22
|
Zwanenburg A, Vallières M, Abdalah MA, Aerts HJWL, Andrearczyk V, Apte A, Ashrafinia S, Bakas S, Beukinga RJ, Boellaard R, Bogowicz M, Boldrini L, Buvat I, Cook GJR, Davatzikos C, Depeursinge A, Desseroit MC, Dinapoli N, Dinh CV, Echegaray S, El Naqa I, Fedorov AY, Gatta R, Gillies RJ, Goh V, Götz M, Guckenberger M, Ha SM, Hatt M, Isensee F, Lambin P, Leger S, Leijenaar RT, Lenkowicz J, Lippert F, Losnegård A, Maier-Hein KH, Morin O, Müller H, Napel S, Nioche C, Orlhac F, Pati S, Pfaehler EA, Rahmim A, Rao AU, Scherer J, Siddique MM, Sijtsema NM, Socarras Fernandez J, Spezi E, Steenbakkers RJ, Tanadini-Lang S, Thorwarth D, Troost EG, Upadhaya T, Valentini V, van Dijk LV, van Griethuysen J, van Velden FH, Whybra P, Richter C, Löck S. The Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative: Standardized Quantitative Radiomics for High-Throughput Image-based Phenotyping. Radiology 2020; 295:328-338. [PMID: 32154773 PMCID: PMC7193906 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020191145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1808] [Impact Index Per Article: 452.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Radiomic features may quantify characteristics present in medical imaging. However, the lack of standardized definitions and validated reference values have hampered clinical use. Purpose To standardize a set of 174 radiomic features. Materials and Methods Radiomic features were assessed in three phases. In phase I, 487 features were derived from the basic set of 174 features. Twenty-five research teams with unique radiomics software implementations computed feature values directly from a digital phantom, without any additional image processing. In phase II, 15 teams computed values for 1347 derived features using a CT image of a patient with lung cancer and predefined image processing configurations. In both phases, consensus among the teams on the validity of tentative reference values was measured through the frequency of the modal value and classified as follows: less than three matches, weak; three to five matches, moderate; six to nine matches, strong; 10 or more matches, very strong. In the final phase (phase III), a public data set of multimodality images (CT, fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and T1-weighted MRI) from 51 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma was used to prospectively assess reproducibility of standardized features. Results Consensus on reference values was initially weak for 232 of 302 features (76.8%) at phase I and 703 of 1075 features (65.4%) at phase II. At the final iteration, weak consensus remained for only two of 487 features (0.4%) at phase I and 19 of 1347 features (1.4%) at phase II. Strong or better consensus was achieved for 463 of 487 features (95.1%) at phase I and 1220 of 1347 features (90.6%) at phase II. Overall, 169 of 174 features were standardized in the first two phases. In the final validation phase (phase III), most of the 169 standardized features could be excellently reproduced (166 with CT; 164 with PET; and 164 with MRI). Conclusion A set of 169 radiomics features was standardized, which enabled verification and calibration of different radiomics software. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Kuhl and Truhn in this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahmoud A. Abdalah
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Hugo J. W. L. Aerts
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Vincent Andrearczyk
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Aditya Apte
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Saeed Ashrafinia
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Spyridon Bakas
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Roelof J. Beukinga
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Marta Bogowicz
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Luca Boldrini
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Irène Buvat
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Gary J. R. Cook
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Adrien Depeursinge
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Marie-Charlotte Desseroit
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Nicola Dinapoli
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Cuong Viet Dinh
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Sebastian Echegaray
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Issam El Naqa
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Andriy Y. Fedorov
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Roberto Gatta
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Vicky Goh
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Michael Götz
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Sung Min Ha
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Mathieu Hatt
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Fabian Isensee
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Philippe Lambin
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Stefan Leger
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Ralph T.H. Leijenaar
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Jacopo Lenkowicz
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Fiona Lippert
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Are Losnegård
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Klaus H. Maier-Hein
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Olivier Morin
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Henning Müller
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Sandy Napel
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Christophe Nioche
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Fanny Orlhac
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Sarthak Pati
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Elisabeth A.G. Pfaehler
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Arman Rahmim
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Arvind U.K. Rao
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Jonas Scherer
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Muhammad Musib Siddique
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Nanna M. Sijtsema
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Jairo Socarras Fernandez
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Emiliano Spezi
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Roel J.H.M. Steenbakkers
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Stephanie Tanadini-Lang
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Daniela Thorwarth
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Esther G.C. Troost
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Taman Upadhaya
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Lisanne V. van Dijk
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Joost van Griethuysen
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Floris H.P. van Velden
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Philip Whybra
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Christian Richter
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| | - Steffen Löck
- From OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in
Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Fetscherstr 74, PF 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany (A.Z.,
S. Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); National Center for Tumor Diseases
(NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ),
Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z.); Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz
Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
(A.Z., S. Leger, E.G.C.T.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site
Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.Z., S.
Leger, E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck); Medical Physics Unit, McGill University,
Montréal, Canada (M.V., I.E.N.); Image Response Assessment Team Core
Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (M.A.A.); Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass (H.J.W.L.A.); Institute of Information Systems,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
(V.A., A.D., H.M.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.A.); Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (S.A.); Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
(S.A., A.R.); Center for Biomedical image Computing and Analytics (CBICA),
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.);
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B., C.D., S.M.H., S.P.); Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
(UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (R.J.B., R.B., E.A.G.P.); Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (R.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital
Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.B., M.Guckenberger,
S.T.L.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS,
Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., R.G., J.L., V.V.); Laboratoire d'Imagerie
Translationnelle en Oncologie, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, Institut
Curie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Cancer Imaging Dept, School of
Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London,
London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., M.M.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine
and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
(A.D.); Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM)–team ACTION
(image-guided therapeutic action in oncology), INSERM, UMR 1101, IBSAM, UBO,
UBL, Brest, France (M.C.D., M.H., T.U.); Department of Radiation Oncology, the
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.V.D.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.E., S.N.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (I.E.N., A.U.K.R.); Surgical Planning Laboratory,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University, Boston, Mass (A.Y.F.); Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism,
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla (R.J.G.); Department of Medical Image
Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.
Götz, F.I., K.H.M.H., J.S.); The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine,
GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands (P.L., R.T.H.L.); Section for
Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
Tübingen, Germany (F.L., J.S.F., D.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology,
University of California, San Francisco, Calif (O.M.); University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland (H.M.); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, Calif (S.N.); Department of Medicine (Biomedical
Informatics Research), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
(S.N.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Computational Medicine and
Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.U.K.R.); Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (N.M.S., R.J.H.M.S., L.V.v.D.);
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., P.W.);
Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom
(E.S.); Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,
Dresden, Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R., S. Löck), Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, Dresden,
Germany (E.G.C.T., C.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Milétrie,
Poitiers, France (T.U.); Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer
Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.v.G.); GROW-School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the
Netherlands (J.v.G.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass (J.v.G.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
(LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands (F.H.P.v.V.)
| |
Collapse
|