducing the capacity of PDT and limiting the efficacy of treatment. Many studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between the expression of ABCG2 in cancers, its effect on the cellular retention of photosensitisers and its impact on PDT. This review looks at the studies which investigate the effect of ABCG2 on a range of different photosensitisers in different pre-clinical models of cancer. This work also evaluates the approaches that are being investigated to address the role of ABCG2 in PDT with an outlook on potential clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ibrahim Khot
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Candice L Downey
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Armstrong
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Fazain Jarral
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Helen Andrew
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David G Jayne
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:72-106. [PMID: 31096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to such a degree that often the term "post-antibiotic era" is applied to describe the situation. The infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, third generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, third generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have become commonplace. Thus, the new strategies of infection treatment have been searched for, and one of the approaches is based on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photodynamic protocols require the interaction of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by porphyrinoid photosensitizers. In the first part of the review information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and the mechanism of the bacteria resistance to the photodynamic technique were described. In the second one, it was described porphyrinoids photosensitizers like: porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines useable in photodynamic bacteria inactivation.
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Lin JF, Li J, Gopal A, Munshi T, Chu YW, Wang JX, Liu TT, Shi B, Chen X, Yan L. Synthesis of photo-excited Chlorin e6 conjugated silica nanoparticles for enhanced anti-bacterial efficiency to overcome methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2656-2659. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nano photodynamic therapy to overcome multidrug resistant bacteria.
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13
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Taslı H, Akbıyık A, Topaloğlu N, Alptüzün V, Parlar S. Photodynamic antimicrobial activity of new porphyrin derivatives against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol 2018; 56:828-837. [PMID: 30353469 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with multiple drug resistance patterns is frequently isolated from skin and soft tissue infections that are involved in chronic wounds. Today, difficulties in the treatment of MRSA associated infections have led to the development of alternative approaches such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This study aimed to investigate photoinactivation with cationic porphyrin derivative compounds against MRSA in in-vitro conditions. In the study, MRSA clinical isolates with different antibiotic resistance profiles were used. The newly synthesized cationic porphyrin derivatives (PM, PE, PPN, and PPL) were used as photosensitizer, and 655 nm diode laser was used as light source. Photoinactivation experiments were performed by optimizing energy doses and photosensitizer concentrations. In photoinactivation experiments with different energy densities and photosensitizer concentrations, more than 99% reduction was achieved in bacterial cell viability. No decrease in bacterial survival was observed in control groups. It was determined that there was an increase in photoinactivation efficiency by increasing the energy dose. At the energy dose of 150 J/cm2 a survival reduction of over 6.33 log10 was observed in each photosensitizer type. While 200 μM PM concentration was required for this photoinactivation, 12.50 μM was sufficient for PE, PPN, and PPL. In our study, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy performed with cationic porphyrin derivatives was found to have potent antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug resistant S. aureus which is frequently isolated from wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Taslı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Akbıyık
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nermin Topaloğlu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vildan Alptüzün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sülünay Parlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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Mahmoudi H, Bahador A, Pourhajibagher M, Alikhani MY. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: An Effective Alternative Approach to Control Bacterial Infections. J Lasers Med Sci 2018; 9:154-160. [PMID: 30809325 PMCID: PMC6378356 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature for in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the field of bacteriology. Methods: A review of the relevant articles carried out in PubMed and Scopus to determine the efficiency of aPDT used in the reduction of microbial infection. Thirty-one relevant documents retrieved from PubMed, Scopus by inserting "antimicrobial photodynamic therapy" and "bacterial infection" and "photodynamic therapy" keywords. Results: According to different results, aPDT can be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of infectious diseases. The use of photosensitizer methylene blue, toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green with light diode laser centered at (630±10 nm) and (650±10 nm) wavelengths have been shown to have significant results for the treatment of infectious diseases and bactericidal properties Conclusion: These findings suggest that, aPDT can be an efficient method in the treatment of localized and superficial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mahmoudi
- Microbiology Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Microbiology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cai Q, Fei Y, An HW, Zhao XX, Ma Y, Cong Y, Hu L, Li LL, Wang H. Macrophage-Instructed Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Killing by Targeting Photodynamic Dimers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9197-9202. [PMID: 29443494 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The survival of Staphylococcus aureus inside phagocytes is considered to be the sticking point of long-term chronic inflammation. Here, we fabricate peptide-chlorophyll-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents with "sandwich" dimeric structure to enhance the PDT effect and active targeting property to eliminate intracellular infections, which could be seen as prospective antibacterial agents for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Yue Fei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yang Ma
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yong Cong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Liming Hu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Li-Li Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
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