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Halim A, Al-Qadi N, Kenyon E, Conner KN, Mondal SK, Medarova Z, Moore A. Inhibition of miR-10b treats metastatic breast cancer by targeting stem cell-like properties. Oncotarget 2024; 15:591-606. [PMID: 39189967 PMCID: PMC11348941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer screening and treatment, prognosis for metastatic disease remains dismal at 30% five-year survival. This is due, in large, to the failure of current therapeutics to target properties unique to metastatic cells. One of the drivers of metastasis is miR-10b, a small noncoding RNA implicated in cancer cell invasion, migration, viability, and proliferation. We have developed a nanodrug, termed MN-anti-miR10b, that delivers anti-miR-10b antisense oligomers to cancer cells. In mouse models of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, MN-anti-miR10b has been shown to prevent onset of metastasis and eliminate existing metastases in combination with chemotherapy, even after treatment has been stopped. Recent studies have implicated miR-10b in conferring stem cell-like properties onto cancer cells, such as chemoresistance. In this study, we show transcriptional evidence that inhibition of miR-10b with MN-anti-miR10b activates developmental processes in cancer cells and that stem-like cancer cells have increased miR-10b expression. We then demonstrate that treatment of breast cancer cells with MN-anti-miR10b reduces their stemness, confirming that these properties make metastatic cells susceptible to the nanodrug actions. Collectively, these findings indicate that inhibition of miR-10b functions to impair breast cancer cell stemness, positioning MN-anti-miR10b as an effective treatment option for stem-like breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Halim
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nasreen Al-Qadi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kayla N. Conner
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Chen M, Kim B, Robertson N, Mondal SK, Medarova Z, Moore A. Co-administration of temozolomide (TMZ) and the experimental therapeutic targeting miR-10b, profoundly affects the tumorigenic phenotype of human glioblastoma cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1179343. [PMID: 37398551 PMCID: PMC10311069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1179343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have shown that miRNA-10b is highly expressed in high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and its inhibition leads to deregulation of multiple pathways in tumorigenesis, resulting in repression of tumor growth and increased apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized that suppressing miR-10b could enhance the cytotoxicity of conventional GBM chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Methods: Inhibition of miR-10b in glioblastoma cells was achieved using an experimental therapeutic consisting of anti-miR10b antagomirs conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles (termed MN-anti-miR10b). The nanoparticles serve as delivery vehicles for the antagomirs as well as imaging reporters guiding the delivery in future animal studies. Results: Treatment of U251 and LN229 human glioblastoma cells with MN-anti-miR10b led to inhibition of miR-10b accompanied by repression of growth and increase in apoptosis. We next explored whether MN-anti-miR10b could enhance the cytotoxic effect of TMZ. During these studies, we unexpectedly found that TMZ monotherapy increased miR-10b expression and changed the expression of corresponding miR-10b targets. This discovery led to the design of a sequence-dependent combination treatment, in which miR-10b inhibition and induction of apoptosis by MN-anti-miR10b was followed by a sub-therapeutic dose of TMZ, which caused cell cycle arrest and ultimately cell death. This combination was highly successful in significant enhancement of apoptosis and decrease in cell migration and invasiveness. Discussion: Considering the unexpected effects of TMZ on miR-10b expression and possible implications on its clinical application, we reasoned that comprehensive in vitro studies were warranted before embarking on studies in animals. These intriguing findings serve as a solid foundation for future in vivo studies and offer promise for the successful treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bryan Kim
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Neil Robertson
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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3
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Samadian E, Colagar AH, Safarzad M, Asadi J, Mansouri K. Inhibitory potency of the nettle lectin on neovascularization: a biomolecule for carbohydrate-mediated targeting of angiogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4491-4503. [PMID: 37024746 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current angiogenesis inhibitors target cellular vascularization processes, including proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In this study, we investigated the impact of Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) on the cellular vascularization process. METHODS AND RESULTS Various concentrations of UDA were applied to normal (HUVEC, MCF-10 A, and HDF from humans, and L-929 from mice) and cancer (A431 and U87 from humans, and 4T1 from mice) cell lines at different times. The MTT, cell migration assay, differentiation of endothelial cells, expression of VEGF-A/VEGF-R2, and integrin α2 were evaluated. The MTT results demonstrated that UDA was non-toxic to normal cells while inhibiting the growth of neoplastic cells. The migratory capacity of HUVECs and U87 glioblastoma cells was inhibited by UDA in the wound repair model. This lectin inhibited HUVEC-induced vessel sprouting in the collagen-cytodex matrix. In addition, UDA treatment reduced VEGF-integrin cross-talk in HUVECs, confirming the anti-angiogenic activity of this molecule. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, UDA may have an effect on cancer cell proliferation and vascularization events while causing minimal toxicity to normal cells via binding glyco-conjugates containing GlcNAc/man oligomers like EGFR. This is a blue clue for the angiogenesis-related therapeutic importance of UDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Samadian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Safarzad
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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4
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Nigam S, Moore A, Wang P. miRNA Theranostic Nanoparticles Promote Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation in Type 1 Diabetes Model. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2592:207-218. [PMID: 36507996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder which affects the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. A variety of strategies, namely, insulin replacement therapy, engineered vaccines, immunomodulators, etc., have been explored to correct this condition. Recent studies have attributed the development of T1D to the anomalous expression of microRNAs in the pancreatic islets. Here, we describe the protocol for the development of a theranostic approach to modify the expression of aberrant miRNAs. The MRI-based nanodrug consists of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated to microRNA-targeting oligonucleotides that can promote proliferation of pancreatic beta cells in a mouse model of T1D. This theranostic approach can successfully serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the targeted treatment of T1D with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Nigam
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Ping Wang
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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5
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Savan NA, Saavedra PV, Halim A, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Wang P, Yoo B, Kiupel M, Sempere L, Medarova Z, Moore A. Case report: MicroRNA-10b as a therapeutic target in feline metastatic mammary carcinoma and its implications for human clinical trials. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959630. [PMID: 36387245 PMCID: PMC9643803 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety percent of deaths from cancer are caused by metastasis. miRNAs are critical players in biological processes such as proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and self-renewal. We and others have previously demonstrated that miRNA-10b promotes metastatic cell migration and invasion. Importantly, we also showed that miR-10b is a critical driver of metastatic cell viability and proliferation. To treat established metastases by inhibiting miR-10b, we utilized a therapeutic, termed MN-anti-miR10b, composed of anti-miR-10b antagomirs, conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles, that serve as delivery vehicles to tumor cells in vivo and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporter. In our previous studies using murine models of metastatic breast cancer, we demonstrated the effectiveness of MN-anti-miR10b in preventing and eliminating existing metastases. With an outlook toward clinical translation of our therapeutic, here we report studies in large animals (companion cats) with spontaneous feline mammary carcinoma (FMC). We first investigated the expression and tissue localization of miR-10b in feline tumors and metastases and showed remarkable similarity to these features in humans. Next, in the first case study involving this therapeutic we intravenously dosed an FMC patient with MN-anti-miR10b and demonstrated its delivery to the metastatic lesions using MRI. We also showed the initial safety profile of the therapeutic and demonstrated significant change in miR-10b expression and its target HOXD10 after dosing. Our results provide support for using companion animals for further MN-anti-miR10b development as a therapy and serve as a guide for future clinical trials in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Anna Savan
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Paulo Vilar Saavedra
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alan Halim
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Byunghee Yoo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lorenzo Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Transcode Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Ahmed R, Samanta S, Banerjee J, Kar SS, Dash SK. Modulatory role of miRNAs in thyroid and breast cancer progression and insights into their therapeutic manipulation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100131. [PMID: 36568259 PMCID: PMC9780070 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, thyroid cancer has become one of the most common types of endocrine cancer, contributing to an increase in prevalence. In the year 2020, there were 586,202 newly diagnosed cases of thyroid cancer around the world. This constituted approximately 3.0% of all patients diagnosed with cancer. The World Health Organization reported that there will be 2.3 million women receiving treatment for breast cancer in 2020, with 685,000. Despite the fact that carcinoma is one of the world's leading causes of death, there is still a paucity of information about its biology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are non-coding RNAs that can reduce gene expression by cleaving the 3' untranslated regions of mRNA. These factors make them a potential protein translation inhibitor. Diverse biological mechanisms implicated in the genesis of cancer are modulated by miRNA. The investigation of global miRNA expression in cancer showed regulatory activity through up regulation and down-regulation in several cancers, including thyroid cancer and breast cancer. In thyroid cancer, miRNA influences several cancers related signaling pathways through modulating MAPK, PI3K, and the RAS pathway. In breast cancer, the regulatory activity of miRNA was played through the cyclin protein family, protein kinases and their inhibitors, and other growth promoters or suppressors, which modulated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. This article's goal is to discuss key miRNA expressions that are involved in the development of thyroid and breast cancer as well as their therapeutic manipulation for these two specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubai Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvrendu Sankar Kar
- Department of Medicine, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700004, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India,Corresponding author.
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Wang L, Qiao C, Cao L, Cai S, Ma X, Song X, Jiang Q, Huang C, Wang J. Significance of HOXD transcription factors family in progression, migration and angiogenesis of cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103809. [PMID: 36108961 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors (TFs) of the HOX family play significant roles during early embryonic development and cellular processes. They also play a key role in tumorigenesis as tumor oncogenes or suppressors. Furthermore, TFs of the HOXD geFIne cluster affect proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumors. Consequently, dysregulated activity of HOXD TFs has been linked to clinicopathological characteristics of cancer. HOXD TFs are regulated by non-coding RNAs and methylation of DNA on promoter and enhancer regions. In addition, HOXD genes modulate the biological function of cancer cells via the MEK and AKT signaling pathways, thus, making HOXD TFs, a suitable molecular marker for cancer prognosis and therapy. In this review, we summarized the roles of HOXD TFs in different cancers and highlighted its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- Gastroenterology department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Institute of precision medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chenyang Qiao
- Gastroenterology department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinqiu Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Gastroenterology department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Institute of precision medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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8
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Role of Nano-miRNAs in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126836. [PMID: 35743278 PMCID: PMC9223810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of gene expression, controlling different biological processes such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. The relationships between miRNA expression and the onset and progression of different diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases, and neurological disorders, are well known. A nanotechnology-based approach could match miRNA delivery and detection to move beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Different kinds of nanotechnologies can have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNA-related diseases such as cancer. Developing novel methodologies aimed at clinical practice represents a big challenge for the early diagnosis of specific diseases. Within this context, nanotechnology represents a wide emerging area at the forefront of research over the last two decades, whose potential has yet to be fully attained. Nanomedicine, derived from nanotechnology, can exploit the unique properties of nanometer-sized particles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Through nanomedicine, specific treatment to counteract only cancer-cell proliferation will be improved, while leaving healthy cells intact. In this review, we dissect the properties of different nanocarriers and their roles in the early detection and treatment of cancer.
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Tarannum M, Vivero-Escoto JL. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies targeting major clinical challenges in pancreatic cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114357. [PMID: 35605679 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers due to its aggressiveness and the challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recently, nanotechnology has demonstrated relevant strategies to overcome some of the major clinical issues in the treatment of PDAC. This review is focused on the pathological hallmarks of PDAC and the impact of nanotechnology to find solutions. It describes the use of nanoparticle-based systems designed for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and combinatorial alternatives that address the chemoresistance associated with PDAC, the development of combination therapies targeting the molecular heterogeneity in PDAC, the investigation of novel therapies dealing with the improvement of immunotherapy and handling the desmoplastic stroma in PDAC by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. A special section is dedicated to the design of nanoparticles for unique non-traditional modalities that could be promising in the future for the improvement in the dismal prognosis of PDAC.
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Richard V, Davey MG, Annuk H, Miller N, Kerin MJ. The double agents in liquid biopsy: promoter and informant biomarkers of early metastases in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:95. [PMID: 35379239 PMCID: PMC8978379 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be a major global problem with significant mortality associated with advanced stage and metastases at clinical presentation. However, several findings suggest that metastasis is indeed an early occurrence. The standard diagnostic techniques such as invasive core needle biopsy, serological protein marker assays, and non-invasive radiological imaging do not provide information about the presence and molecular profile of small fractions of early metastatic tumor cells which are prematurely dispersed in the circulatory system. These circulating tumor cells (CTCs) diverge from the primary tumors as clusters with a defined secretome comprised of circulating cell-free nucleic acids and small microRNAs (miRNAs). These circulatory biomarkers provide a blueprint of the mutational profile of the tumor burden and tumor associated alterations in the molecular signaling pathways involved in oncogenesis. Amidst the multitude of circulatory biomarkers, miRNAs serve as relatively stable and precise biomarkers in the blood for the early detection of CTCs, and promote step-wise disease progression by executing paracrine signaling that transforms the microenvironment to guide the metastatic CTCs to anchor at a conducive new organ. Random sampling of easily accessible patient blood or its serum/plasma derivatives and other bodily fluids collectively known as liquid biopsy (LB), forms an efficient alternative to tissue biopsies. In this review, we discuss in detail the divergence of early metastases as CTCs and the involvement of miRNAs as detectable blood-based diagnostic biomarkers that warrant a timely screening of cancer, serial monitoring of therapeutic response, and the dynamic molecular adaptations induced by miRNAs on CTCs in guiding primary and second-line systemic therapy.
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Smith ES, Whitty E, Yoo B, Moore A, Sempere LF, Medarova Z. Clinical Applications of Short Non-Coding RNA-Based Therapies in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061588. [PMID: 35326738 PMCID: PMC8946086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RNA-based drugs are an attractive approach for personalized treatment of cancer and other diseases. This review focuses on two related classes of short non-coding RNA: microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). miRNAs are endogenous short RNAs that bind multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and prevent the production of their gene-products, whereas siRNAs are exogenous RNAs that target a single and specific mRNA for degradation. This review describes the development, challenges, and clinical successes of short RNA-based drugs. We provide several examples of how these RNA drugs are designed, chemically modified and delivered for treatment of different cancer types, cardiovascular disease, and rare genetic disorders. We highlight the similarities, differences, and considerations to maximize the treatment efficacy of miRNA-based vs. siRNA-based drugs. Abstract Traditional targeted therapeutic agents have relied on small synthetic molecules or large proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies. These agents leave a lot of therapeutic targets undruggable because of the lack or inaccessibility of active sites and/or pockets in their three-dimensional structure that can be chemically engaged. RNA presents an attractive, transformative opportunity to reach any genetic target with therapeutic intent. RNA therapeutic design is amenable to modularity and tunability and is based on a computational blueprint presented by the genetic code. Here, we will focus on short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as a promising therapeutic modality because of their potency and versatility. We review recent progress towards clinical application of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for single-target therapy and microRNA (miRNA) activity modulators for multi-target therapy. siRNAs derive their potency from the fact that the underlying RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism is catalytic and reliant on post-transcriptional mRNA degradation. Therapeutic siRNAs can be designed against virtually any mRNA sequence in the transcriptome and specifically target a disease-causing mRNA variant. Two main classes of microRNA activity modulators exist to increase (miRNA mimics) or decrease (anti-miRNA inhibitors) the function of a specific microRNA. Since a single microRNA regulates the expression of multiple target genes, a miRNA activity modulator can have a more profound effect on global gene expression and protein output than siRNAs do. Both types of sncRNA-based drugs have been investigated in clinical trials and some siRNAs have already been granted FDA approval for the treatment of genetic, cardiometabolic, and infectious diseases. Here, we detail clinical results using siRNA and miRNA therapeutics and present an outlook for the potential of these sncRNAs in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Eric Whitty
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (E.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Byunghee Yoo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (E.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (L.F.S.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (E.W.); (B.Y.)
- Transcode Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA 02109, USA
- Correspondence: (L.F.S.); (Z.M.)
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12
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Circulating tumour cells in the -omics era: how far are we from achieving the 'singularity'? Br J Cancer 2022; 127:173-184. [PMID: 35273384 PMCID: PMC9296521 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, cancer diagnosis has expanded to include liquid biopsies in addition to tissue biopsies. Liquid biopsies can result in earlier and more accurate diagnosis and more effective monitoring of disease progression than tissue biopsies as samples can be collected frequently. Because of these advantages, liquid biopsies are now used extensively in clinical care. Liquid biopsy samples are analysed for circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA, RNA, proteins and exosomes. CTCs originate from the tumour, play crucial roles in metastasis and carry information on tumour heterogeneity. Multiple single-cell omics approaches allow the characterisation of the molecular makeup of CTCs. It has become evident that CTCs are robust biomarkers for predicting therapy response, clinical development of metastasis and disease progression. This review describes CTC biology, molecular heterogeneity within CTCs and the involvement of EMT in CTC dynamics. In addition, we describe the single-cell multi-omics technologies that have provided insights into the molecular features within therapy-resistant and metastasis-prone CTC populations. Functional studies coupled with integrated multi-omics analyses have the potential to identify therapies that can intervene the functions of CTCs.
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Zhang J, Bai S, Zhang X, Yan Y, Kang H, Li G, Feng Z, Ma W, Sun H, Ren J. Clinical Study of 2 Radiotherapy Techniques for Semi-Hepatic Alternating Radiotherapy on Diffuse Liver Metastasis in Patients with Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211051808. [PMID: 34913767 PMCID: PMC8761890 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211051808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the effects of 2 techniques of semi-hepatic
alternating radiotherapy on diffuse hepatic metastasis in patients with breast
cancer. Methodology: A total of 68 breast cancer patients with
diffuse liver metastasis were randomly divided into Group A (semi-hepatic
alternating radiotherapy) and Group B (semi-hepatic sequential radiotherapy). In
Group A (semi-hepatic sequential radiotherapy), the liver was divided into the
first semi-liver and second semi-liver and alternatively treated with
semi-hepatic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The interval between
the 2 instances of semi-hepatic radiotherapy was 6 h. The average radiotherapy
dose to the semi-livers was both 2 Gy/fraction, once a day, 5 times per week,
with a total dose of 30 Gy for 15 days. The total radiation therapy time in
Group A was 15 days in Group B (semi-hepatic sequential radiotherapy), the
livers were divided into the first semi-liver and second semi-liver and treated
with semi-hepatic sequential IMRT, The first semi-liver was first treated in the
initial stage of radiation therapy, the average radiotherapy dose to the
semi-liver was 2 Gy/fraction, once a day, 5 times per week, with a total dose of
30 Gy for 15 days. The second semi-liver was treated next in the second stage of
radiation therapy, the average radiotherapy dose to the semi-liver was
2 Gy/fraction, once a day, 5 times per week, with a total dose of 30 Gy for 15
days. The total radiation therapy time in group B was 30 days.
Results: The objective response rate (complete
response + partial response) of Group A and Group B were 50.0% and 48.5%,
respectively (p = .903). The median survival time after
metastasis (median survival of recurrence) of Group A and Group B was 16.7
months and 16.2 months, respectively (p = .411). The cumulative
survival rates of 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years of Group A and Group B
were 90.6% (29 of 32) and 84.8% (28 of 33) (p = .478), 65.6%
(21 of 32) and 60.6% (20 of 33) (p = .675), 31.2% (10 of 32)
and 27.3% (9 of 33) (p = .725), and 15.6% (5 of 32) and 0 (0 of
33) (p = .018), respectively. The differences between the 2
groups showed no statistical significance in terms of cumulative survival rates
in 1 year, 2 years, however, the 3-year survival rate was significantly
different. The main toxic reactions were digestive tract reactions, abnormal
liver functions, and myelosuppression. The incidence of I to II degree
gastrointestinal reactions was 78.13% (25 of 32) in Group A and 72.73% (24 of
33) in Group B (p = .614). The incidence of I to II abnormal
liver function was 53.13% (17 of 32) in Group A and 48.48% (16 of 33) in Group B
(p = .708). The differences between the 2 groups showed no
statistical significance. The incidence of I to II myelosuppression was 59.38%
(19 of 32) in Group A and 51.52% (17 of 33) in Group B
(p = .524), respectively. The differences between the 2 groups
showed no statistical significance in terms of adverse effects.
Conclusion: Semi-hepatic alternating IMRT was an effective
palliative treatment for diffuse liver metastasis in patients with breast
cancer. Semi-hepatic alternating radiotherapy showed a trend of prolonged
survival time when compared with semi-hepatic sequential radiotherapy. Compared
with the former, the latter showed a trend of lower incidences of side effects
without any statistical differences. Moreover, the side effects from the 2
radiotherapy techniques can be controlled through appropriate management, which
is worthy of further exploration and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuheng Bai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xingzhou Zhang
- Oncology Department, Wuhan Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanli Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haojing Kang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Chemotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangzu Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhaode Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Orlandella FM, Auletta L, Greco A, Zannetti A, Salvatore G. Preclinical Imaging Evaluation of miRNAs' Delivery and Effects in Breast Cancer Mouse Models: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6020. [PMID: 34885130 PMCID: PMC8656589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have conducted a systematic review focusing on the advancements in preclinical molecular imaging to study the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of miRNAs in mouse models of breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review of English articles published in peer-reviewed journals using PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS™ and Scopus was performed. Search terms included breast cancer, mouse, mice, microRNA(s) and miRNA(s). RESULTS From a total of 2073 records, our final data extraction was from 114 manuscripts. The most frequently used murine genetic background was Balb/C (46.7%). The most frequently used model was the IV metastatic model (46.8%), which was obtained via intravenous injection (68.9%) in the tail vein. Bioluminescence was the most used frequently used tool (64%), and was used as a surrogate for tumor growth for efficacy treatment or for the evaluation of tumorigenicity in miRNA-transfected cells (29.9%); for tracking, evaluation of engraftment and for response to therapy in metastatic models (50.6%). CONCLUSIONS This review provides a systematic and focused analysis of all the information available and related to the imaging protocols with which to test miRNA therapy in an in vivo mice model of breast cancer, and has the purpose of providing an important tool to suggest the best preclinical imaging protocol based on available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, IBB-CNR, 80145 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Adelaide Greco
- InterDepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, IBB-CNR, 80145 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giuliana Salvatore
- IRCCS SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.A.R.L., 80145 Naples, Italy
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Sempere LF, Azmi AS, Moore A. microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1662. [PMID: 33998154 PMCID: PMC8519065 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost two decades since the first link between microRNAs and cancer was established. In the ensuing years, this abundant class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs has been studied in virtually all cancer types. This tremendously large body of research has generated innovative technological advances for detection of microRNAs in tissue and bodily fluids, identified the diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive value of individual microRNAs or microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for patient management, shed light on regulatory mechanisms of RNA-RNA interactions that modulate gene expression, uncovered cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell communication roles of specific microRNAs, and developed a battery of viral and nonviral delivery approaches for therapeutic intervention. Despite these intense and prolific research efforts in preclinical and clinical settings, there are a limited number of microRNA-based applications that have been incorporated into clinical practice. We review recent literature and ongoing clinical trials that highlight most promising approaches and standing challenges to translate these findings into viable microRNA-based clinical tools for cancer medicine. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Department of Radiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Anna Moore
- Departments of Radiology and Physiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Le Fur M, Ross A, Pantazopoulos P, Rotile N, Zhou I, Caravan P, Medarova Z, Yoo B. Radiolabeling and PET-MRI microdosing of the experimental cancer therapeutic, MN-anti-miR10b, demonstrates delivery to metastatic lesions in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021; 12:16. [PMID: 34531932 PMCID: PMC8442631 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our earlier work, we identified microRNA-10b (miR10b) as a master regulator of the viability of metastatic tumor cells. This knowledge allowed us to design a miR10b-targeted therapeutic consisting of anti-miR10b and ultrasmall iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MN), termed MN-anti-miR10b. In mouse models of breast cancer, we demonstrated that MN-anti-miR10b caused durable regressions of established metastases with no evidence of systemic toxicity. As a first step towards translating MN-anti-miR10b for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, we needed to determine if MN-anti-miR10b, which is so effective in mice, will also accumulate in human metastases. RESULTS In this study, we devised a method to efficiently radiolabel MN-anti-miR10b with Cu-64 (64Cu) and evaluated the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the radiolabeled product at two different doses: a therapeutic dose, referred to as macrodose, corresponding to 64Cu-MN-anti-miR10b co-injected with non-labeled MN-anti-miR10b, and a tracer level dose of 64Cu-MN-anti-miR10b, referred to as microdose. In addition, we evaluated the uptake of 64Cu-MN-anti-miR10b by metastatic lesions using both in vivo and ex vivo positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI). A comparable distribution of the therapeutic was observed after administration of a microdose or macrodose. Uptake of the therapeutic by metastatic lymph nodes, lungs, and bone was also demonstrated by PET-MRI with a significantly higher PET signal than in the same organs devoid of metastatic lesions. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that PET-MRI following a microdose injection of the agent will accurately reflect the innate biodistribution of the therapeutic. The tools developed in the present study lay the groundwork for the clinical testing of MN-anti-miR10b and other similar therapeutics in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Le Fur
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Alana Ross
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Nicholas Rotile
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Iris Zhou
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Byunghee Yoo
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
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17
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Xu SB, Fan RH, Qin X, Han RM. microRNA Prognostic Signature for Postoperative Success of Metastatic Orthopedic Cancers: Implications for Precision Microsurgery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704505. [PMID: 34277644 PMCID: PMC8285058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of miRNA prognostic signature in cancer, particular cancer metastasis is increasingly being realized. Bone metastasis from several primary human cancers can be managed in clinics by surgical intervention but the prognostic impact of miRNA signature on post-surgery outcome of patients is unknown. This study evaluated a miRNA signature for post-operative outcome of patients with bone metastatic disease. First, the miRNAs, miR-135, miR-203, miR-10b, miR-194, miR-886, and miR-124 were evaluated in bone metastatic tissues, relative to adjacent control tissue. The cohorts of samples (n = 44) consisted of bone metastatic cancer patients with primary lung (n = 18) or breast cancer (n = 26). miR-203 was significantly down-regulated while miR-10b was significantly up-regulated in bone metastasis. Additionally, miR-135 was significantly differentially expressed in the primary lung cancer patients while miR-194 in primary breast cancer patients. The low miR-203- high miR-10b expression was designated high risk group and, compared to the low risk group (high miR-203-low miR-10b expression). Patients with the signature high risk fared significantly better with surgical intervention, in terms of survival at 12 months time point (40% survival with surgery vs. 10% survival without surgery), as revealed by retrospective analysis of patient data. This work reveals potential utilization of miRNA expression levels in not only the general prognosis of cancer metastasis but also the prognosis of surgical intervention with implication for better stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, JiaoZuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Rong-Hao Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, JiaoZuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, JiaoZuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Rui-Ming Han
- Department of Orthopedics, JiaoZuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
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18
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Inoue J, Inazawa J. Cancer-associated miRNAs and their therapeutic potential. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:937-945. [PMID: 34088973 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA; miR) is a functionally small non-coding RNA and can negatively regulate gene expression by directly binding to the target gene. Some miRNAs are closely involved in the development and progression of cancer and are abnormally expressed in many cancer types. Therefore, control of the expression of cancer-associated miRNAs is expected as a next-generation drug modality to treat advanced types of cancers with high unmet medical needs. Indeed, miRNA therapeutics, which are based on the functional inhibition of oncogenic miRNA (OncomiR) using antisense oligonucleotides (anti-miR) and the replacement via the introduction of a synthetic miRNA mimic for tumor suppressive miRNA (TS-miR), have been developed. In this review, we summarize cancer-associated miRNAs related to various cancer pathologies and their clinical application to miRNA therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Inoue
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan. .,Bioresource Research Center, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan.
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Grimaldi AM, Salvatore M, Incoronato M. miRNA-Based Therapeutics in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668464. [PMID: 34026646 PMCID: PMC8131824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in females and despite advances in treatment, it represents the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Conventional therapeutic modalities have significantly improved the management of BC patients, but subtype heterogeneity, drug resistance, and tumor relapse remain the major factors to hamper the effectiveness of therapy for BC. In this scenario, miRNA(miR)-based therapeutics offer a very attractive area of study. However, the use of miR-based therapeutics for BC treatment still represents an underdeveloped topic. Therefore, this systematic review aims at summarizing current knowledge on promising miR-based therapeutics for BC exploring original articles focusing on in vivo experiments. Methods The current systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE databases were comprehensively explored to perform the article search. Results Twenty-one eligible studies were included and analyzed: twelve focused on antitumor miR-based therapeutics and nine on metastatic miR-based therapeutics. We found 18 different miRs tested as potential therapeutic molecules in animal model experiments. About 90% of the selected studies evaluate the efficiency and the safety of miRs as therapeutic agents in triple-negative (TN)-BC mouse models. Among all founded miR-based therapeutics, miR-21 emerged to be the most investigated and proposed as a potential antitumoral molecule for TNBC treatment. Besides, miR-34a and miR-205a appeared to be successful antitumoral and antimetastatic molecules. Conclusions Our analysis provides a snapshot of the current scenario regarding the miRs as therapeutic molecules in BC. Nevertheless, despite many efforts, none of the selected studies goes beyond preclinical studies, and their translatability in the clinical practice seems quite premature.
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20
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MiRNA10b-directed nanotherapy effectively targets brain metastases from breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2844. [PMID: 33531596 PMCID: PMC7854676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference represents one of the most appealing therapeutic modalities for cancer because of its potency, versatility, and modularity. Because the mechanism is catalytic and affects the expression of disease-causing antigens at the post-transcriptional level, only small amounts of therapeutic need to be delivered to the target in order to exert a robust therapeutic effect. RNA interference is also advantageous over other treatment modalities, such as monoclonal antibodies or small molecules, because it has a much broader array of druggable targets. Finally, the complementarity of the genetic code gives us the opportunity to design RNAi therapeutics using computational, rational approaches. Previously, we developed and tested an RNAi-targeted therapeutic, termed MN-anti-miR10b, which was designed to inhibit the critical driver of metastasis and metastatic colonization, miRNA-10b. We showed in animal models of metastatic breast cancer that MN-anti-miR10b accumulated into tumors and metastases in the lymph nodes, lungs, and bone, following simple intravenous injection. We also found that treatment incorporating MN-anti-miR10b was effective at inhibiting the emergence of metastases and could regress already established metastases in the lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. In the present study, we extend the application of MN-anti-miR10b to a model of breast cancer metastatic to the brain. We demonstrate delivery to the metastatic lesions and obtain evidence of a therapeutic effect manifested as inhibition of metastatic progression. This investigation represents an additional step towards translating similar RNAi-targeted therapeutics for the systemic treatment of metastatic disease.
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21
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Zou L, Imani S, Maghsoudloo M, Shasaltaneh MD, Gao L, Zhou J, Wen Q, Liu S, Zhang L, Chen G. Genome‑wide copy number analysis of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1075-1093. [PMID: 32705227 PMCID: PMC7388446 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome‑wide copy number analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provides a promising prognostic biomarker for survival in breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) patients. The present study aimed to confirm the prognostic value of the presence of CTCs in BCLM patients. We previously developed an assay for the genome‑wide pattern differences in copy number variations (CNVs) as an adjunct test for the routine imaging and histopathologic diagnosis methods to distinguish newly diagnosed liver metastases and recurrent liver metastases. Forty‑three breast cancer patients were selected for this study in which 23 newly diagnosed and 20 recurrent liver metastases were diagnosed by histopathology and 18F‑FDG PET/CT imaging. CTCs were counted from all patients using the CellSearch system and were confirmed by cytomorphology and three‑color immunocytochemistry. Genomic DNA of single CTCs was amplified using multiple annealing and looping based amplification cycles (MALBAC). Then, we compared the CTC numbers of newly diagnosed and recurrent BCLM patients using Illumina platforms. A high CTC frequency (>15 CTCs/7.5 ml blood) was found to be correlated with disease severity and metastatic progression, which suggests the value for CTCs in the diagnosis of BCLM in comparison with pathohistology and PET/CT imaging (P>0.05). Moreover, CTCs isolated from BCLM patients remained an independent prognostic detection factor associated with overall survival (P=0.0041). Comparison between newly diagnosed and recurrent liver metastases revealed different frequencies of CNVs (P>0.05). Notably, the CNV pattern of isolated CTCs of recurrent BCLM patients was similar to recurrent liver metastases (nearly 82% of the gain/loss regions). Functional enrichment analysis identified 25 genes as a CNV signature of BCLM. Among them, were defensin and β‑defensin genes, which are significantly associated with anti‑angiogenesis and immunomodulation signaling pathways. High CTC frequencies are effective in the evaluation and differentiation between newly diagnosed liver metastases from recurrent liver metastases. Future clinical studies will be necessary to fully determine the prognostic potential of CTC cluster signatures in patients with BCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Lanyang Gao
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Humanities and Management Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Equipment, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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22
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Wang P, Liu Q, Zhao H, Bishop JO, Zhou G, Olson LK, Moore A. miR-216a-targeting theranostic nanoparticles promote proliferation of insulin-secreting cells in type 1 diabetes animal model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5302. [PMID: 32210316 PMCID: PMC7093482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miRNAs in pancreatic islets is closely related to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to identify key miRNAs dysregulated in pancreatic islets during T1D progression and to develop a theranostic approach to modify their expression using an MRI-based nanodrug consisting of iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated to miRNA-targeting oligonucleotides in a mouse model of T1D. Isolated pancreatic islets were derived from NOD mice of three distinct age groups (3, 8 and 18-week-old). Total RNA collected from cultured islets was purified and global miRNA profiling was performed with 3D-Gene global miRNA microarray mouse chips encompassing all mouse miRNAs available on the Sanger miRBase V16. Of the miRNAs that were found to be differentially expressed across three age groups, we identified one candidate (miR-216a) implicated in beta cell proliferation for subsequent validation by RT-PCR. Alterations in miR-216a expression within pancreatic beta cells were also examined using in situ hybridization on the frozen pancreatic sections. For in vitro studies, miR-216a mimics/inhibitors were conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles and incubated with beta cell line, βTC-6. Cell proliferation marker Ki67 was evaluated. Expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which is one of the direct targets of miR-216a, was analyzed using western blot. For in vivo study, the miR-216a mimics/inhibitors conjugated to the nanoparticles were injected into 12-week-old female diabetic Balb/c mice via pancreatic duct. The delivery of the nanodrug was monitored by in vivo MRI. Blood glucose of the treated mice was monitored post injection. Ex vivo histological analysis of the pancreatic sections included staining for insulin, PTEN and Ki67. miRNA microarray demonstrated that the expression of miR-216a in the islets from NOD mice significantly changed during T1D progression. In vitro studies showed that treatment with a miR-216a inhibitor nanodrug suppressed proliferation of beta cells and increased the expression of PTEN, a miR-216a target. In contrast, introduction of a mimic nanodrug decreased PTEN expression and increased beta cell proliferation. Animals treated in vivo with a mimic nanodrug had higher insulin-producing functionality compared to controls. These observations were in line with downregulation of PTEN and increase in beta cell proliferation in that group. Our studies demonstrated that miR-216a could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes. miR-216a-targeting theranostic nanodrugs served as exploratory tools to define functionality of this miRNA in conjunction with in vivo MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Precision Health Program, Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Jack Owen Bishop
- Precision Health Program, Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Guoli Zhou
- Biomedical Research Informatics Core, Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - L Karl Olson
- Department of Physiology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA.
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23
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Yoo B, Meka N, Sheedy P, Billig AM, Pantazopoulos P, Medarova Z. MicroRNA-710 regulates multiple pathways of carcinogenesis in murine metastatic breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226356. [PMID: 31834924 PMCID: PMC6910689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has shown that critical differences between non-metastatic and metastatic tumor cells are at the level of microRNA. Consequently, harnessing these molecules for the treatment of metastatic cancer could have significant clinical impact. In the present study, we set out to identify metastasis-specific microRNAs which drive metastatic colonization of distant organs. Using a murine model of metastatic breast cancer, we employed a directed approach in which we screened for microRNAs that are differentially expressed between the primary tumors and metastatic lesions but concordantly expressed in all of the metastatic lesions irrespective of the tissue that is colonized. Of the identified targets, we focused on miR-710, which was consistently and significantly downregulated in the metastatic lesions relative to the primary tumors. The level of downregulation was independent of the distant organ that is involved, suggesting that miR-710 plays a fundamental role in metastatic colonization. Computational target prediction suggested a pleiotropic role for miR-710 in apoptosis, migration and invasion, and stemness. Using a previously validated oligonucleotide delivery system, we introduced miR-710 mimics into 4T1 metastatic breast adenocarcinoma cells and assessed the resultant phenotypic effects. We demonstrated significant inhibition of cell viability, migration, and invasion. We also showed that the treatment profoundly enhanced cell senescence, reduced stemness, and influenced markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as evidenced by enhanced E-cadherin and reduced vimentin expression. This knowledge represents a first step towards harnessing a similar approach to discover novel microRNA targets with therapeutic potential in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Yoo
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZM)
| | - Nikhil Meka
- College of Arts and Science, New York University, NY, United States of America
| | - Patrick Sheedy
- Department of Health Sciences, CaNCURE Program, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Ann-Marie Billig
- Department of Health Sciences, CaNCURE Program, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZM)
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24
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Zhang Z, Qiao J, Zhang D, Zhu W, Zhu J, Leng X, Li S. Noncoding RNAs Act as Tumor-Derived Molecular Components in Inducing Premetastatic Niche Formation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9258075. [PMID: 31309120 PMCID: PMC6594336 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9258075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis has been demonstrated as it is the culmination of a cascade of priming steps. Increasing evidence has shown that tumor-derived molecular components (TDMCs) are known as extra cellular vesicle and nonvesicle factors and serve as versatile intercellular communication vehicles which can mediate signaling in the tumor microenvironment while creating the premetastatic niche. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as one of the TDMCs have been proved in participating in the formation of the premetastatic niche. Understanding the premetastatic niche formation mechanisms through TDMCs, especially ncRNAs may open a new avenue for cancer metastasis therapeutic strategies. In this review, recent findings regarding ncRNAs function were summarized, and then the interaction with the premetastatic niche formation was studied, which highlight the potential of using ncRNAs for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhedong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Dafang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xisheng Leng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
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25
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Miroshnichenko S, Patutina O. Enhanced Inhibition of Tumorigenesis Using Combinations of miRNA-Targeted Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:488. [PMID: 31156429 PMCID: PMC6531850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for effective strategies to inhibit tumorigenesis remains one of the most relevant scientific challenges. Among the most promising approaches is the direct modulation of the function of short non-coding RNAs, particularly miRNAs. These molecules are propitious targets for anticancer therapy, since they perform key regulatory roles in a variety of signaling cascades related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The development of pathological states is often associated with deregulation of miRNA expression. The present review describes in detail the strategies aimed at modulating miRNA activity that invoke antisense oligonucleotide construction, such as small RNA zippers, miRNases (miRNA-targeted artificial ribonucleases), miRNA sponges, miRNA masks, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides, and synthetic miRNA mimics. The broad impact of developed miRNA-based therapeutics on the various events of tumorigenesis is also discussed. Above all, the focus of this review is to evaluate the results of the combined application of different miRNA-based agents and chemotherapeutic drugs for the inhibition of tumor development. Many studies indicate a considerable increase in the efficacy of anticancer therapy as a result of additive or synergistic effects of simultaneously applied therapies. Different drug combinations, such as a cocktail of antisense oligonucleotides or multipotent miRNA sponges directed at several oncogenic microRNAs belonging to the same/different miRNA families, a mixture of anti-miRNA oligonucleotides and cytostatic drugs, and a combination of synthetic miRNA mimics, have a more complex and profound effect on the various events of tumorigenesis as compared with treatment with a single miRNA-based agent or chemotherapeutic drug. These data provide strong evidence that the simultaneous application of several distinct strategies aimed at suppressing different cellular processes linked to tumorigenesis is a promising approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Miroshnichenko
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Patutina
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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26
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. They play important roles in many biological processes under physiological or pathological conditions, including development, metabolism, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune response. Over the past 15 years, significant insights have been gained into the roles of miRNAs in cancer. Depending on the cancer type, miRNAs can act as oncogenes, tumor suppressors, or metastasis regulators. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs as components of molecular networks regulating metastasis. These miRNAs, termed metastamiRs, promote or inhibit metastasis through various mechanisms, including regulation of migration, invasion, colonization, cancer stem cell properties, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and microenvironment. Some of these metastamiRs represent attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenna Xiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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27
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RNAi-Mediated PD-L1 Inhibition for Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4712. [PMID: 30886310 PMCID: PMC6423142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent past has seen impressive progress in the treatment of various malignancies using immunotherapy. One of the most promising approaches involves immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the clinical results with these agents have demonstrated variability in the response. Pancreatic cancer, in particular, has proven resistant to initial immunotherapy approaches. Here, we describe an alternative strategy that relies on combining gemcitabine and a novel programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, termed MN-siPDL1. MN-siPDL1 incorporates small interfering RNA against PD-L1 (siPDL1) conjugated to a magnetic nanocarrier (MN). We show that noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used to monitor therapeutic response. Combination therapy consisting of gemcitabine and MN-siPDL1 in a syngeneic murine pancreatic cancer model resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth and an increase in survival. Following optimization, a 90% reduction in tumor volume was achieved 2 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Whereas 100% of the control animals had succumbed to their tumors by week 6 after the beginning of treatment, there was no mortality in the experimental group by week 5, and 67% of the experimental animals survived for 12 weeks. This method could provide therapeutic benefit against an intractable disease for which there are no effective treatments and which is characterized by a mere 1% 5-year survival.
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28
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Sheedy P, Medarova Z. The fundamental role of miR-10b in metastatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1674-1688. [PMID: 30323962 PMCID: PMC6176190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small, non-coding strands of RNA have been identified as a significant player in the pathology of cancer. One of the first miRNAs to be shown as having aberrant expression in cancer was miR-10b. Since the inaugural study on miR-10b, its role as a metastasis promoting factor has been extensively validated. To date, more than 100 studies have been completed on miR-10b and metastasis across 18 cancer types. This immense set of information holds possibilities for novel methods to improve the lives of many. This review outlines what is currently understood of miR-10b's clinical significance, its molecular regulation, and the possible diagnostic and therapeutic methods leveraging miR-10b as a fundamental target in metastatic cancer. Such methods would move us closer to developing a truly individualized therapeutic strategy against cancer and will likely provide unique information about cancer staging, disease outcome, metastatic potential, and ultimately survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sheedy
- Department of Health Sciences, CaNCURE Program, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02129, USA
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29
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Yoo B, Greninger P, Stein GT, Egan RK, McClanaghan J, Moore A, Benes CH, Medarova Z. Potent and selective effect of the mir-10b inhibitor MN-anti-mir10b in human cancer cells of diverse primary disease origin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201046. [PMID: 30028875 PMCID: PMC6054402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have been implicated in oncogenesis, many of them have been identified as therapeutic targets. Previously we have demonstrated that miRNA-10b acts as a master regulator of the viability of metastatic tumor cells and represents a target for therapeutic intervention. We designed and synthesized an inhibitor of miR-10b, termed MN-anti-miR10b. We showed that treatment with MN-anti-miR10b led to durable regression/elimination of established metastases in murine models of metastatic breast cancer. Since miRNA-10b has been associated with various metastatic and non-metastatic cancers, in the present study, we investigated the effect of MN-anti-miR10b in a panel of over 600 cell lines derived from a variety of human malignancies. We observed an effect on the viability of multiple cell lines within each cancer type and a mostly dichotomous response with cell lines either strongly responsive to MN-anti-miR10b or not at all even at maximum dose tested, suggesting a very high specificity of the effect. Genomic modeling of the drug response showed enrichment of genes associated with the proto-oncogene, c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Yoo
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Giovanna T. Stein
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Regina K. Egan
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Joseph McClanaghan
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZM); (CHB); (AM)
| | - Cyril H. Benes
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZM); (CHB); (AM)
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZM); (CHB); (AM)
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30
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Yoo B, Fuchs BC, Medarova Z. New Directions in the Study and Treatment of Metastatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:258. [PMID: 30042926 PMCID: PMC6048200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapy has relied on a strictly cytotoxic approach that views non-metastatic and metastatic tumor cells as identical in terms of molecular biology and sensitivity to therapeutic intervention. Mounting evidence suggests that, in fact, non-metastatic and metastatic tumor cells differ in key characteristics that could explain the capacity of the metastatic cells to not only escape the primary organ but also to survive while in the circulation and to colonize a distant organ. Here, we lay out a framework for a new multi-pronged therapeutic approach. This approach involves modifying the local microenvironment of the primary tumor to inhibit the formation and release of metastatic cells; normalizing the microenvironment of the metastatic organ to limit the capacity of metastatic tumor cells to invade and colonize the organ; remediating the immune response to tumor neoantigens; and targeting metastatic tumor cells on a systemic level by restoring critical and unique aspects of the cell’s phenotype, such as anchorage dependence. Given the limited progress against metastatic cancer using traditional therapeutic strategies, the outlined paradigm could provide a more rational alternative to patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Yoo
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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31
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Yoo B, Billig AM, Medarova Z. Guidelines for Rational Cancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2017; 7:310. [PMID: 29312885 PMCID: PMC5732930 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, cancer therapy has relied on surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, these interventions have become increasingly replaced or complemented by more targeted approaches that are informed by a deeper understanding of the underlying biology. Still, the implementation of fully rational patient-specific drug design appears to be years away. Here, we present a vision of rational drug design for cancer that is defined by two major components: modularity and image guidance. We suggest that modularity can be achieved by combining a nanocarrier and an oligonucleotide component into the therapeutic. Image guidance can be incorporated into the nanocarrier component by labeling with a specific imaging reporter, such as a radionuclide or contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. While limited by the need for additional technological advancement in the areas of cancer biology, nanotechnology, and imaging, this vision for the future of cancer therapy can be used as a guide to future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Yoo
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann-Marie Billig
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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