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Miller BS, Masere C, Milnes M, Cleeland J, Lamb T, Maschette D, Welsford D. Heard off Heard: Acoustic detections of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) and other cetaceans off Heard Island. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2024; 4:061201. [PMID: 38922055 DOI: 10.1121/10.0026242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
An underwater acoustic recorder was moored off Heard Island from September 2017 through March 2018 to listen for marine mammals. Analysis of data was initially conducted by visual inspection of long-term spectral averages to reveal sounds from sperm whales, Antarctic and pygmy blue whales, fin whales, minke whales, odontocete whistles, and noise from nearby ships. Automated detection of sperm whale clicks revealed they were seldom detected from September through January (n = 35 h) but were detected nearly every day of February and March (n = 684 h). Additional analysis of these detections revealed further diel and demographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Miller
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Cara Masere
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Mark Milnes
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Jaimie Cleeland
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, , , , , , ,
| | - Timothy Lamb
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Dale Maschette
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, , , , , , ,
| | - Dirk Welsford
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
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Poupard M, Ferrari M, Best P, Glotin H. Passive acoustic monitoring of sperm whales and anthropogenic noise using stereophonic recordings in the Mediterranean Sea, North West Pelagos Sanctuary. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2007. [PMID: 35132115 PMCID: PMC8821711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 147 days spread over 4 years were recorded by a stereophonic sonobuoy set up in the Mediterranean sea, near the coast of Toulon, south of France. These recordings were analyzed in the scope of studying sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) and the impact anthropic noises may have on this species. With the use of a novel approach, which combines the use of a stereophonic antenna with a neural network, 226 sperm whales’ passages have been automatically detected in an effective range of 32 km. This dataset was then used to analyze the sperm whales’ abundance, the background noise, the influence of the background noise on the acoustic presence, and the animals’ size. The results show that sperm whales are present all year round in groups of 1–9 individuals, especially during the daytime. The estimated density is 1.69 whales/1000 km\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^2$$\end{document}2. Animals were also less frequent during periods with an increased background noise due to ferries. The animal size distribution revealed the recorded sperm whales were distributed in length from about 7 to 15.5 m, and lonely whales are larger, while groups of two are composed of juvenile and mid-sized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Poupard
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LIS, DYNI, Marseille, France.
| | - Maxence Ferrari
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LIS, DYNI, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Best
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LIS, DYNI, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Glotin
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LIS, DYNI, Marseille, France.,Université de Toulon, INPS, SMIoT, Marseille, France
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Science with Neutrino Telescopes in Spain. UNIVERSE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/universe8020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The primary scientific goal of neutrino telescopes is the detection and study of cosmic neutrino signals. However, the range of physics topics that these instruments can tackle is exceedingly wide and diverse. Neutrinos coming from outside the Earth, in association with other messengers, can contribute to clarify the question of the mechanisms that power the astrophysical accelerators which are known to exist from the observation of high-energy cosmic and gamma rays. Cosmic neutrinos can also be used to bring relevant information about the nature of dark matter, to study the intrinsic properties of neutrinos and to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. Likewise, atmospheric neutrinos can be used to study an ample variety of particle physics issues, such as neutrino oscillation phenomena, the determination of the neutrino mass ordering, non-standard neutrino interactions, neutrino decays and a diversity of other physics topics. In this article, we review a selected number of these topics, chosen on the basis of their scientific relevance and the involvement in their study of the Spanish physics community working in the KM3NeT and ANTARES neutrino telescopes.
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Shabangu FW, Andrew RK. Clicking throughout the year: sperm whale clicks in relation to environmental conditions off the west coast of South Africa. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of cetacean occurrence and behaviour in southern African waters is limited, and passive acoustic monitoring has the potential to address this gap efficiently. Seasonal acoustic occurrence and diel-vocalizing patterns of sperm whales in relation to environmental conditions are described here using passive acoustic monitoring data collected off the west coast of South Africa. Four autonomous acoustic recorders (AARs) were deployed on 3 oceanographic moorings from July 2014 to January 2017. Sperm whale clicks were detected year round in most recording sites, with peaks in acoustic occurrence in summer and late winter through spring. Diel-vocalizing patterns were detected in winter, spring and summer. Higher percentages of sperm whale clicks were recorded by AARs deployed at 1100 m water depth compared to those concurrently deployed at 850 and 4500 m, likely inferring that the whales exhibited some preference to water depths around 1100 m. Acoustic propagation modelling suggested a maximum detection range of 83 km in winter for sperm whale clicks produced at 1100 m. Random forest models classified daylight regime, sea surface height anomaly and month of the year as the most important predictors of sperm whale acoustic occurrence. The continuous acoustic occurrence of sperm whales suggests that the study area supports large biomasses of prey to sustain this species’ food requirements year round. This is the first study to describe the seasonal acoustic occurrence and diel-vocalizing patterns of sperm whales off the west coast of South Africa, extending knowledge of the species previously available only through whaling records.
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Affiliation(s)
- FW Shabangu
- Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Foreshore, Cape Town 8018, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - RK Andrew
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Cauchy P, Heywood KJ, Risch D, Merchant ND, Queste BY, Testor P. Sperm whale presence observed using passive acoustic monitoring from gliders of opportunity. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat use by the endangered Mediterranean sperm whale subpopulation remains poorly understood, especially in winter. The sustained presence of oceanographic autonomous underwater vehicles in the area presents an opportunity to improve observation effort, enabling collection of valuable sperm whale distribution data, which may be crucial to their conservation. Passive acoustic monitoring loggers were deployed on vertically profiling oceanographic gliders surveying the north-western Mediterranean Sea during winter 2012-2013 and June 2014. Sperm whale echolocation ‘usual click’ trains, characteristic of foraging activity, were detected and classified from the recordings, providing information about the presence of sperm whales along the glider tracks. Widespread presence of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea was confirmed. Winter observations suggest different foraging strategies between the Ligurian Sea, where mobile and scattered individuals forage at all times of day, and the Gulf of Lion, where larger aggregations target intense oceanographic features in the open ocean such as fronts and mixing events, with reduced acoustic presence at dawn. This study demonstrates the ability to successfully observe sperm whale behaviour from passive acoustic monitoring gliders. We identified possible mission design changes to optimize data collected from passive acoustic monitoring glider surveys and significantly improve sperm whale population monitoring and habitat use.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cauchy
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - KJ Heywood
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - D Risch
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - ND Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - BY Queste
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg (UGOT), 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Testor
- CNRS-Sorbonne Universités (UPMC Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, UMR 7159, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et de Climatologie (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Observatoire Ecce Terra, 75005 Paris, France
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Merkens KP, Simonis AE, Oleson EM. Geographic and temporal patterns in the acoustic detection of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus in the central and western North Pacific Ocean. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Aguzzi J, Chatzievangelou D, Marini S, Fanelli E, Danovaro R, Flögel S, Lebris N, Juanes F, De Leo FC, Del Rio J, Thomsen L, Costa C, Riccobene G, Tamburini C, Lefevre D, Gojak C, Poulain PM, Favali P, Griffa A, Purser A, Cline D, Edgington D, Navarro J, Stefanni S, D'Hondt S, Priede IG, Rountree R, Company JB. New High-Tech Flexible Networks for the Monitoring of Deep-Sea Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6616-6631. [PMID: 31074981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the acquisition of biotic and abiotic resources from within the deep sea (e.g., fisheries, oil-gas extraction, and mining) urgently imposes the development of novel monitoring technologies, beyond the traditional vessel-assisted, time-consuming, high-cost sampling surveys. The implementation of permanent networks of seabed and water-column-cabled (fixed) and docked mobile platforms is presently enforced, to cooperatively measure biological features and environmental (physicochemical) parameters. Video and acoustic (i.e., optoacoustic) imaging are becoming central approaches for studying benthic fauna (e.g., quantifying species presence, behavior, and trophic interactions) in a remote, continuous, and prolonged fashion. Imaging is also being complemented by in situ environmental-DNA sequencing technologies, allowing the traceability of a wide range of organisms (including prokaryotes) beyond the reach of optoacoustic tools. Here, we describe the different fixed and mobile platforms of those benthic and pelagic monitoring networks, proposing at the same time an innovative roadmap for the automated computing of hierarchical ecological information on deep-sea ecosystems (i.e., from single species' abundance and life traits to community composition, and overall biodiversity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Aguzzi
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC) , Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49 , 08012 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Simone Marini
- Institute of Marine Sciences , National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , 19036 La Spezia , Italy
| | - Emanuela Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , Polytechnic University of Marche , 60121 Ancona , Italy
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , Polytechnic University of Marche , 60121 Ancona , Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN) , 80121 Naples , Italy
| | | | - Nadine Lebris
- Oceanological Observatory , CNRS LECOB, Sorbonne University , 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer , France
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
| | - Fabio C De Leo
- Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
- Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8N 1V8 , Canada
| | - Joaquin Del Rio
- OBSEA, SARTI , Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) , 08800 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Corrado Costa
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA-IT) , 00198 Monterotondo , Italy
| | - Giorgio Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali del Sud , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Cristian Tamburini
- Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanoloie (MIO) , 13288 Cedex 09 Marseille , France
| | - Dominique Lefevre
- Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanoloie (MIO) , 13288 Cedex 09 Marseille , France
| | - Carl Gojak
- DT INSU , 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer , France
| | - Pierre-Marie Poulain
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) , 34010 Trieste , Italy
| | - Paolo Favali
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) , 00143 Rome , Italy
- European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and Water-Column Observatory European Research Infrastructure Consortium (EMSO ERIC) , 00143 Rome , Italy
| | - Annalisa Griffa
- Institute of Marine Sciences , National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , 19036 La Spezia , Italy
| | - Autun Purser
- Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) . 27515 Bremerhaven , Germany
| | - Danelle Cline
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) , Moss Landing , California 95039 , United States
| | - Duane Edgington
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) , Moss Landing , California 95039 , United States
| | - Joan Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC) , Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49 , 08012 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Steve D'Hondt
- Graduate School of Oceanography , University of Rhode Island , Narragansett , Rhode Island 02882 , United States
| | - Imants G Priede
- University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen AB24 3FX , United Kingdom
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research , 71003 Heraklion Crete , Greece
| | - Rodney Rountree
- Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
- The Fish Listener , 23 Joshua Lane , Waquoit , Massachusetts 02536 , United States
| | - Joan B Company
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC) , Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49 , 08012 Barcelona , Spain
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Frantzis A, Leaper R, Alexiadou P, Prospathopoulos A, Lekkas D. Shipping routes through core habitat of endangered sperm whales along the Hellenic Trench, Greece: Can we reduce collision risks? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212016. [PMID: 30811429 PMCID: PMC6392247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean sperm whale population is listed as 'Endangered". The Hellenic Trench is the core habitat of the eastern Mediterranean sperm whale sub-population that numbers two to three hundred individuals. Major shipping routes running on or very close to the 1000 m depth contour along the Hellenic Trench are causing an unsustainable number of ship-strikes with sperm whales reviewed in this paper. Sperm whale sighting and density data were combined with specific information on the vessel traffic in the area (e.g., types of vessels, traffic patterns, speed and traffic density), in order to estimate the risk of a whale/ship interaction. Routing options to significantly reduce ship strike risk by a small offshore shift in shipping routes were identified. The overall collision risk for sperm whales in the study area would be reduced by around 70%, while a maximum of 11 nautical miles would be added to major routes and only around 5 nautical miles for the majority of ships. No negative impacts were associated with re-routing by shipping away from sperm whale habitat and there would be additional shipping safety and environmental benefits. A significant contribution to the overall conservation status of the marine Natura2000 sites in the area and very important population units of threatened species such as Cuvier's beaked whales, monk seals and loggerhead turtles would be achieved, by the reduction of shipping noise and reduced risk of any oil spills reaching the coasts, which are also important touristic destinations in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russell Leaper
- International Fund for Animal Welfare, London, United Kingdom
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Miller BS, Miller EJ. The seasonal occupancy and diel behaviour of Antarctic sperm whales revealed by acoustic monitoring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5429. [PMID: 29615756 PMCID: PMC5882826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The seasonal occupancy and diel behaviour of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) was investigated using data from long-term acoustic recorders deployed off east Antarctica. An automated method for investigating acoustic presence of sperm whales was developed, characterised, and applied to multi-year acoustic datasets at three locations. Instead of focusing on the acoustic properties of detected clicks, the method relied solely on the inter-click-interval (ICI) for determining presence within an hour-long recording. Parameters for our classifier were informed by knowledge of typical vocal behaviour of sperm whales. Sperm whales were detected predominantly from Dec-Feb, occasionally in Nov, Mar, Apr, and May, but never in the Austral winter or early spring months. Ice cover was found to have a statistically significant negative effect on sperm whale presence. In ice-free months sperm whales were detected more often during daylight hours and were seldom detected at night, and this effect was also statistically significant. Seasonal presence at the three east Antarctic recording sites were in accord with what has been inferred from 20th century whale catches off western Antarctica and from stomach contents of whales caught off South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Miller
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
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