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Kamikawa T, Kimura N, Ishii S, Muraoka M, Kodama T, Taniguchi K, Yoshimoto M, Miura-Okuda M, Uchikawa R, Kato C, Shinozuka J, Akai S, Naoi S, Tomioka N, Nagaya N, Pang CL, Garvita G, Feng S, Shimada M, Kamata-Sakurai M, Aburatani H, Kitazawa T, Igawa T. SAIL66, a next generation CLDN6-targeting T-cell engager, demonstrates potent antitumor efficacy through dual binding to CD3/CD137. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009563. [PMID: 39401967 PMCID: PMC11474890 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a member of the tight junction molecule CLDN family, exhibits negligible expression in healthy tissues but displays aberrant upregulation in various malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Although several therapeutic modalities targeting CLDN6 are currently under investigation, there is still a need for more potent therapeutic options. While T-cell engagers (TCEs) hold substantial promise as potent immunotherapeutic agents, their current efficacy and safety in terms of target antigen selection and T-cell exhaustion due to only CD3 stimulation without co-stimulation must be improved, particularly against solid tumors. To provide an efficacious treatment option for ovarian cancer, we generated SAIL66, a tri-specific antibody against CLDN6/CD3/CD137. METHODS Using our proprietary next-generation TCE technology (Dual-Ig), SAIL66 was designed to bind to CLDN6 with one Fab and CD3/CD137 with the other, thereby activating T cells through CD3 activation and CD137 co-stimulation. The preclinical characterization of SAIL66 was performed in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies which included comparisons to a conventional TCE targeting CLDN6 and CD3. RESULTS Despite the high similarity between CLDN6 and other CLDN family members, SAIL66 demonstrated high specificity for CLDN6, reducing the risk of off-target toxicity. In an in vitro co-culture assay with CLDN6-positive cancer cells, we confirmed that SAIL66 strongly activated the CD137 signal in the Jurkat reporter system, and preferentially induced activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to conventional TCEs. In vivo studies demonstrated that SAIL66 led to a more pronounced increase in intratumor T-cell infiltration and a decrease in exhausted T cells compared with conventional CLDN6 TCE by contribution of CD137 co-stimulation, resulting in better antitumor efficacy in tumor-bearing mouse models. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that SAIL66, designed to engage CLDN6, CD3, and CD137, has the potential to enhance antitumor activity and provide a potent therapeutic option for patients with ovarian and other solid tumors expressing CLDN6. Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SAIL66.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Kimura
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Moe Yoshimoto
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Uchikawa
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Kato
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Sho Akai
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sotaro Naoi
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Shu Feng
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Mei Shimada
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Morimoto T, Nakazawa T, Maeoka R, Matsuda R, Nakamura M, Nishimura F, Yamada S, Nakagawa I, Park YS, Tsujimura T. Bulk RNA sequencing reveals the comprehensive genetic characteristics of human cord blood-derived natural killer cells. Regen Ther 2024; 25:367-376. [PMID: 38405180 PMCID: PMC10891285 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate immune cells are important in tumor immunotherapy. Natural killer cells (NKCs) are also categorized as innate immune cells and can control tumor growth and metastatic spread. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. NKC-based immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against GBM. We previously reported a feeder-free expansion system that yielded large-scale highly purified and cytotoxic NKCs derived from human cord blood (CB). In the present study, we performed comprehensive genomic analyses of NKCs generated from human CB (CBNKCs) as compared those from human peripheral blood (PB) (PBNKCs). Methods Frozen T cell-free CB mononuclear cells were cultured with recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-18 and rhIL-2 in anti-NKp46 and anti-CD16 antibody immobilization settings. After 14-day expansion, the total RNA of the CBNKCs or PBNKCs was extracted and transcriptomic analyses was performed to determine their similarities and differences. We also examined CBNKC and PBNKC activity against a GBM cell line. Results Differential expression gene analysis revealed that some NK activating and inhibitory receptors were significantly downregulated in the CBNKCs compared to PBNKCs. Furthermore, genes related to anti-apoptosis and proliferation were upregulated in the CBNKCs. Enrichment analysis determined that the gene sets related to immune response and cytokines were enriched in the CBNKCs. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that the immune response pathway was upregulated in the CBNKCs. Cytotoxic assays using impedance-based cell analyzer revealed that the CBNKCs enhanced NKC-mediated cytotoxicity on GBM cells as compared to the PBNKCs. Conclusions We demonstrated the characteristics of human CBNKCs. Cell-based therapy using the CBNKCs is promising for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Morimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Maeoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Young-Soo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujimura
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
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Perico L, Casiraghi F, Sônego F, Todeschini M, Corna D, Cerullo D, Pezzotta A, Isnard-Petit P, Faravelli S, Forneris F, Thiam K, Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Bi-specific autoantigen-T cell engagers as targeted immunotherapy for autoreactive B cell depletion in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335998. [PMID: 38469301 PMCID: PMC10926275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In autoimmune diseases, autoreactive B cells comprise only the 0.1-0.5% of total circulating B cells. However, current first-line treatments rely on non-specific and general suppression of the immune system, exposing patients to severe side effects. For this reason, identification of targeted therapies for autoimmune diseases is an unmet clinical need. Methods Here, we designed a novel class of immunotherapeutic molecules, Bi-specific AutoAntigen-T cell Engagers (BiAATEs), as a potential approach for targeting the small subset of autoreactive B cells. To test this approach, we focused on a prototype autoimmune disease of the kidney, membranous nephropathy (MN), in which phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) serves as primary nephritogenic antigen. Specifically, we developed a BiAATE consisting of the immunodominant Cysteine-Rich (CysR) domain of PLA2R and the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of an antibody against the T cell antigen CD3, connected by a small flexible linker. Results BiAATE creates an immunological synapse between autoreactive B cells bearing an CysR-specific surface Ig+ and T cells. Ex vivo, the BiAATE successfully induced T cell-dependent depletion of PLA2R-specific B cells isolated form MN patients, sparing normal B cells. Systemic administration of BiAATE to mice transgenic for human CD3 reduced anti-PLA2R antibody levels following active immunization with PLA2R. Discussion Should this approach be confirmed for other autoimmune diseases, BiAATEs could represent a promising off-the-shelf therapy for precision medicine in virtually all antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases for which the pathogenic autoantigen is known, leading to a paradigm shift in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Perico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Casiraghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Marta Todeschini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Pezzotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Faravelli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kader Thiam
- Preclinical Models & Services, genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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Nakazawa T, Maeoka R, Morimoto T, Matsuda R, Nakamura M, Nishimura F, Yamada S, Nakagawa I, Park YS, Ito T, Nakase H, Tsujimura T. An efficient feeder-free and chemically-defined expansion strategy for highly purified natural killer cells derived from human cord blood. Regen Ther 2023; 24:32-42. [PMID: 37303464 PMCID: PMC10247952 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural killer cells (NKCs) are immune cells that can attack cancer cells through the direct recognition of ligands without prior sensitization. Cord blood-derived NKCs (CBNKCs) represent a promising tool for allogenic NKC-based cancer immunotherapy. Efficient NKC expansion and decreased T cell inclusion are crucial for the success of allogeneic NKC-based immunotherapy without inducing graft-versus-host reactions. We previously established an efficient ex vivo expansion system consisting of highly purified-NKCs derived from human peripheral blood. Herein, we evaluated the performance of the NKC expansion system using CB and characterized the expanded populations. Methods Frozen CB mononuclear cells (CBMCs), with T cells removed, were cultured with recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-18 and rhIL-2 under conditions where anti-NKp46 and anti-CD16 antibodies were immobilized. Following 7, 14, and 21 days of expansion, the purity, fold-expansion rates of NKCs, and the expression levels of NK activating and inhibitory receptors were assessed. The ability of these NKCs to inhibit the growth of T98G, a glioblastoma (GBM) cell line sensitive to NK activity, was also examined. Results All expanded T cell-depleted CBMCs were included in over 80%, 98%, and 99% of CD3-CD56+ NKCs at 7, 14, and 21 days of expansion, respectively. The NK activating receptors LFA-1, NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, FcγRIII and NK inhibitory receptors TIM-3, TIGIT, TACTILE, NKG2A were expressed on the expanded-CBNKCs. Two out of three of the expanded-CBNKCs weakly expressed PD-1, yet gradually expressed PD-1 according to expansion period. One of the three expanded CBNKCs almost lacked PD-1 expression during the expansion period. LAG-3 expression was variable among donors, and no consistent changes were identified during the expansion period. All of the expanded CBNKCs elicited distinct cytotoxicity-mediated growth inhibition on T98G cells. The level of cytotoxicity was gradually decreased based on the prolonged expansion period. Conclusions Our established feeder-free expansion system yielded large scale highly purified and cytotoxic NKCs derived from human CB. The system provides a stable supply of clinical grade off-the-shelf NKCs and may be feasible for allogeneic NKC-based immunotherapy for cancers, including GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nakazawa
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Maeoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Young-Soo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujimura
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Uda, Nara, 633-2221, Japan
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Zhang R, Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhao A, Yu C. The establishment and application of CD3E humanized mice in immunotherapy. Exp Anim 2022; 71:442-450. [PMID: 35570001 PMCID: PMC9671771 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of cancer immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody drugs, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-conjugated drugs have become the focus of current research, and gene-edited animal models play an essential role in the entire drug development process. In this study, CD3E humanized mice were established by replacing the second to the seventh exon of the Cd3e mouse gene with the same exon of the human gene. The expression of human CD3E in CD3E humanized mice was detected by RT-PCR as well as flow cytometry, also a tumor model was established based on CD3E humanized mice, and the pharmacodynamic effects of CD3E monoclonal antibodies were evaluated. The results showed that CD3E humanized mice expressed only human CD3E, and the proportion of each lymphocyte in the thymus and spleen was not significantly changed compared with wild-type mice. CD3E monoclonal antibody could promote tumor growth after treatment, which may be related to the activation-induced cell death effect caused by this CD3E antibody. In contrast, Bispecific antibody blinatumomab inhibited tumor growth significantly. Thus, the CD3E humanized mice provided an adequate animal model for evaluating the efficacy and safety of CD3E antibody drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufeng Zhang
- College of life science and technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., 12 Baoshen South Street, Daxing District,102609, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., 12 Baoshen South Street, Daxing District,102609, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ang Zhao
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., 12 Baoshen South Street, Daxing District,102609, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of life science and technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Yadav R, Sukumaran S, Zabka TS, Li J, Oldendorp A, Morrow G, Reyes A, Cheu M, Li J, Wallin JJ, Tsai S, Sun L, Wang P, Ellerman D, Spiess C, Polson A, Stefanich EG, Kamath AV, Ovacik MA. Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Characterization of Anti-CD79b/CD3 T Cell-Dependent Bispecific Antibody Using a Surrogate Molecule: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for B Cell Malignancies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050970. [PMID: 35631556 PMCID: PMC9147001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell-dependent bispecific (TDB) antibody, anti-CD79b/CD3, targets CD79b and CD3 cell-surface receptors expressed on B cells and T cells, respectively. Since the anti-CD79b arm of this TDB binds only to human CD79b, a surrogate TDB that binds to cynomolgus monkey CD79b (cyCD79b) was used for preclinical characterization. To evaluate the impact of CD3 binding affinity on the TDB pharmacokinetics (PK), we utilized non-tumor-targeting bispecific anti-gD/CD3 antibodies composed of a low/high CD3 affinity arm along with a monospecific anti-gD arm as controls in monkeys and mice. An integrated PKPD model was developed to characterize PK and pharmacodynamics (PD). This study revealed the impact of CD3 binding affinity on anti-cyCD79b/CD3 PK. The surrogate anti-cyCD79b/CD3 TDB was highly effective in killing CD79b-expressing B cells and exhibited nonlinear PK in monkeys, consistent with target-mediated clearance. A dose-dependent decrease in B cell counts in peripheral blood was observed, as expected. Modeling indicated that anti-cyCD79b/CD3 TDB’s rapid and target-mediated clearance may be attributed to faster internalization of CD79b, in addition to enhanced CD3 binding. The model yielded unbiased and precise curve fits. These findings highlight the complex interaction between TDBs and their targets and may be applicable to the development of other biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbharan Yadav
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (M.A.O.); Tel.: +1-650-467-1723 (R.Y.); +1-650-467-3645 (M.A.O.)
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Tanja S. Zabka
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Jinze Li
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Amy Oldendorp
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Gary Morrow
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Arthur Reyes
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Melissa Cheu
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Jessica Li
- Oncology Biomarker Development (OBD), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (J.L.); (J.J.W.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Wallin
- Oncology Biomarker Development (OBD), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (J.L.); (J.J.W.)
| | - Siao Tsai
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Laura Sun
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (L.S.); (P.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Peiyin Wang
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (L.S.); (P.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (D.E.); (C.S.)
| | - Christoph Spiess
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (D.E.); (C.S.)
| | - Andy Polson
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (L.S.); (P.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Eric G. Stefanich
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Amrita V. Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Meric A. Ovacik
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (M.A.O.); Tel.: +1-650-467-1723 (R.Y.); +1-650-467-3645 (M.A.O.)
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Humanization of a strategic CD3 epitope enables evaluation of clinical T-cell engagers in a fully immunocompetent in vivo model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3530. [PMID: 35241687 PMCID: PMC8894342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell engagers (TCEs) are a growing class of biotherapeutics being investigated in the clinic for treatment of a variety of hematological and solid tumor indications. However, preclinical evaluation of TCEs in vivo has been mostly limited to xenograft tumor models in human T-cell reconstituted immunodeficient mice, which have a number of limitations. To explore the efficacy of human TCEs in fully immunocompetent hosts, we developed a knock-in mouse model (hCD3E-epi) in which a 5-residue N-terminal fragment of murine CD3-epsilon was replaced with an 11-residue stretch from the human sequence that encodes for a common epitope recognized by anti-human CD3E antibodies in the clinic. T cells from hCD3E-epi mice underwent normal thymic development and could be efficiently activated upon crosslinking of the T-cell receptor with anti-human CD3E antibodies in vitro. Furthermore, a TCE targeting human CD3E and murine CD20 induced robust T-cell redirected killing of murine CD20-positive B cells in ex vivo hCD3E-epi splenocyte cultures, and also depleted nearly 100% of peripheral B cells for up to 7 days following in vivo administration. These results highlight the utility of this novel mouse model for exploring the efficacy of human TCEs in vivo, and suggest a useful tool for evaluating TCEs in combination with immuno-oncology/non-immuno-oncology agents against heme and solid tumor targets in hosts with a fully intact immune system.
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Belmontes B, Sawant DV, Zhong W, Tan H, Kaul A, Aeffner F, O'Brien SA, Chun M, Noubade R, Eng J, Ma H, Muenz M, Li P, Alba BM, Thomas M, Cook K, Wang X, DeVoss J, Egen JG, Nolan-Stevaux O. Immunotherapy combinations overcome resistance to bispecific T cell engager treatment in T cell-cold solid tumors. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/608/eabd1524. [PMID: 34433637 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches are needed to promote T cell-mediated destruction of poorly immunogenic, "cold" tumors typically associated with minimal response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) molecules induce redirected lysis of cancer cells by polyclonal T cells and have demonstrated promising clinical activity against solid tumors in some patients. However, little is understood about the key factors that govern clinical responses to these therapies. Using an immunocompetent mouse model expressing a humanized CD3ε chain (huCD3e mice) and BiTE molecules directed against mouse CD19, mouse CLDN18.2, or human EPCAM antigens, we investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and immune correlates associated with BiTE efficacy across multiple syngeneic solid-tumor models. These studies demonstrated that pretreatment tumor-associated T cell density is a critical determinant of response to BiTE therapy, identified CD8+ T cells as important targets and mediators of BiTE activity, and revealed an antagonistic role for CD4+ T cells in BiTE efficacy. We also identified therapeutic combinations, including ICB and 4-1BB agonism, that synergized with BiTE treatment in poorly T cell-infiltrated, immunotherapy-refractory tumors. In these models, BiTE efficacy was dependent on local expansion of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells, rather than their recruitment from circulation. Our findings highlight the relative contributions of baseline T cell infiltration, local T cell proliferation, and peripheral T cell trafficking for BiTE molecule-mediated efficacy, identify combination strategies capable of overcoming resistance to BiTE therapy, and have clinical relevance for the development of BiTE and other T cell engager therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Belmontes
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Deepali V Sawant
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy Zhong
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hong Tan
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Anupurna Kaul
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Famke Aeffner
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah A O'Brien
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Chun
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason Eng
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hayley Ma
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Markus Muenz
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Amgen Research GmbH, Munich 81477, Germany
| | - Peng Li
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Melissa Thomas
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kevin Cook
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jackson G Egen
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. .,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Olivier Nolan-Stevaux
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. .,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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9
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Pisano M, Cheng Y, Sun F, Dhakal B, D’Souza A, Chhabra S, Knight JM, Rao S, Zhan F, Hari P, Janz S. Laboratory Mice - A Driving Force in Immunopathology and Immunotherapy Studies of Human Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667054. [PMID: 34149703 PMCID: PMC8206561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of human cancer provide an important research tool for elucidating the natural history of neoplastic growth and developing new treatment and prevention approaches. This is particularly true for multiple myeloma (MM), a common and largely incurable neoplasm of post-germinal center, immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes, called plasma cells, that reside in the hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) and cause osteolytic lesions and kidney failure among other forms of end-organ damage. The most widely used mouse models used to aid drug and immunotherapy development rely on in vivo propagation of human myeloma cells in immunodeficient hosts (xenografting) or myeloma-like mouse plasma cells in immunocompetent hosts (autografting). Both strategies have made and continue to make valuable contributions to preclinical myeloma, including immune research, yet are ill-suited for studies on tumor development (oncogenesis). Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), such as the widely known Vκ*MYC, may overcome this shortcoming because plasma cell tumors (PCTs) develop de novo (spontaneously) in a highly predictable fashion and accurately recapitulate many hallmarks of human myeloma. Moreover, PCTs arise in an intact organism able to mount a complete innate and adaptive immune response and tumor development reproduces the natural course of human myelomagenesis, beginning with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), progressing to smoldering myeloma (SMM), and eventually transitioning to frank neoplasia. Here we review the utility of transplantation-based and transgenic mouse models of human MM for research on immunopathology and -therapy of plasma cell malignancies, discuss strengths and weaknesses of different experimental approaches, and outline opportunities for closing knowledge gaps, improving the outcome of patients with myeloma, and working towards a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pisano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yan Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fumou Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Binod Dhakal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anita D’Souza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Knight
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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10
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Jang S, Song J, Kim N, Bak J, Jung K, Park YW, Park BC, Kim HM. Development of an antibody-like T-cell engager based on VH-VL heterodimer formation and its application in cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120760. [PMID: 33774526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Following the clinical success of immunotherapeutic antibodies, bispecific antibodies for cytotoxic effector cell redirection, tumor-targeted immunomodulation and dual immunomodulation, have received particular attentions. Here, we developed a novel bispecific antibody platform, termed Antibody-Like Cell Engager (ALiCE), wherein the Fc domain of each heavy chain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is replaced by the VH and VL domains of an IgG specific to a second antigen while retaining the N-terminal Fab of the parent antibody. Because of specific interactions between the substituted VH and VL domains, the C-terminal stem Fv enables ALiCE to assemble autonomously into hetero-tetramers, thus simultaneously binding to two distinct antigens but with different avidities. This design strategy was used to generate ACE-05 (two anti-PD-L1 Fab × anti-CD3 Fv) and ACE-31 (two anti-CD3 Fab × anti-PD-L1 Fv), both of which bound PD-L1 and CD3. However, ACE-05 was more effective than ACE-31 in reducing off-target toxicity caused by the indiscriminate activation of T cells. Moreover, in cell-based assays and PBMC-reconstituted humanized mice harboring human non-small-cell lung cancer tumors, ACE-05 showed marked antitumor efficacy, causing complete tumor regression at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight. The dual roles of ACE-05 in immune checkpoint inhibition and T-cell redirection, coupled with reduced off-target toxicity, suggest that ACE-05 may be a promising anti-cancer therapeutic agent. Moreover, the bispecific ALiCE platform can be further used for tumor-targeted or multiple immunomodulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seil Jang
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Y-BIOLOGICS, Inc., 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, South Korea; CTCELLS, Inc., R7, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Song
- Y-BIOLOGICS, Inc., 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, South Korea
| | - NaYoung Kim
- Y-BIOLOGICS, Inc., 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Bak
- Y-BIOLOGICS, Inc., 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, South Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Park
- Y-BIOLOGICS, Inc., 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, South Korea
| | - Bum-Chan Park
- Y-BIOLOGICS, Inc., 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, South Korea.
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
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11
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Crespo J, Koh YT, Hu N, Moore PA, Bonvini E, Glasebrook AL, Martin AP, Benschop RJ. A humanized CD3ε-knock-in mouse model for pre-clinical testing of anti-human CD3 therapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245917. [PMID: 33596227 PMCID: PMC7888618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical murine models are critical for translating drug candidates from the bench to the bedside. There is interest in better understanding how anti-human CD3 therapy works based on recent longitudinal studies of short-term administration. Although several models have been created in this pursuit, each have their own advantages and disadvantages in Type-1 diabetes. In this study, we report a murine genetic knock-in model which expresses both a murine and a humanized-CD3ε-exon, rendering it sensitive to manipulation with anti-human CD3. These huCD3εHET mice are viable and display no gross abnormalities. Specifically, thymocyte development and T cell peripheral homeostasis is unaffected. We tested immune functionality of these mice by immunizing them with T cell-dependent antigens and no differences in antibody titers compared to wild type mice were recorded. Finally, we performed a graft-vs-host disease model that is driven by effector T cell responses and observed a wasting disease upon transfer of huCD3εHET T cells. Our results show a viable humanized CD3 murine model that develops normally, is functionally engaged by anti-human CD3 and can instruct on pre-clinical tests of anti-human CD3 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Crespo
- Immunology Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yi Ting Koh
- Immunology Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Ningjie Hu
- Immunology Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Moore
- MacroGenics, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Ezio Bonvini
- MacroGenics, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Glasebrook
- Immunology Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Andrea P. Martin
- Immunology Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Benschop
- Immunology Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Voynov V, Adam PJ, Nixon AE, Scheer JM. Discovery Strategies to Maximize the Clinical Potential of T-Cell Engaging Antibodies for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E65. [PMID: 33217946 PMCID: PMC7709135 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell Engaging bispecific antibodies (TcEs) that can re-direct cytotoxic T-cells to kill cancer cells have been validated in clinical studies. To date, the clinical success with these agents has mainly been seen in hematologic tumor indications. However, an increasing number of TcEs are currently being developed to exploit the potent mode-of-action to treat solid tumor indications, which is more challenging in terms of tumor-cell accessibility and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Of particular interest is the potential of TcEs as an immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of non-immunogenic (often referred to as cold) tumors that do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies. This has led to considerable discovery efforts for, firstly, the identification of tumor selective targeting approaches that can safely re-direct cytotoxic T-cells to cancer cells, and, secondly, bispecific antibodies and their derivatives with drug-like properties that promote a potent cytolytic synapse between T-cells and tumor cells, and in the most advanced TcEs, have IgG-like pharmacokinetics for dosing convenience. Based on encouraging pre-clinical data, a growing number of TcEs against a broad range of targets, and using an array of different molecular structures have entered clinical studies for solid tumor indications, and the first clinical data is beginning to emerge. This review outlines the different approaches that have been taken to date in addressing the challenges of exploiting the TcE mode-of-action for a broad range of solid indications, as well as opportunities for future discovery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Voynov
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (A.E.N.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Paul J. Adam
- Cancer Immunology & Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Andrew E. Nixon
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (A.E.N.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Justin M. Scheer
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (A.E.N.); (J.M.S.)
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13
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Kodama T, Kochi Y, Nakai W, Mizuno H, Baba T, Habu K, Sawada N, Tsunoda H, Shima T, Miyawaki K, Kikushige Y, Mori Y, Miyamoto T, Maeda T, Akashi K. Anti-GPRC5D/CD3 Bispecific T-Cell-Redirecting Antibody for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1555-1564. [PMID: 31270154 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although treatment advances over recent decades have significantly improved survival of patients with multiple myeloma, there is still an unmet medical need for more effective treatments. In this study, we identified G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) expression on the surface of malignant cells involved in multiple myeloma, but except for plasma cells and B cells, not at appreciable levels on normal hematopoietic cells and bone marrow progenitors, including hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, we constructed IgG-based anti-GPRC5D/CD3 bispecific T-cell-redirecting antibodies (GPRC5D TRAB), which suppressed the tumor growth of GPRC5D-positive myeloma cells through the activation of T cells in vitro and in vivo in xenograft models. Collectively, these findings suggest that GPRC5D is an antigen specific to multiple myeloma and a potential target of TRAB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Kodama
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore. .,Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yu Kochi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Waka Nakai
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mizuno
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Baba
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Habu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sawada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsunoda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shima
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohta Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Benonisson H, Altıntaş I, Sluijter M, Verploegen S, Labrijn AF, Schuurhuis DH, Houtkamp MA, Verbeek JS, Schuurman J, van Hall T. CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy Turns Solid Tumors into Inflammatory Sites but Does Not Install Protective Memory. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:312-322. [PMID: 30381448 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer with CD3-targeting bispecific antibodies (CD3 bsAb) is a fast developing field, and multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are evaluated for hematologic and solid malignancies. The efficacy of these CD3 bsAb is usually examined in xenograft mouse tumor models with human T cells or in genetically engineered mouse models, where human TAA are introduced. These models often fail to fully recapitulate the natural tumor environment, especially for solid cancers, because of interspecies differences. Here, we investigated the systemic and intratumoral effects of a mouse CD3 bsAb in a fully immune-competent mouse melanoma model. Systemic administration of 0.5 mg/kg antibody induced a brief overall T-cell activation that was selectively sustained in the tumor microenvironment for several days. A fast subsequent influx of inflammatory macrophages into the tumor microenvironment was observed, followed by an increase in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although the capacity to directly kill melanoma cells in vitro was very modest, optimal tumor elimination was observed in vivo, even in the absence of CD8+ T cells, implying a redundancy in T-cell subsets for therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we took advantage of the full immune competence of our mouse model and tested immune memory induction. Despite a strong initial immunity against melanoma, treatment with the CD3 bsAb did not install protective memory responses. The observed mechanisms of action revealed in this immune-competent mouse model might form a rational basis for combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hreinn Benonisson
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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15
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LCK as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Acute Rejection after Kidney Transplantation: A Bioinformatics Clue. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6451298. [PMID: 29977931 PMCID: PMC6011083 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6451298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aim to identify the key biomarker of acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation via bioinformatics methods. Methods The gene expression data GSE75693 of 30 samples with stable kidney transplantation recipients and 15 AR samples were downloaded and analyzed by the limma package to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were done to explore the biological functions and potential important pathways of DEGs. Finally, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and literature mining were applied to construct the cocitation network and to select the hub protein. Results A total of 437 upregulated genes and 353 downregulated genes were selected according to P < 0.01 and |log2(fold change)| > 1.0. DEGs of AR are mainly located on membranes and impact the activation of receptors in immune responses. In the PPI network, Src kinase, lymphocyte kinase (LCK), CD3G, B2M, interferon-γ, CD3D, tumor necrosis factor, VAV1, and CD3E in the T cell receptor signaling pathway were selected as important factors, and LCK was identified as the hub protein. Conclusion LCK, via acting on T-cell receptor, might be a potential therapeutic target for AR after kidney transplantation.
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16
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Ishiguro T, Sano Y, Komatsu SI, Kamata-Sakurai M, Kaneko A, Kinoshita Y, Shiraiwa H, Azuma Y, Tsunenari T, Kayukawa Y, Sonobe Y, Ono N, Sakata K, Fujii T, Miyazaki Y, Noguchi M, Endo M, Harada A, Frings W, Fujii E, Nanba E, Narita A, Sakamoto A, Wakabayashi T, Konishi H, Segawa H, Igawa T, Tsushima T, Mutoh H, Nishito Y, Takahashi M, Stewart L, ElGabry E, Kawabe Y, Ishigai M, Chiba S, Aoki M, Hattori K, Nezu J. An anti–glypican 3/CD3 bispecific T cell–redirecting antibody for treatment of solid tumors. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/410/eaal4291. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer care is being revolutionized by immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, engineered T cell transfer, and cell vaccines. The bispecific T cell–redirecting antibody (TRAB) is one such promising immunotherapy, which can redirect T cells to tumor cells by engaging CD3 on a T cell and an antigen on a tumor cell. Because T cells can be redirected to tumor cells regardless of the specificity of T cell receptors, TRAB is considered efficacious for less immunogenic tumors lacking enough neoantigens. Its clinical efficacy has been exemplified by blinatumomab, a bispecific T cell engager targeting CD19 and CD3, which has shown marked clinical responses against hematological malignancies. However, the success of TRAB in solid tumors has been hampered by the lack of a target molecule with sufficient tumor selectivity to avoid “on-target off-tumor” toxicity. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a highly tumor-specific antigen that is expressed during fetal development but is strictly suppressed in normal adult tissues. We developed ERY974, a whole humanized immunoglobulin G–structured TRAB harboring a common light chain, which bispecifically binds to GPC3 and CD3. Using a mouse model with reconstituted human immune cells, we revealed that ERY974 is highly effective in killing various types of tumors that have GPC3 expression comparable to that in clinical tumors. ERY974 also induced a robust antitumor efficacy even against tumors with nonimmunogenic features, which are difficult to treat by inhibiting immune checkpoints such as PD-1 (programmed cell death protein–1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein–4). Immune monitoring revealed that ERY974 converted the poorly inflamed tumor microenvironment to a highly inflamed microenvironment. Toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys showed transient cytokine elevation, but this was manageable and reversible. No organ toxicity was evident. These data provide a rationale for clinical testing of ERY974 for the treatment of patients with GPC3-positive solid tumors.
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