1
|
Huang Z, Huang L, Ding J, Huang Y, Huang X, Li T. ILK inhibition reduces osteophyte formation through suppression of osteogenesis in BMSCs via Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:421. [PMID: 38483756 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteophyte development is a common characteristic of inflammatory skeletal diseases. Elevated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) participates in pathological osteogenesis. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) positively regulates the osteoblastic differentiation of osteoprogenitors, but whether the ILK blockage prevents osteophytes and its potential mechanism is still unknown. Furthermore, the low-dose tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promotes osteogenic differentiation, but a lack of study reports on the relationship between this cytokine and ILK. OSU-T315 is a small ILK inhibitor, which was used to determine the effect of ILK inhibition on osteogenesis and osteophyte formation. METHODS AND RESULTS The osteogenesis of BMSCs was evaluated using Alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I alpha 2 chain, and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein. The expression and phosphorylation of protein were assessed through western blot. Immunofluorescence was employed to display the distribution of β-catenin. microCT, hematoxylin-eosin, and safranin O/fast green staining were utilized to observe the osteophyte formation in collagen antibody-induced arthritis mice. We found that ILK blockage significantly declined calcium deposition and osteoblastic markers in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it lowered osteogenesis in the TNF-α-induced inflammatory microenvironment by diminishing the effect of ILK and inactivating the Akt/ GSK-3β/ β-catenin pathway. Nuclear β-catenin was descended by OSU-T315 as well. Finally, the ILK suppression restrained osteophyte formation but not inflammation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS ILK inhibition lowered osteogenesis in TNF-α-related inflammatory conditions by deactivating the Akt/ GSK-3β/ β-catenin pathway. This may be a potential strategy to alleviate osteophyte development in addition to anti-inflammatory treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiali Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yukai Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Xuechan Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Tianwang Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingangzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhaoqing Central People's Hospital, Zhaoqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wise PM, Saiz AM, Haller J, Wenke JC, Schaer T, Schneider P, Morshed S, Bahney CS. Preclinical models of orthopaedic trauma: Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) and Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) symposium 2022. OTA Int 2024; 7:e303. [PMID: 38487400 PMCID: PMC10936151 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Orthopaedic trauma remains a leading cause of patient morbidity, mortality, and global health care burden. Although significant advances have been made in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of these injuries, complications such as malunion, nonunion, infection, disuse muscle atrophy and osteopenia, and incomplete return to baseline function still occur. The significant inherent clinical variability in fracture care such as differing patient demographics, injury patterns, and treatment protocols make standardized and replicable study, especially of cellular and molecular based mechanisms, nearly impossible. Hence, the scientists dedicated to improving therapy and treatments for patients with orthopaedic trauma rely on preclinical models. Preclinical models have proven to be invaluable in understanding the timing between implant insertion and bacterial inoculation on the bioburden of infection. Posttraumatic arthritis (PTOA) can take years to develop clinically, but with a porcine pilon fracture model, posttraumatic arthritis can be reliably induced, so different surgical and therapeutic strategies can be tested in prevention. Conversely, the racehorse presents a well-accepted model of naturally occurring PTOA. With preclinical polytrauma models focusing on chest injury, abdominal injury, multiple fractures, and/or head injury, one can study how various injury patterns affect fracture healing can be systemically studied. Finally, these preclinical models serve as a translational bridge to for clinical application in human patients. With selection of the right preclinical model, studies can build a platform to decrease the risk of emerging technologies and provide foundational support for therapeutic clinical trials. In summary, orthopaedic trauma preclinical models allow scientists to simplify a complex clinical challenge, to understand the basic pathways starting with lower vertebrate models. Then, R&D efforts progress to higher vertebrate models to build in more complexity for translation of findings to the clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Wise
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Augustine M. Saiz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Justin Haller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Joseph C. Wenke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
- Shriners Children's Texas, Galveston, TX
| | - Thomas Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA
| | - Prism Schneider
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Saam Morshed
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | - Chelsea S. Bahney
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, The Steadman Clinic & Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Donnenfield JI, Fleming BC, Proffen BL, Podury A, Murray MM. Microscopic and transcriptomic changes in porcine synovium one year following disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1554-1566. [PMID: 37742942 PMCID: PMC10841386 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no disease-modifying treatment for posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). This may be partly due to an incomplete understanding of synovitis, which has been causally linked to PTOA progression. The microscopic and transcriptomic changes in synovium seen in early- to mid-stage PTOA were evaluated to better characterize this knowledge gap. METHODS Seventy-two Yucatan minipigs underwent transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Subjects were randomized to no further intervention, ligament reconstruction, or ligament repair, followed by microscopic synovium evaluation and RNA-sequencing at 1, 4, and 52 weeks. Six additional subjects received no ligament transection and served as 1- and 4-week controls and 12 contralateral knees served as 52-week controls. RESULTS Synovial lining thickness, stromal cellularity, and overall microscopic synovitis reached their highest levels in the first few weeks following injury. Inflammatory infiltration continued to increase over the course of a year. Leaving the ACL transected, reconstructing the ligament, or repairing the ligament did not modulate synovitis development at 1, 4, or 52 weeks. Differential gene expression analysis of PTOA-affected synovium compared to control synovium revealed increased cell proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen breakdown, and diminished lipid metabolism at 1 and 4 weeks, and increased axonogenesis and focal adhesion with reduced immune activation at 52 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Synovitis was present one year after ACL injury and was not alleviated by surgical intervention. Gene expression in early synovitis was characterized by cell proliferation, angiogenesis, proteolysis, and reduced lipolysis, which was followed by nerve growth and cellular adhesion with less immune activation at 52 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah I Donnenfield
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Braden C Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Benedikt L Proffen
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Archana Podury
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Martha M Murray
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Induced Models of Osteoarthritis in Animal Models: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020283. [PMID: 36829562 PMCID: PMC9953428 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The most common induction methods for OA are mechanical, surgical and chemical. However, there is not a gold standard in the choice of OA animal models, as different animals and induction methods are helpful in different contexts. Reporting the latest evidence and results in the literature could help researchers worldwide to define the most appropriate indication for OA animal-model development. This review aims to better define the most appropriate animal model for various OA conditions. The research was conducted on the following literature databases: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Studies reporting cases of OA in animal models and their induction from January 2010 to July 2021 were included in the study and reviewed by two authors. The literature search retrieved 1621 articles, of which 36 met the selection criteria and were included in this review. The selected studies included 1472 animals. Of all the studies selected, 8 included information about the chemical induction of OA, 19 were focused on mechanical induction, and 9 on surgical induction. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that several induction models, mechanical, surgical and chemical, have been proven suitable for the induction of OA in animals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dagneaux L, Limberg AK, Owen AR, Bettencourt JW, Dudakovic A, Bayram B, Gades NM, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Berry DJ, van Wijnen A, Morrey ME, Abdel MP. Knee immobilization reproduces key arthrofibrotic phenotypes in mice. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:58-71. [PMID: 36647696 PMCID: PMC9872038 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.121.bjr-2022-0250.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS As has been shown in larger animal models, knee immobilization can lead to arthrofibrotic phenotypes. Our study included 168 C57BL/6J female mice, with 24 serving as controls, and 144 undergoing a knee procedure to induce a contracture without osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Experimental knees were immobilized for either four weeks (72 mice) or eight weeks (72 mice), followed by a remobilization period of zero weeks (24 mice), two weeks (24 mice), or four weeks (24 mice) after suture removal. Half of the experimental knees also received an intra-articular injury. Biomechanical data were collected to measure passive extension angle (PEA). Histological data measuring area and thickness of posterior and anterior knee capsules were collected from knee sections. RESULTS Experimental knees immobilized for four weeks demonstrated mean PEAs of 141°, 72°, and 79° after zero, two, and four weeks of remobilization (n = 6 per group), respectively. Experimental knees demonstrated reduced PEAs after two weeks (p < 0.001) and four weeks (p < 0.0001) of remobilization compared to controls. Following eight weeks of immobilization, experimental knees exhibited mean PEAs of 82°, 73°, and 72° after zero, two, and four weeks of remobilization, respectively. Histological analysis demonstrated no cartilage degeneration. Similar trends in biomechanical and histological properties were observed when intra-articular violation was introduced. CONCLUSION This study established a novel mouse model of robust knee contracture without evidence of OA. This was appreciated consistently after eight weeks of immobilization and was irrespective of length of remobilization. As such, this arthrofibrotic model provides opportunities to investigate molecular pathways and therapeutic strategies.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(1):58-71.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dagneaux
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Afton K. Limberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron R. Owen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naomi M. Gades
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andre van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mark E. Morrey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, Matthew P. Abdel. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dilley JE, Bello MA, Roman N, McKinley T, Sankar U. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis: A review of pathogenic mechanisms and novel targets for mitigation. Bone Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
|
7
|
Christiansen BA, Chan DD, van der Meulen MCH, Maerz T. Small-Animal Compression Models of Osteoarthritis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:345-356. [PMID: 36355304 PMCID: PMC10521326 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The utility of nonsurgical, mechanical compression-based joint injury models to study osteoarthritis pathogenesis and treatments is increasing. Joint injury may be induced via cyclic compression loading or acute overloading to induce anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Models utilizing mechanical testing systems are highly repeatable, require little expertise, and result in a predictable onset of osteoarthritis-like pathology on a rapidly progressing timeline. In this chapter, we describe the procedures and equipment needed to perform mechanical compression-induced initiation of osteoarthritis in mice and rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaine A Christiansen
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Deva D Chan
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marjolein C H van der Meulen
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- University of Michigan, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aimaijiang M, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Qin Q, Liu M, Abulikemu P, Liu L, Zhou Y. LIPUS as a potential strategy for periodontitis treatment: A review of the mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1018012. [PMID: 36911184 PMCID: PMC9992218 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1018012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition triggered by oral bacteria. A sustained inflammatory state in periodontitis could eventually destroy the alveolar bone. The key objective of periodontal therapy is to terminate the inflammatory process and reconstruct the periodontal tissues. The traditional Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure has unstable results due to multiple factors such as the inflammatory environment, the immune response caused by the implant, and the operator's technique. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), as acoustic energy, transmits the mechanical signals to the target tissue to provide non-invasive physical stimulation. LIPUS has positive effects in promoting bone regeneration, soft-tissue regeneration, inflammation inhibition, and neuromodulation. LIPUS can maintain and regenerate alveolar bone during an inflammatory state by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors. LIPUS also affects the cellular behavior of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thereby protecting the regenerative potential of bone tissue in an inflammatory state. However, the underlying mechanisms of the LIPUS therapy are still yet to be summarized. The goal of this review is to outline the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of periodontitis-related LIPUS therapy, as well as to explain how LIPUS manages to transmit mechanical stimulation into the signaling pathway to achieve inflammatory control and periodontal bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maierhaba Aimaijiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuyue Qin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manxuan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Palizi Abulikemu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gui T, Wei Y, Luo L, Li J, Zhong L, Yao L, Beier F, Nelson CL, Tsourkas A, Liu XS, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Yu F, Cheng Z, Qin L. Activating EGFR Signaling Attenuates Osteoarthritis Development Following Loading Injury in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2498-2511. [PMID: 36178273 PMCID: PMC10183199 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) results in joint pain, loss of joint function, and impaired quality of daily life in patients with limited treatment options. We previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is essential for maintaining chondroprogenitors during articular cartilage development and homeostasis. Here, we used a nonsurgical, loading-induced PTOA mouse model to investigate the protective action of EGFR signaling. A single bout of cyclic tibial loading at a peak force of 6 N injured cartilage at the posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle. Similar loading at a peak force of 9 N ruptured the anterior cruciate ligament, causing additional cartilage damage at the medial compartment and ectopic cartilage formation in meniscus and synovium. Constitutively overexpression of an EGFR ligand, heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), in chondrocytes significantly reduced cartilage injury length, synovitis, and pain after 6 N loading and mitigated medial side cartilage damage and ectopic cartilage formation after 9 N loading. Mechanistically, overactivation of EGFR signaling protected chondrocytes from loading-induced apoptosis and loss of proliferative ability and lubricant synthesis. Overexpressing HBEGF in adult cartilage starting right before 6 N loading had similar beneficial effects. In contrast, inactivating EGFR in adult cartilage led to accelerated PTOA progression with elevated cartilage Mankin score and synovitis score and increased ectopic cartilage formation. As a therapeutic approach, we constructed a nanoparticle conjugated with the EGFR ligand TGFα. Intra-articular injections of this nanoconstruct once every 3 weeks for 12 weeks partially mitigated PTOA symptoms in cartilage and synovium after 6 N loading. Our findings demonstrate the anabolic actions of EGFR signaling in maintaining articular cartilage during PTOA development and shed light on developing a novel nanomedicine for PTOA. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles L. Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - X. Sherry Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feifan Yu
- AlphaThera, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Development of a cyclic-inverso AHSG/Fetuin A-based peptide for inhibition of calcification in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 31:727-740. [PMID: 36414226 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic calcification is an important contributor to chronic diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Currently, no effective therapies exist to counteract calcification. We developed peptides derived from the calcium binding domain of human Alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein (AHSG/Fetuin A) to counteract calcification. METHODS A library of seven 30 amino acid (AA) long peptides, spanning the 118 AA Cystatin 1 domain of AHSG, were synthesized and evaluated in an in vitro calcium phosphate precipitation assay. The best performing peptide was modified (cyclic, retro-inverso and combinations thereof) and evaluated in cellular calcification models and the rat Medial Collateral Ligament Transection + Medial Meniscal Tear (MCLT + MMT) osteoarthritis model. RESULTS A cyclic peptide spanning AA 1-30 of mature AHSG showed clear inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation in the nM-pM range that far exceeded the biological activity of the linear peptide variant or bovine Fetuin. Biochemical and electron microscopy analyses of calcium phosphate particles revealed a similar, but distinct, mode of action in comparison with bFetuin. A cyclic-inverso variant of the AHSG 1-30 peptide inhibited calcification of human articular chondrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and during osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived stromal cells. Lastly, we evaluated the effect of intra-articular injection of the cyclic-inverso AHSG 1-30 peptide in a rat osteoarthritis model. A significant improvement was found in histopathological osteoarthritis score and animal mobility. Serum levels of IFNγ were found to be lower in AHSG 1-30 peptide treated animals. CONCLUSIONS The cyclic-inverso AHSG 1-30 peptide directly inhibits the calcification process and holds the potential for future application in osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Characterization of Non-Invasively Induced Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091783. [PMID: 36139857 PMCID: PMC9495497 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of post-traumatic arthritis (PTOA) is not fully understood. This study used non-invasive repetitive mechanical loading (ML) mouse models to study biochemical, biomechanical, and pain-related behavioral changes induced in mice. Mouse models reflected the effects of the early stages of PTOA in humans. For the PTOA model, cyclic comprehensive loading (9N) was applied to each mouse’s left knee joint. ML-induced biochemical and molecular changes were analyzed after loading completion. Cartilage samples were examined using gene expression analysis. Tissue sections were used in subsequent OA severity scoring. Biomechanical features and pain-related behavior were studied after 24 h and three weeks post-ML sessions to examine the development of PTOA. The loaded left knee joint showed a greater ROS/RNS signal than the right knee, which was not loaded. There was a significant increase in cartilage damage and MMP activity in the mechanically loaded joints relative to non-loaded control knee joints. Similarly, we found a difference in the viscoelastic tangent, which highlights significant changes in mechanical properties. Biochemical analyses revealed significant increases in total NO, caspase-3 activity, H2O2, and PGE2 levels. Gene expression analysis highlighted increased catabolism (MMP-13, IL-1β, TNF-α) with a concomitant decrease in anabolism (ACAN, COL2A1). Histopathology scores clearly indicated increases in OA progression and synovitis. The gait pattern was significantly altered, suggesting signs of joint damage. This study showed that biomechanical, biochemical, and behavioral characteristics of the murine PTOA groups are significantly different from the control group. These results confirm that the current mouse model can be considered for translational PTOA studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kotelsky A, Elahi A, Nejat Yigit C, Proctor A, Mannava S, Pröschel C, Lee W. Effect of knee joint loading on chondrocyte mechano-vulnerability and severity of post-traumatic osteoarthritis induced by ACL-injury in mice. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100227. [PMID: 36474470 PMCID: PMC9718206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to understand the role of altered in vivo mechanical environments in knee joints post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injury in chondrocyte vulnerability against mechanical stimuli and in the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PT-OA). Methods Differential in vivo mechanical environments were induced by unilateral ACL-injury (uni-ACL-I) and bilateral ACL-injury (bi-ACL-I) in 8-week-old female C57BL/6 mice. The gait parameters, the mechano-vulnerability of in situ chondrocytes, Young's moduli of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), and the histological assessment of OA severity (OARSI score) were compared between control and experimental groups at 0∼8-weeks post-ACL-injury. Results We found that bi-ACL-I mice experience higher joint-loading on their both injured limbs, but uni-ACL-I mice balance their joint-loading between injured and uninjured hind limbs resulting in a reduced joint-loading during gait. We also found that at 4- and 8-week post-injury the higher weight-bearing hind limbs (i.e., bi-ACL-I) had the increased area of chondrocyte death induced by impact loading and higher OARSI score than the lower weight-bearing limbs (uni-ACL-I). Additionally, we found that at 8-weeks post-injury the ECM became stiffer in bi-ACL-I joints and softer in uni-ACL-I joints. Conclusions Our results show that ACL-injured limbs with lower in vivo joint-loading develops PT-OA significantly slower than injured limbs with higher joint-loading during gait. Our data also indicate that articular chondrocytes in severe PT-OA are more fragile from mechanical impacts than chondrocytes in healthy or mild PT-OA. Thus, preserving physiologic joint-loads on injured joints will reduce chondrocyte death post-injury and may delay PT-OA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kotelsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anissa Elahi
- Department for Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Can Nejat Yigit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Proctor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep Mannava
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Pröschel
- Department for Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Whasil Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
New imaging tools for mouse models of osteoarthritis. GeroScience 2022; 44:639-650. [PMID: 35129777 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by a disruption of articular joint cartilage homeostasis. Mice are the most commonly used models to study OA. Despite recent reviews, there is still a lack of knowledge about the new development in imaging techniques. Two types of modalities are complementary: those that assess structural changes in joint tissues and those that assess metabolism and disease activity. Micro MRI is the most important imaging tool for OA research. Automated methodologies for assessing periarticular bone morphology with micro-CT have been developed allowing quantitative assessment of tibial surface that may be representative of the whole OA joint changes. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging provides in a single examination a high image precision with good differentiation between all anatomical elements of the knee joint (soft tissue and bone). Positron emission tomography, photoacoustic imaging, and fluorescence reflectance imaging provide molecular and functional data. To conclude, innovative imaging technologies could be an alternative to conventional histology with greater resolution and more efficiency in both morphological analysis and metabolism follow-up. There is a logic of permanent adjustment between innovations, 3R rule, and scientific perspectives. New imaging associated with artificial intelligence may add to human clinical practice allowing not only diagnosis but also prediction of disease progression to personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan M, Duan X, Cai L, Zhang W, Silva MJ, Brophy RH, Rai MF. KIF26B Silencing Prevents Osseous Transdifferentiation of Progenitor/Stem Cells and Attenuates Ectopic Calcification in a Murine Model. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:349-368. [PMID: 34787331 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification is an osteogenic process that leads to the formation of inappropriate bone within intra-articular soft tissues, often in response to injury or surgery. The molecular mechanisms governing this phenotype have yet to be determined. Using a population genetics approach, we identified an association of the kinesin superfamily member 26b (Kif26b) with injury-induced ectopic calcification through quantitative trait locus analysis of recombinant inbred mouse strains, consistent with a genomewide association study that identified KIF26B as a severity locus for ectopic calcification in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Despite these associations of KIF26B with ectopic calcification, its mechanistic role and functional implications have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to decipher the functional role of KIF26B in osseous and chondrogenic transdifferentiation of human and murine progenitor/stem cells and in a murine model of non-invasive injury-induced intra-articular ectopic calcification. We found that KIF26B ablation via lentivirus-mediated shRNA significantly arrested osteogenesis of progenitor/stem cells and suppressed the expression of typical osteogenic marker genes. Conversely, KIF26B loss-of-function increased chondrogenesis as demonstrated by enhanced Safranin-O staining and by the elevated expression of chondrogenic marker genes. Furthermore, cell function analysis revealed that KIF26B knockdown significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation and induced cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, loss of osteogenesis was reverted by the addition of a Wnt agonist, SKL2001, demonstrating a role of KIF26B in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, intra-articular delivery of Kif26b shRNA in B6-129SF2/J mice significantly hampered the development of intra-articular ectopic calcification at 8 weeks after injury compared with mice treated with non-target scrambled shRNA. In summary, these observations highlight that KIF26B plays a crucial role in ectopic bone formation by repressing osteogenesis, but not chondrogenesis, potentially via modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings establish KIF26B as a critical determinant of the osteogenic process in pathologic endochondral bone formation and an actionable target for pharmacotherapy to mitigate ectopic calcification (and heterotopic ossification). © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in Rabbits Following Traumatic Injury and Surgical Reconstruction of the Knee. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:169-182. [PMID: 35028785 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee is often attributed to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus injury. The development of PTOA, however, does not seem to depend on whether or not the damaged ACL is reconstructed. There has been a need to develop animal models to study the mechanisms of PTOA following reconstruction of a traumatized knee. Eighteen rabbits underwent closed-joint trauma to produce ACL rupture and meniscus damage. Then, for the first time, the traumatized knee was surgically repaired in this animal model. Upon euthanasia at 1-, 3- or 6-month post-trauma, joint stability, cartilage morphology and mechanical properties, as well as histology of the cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated. Trauma-induced knee injury involved 72% mid-substance ACL rupture, 28% partial ACL tear and 56% concurrent medial meniscal damage. ACL reconstruction effectively restored joint stability by reducing joint laxity to a level similar to that in the contralateral intact knee. Compared to their contralateral controls, reconstructed limbs showed osteoarthritic changes to the cartilage and subchondral bone as early as 1-month post-trauma. The degeneration progressed over time up to 6-month. Overall, the medial compartments had more tissue damage than their corresponding lateral counterparts. Damage patterns to the ACL, the frequency of observed concurrent meniscal injury, and reductions in cartilage integrity and health were consistent with clinical observations of human patients who undergo ACL injury and reconstruction. Thus, we believe the combined closed-joint injury and surgical repair lapine model of PTOA, being first-ever and clinically relevant, shows promise to evaluate well-targeted therapeutics and other interventions for this chronic disease.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang L, Wen YL, He CY, Zeng Y, Wang JQ, Wang GY. Relationship between Classification of Fabellae and the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Relevant Study in the Chinese Population. Orthop Surg 2021; 14:274-279. [PMID: 34913250 PMCID: PMC8867427 DOI: 10.1111/os.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To classify the fabellae and discuss the relationship between the classification of fabellae and the severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in Chinese. Methods From February 2019 to February 2020, 136 patients were measured and classified using three‐dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstruction. According to the CT imaging characteristics, the fabellae were divided into five types: type I, a fabella on the lateral femoral condyle; type II, a fabella on the medial femoral condyle; type III, a fabella on the lateral femoral condyle and a fabella on the medial femoral condyle; type IV, two fabellae on the medial femoral condyle; and type V, two fabellae on the lateral femoral condyle. The severity of KOA was assessed on the Recht grade by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0. Results The classification of fabellae were correlated with KOA grades (χ2 = 35.026, P < 0.05). In terms of KOA grades, grade I and grade II were occupied most by fabellar type II (32, 72.8%); type II and other types showed significant statistical difference (P < 0.05). Grade I and grade II were also mainly fabellar type IV (four, 100%). Fabellar type V's biggest component was grade III and grade IV (six, 75%). Type IV and type V showed significant statistical difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion The classification of fabellae were correlated with KOA grades. The type II may mean the lower KOA grades while type V may mean the higher KOA grades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Center for Orthopaedic Diseases Research, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Expert Workstation in Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Clinical Base of Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Guangdong Province Medical 3D Printing Application Transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Luzhou, China
| | - You-Liang Wen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine GanNan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ying He
- School of Clinical Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun-Qiu Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guo-You Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Center for Orthopaedic Diseases Research, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Expert Workstation in Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Catheline SE, Bell RD, Oluoch LS, James MN, Escalera-Rivera K, Maynard RD, Chang ME, Dean C, Botto E, Ketz JP, Boyce BF, Zuscik MJ, Jonason JH. IKKβ-NF-κB signaling in adult chondrocytes promotes the onset of age-related osteoarthritis in mice. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabf3535. [PMID: 34546791 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Catheline
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Bell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Luke S Oluoch
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Nick James
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Escalera-Rivera
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Maynard
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martin E Chang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Dean
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Botto
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John P Ketz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Zuscik
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer H Jonason
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Costa MQ, Murray MM, Sieker JT, Karamchedu NP, Proffen BL, Fleming BC. Peripheral shift in the viable chondrocyte population of the medial femoral condyle after anterior cruciate ligament injury in the porcine knee. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256765. [PMID: 34437631 PMCID: PMC8389427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries result in posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee, even after surgical treatment. How the chondrocyte distribution within the articular cartilage changes early in this process is currently unknown. The study objective was to investigate the chondrocyte distribution within the medial femoral condyle after an anterior cruciate ligament transection in a preclinical model. Forty-two adolescent Yucatan minipigs were allocated to receive unilateral anterior cruciate ligament surgery (n = 36) or no surgery (n = 6). Central coronal sections of the medial femoral condyle were obtained at 1- and 4 weeks after surgery, and the chondrocyte distribution was measured via whole slide imaging and a cell counting batch processing tool utilized in ImageJ. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was performed to identify proliferating cells. Empty lacunae, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis were used to identify areas of irreversible cell injury. The mean area of irreversible cell injury was 0% in the intact controls, 13.4% (95% confidence interval: 6.4, 20.3) at 1-week post-injury and 19.3% (9.7, 28.9) at 4 weeks post-injury (p < .015). These areas occurred closest to the femoral intra-articular notch. The remaining areas containing viable chondrocytes had Ki-67-positive cells (p < .02) and increased cell density in the middle (p < .03) and deep zones (p = .001). For the entire section, the total chondrocyte number did not change significantly post-operatively; however, the density of cells in the peripheral regions of the medial femoral condyle increased significantly at 1- and 4 weeks post-injury relative to the intact control groups (p = .032 and .004, respectively). These data demonstrate a peripheral shift in the viable chondrocyte population of the medial femoral condyle after anterior cruciate ligament injury and further suggest that chondrocytes with the capacity to proliferate are not confined to one particular cartilage layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meggin Q. Costa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Martha M. Murray
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jakob T. Sieker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Naga Padmini Karamchedu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Benedikt L. Proffen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Attur M, Duan X, Cai L, Han T, Zhang W, Tycksen ED, Samuels J, Brophy RH, Abramson SB, Rai MF. Periostin loss-of-function protects mice from post-traumatic and age-related osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:104. [PMID: 33832532 PMCID: PMC8028178 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of periostin (Postn) in the cartilage and bone are associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unknown whether Postn loss-of-function can delay or prevent the development of OA. In this study, we sought to better understand the role of Postn in OA development and assessed the functional impact of Postn deficiency on post-traumatic and age-related OA in mice. Methods The effects of Postn deficiency were studied in two murine experimental OA models using Postn−/− (n = 32) and littermate wild-type (wt) mice (n = 36). Post-traumatic OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in 10-week-old mice (n = 20); age-related OA was analyzed in 24-month-old mice (n = 13). Cartilage degeneration was assessed histologically using the OARSI scoring system, and synovitis was evaluated by measuring the synovial lining cell layer and the cells density in the synovial stroma. Bone changes were measured by μCT analysis. Serum levels of Postn were determined by ELISA. Expression of Postn and collagenase-3 (MMP-13) was measured by immunostaining. RNA-seq was performed on chondrocytes isolated from 21-day old Postn−/− (n = 3) and wt mice (n = 3) to discover genes and pathways altered by Postn knockout. Results Postn−/− mice exhibited significantly reduced cartilage degeneration and OARSI score relative to wt mice in post-traumatic OA after 8 weeks (maximum: 2.37 ± 0.74 vs. 4.00 ± 1.20, P = 0.011; summed: 9.31 ± 2.52 vs. 21.44 ± 6.01, P = 0.0002) and spontaneous OA (maximum: 1.93 ± 0.45 vs. 3.58 ± 1.16, P = 0.014; summed: 6.14 ± 1.57 vs. 11.50 ± 3.02, P = 0.003). Synovitis was significantly lower in Postn−/− mice than wt only in the DMM model (1.88 ± 1.01 vs. 3.17 ± 0.63; P = 0.039). Postn−/− mice also showed lower trabecular bone parameters such as BV/TV, vBMD, Tb.Th, and Tb.N and high Tb. Sp in both models. Postn−/− mice had negligible levels of serum Postn compared with wt. Immunofluorescent studies of cartilage indicated that Postn−/− mice expressed lower MMP-13 levels than wt mice. RNA-seq revealed that cell-cell-adhesion and cell-differentiation processes were enriched in Postn−/− mice, while those related to cell-cycle and DNA-repair were enriched in wt mice. Conclusions Postn deficiency protects against DMM-induced post-traumatic and age-related spontaneous OA. RNA-seq findings warrant further investigations to better understand the mechanistic role of Postn and its potential as a therapeutic target in OA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02477-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukundan Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital MS 8233, 425 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital MS 8233, 425 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tianzhen Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Present address: Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital MS 8233, 425 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric D Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, McDonell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Samuels
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital MS 8233, 425 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven B Abramson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital MS 8233, 425 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Armstrong AR, Carlson CS, Rendahl AK, Loeser RF. Optimization of histologic grading schemes in spontaneous and surgically-induced murine models of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:536-546. [PMID: 33561541 PMCID: PMC8038967 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Articular Cartilage Structure (ACS) grading schemes applied to multiple and single sections, along with additional histologic measures, in two mouse models of Osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Six coronal histologic stifle joint sections were collected from 40 C57BL/6J mice, including aged mice with spontaneous OA (approximately 18 months of age; n = 15) and young (12-week-old) mice that either underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery (n = 15) or sham surgery (n = 10). Sections were evaluated with the standard OARSI (0-6) scheme, a modified OARSI scheme, the ACS (0-12) scheme, histomorphometry of cartilage and bone, and scoring of osteophytes (0-3) and synovial hyperplasia (0-3). Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to determine the features explaining the greatest variability among the sections. RESULTS The grading schemes performed similarly when applied to a single mid-coronal section or six total coronal sections per joint. OARSI grading produced similar results when applied to hematoxylin and eosin or toluidine blue-stained sections. Aged mice had higher severity scores in the LTP than DMM mice (mid-coronal OARSI grade aged = 2.3 and DMM = 1.1, p = 0.0006; ACS grade aged = 4.1 and DMM = 1.6, p = 0.0024). PCA resulted in retention of four factors that accounted for 78.4% of the total variance. Factor 1 (36.4%) included the OARSI grade, ACS grade, Toluidine blue grade, articular cartilage area and thickness and the osteophyte grade. CONCLUSIONS Grading of a single mid-coronal section using either the OARSI or ACS schemes combined with osteophyte and histomorphometric measures can consistently define OA severity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Armstrong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
| | - C S Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
| | - A K Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
| | - R F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berke IM, Jain E, Yavuz B, McGrath T, Chen L, Silva MJ, Mbalaviele G, Guilak F, Kaplan DL, Setton LA. NF-κB-mediated effects on behavior and cartilage pathology in a non-invasive loading model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:248-256. [PMID: 33246158 PMCID: PMC8023431 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the temporal activation of NF-κB and its relationship to the development of pain-related sensitivity and behavioral changes in a non-invasive murine knee loading model of PTOA. METHOD Following knee injury NF-κB activity was assessed longitudinally via in vivo imaging in FVB. Cg-Tg (HIV-EGFP,luc)8Tsb/J mice. Measures of pain-related sensitivity and behavior were also assessed longitudinally for 16 weeks. Additionally, we antagonized NF-κB signaling via intra-articular delivery of an IκB kinase two antagonist to understand how local NF-κB inhibition might alter disease progression. RESULTS Following joint injury NF-κB signaling within the knee joint was transiently increased and peaked on day 3 with an estimated 1.35 p/s/cm2/sr (95% CI 0.913.1.792 p/s/cm2/sr) fold increase in signaling when compared to control joints. Furthermore, injury resulted in the long-term development of hindpaw allodynia. Hyperalgesia withdrawal thresholds were reduced at injured knee joints, with the largest reduction occurring 2 days following injury (estimate of between group difference 129.1 g with 95% CI 60.9,197.4 g), static weight bearing on injured limbs was also reduced. Local delivery of an NF-κB inhibitor following joint injury reduced chondrocyte death and influenced the development of pain-related sensitivity but did not reduce long-term cartilage degeneration. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the development of behavioral changes in this non-invasive loading model of PTOA and their relationships to NF-κB activation and pathology. They also highlight the potential chondroprotective effects of NF-κB inhibition shortly following joint injury despite limitations in preventing the long-term development of joint degeneration in this model of PTOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Berke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - E Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - B Yavuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - T McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - L Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M J Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - G Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - F Guilak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - D L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - L A Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu M, Wang L, Wu S, Dong Y, Chen X, Wang S, Li X, Zou C. Review on experimental study and clinical application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in inflammation. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:443-462. [PMID: 33392043 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), as physical therapy, is widely used in both research and clinical settings. It induces multiple bioeffects, such as alleviating pain, promoting tissue repair, and shortening disease duration. LIPUS can also mediate inflammation. This paper reviews the application of LIPUS in inflammation and discusses the underlying mechanism. In basic experiments, LIPUS can regulate inflammatory responses at the cellular level by affecting some signaling pathways. In a clinical trial, LIPUS has been shown to alleviate inflammatory responses efficiently. As a cheap, safe, and convenient physical method, LIPUS is promising as anti-inflammatory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Senmin Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rai MF. Nip it in the bud: potential for the early treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:6-7. [PMID: 33075482 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M F Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ke H, Mou X, Xia Q. Remifentanil repairs cartilage damage and reduces the degradation of cartilage matrix in post-traumatic osteoarthritis, and inhibits IL-1β-induced apoptosis of articular chondrocytes via inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB phosphorylation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1487. [PMID: 33313232 PMCID: PMC7729373 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Remifentanil (RFT) is an opioid analgesic with a unique pharmacokinetic profile, and plays an important role in the intra- and post-operative periods. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTO) is a particular type of osteoarthritis (OA) that occurs secondary to a traumatic injury. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RFT both in vivo and in vitro. Methods In vivo, 50 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into five groups. Four groups of rats received RFT (0.2, 0.5, and 1 µg) or vehicle (PTO group), while the remaining group served as the control. A PTO model in rats was established using the Hulth method. The cartilage damage, articular cartilage formation, and the degradation of cartilage matrix were evaluated. The effects of RFT on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB phosphorylation were also examined. Results The results indicated that RFT improved cartilage damage, enhanced articular cartilage formation, and inhibited the degradation of cartilage matrix in PTO model rats. Compared with the control group, the protein levels of Osterix (OSX), Collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), and osteocalcin (OC) were down-regulated in PTO model rats. RFT also inhibited the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/NF-κB pathway was inhibited both in vitro and in vitro. Conclusions RFT has significant potential as a therapeutic intervention to ameliorate PTO and provides a foundation for further clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaping Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Jianyang, Jianyang, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, No. 1 People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rai MF, Cheverud JM, Schmidt EJ, Sandell LJ. Genetic correlations between cartilage regeneration and degeneration reveal an inverse relationship. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1111-1120. [PMID: 32437968 PMCID: PMC7387169 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of osteoarthritis (OA) is unknown, however, there appears to be a significant contribution from genetics. We have identified recombinant inbred strains of mice derived from LG/J (large) and SM/J (small) strains that vary significantly in their ability to repair articular cartilage and susceptibility to post-traumatic OA due to their genetic composition. Here, we report cartilage repair phenotypes in the same strains of mice in which OA susceptibility was analyzed previously, and determine the genetic correlations between phenotypes. DESIGN We used 12 recombinant inbred strains, including the parental strains, to test three phenotypes: ear-wound healing (n = 263), knee articular cartilage repair (n = 131), and post-traumatic OA (n = 53) induced by the surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Genetic correlations between various traits were calculated as Pearson's correlation coefficients of strain means. RESULTS We found a significant positive correlation between ear-wound healing and articular cartilage regeneration (r = 0.71; P = 0.005). We observed a strong inverse correlation between articular cartilage regeneration and susceptibility to OA based on maximum (r = -0.54; P = 0.036) and summed Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores (r = -0.56; P = 0.028). Synovitis was not significantly correlated with articular cartilage regeneration but was significantly positively correlated with maximum (r = 0.63; P = 0.014) and summed (r = 0.70; P = 0.005) OARSI scores. Ectopic calcification was significantly positively correlated with articular cartilage regeneration (r = 0.59; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Using recombinant inbred strains, our study allows, for the first time, the measurement of genetic correlations of regeneration phenotypes with degeneration phenotypes, characteristic of OA (cartilage degeneration, synovitis). We demonstrate that OA is positively correlated with synovitis and inversely correlated with the ability to repair cartilage. These results suggest an addition to the risk paradigm for OA from a focus on degeneration to regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James M. Cheverud
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eric J. Schmidt
- School of Physician Assistant Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Linda J. Sandell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brown SB, Hornyak JA, Jungels RR, Shah YY, Yarmola EG, Allen KD, Sharma B. Characterization of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Rats Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture by Non-Invasive Knee Injury (NIKI). J Orthop Res 2020; 38:356-367. [PMID: 31520482 PMCID: PMC8596306 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small animal models are essential for studying anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, one of the leading risk factors for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Non-surgical models of ACL rupture have recently surged as a new tool to study PTOA, as they circumvent the confounding effects of surgical disruption of the joint. These models primarily have been explored in mice and rabbits, but are relatively understudied in rats. The purpose of this work was to establish a non-invasive, mechanical overload model of ACL rupture in the rat and to study the disease pathogenesis following the injury. ACL rupture was induced via non-invasive tibial compression in Lewis rats. Disease state was characterized for 4 months after ACL rupture via histology, computed tomography, and biomarker capture from the synovial fluid. The non-invasive knee injury (NIKI) model created consistent ACL ruptures without direct damage to other tissues and resulted in conventional OA pathology. NIKI knees exhibited structural changes as early as 4 weeks post-injury, including regional structural changes to cartilage, chondrocyte and cartilage disorganization, changes to the bone architecture, synovial hyperplasia, and the increased presence of biomarkers of cartilage fragmentation and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that this model can be a valuable tool to study PTOA. By establishing the fundamental pathogenesis of this injury, additional opportunities are created to evaluate unique contributing factors and potential therapeutic interventions for this disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:356-367, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B. Brown
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Jessica A. Hornyak
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Ryan R. Jungels
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Yash Y. Shah
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Elena G. Yarmola
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Kyle D. Allen
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Blanka Sharma
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mazur CM, Woo JJ, Yee CS, Fields AJ, Acevedo C, Bailey KN, Kaya S, Fowler TW, Lotz JC, Dang A, Kuo AC, Vail TP, Alliston T. Osteocyte dysfunction promotes osteoarthritis through MMP13-dependent suppression of subchondral bone homeostasis. Bone Res 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 31700695 PMCID: PMC6828661 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), long considered a primary disorder of articular cartilage, is commonly associated with subchondral bone sclerosis. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for changes to subchondral bone in OA, and the extent to which these changes are drivers of or a secondary reaction to cartilage degeneration, remain unclear. In knee joints from human patients with end-stage OA, we found evidence of profound defects in osteocyte function. Suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) was most severe in the medial compartment of OA subchondral bone, with lower protease expression, diminished canalicular networks, and disorganized and hypermineralized extracellular matrix. As a step toward evaluating the causality of PLR suppression in OA, we ablated the PLR enzyme MMP13 in osteocytes while leaving chondrocytic MMP13 intact, using Cre recombinase driven by the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter. Not only did osteocytic MMP13 deficiency suppress PLR in cortical and subchondral bone, but it also compromised cartilage. Even in the absence of injury, osteocytic MMP13 deficiency was sufficient to reduce cartilage proteoglycan content, change chondrocyte production of collagen II, aggrecan, and MMP13, and increase the incidence of cartilage lesions, consistent with early OA. Thus, in humans and mice, defects in PLR coincide with cartilage defects. Osteocyte-derived MMP13 emerges as a critical regulator of cartilage homeostasis, likely via its effects on PLR. Together, these findings implicate osteocytes in bone-cartilage crosstalk in the joint and suggest a causal role for suppressed perilacunar/canalicular remodeling in osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jonathon J. Woo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Cristal S. Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Aaron J. Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Karsyn N. Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Tristan W. Fowler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Alexis Dang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Alfred C. Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Thomas P. Vail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen C, Zhu Z, Hu N, Liang X, Huang W. Leonurine Hydrochloride Suppresses Inflammatory Responses and Ameliorates Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2019; 43:146-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
29
|
Mokuda S, Nakamichi R, Matsuzaki T, Ito Y, Sato T, Miyata K, Inui M, Olmer M, Sugiyama E, Lotz M, Asahara H. Wwp2 maintains cartilage homeostasis through regulation of Adamts5. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2429. [PMID: 31160553 PMCID: PMC6546747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The WW domain-containing protein 2 (Wwp2) gene, the host gene of miR-140, codes for the Wwp2 protein, which is an HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases abundantly expressed in articular cartilage. However, its function remains unclear. Here, we show that mice lacking Wwp2 and mice in which the Wwp2 E3 enzyme is inactivated (Wwp2-C838A) exhibit aggravated spontaneous and surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA). Consistent with this phenotype, WWP2 expression level is downregulated in human OA cartilage. We also identify Runx2 as a Wwp2 substrate and Adamts5 as a target gene, as similar as miR-140. Analysis of Wwp2-C838A mice shows that loss of Wwp2 E3 ligase activity results in upregulation of Runx2-Adamts5 signaling in articular cartilage. Furthermore, in vitro transcribed Wwp2 mRNA injection into mouse joints reduces the severity of experimental OA. We propose that Wwp2 has a role in protecting cartilage from OA by suppressing Runx2-induced Adamts5 via Runx2 poly-ubiquitination and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Mokuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tokio Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Research Core, Research Facility Cluster, Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Importance of the Knee Joint Meniscal Fibrocartilages as Stabilizing Weight Bearing Structures Providing Global Protection to Human Knee-Joint Tissues. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040324. [PMID: 30959928 PMCID: PMC6523218 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review aspects of the pathobiology of the meniscus in health and disease and show how degeneration of the meniscus can contribute to deleterious changes in other knee joint components. The menisci, distinctive semilunar weight bearing fibrocartilages, provide knee joint stability, co-ordinating functional contributions from articular cartilage, ligaments/tendons, synovium, subchondral bone and infra-patellar fat pad during knee joint articulation. The meniscus contains metabolically active cell populations responsive to growth factors, chemokines and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, resulting in the synthesis of matrix metalloproteases and A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type 1 repeats (ADAMTS)-4 and 5 which can degrade structural glycoproteins and proteoglycans leading to function-limiting changes in meniscal and other knee joint tissues. Such degradative changes are hall-marks of osteoarthritis (OA). No drugs are currently approved that change the natural course of OA and translate to long-term, clinically relevant benefits. For any pharmaceutical therapeutic intervention in OA to be effective, disease modifying drugs will have to be developed which actively modulate the many different cell types present in the knee to provide a global therapeutic. Many individual and combinatorial approaches are being developed to treat or replace degenerate menisci using 3D printing, bioscaffolds and hydrogel delivery systems for therapeutic drugs, growth factors and replacement progenitor cell populations recognising the central role the menisci play in knee joint health.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chinzei N, Rai MF, Hashimoto S, Schmidt EJ, Takebe K, Cheverud JM, Sandell LJ. Evidence for Genetic Contribution to Variation in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:370-381. [PMID: 30225954 DOI: 10.1002/art.40730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant inbred mouse strains generated from an LG/J and SM/J intercross offer a unique resource to study complex genetic traits such as osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to determine the susceptibility of 14 strains to various phenotypes characteristic of posttraumatic OA. We hypothesized that phenotypic variability is associated with genetic variability. METHODS Ten-week-old male mice underwent surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to induce posttraumatic OA. Mice were killed 8 weeks after surgery, and knee joints were processed for histology to score cartilage degeneration and synovitis. Micro-computed tomography was used to analyze trabecular bone parameters including subchondral bone plate thickness and synovial ectopic calcifications. Gene expression in the knees was assessed using a QuantiGene Plex assay. RESULTS Broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.18 to 0.58, which suggested that the responses to surgery were moderately heritable. The LGXSM-33, LGXSM-5, LGXSM-46, and SM/J strains were highly susceptible to OA, while the LGXSM-131b, LGXSM-163, LGXSM-35, LGXSM-128a, LGXSM-6, and LG/J strains were relatively OA resistant. This study was the first to accomplish measurement of genetic correlations of phenotypes that are characteristic of posttraumatic OA. Cartilage degeneration was significantly positively associated with synovitis (r = 0.83-0.92), and subchondral bone plate thickness was negatively correlated with ectopic calcifications (r = -0.59). Moreover, we showed that 40 of the 78 genes tested were significantly correlated with various OA phenotypes. However, unlike the OA phenotypes, there was no evidence for genetic variation in differences in gene expression levels between DMM-operated and sham-operated knees. CONCLUSION For these mouse strains, various characteristics of posttraumatic OA varied with genetic composition, which demonstrated a genetic basis for susceptibility to posttraumatic OA. The heritability of posttraumatic OA was established. Phenotypes exhibited various degrees of correlations; cartilage degeneration was positively correlated with synovitis, but not with the formation of ectopic calcifications. Further investigation of the genome regions that contain genes implicated in OA, as well as further investigation of gene expression data, will be useful for studying mechanisms of OA and identifying therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ken Takebe
- Konan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Osteoarthritis following meniscus and ligament injury: insights from translational studies and animal models. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2019; 31:70-79. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
33
|
McCulloch RS, Mente PL, O’Nan AT, Ashwell MS. Articular cartilage gene expression patterns in the tissue surrounding the impact site following applications of shear and axial loads. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:449. [PMID: 30579353 PMCID: PMC6303924 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a degradative joint disease found in humans and commercial swine which can develop from a number of factors, including prior joint trauma. An impact injury model was developed to deliver in vitro loads to disease-free porcine patellae in a model of OA. METHODS Axial impactions (2000 N normal) and shear impactions (500 N normal with induced shear forces) were delivered to 48 randomly assigned patellae. The patellae were then cultured for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days following the impact. Specimens in the tissue surrounding the loading site were harvested and expression of 18 OA related genes was studied via quantitative PCR. The selected genes were previously identified from published work and fell into four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. RESULTS Type II collagen (Col2a1) showed significantly lower expression in shear vs. axial adjacent tissue at day 0 and 7 (fold changes of 0.40 & 0.19, respectively). In addition, higher expression of degradative enzymes and Fas, an apoptosis gene, was observed in the shear specimens. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a more physiologically valid shear load may induce more damage to surrounding articular cartilage than a normal load alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. S. McCulloch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258 USA
| | - P. L. Mente
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - A. T. O’Nan
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - M. S. Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hsieh YL, Chen HY, Yang CC. Early Intervention with Therapeutic Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Halting the Progression of Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in a Rat Model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:2637-2645. [PMID: 30262135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus injuries are highly correlated with post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA). The aim of this study was to examine whether early intervention with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm2 helps delay PTOA progression. A PTOA model was established by ACL transection and meniscectomy in male Sprague-Dawley rats. LIPUS intervention (1.0 MHz, 0.1 W/cm2) started on the third day after surgery and continued for 4 consecutive wk. Histopathological analyses and immunoassays of collagen type II and matrix metallopeptidase 13 in joints were conducted. Results indicated that compared with the sham treatment, LIPUS significantly reduced Mankin scores, inflammatory cells and matrix metallopeptidase 13 expression and increased collagen type II expression in rats with PTOA (p < 0.05). Early intervention with LIPUS has beneficial effects on delaying cartilage degradation by reducing synovial inflammation and matrix metallopeptidase 13 expression, as well as enhancing collagen type II expression in cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Yu Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chia Yang
- Kao-An Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hinton PV, Rackard SM, Kennedy OD. In Vivo Osteocyte Mechanotransduction: Recent Developments and Future Directions. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:746-753. [PMID: 30406580 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mechanical loading is an essential stimulus for skeletal tissues. Osteocytes are primarily responsible for sensing mechanical stimuli in bone and for orchestrating subsequent responses. This is critical for maintaining homeostasis, and responding to injury/disease. The osteocyte mechanotransduction pathway, and the downstream effects it mediates, is highly complex. In vivo models have proved invaluable in understanding this process. This review summarizes the commonly used models, as well as more recently developed ones, and describes how they are used to address emerging questions in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Minimally invasive animal models can be used to determine mechanisms of osteocyte mechanotransduction, at the cell and molecular level, while simultaneously reducing potentially confounding responses such as inflammation/wound-healing. The details of osteocyte mechanotransduction in bone are gradually becoming clearer. In vivo model systems are a key tool in pursing this question. Advances in this field are explored and discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige V Hinton
- Department of Anatomy & Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan M Rackard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oran D Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy & Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bapat S, Hubbard D, Munjal A, Hunter M, Fulzele S. Pros and cons of mouse models for studying osteoarthritis. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:36. [PMID: 30460596 PMCID: PMC6246759 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic conditions in the world today. It results in breakdown of cartilage in joints and causes the patient to experience intense pain and even disability. The pathophysiology of OA is not fully understood; therefore, there is currently no cure for OA. Many researchers are investigating the pathophysiology of the disease and attempting to develop methods to alleviate the symptoms or cure the OA entirely using animal models. Most studies on OA use animal models; this is necessary as the disease develops very slowly in humans and presents differently in each patient. This makes it difficult to effectively study the progression of osteoarthritis. Animal models can be spontaneous, in which OA naturally occurs in the animal. Genetic modifications can be used to make the mice more susceptible to developing OA. Osteoarthritis can also be induced via surgery, chemical injections, or non-invasive trauma. This review aims to describe animal models of inducing osteoarthritis with a focus on the models used on mice and their advantages and disadvantages that each model presents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santul Bapat
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Daniel Hubbard
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Akul Munjal
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Monte Hunter
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA. .,Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsia AW, Tarke FD, Shelton TJ, Tjandra PM, Christiansen BA. Comparison of knee injury threshold during tibial compression based on limb orientation in mice. J Biomech 2018; 74:220-224. [PMID: 29678417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies used tibial compression overload to induce anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in mice, while others have applied similar or greater compressive magnitudes without injury. The causes of these differences in injury threshold are not known. In this study, we compared knee injury thresholds using a "prone configuration" and a "supine configuration" that differed with respect to hip, knee, and ankle flexion, and utilized different fixtures to stabilize the knee. Right limbs of female and male C57BL/6 mice were loaded using the prone configuration, while left limbs were loaded using the supine configuration. Mice underwent progressive loading from 2 to 20 N, or cyclic loading at 9 N or 14 N (n = 9-11/sex/loading method). Progressive loading with the prone configuration resulted in ACL rupture at an average of 10.2 ± 0.9 N for females and 11.4 ± 0.7 N for males. In contrast, progressive loading with the supine configuration resulted in ACL rupture in only 36% of female mice and 50% of male mice. Cyclic loading with the prone configuration resulted in ACL rupture after 15 ± 8 cycles for females and 24 ± 27 cycles for males at 9 N, and always during the first cycle for both sexes at 14 N. In contrast, cyclic loading with the supine configuration was able to complete 1,200 cycles at 9 N without injury for both sexes, and an average of 45 ± 41 cycles for females and 49 ± 25 cycles for males at 14 N before ACL rupture. These results show that tibial compression configurations can strongly affect knee injury thresholds during loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison W Hsia
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Franklin D Tarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States.
| | - Trevor J Shelton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States.
| | - Priscilla M Tjandra
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Blaine A Christiansen
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rai MF, Pham CT. Intra-articular drug delivery systems for joint diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 40:67-73. [PMID: 29625332 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intra-articular (IA) injections directly deliver high concentrations of therapeutics to the joint space and are routinely used in various musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, current IA-injected drugs are rapidly cleared and do not significantly affect the course of joint disease. In this review, we highlight recent developments in IA therapy, with a special emphasis on current and emerging therapeutic carriers and their potential to deliver disease-modifying treatment modalities for arthritis. Recent IA approaches concentrate on platforms that are safe with efficient tissue penetration, and readily translatable for controlled and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. Gene therapy delivered by viral or non-viral vectors and cell-based therapy for cartilage preservation and regeneration are being intensively explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8233, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8233, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Christine Tn Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8045, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gilbert SJ, Bonnet CS, Stadnik P, Duance VC, Mason DJ, Blain EJ. Inflammatory and degenerative phases resulting from anterior cruciate rupture in a non-invasive murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2118-2127. [PMID: 29453795 PMCID: PMC6120532 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Joint injury is the predominant risk factor for post-traumatic osteoarthritis development (PTOA). Several non-invasive mouse models mimicking human PTOA investigate molecular mechanisms of disease development; none have characterized the inflammatory response to this acute traumatic injury. Our aim was to characterize the early inflammatory phase and later degenerative component in our in vivo non-invasive murine model of PTOA induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Right knees of 12-week-old C57Bl6 mice were placed in flexion at a 30° offset position and subjected to a single compressive load (12N, 1.4 mm/s) to induce ACL rupture with no obvious damage to surrounding tissues. Tissue was harvested 4 h post-injury and on days 3, 14, and 21; contralateral left knees served as controls. Histological, immunohistochemical, and gene analyzes were performed to evaluate inflammatory and degenerative changes. Immunohistochemistry revealed time-dependent expression of mature (F4/80 positive) and inflammatory (CD11b positive) macrophage populations within the sub-synovial infiltrate, developing osteophytes, and inflammation surrounding the ACL in response to injury. Up-regulation of genes encoding acute pro-inflammatory markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17, and the matrix degrading enzymes, ADAMTS-4 and MMP3 was detected in femoral cartilage, concomitant with extensive cartilage damage and bone remodelling over 21-days post-injury. Our non-invasive model describes pathologically distinct phases of the disease, increasing our understanding of inflammatory episodes, the tissues/cells producing inflammatory mediators and the early molecular changes in the joint, thereby defining the early phenotype of PTOA. This knowledge will guide appropriate interventions to delay or arrest disease progression following joint injury. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 9999:1-10, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J. Gilbert
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Biomedicine Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Cleo S. Bonnet
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Biomedicine Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Paulina Stadnik
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Biomedicine Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Victor C. Duance
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Biomedicine Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Deborah J. Mason
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Biomedicine Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Emma J. Blain
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Biomedicine Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rahmati M, Nalesso G, Mobasheri A, Mozafari M. Aging and osteoarthritis: Central role of the extracellular matrix. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:20-30. [PMID: 28774716 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), is a major cause of severe joint pain, physical disability and quality of life impairment in the aging population across the developed and developing world. Increased catabolism in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the articular cartilage is a key factor in the development and progression of OA. The molecular mechanisms leading to an impaired matrix turnover have not been fully clarified, however cellular senescence, increased expression of inflammatory mediators as well as oxidative stress in association with an inherently limited regenerative potential of the tissue, are all important contributors to OA development. All these factors are linked to and tend to be maximized by aging. Nonetheless the role of aging in compromising joint stability and function in OA has not been completely clarified yet. This review will systematically analyze cellular and structural changes taking place in the articular cartilage and bone in the pathogenesis of OA which are linked to aging. A particular emphasis will be placed on age-related changes in the phenotype of the articular chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Giovanna Nalesso
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, The APPROACH Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Consortium, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC) and Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|