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Zhang YH, Xie LH, Li J, Qi YW, Shi JJ. Classification and clinical significance of immunogenic cell death-related genes in Plasmodium falciparum infection determined by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Malar J 2024; 23:48. [PMID: 38360586 PMCID: PMC10868002 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulated cell death that plays a crucial role in activating the immune system in response to various stressors, including cancer cells and pathogens. However, the involvement of ICD in the human immune response against malaria remains to be defined. METHODS In this study, data from Plasmodium falciparum infection cohorts, derived from cross-sectional studies, were analysed to identify ICD subtypes and their correlation with parasitaemia and immune responses. Using consensus clustering, ICD subtypes were identified, and their association with the immune landscape was assessed by employing ssGSEA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, and machine learning (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest) were used to identify ICD-associated hub genes linked with high parasitaemia. A nomogram visualizing these genes' correlation with parasitaemia levels was developed, and its performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS In the P. falciparum infection cohort, two ICD-associated subtypes were identified, with subtype 1 showing better adaptive immune responses and lower parasitaemia compared to subtype 2. DEGs analysis revealed upregulation of proliferative signalling pathways, T-cell receptor signalling pathways and T-cell activation and differentiation in subtype 1, while subtype 2 exhibited elevated cytokine signalling and inflammatory responses. PPI network construction and machine learning identified CD3E and FCGR1A as candidate hub genes. A constructed nomogram integrating these genes demonstrated significant classification performance of high parasitaemia, which was evidenced by AUC values ranging from 0.695 to 0.737 in the training set and 0.911 to 0.933 and 0.759 to 0.849 in two validation sets, respectively. Additionally, significant correlations between the expressions of these genes and the clinical manifestation of P. falciparum infection were observed. CONCLUSION This study reveals the existence of two ICD subtypes in the human immune response against P. falciparum infection. Two ICD-associated candidate hub genes were identified, and a nomogram was constructed for the classification of high parasitaemia. This study can deepen the understanding of the human immune response to P. falciparum infection and provide new targets for the prevention and control of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Li-Hua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Wei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
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Yan P, Li Z, Xian S, Wang S, Fu Q, Zhu J, Yue X, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhang W, Lu J, Yin H, Huang R, Huang Z. Construction of the prognostic enhancer RNA regulatory network in osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101499. [PMID: 36001923 PMCID: PMC9421318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our enhancer RNAs-based prognostic model showed good predictive ability in osteosarcoma. CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) may regulate CD8A molecule (CD8A). CD8A activation may promote CD3E molecule (CD3E) expression and activate allograft rejection in CD8+ T cells. Above signal axis provided new insights in the mechanism of osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant tumor in osteoarticular system, the 5-year overall survival of which is poor. Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types, whereas their roles in OS tumorigenesis remains largely unclear. Methods Differentially expressed eRNAs (DEEs), transcription factors (DETFs), target genes (DETGs) were identified using limma (Linear Models for Microarray Analysis) package. Prognosis-related DEEs were accessed by univariate Cox regression analysis. A multivariate model was constructed to evaluate the prognosis of OS samples. Prognosis-related DEEs, DETFs, DETGs, immune cells, and hallmark gene sets were co-analyzed to construct an regulatory network. Specific inhibitors were also filtered by connectivity Map analysis. External validation and scRNA-seq analysis were performed to verify our key findings. Results 3,981 DETGs, 468 DEEs, 51 DETFs, and 27 differentially expressed hallmark gene sets were identified. A total of Multivariate risk predicting model based on 18 prognosis-related DEEs showed a high accuracy (area under curve (AUC) = 0.896). GW-8510 was the candidate inhibitor targeting prognosis-related DEEs (mean = 0.670, p < 0.001). Based on the OS tumorigenesis-related regulation network, we identified that CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA, DETF) may regulate CD8A molecule (CD8A, DEE), thereby promoting the transcription of CD3E molecule (CD3E, DETG), which may affect allograft rejection based on CD8+ T cells. Conclusion We constructed an eRNA-based prognostic model for predicting the OS patients’ prognosis and explored the potential regulation network for OS tumorigenesis by an integrated bioinformatics analysis, providing promising therapeutic targets for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qing Fu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiwen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xi Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinkun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Lu X, Li C, Xu W, Wu Y, Wang J, Chen S, Zhang H, Huang H, Huang H, Liu W. Malignant Tumor Purity Reveals the Driven and Prognostic Role of CD3E in Low-Grade Glioma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676124. [PMID: 34557404 PMCID: PMC8454269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to the initiation and progression of many neoplasms. However, the impact of low-grade glioma (LGG) purity on carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. We selected 509 LGG patients with available genomic and clinical information from the TCGA database. The percentage of tumor infiltrating immune cells and the tumor purity of LGG were evaluated using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Stromal-related genes were screened through Cox regression, and protein-protein interaction analyses and survival-related genes were selected in 487 LGG patients from GEO database. Hub genes involved in LGG purity were then identified and functionally annotated using bioinformatics analyses. Prognostic implications were validated in 100 patients from an Asian real-world cohort. Elevated tumor purity burden, immune scores, and stromal scores were significantly associated with poor outcomes and increased grade in LGG patients from the TCGA cohort. In addition, CD3E was selected with the most significant prognostic value (Hazard Ratio=1.552, P<0.001). Differentially expressed genes screened according to CD3E expression were mainly involved in stromal related activities. Additionally, significantly increased CD3E expression was found in 100 LGG samples from the validation cohort compared with adjacent normal brain tissues. High CD3E expression could serve as an independent prognostic indicator for survival of LGG patients and promotes malignant cellular biological behaviors of LGG. In conclusion, tumor purity has a considerable impact on the clinical, genomic, and biological status of LGG. CD3E, the gene for novel membrane immune biomarker deeply affecting tumor purity, may help to evaluate the prognosis and develop individual immunotherapy strategies for LGG patients. Evaluating the ratio of differential tumor purity and CD3E expression levels may provide novel insights into the complex structure of the LGG microenvironment and targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Lu
- Department of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) of China, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huadong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Haineng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Zhang P, Xu C, Liu Z, He C, Liu Y, Kang Z. CXCL12 and CD3E as Indicators for Tumor Microenvironment Modulation in Bladder Cancer and Their Correlations With Immune Infiltration and Molecular Subtypes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636870. [PMID: 33747959 PMCID: PMC7971116 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) represents the ninth most common malignant tumor in the world and is characterized by high recurrence risk. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in regulating the progression of BLCA. Immunotherapy, including Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), is closely associated with TME and is widely used for treating BLCA. But parts of BLCA patients have no response to these treatment ways, thus a better understanding of the complex TME of BLCA is still needed. We downloaded the gene expression profile and corresponding clinical information of 414 BLCA patients from the TCGA database. Via the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithm, we identified the two hub genes (CXCL12 and CD3E) and explored their correlations with immune infiltration. We found that BLCA patients with higher expression of CXCL12 and lower expression of CD3E had prolonged survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that both CXCL12 and CD3E were enriched in immune-related pathways. We also discovered that stromal score and the level of CXCL12 were higher in luminal subtype, and immune score and the level of CD3E were higher in the basal subtype. Furtherly, we found that CXCL12 was associated with naive B cells, resting mast cell, M2 macrophages, follicular helper T cells, and dendritic cells. CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and macrophages were correlated with CD3E. In conclusions, we found that CXCL12 and CD3E might serve as indicators of TME modulation in BLCA. Therapy targeting CXCL12 and CD3E had the potential as novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YuCai Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - PeiPei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ChaoJie Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ZeSen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ChaoJie He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YiMing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ZhengJun Kang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang Q, Li H, Gao S, Wang J, Li C, Shu J, Lin J. CD3E as a new predictive biomarker of response to omalizumab treatment in asthma patients: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107423. [PMID: 33578181 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Omalizumab is a bio-targeted agent approved as add-on therapy for the treatment of severe asthma. Most patients with severe asthma show no response to omalizumab. American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) recommend blood eosinophil count and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as biomarkers with high value for increased response to omalizumab and periostin as a biomarker with a low value. In this study, we aimed to identify the biomarkers for predicting treatment response to omalizumab by performing whole blood transcriptional expression profiling using array and clinical data from GSE134544. METHODS We analyzed GSE134544 whole blood transcriptional and clinical data of omalizumab treatment using xCell, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We calculated the immune enrichment score using xCell and found that CD4+ T cells, CD4+ Tem, CD4+ memory T cells, CD8+ Tcm, and dendritic cells (DC) were relatively higher in responders than in non-responders. Analysis of omalizumab response using WGCNA revealed that the above-mentioned significant immune cells in the red module was relevant to the sample traits; there were 547 genes in the red module. We identified 20 hub genes for the PPI network using cytoHubba, a Cytoscape plugin. Using logistic regression analysis, CD3E was found to be the only significant biomarker, and the area under the curve of ROC curves was 0.763. CONCLUSION CD3E maybe a new predictive biomarker of response to omalizumab treatment in asthma patients and be used to select more suitable asthma patients for omalizumab treatment.
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Firtina S, Ng YY, Ng OH, Nepesov S, Yesilbas O, Kilercik M, Burtecene N, Cinar S, Camcioglu Y, Ozbek U, Sayitoglu M. A novel pathogenic frameshift variant of CD3E gene in two T-B+ NK+ SCID patients from Turkey. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:653-9. [PMID: 28597365 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is the most severe form of primary immunodeficiency, which is characterized by the dysfunction and/or absence of T lymphocytes. Early diagnosis of SCID is crucial for overall survival, and if it remains untreated, SCID is often fatal. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a rapid, high-throughput technology, and has already been proven to be beneficial in medical diagnostics. In this study, a targeted NGS panel was developed to identify the genetic variations of SCID by using SmartChip-TE technology, and a novel pathogenic frameshift variant was found in the CD3E gene. Sanger sequencing has confirmed the segregation of the variant among patients. We found a novel deletion in the CD3E gene (NM000733.3:p.L58Hfs*9) in two T-B+ NK+ patients. The variant was not found in the databases of dbSNP, ExAC, and 1000G. One sibling in family I was homozygous and the rest of the family members were heterozygous for this variant. T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) analyses were performed for T and B cell maturation. TRECs were not detected in both patients and the KREC copy numbers were similar to the other family members. In addition, heterozygous family members showed decreased TREC levels when compared with the wild-type sibling, indicating that carrying this variant in one allele does not cause immunodeficiency, but does effect T cell proliferation. Here, we report a novel pathogenic frameshift variant in CD3E gene by using targeted NGS panel.
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