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Criscuolo C, Chartampila E, Ginsberg SD, Scharfman HE. Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells Show Stability of BDNF Protein Expression in Mossy Fiber Axons with Age, and Resistance to Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology in a Mouse Model. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0192-23.2023. [PMID: 38164567 PMCID: PMC10913042 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0192-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important in the development and maintenance of neurons and their plasticity. Hippocampal BDNF has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) because hippocampal levels in AD patients and AD animal models are often downregulated, suggesting that reduced BDNF contributes to AD. However, the location where hippocampal BDNF protein is most highly expressed, the mossy fiber (MF) axons of dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs), has been understudied, and not in controlled conditions. Therefore, we evaluated MF BDNF protein in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Tg2576 and wild-type (WT) mice of both sexes were examined at 2-3 months of age, when amyloid-β (Aβ) is present in neurons but plaques are absent, and 11-20 months of age, after plaque accumulation. As shown previously, WT mice exhibited high levels of MF BDNF protein. Interestingly, there was no significant decline with age in either the genotype or sex. Notably, MF BDNF protein was correlated with GC ΔFosB, a transcription factor that increases after 1-2 weeks of elevated neuronal activity. We also report the novel finding that Aβ in GCs or the GC layer was minimal even at old ages. The results indicate that MF BDNF is stable in the Tg2576 mouse, and MF BDNF may remain unchanged due to increased GC neuronal activity, since BDNF expression is well known to be activity dependent. The resistance of GCs to long-term Aβ accumulation provides an opportunity to understand how to protect vulnerable neurons from increased Aβ levels and therefore has translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Criscuolo
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, NewYork University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Elissavet Chartampila
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, NewYork University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Psychiatry, NewYork University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, NewYork University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, NewYork University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, NewYork University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, NewYork University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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2
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Rungratanawanich W, Ballway JW, Wang X, Won KJ, Hardwick JP, Song BJ. Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins in epigenetic regulation and translational applications in alcohol-associated liver disease: Challenges and research opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108547. [PMID: 37838219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a process that takes place through adaptive cellular pathways influenced by environmental factors and metabolic changes to modulate gene activity with heritable phenotypic variations without altering the DNA sequences of many target genes. Epigenetic regulation can be facilitated by diverse mechanisms: many different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone and non-histone nuclear proteins, DNA methylation, altered levels of noncoding RNAs, incorporation of histone variants, nucleosomal positioning, chromatin remodeling, etc. These factors modulate chromatin structure and stability with or without the involvement of metabolic products, depending on the cellular context of target cells or environmental stimuli, such as intake of alcohol (ethanol) or Western-style high-fat diets. Alterations of epigenetics have been actively studied, since they are frequently associated with multiple disease states. Consequently, explorations of epigenetic regulation have recently shed light on the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-associated disorders. In this review, we highlight the roles of various types of PTMs, including less-characterized modifications of nuclear histone and non-histone proteins, in the epigenetic regulation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and other disorders. We also describe challenges in characterizing specific PTMs and suggest future opportunities for basic and translational research to prevent or treat ALD and many other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob W Ballway
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Criscuolo C, Chartampila E, Ginsberg SD, Scharfman HE. Stability of dentate gyrus granule cell mossy fiber BDNF protein expression with age and resistance of granule cells to Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in a mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539742. [PMID: 37214931 PMCID: PMC10197599 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important in development and maintenance of neurons and their plasticity. Hippocampal BDNF has been implicated Alzheimer's disease (AD) because hippocampal levels in AD patients and AD animal models are consistently downregulated, suggesting that reduced BDNF contributes to AD. However, the location where hippocampal BDNF protein is most highly expressed, the mossy fiber (MF) axons of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells (GCs), has been understudied, and never in controlled in vivo conditions. We examined MF BDNF protein in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Tg2576 and wild type (WT) mice of both sexes were examined at 2-3 months of age, when amyloid-β (Aβ) is present in neurons but plaques are absent, and 11-20 months of age, after plaque accumulation. As shown previously, WT mice exhibited high levels of MF BDNF protein. Interestingly, there was no significant decline with age in either genotype or sex. Notably, we found a correlation between MF BDNF protein and GC ΔFosB, a transcription factor that increases after 1-2 weeks of elevated neuronal activity. Remarkably, there was relatively little evidence of Aβ in GCs or the GC layer even at old ages. Results indicate MF BDNF is stable in the Tg2576 mouse, and MF BDNF may remain unchanged due to increased GC neuronal activity, since BDNF expression is well known to be activity-dependent. The resistance of GCs to long-term Aβ accumulation provides an opportunity to understand how to protect other vulnerable neurons from increased Aβ levels and therefore has translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Criscuolo
- Center for Dementia Research, the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elissavet Chartampila
- Center for Dementia Research, the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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4
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Giannopoulos PF, Praticò D. Retraction Note to: Overexpression of 5-Lipoxygenase Worsens the Phenotype of a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2970-2971. [PMID: 36823264 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip F Giannopoulos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, MERB, 947, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, MERB, 947, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Arutjunyan AV, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Kerkeshko GO, Zalozniaia IV. Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in the Effects of Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Functional State of Placenta and Nervous System Plasticity in the Offspring. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:435-456. [PMID: 37080931 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
According to modern view, susceptibility to diseases, specifically to cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, can form during embryonic development. Adverse factors affecting mother during the pregnancy increase the risk of developing pathologies. Despite the association between elevated maternal blood homocysteine (Hcy) and fetal brain impairments, as well as cognitive deficits in the offspring, the role of brain plasticity in the development of these pathologies remains poorly studied. Here, we review the data on the negative impact of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on the neural plasticity, in particular, its possible influence on the offspring brain plasticity through epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in intracellular methylation potential, activity of DNA methyltransferases, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression in brain cells. Since placenta plays a key role in the transport of nutrients and transmission of signals from mother to fetus, its dysfunction due to aberrant epigenetic regulation can affect the development of fetal CNS. The review also presents the data on the impact of maternal HHcy on the epigenetic regulation in the placenta. The data presented in the review are not only interesting from purely scientific point of view, but can help in understanding the role of HHcy and epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as pregnancy pathologies resulting in the delayed development of fetal brain, cognitive impairments in the offspring during childhood, and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders later in life, as well as in the search for approaches for their prevention using neuroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Yulia P Milyutina
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, 194100, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Shcherbitskaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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6
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Barnette BL, Yu Y, Ullrich RL, Emmett MR. Mitochondrial Effects in the Liver of C57BL/6 Mice by Low Dose, High Energy, High Charge Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111806. [PMID: 34769236 PMCID: PMC8584048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays are primarily composed of protons (85%), helium (14%), and high charge/high energy ions (HZEs) such as 56Fe, 28Si, and 16O. HZE exposure is a major risk factor for astronauts during deep-space travel due to the possibility of HZE-induced cancer. A systems biology integrated omics approach encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and functional biochemical assays was used to identify microenvironmental changes induced by HZE exposure. C57BL/6 mice were placed into six treatment groups and received the following irradiation treatments: 600 MeV/n 56Fe (0.2 Gy), 1 GeV/n 16O (0.2 Gy), 350 MeV/n 28Si (0.2 Gy), 137Cs (1.0 Gy) gamma rays, 137Cs (3.0 Gy) gamma rays, and sham irradiation. Left liver lobes were collected at 30, 60, 120, 270, and 360 days post-irradiation. Analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data utilizing ingenuity pathway analysis identified multiple pathways involved in mitochondrial function that were altered after HZE irradiation. Lipids also exhibited changes that were linked to mitochondrial function. Molecular assays for mitochondrial Complex I activity showed significant decreases in activity after HZE exposure. HZE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction suggests an increased risk for deep space travel. Microenvironmental and pathway analysis as performed in this research identified possible targets for countermeasures to mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Barnette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Robert L. Ullrich
- The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan;
| | - Mark R. Emmett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(409)-747-1943
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Nieraad H, Pannwitz N, de Bruin N, Geisslinger G, Till U. Hyperhomocysteinemia: Metabolic Role and Animal Studies with a Focus on Cognitive Performance and Decline-A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1546. [PMID: 34680179 PMCID: PMC8533891 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the one-carbon metabolism are often indicated by altered levels of the endogenous amino acid homocysteine (HCys), which is additionally discussed to causally contribute to diverse pathologies. In the first part of the present review, we profoundly and critically discuss the metabolic role and pathomechanisms of HCys, as well as its potential impact on different human disorders. The use of adequate animal models can aid in unravelling the complex pathological processes underlying the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Therefore, in the second part, we systematically searched PubMed/Medline for animal studies regarding HHCys and focused on the potential impact on cognitive performance and decline. The majority of reviewed studies reported a significant effect of HHCys on the investigated behavioral outcomes. Despite of persistent controversial discussions about equivocal findings, especially in clinical studies, the present evaluation of preclinical evidence indicates a causal link between HHCys and cognition-related- especially dementia-like disorders, and points out the further urge for large-scale, well-designed clinical studies in order to elucidate the normalization of HCys levels as a potential preventative or therapeutic approach in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Nina Pannwitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Mathis SP, Bodduluri SR, Haribabu B. Interrelationship between the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and microbial dysbiosis in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158982. [PMID: 34062254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder involving neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. The tau phosphorylation responsible for neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposition which causes plaques are both accelerated through the activity of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). In addition to these pathological pathways, 5-LO has also been linked to the neuro-inflammation associated with disease progression as well as to dysbiosis in the gut. Interestingly, gut dysbiosis itself has been correlated to AD development. Not only do gut metabolites have direct effects on the brain, but pro-inflammatory mediators such as LPS, BMAA and bacterial amyloids produced in the gut due to dysbiosis reach the brain causing increased neuro-inflammation. While microbial dysbiosis and 5-LO exert detrimental effects in the brain, the cause/effect relationship between these factors remain unknown. These issues may be addressed using mouse models of AD in the context of different knockout mice in the 5-LO pathway in specific pathogen-free, germ-free as well as gnotobiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Mathis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Sobha R Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
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Associations between vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine levels, and physical activity or cognitive capacity in older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12867. [PMID: 34145349 PMCID: PMC8213688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations between vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine levels, and physical activity or cognitive capacity in older adults. One hundred and six older adults (62 men, 44 women) within the age range of 56-81 years participated. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment were used to assess physical activity and cognitive function, respectively. Vitamin E (e.g., α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), oxidative stress markers (e.g., total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide), and total homocysteine were estimated. There were significant associations between physical activity (high versus moderate versus poor) and all biomarkers (all p = 0.000, and p = 0.010 for γ-tocopherol). While total homocysteine and total antioxidant capacity were significantly associated with cognitive capacity (p = 0.000), vitamin E levels (e.g., α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) and nitric oxide (p = 0.354, 0.103 and 0.060, respectively) were not related to cognitive capacity in older adults. This study concludes that physical activity was associated with Vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine, and cognitive capacity in older adults. Although cognitive capacity was associated with total homocysteine and total antioxidant capacity, it was unrelated to vitamin E levels and nitric oxide in older adults.
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10
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Braun DJ, Dimayuga E, Morganti JM, Van Eldik LJ. Microglial-associated responses to comorbid amyloid pathology and hyperhomocysteinemia in an aged knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:274. [PMID: 32943069 PMCID: PMC7499995 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood homocysteine levels, termed hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a prevalent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly populations. While dietary supplementation of B-vitamins is a generally effective method to lower homocysteine levels, there is little if any benefit to cognition. In the context of amyloid pathology, dietary-induced HHcy is known to enhance amyloid deposition and certain inflammatory responses. Little is known, however, about whether there is a more specific effect on microglia resulting from combined amyloid and HHcy pathologies. METHODS The present study used a knock-in mouse model of amyloidosis, aged to 12 months, given 8 weeks of B-vitamin deficiency-induced HHcy to better understand how microglia are affected in this comorbidity context. RESULTS We found that HHcy-inducing diet increased amyloid plaque burden, altered the neuroinflammatory milieu, and upregulated the expression of multiple damage-associated and "homeostatic" microglial genes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate complex effects of comorbid pathologies on microglial function that are not driven solely by increased amyloid burden. Given the highly dynamic nature of microglia, their central role in AD pathology, and the frequent occurrence of various comorbidities in AD patients, it is increasingly important to understand how microglia respond to mixed pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Edgardo Dimayuga
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Josh M Morganti
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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11
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Pi T, Liu B, Shi J. Abnormal Homocysteine Metabolism: An Insight of Alzheimer's Disease from DNA Methylation. Behav Neurol 2020; 2020:8438602. [PMID: 32963633 PMCID: PMC7495165 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8438602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system that has complex pathogenesis in the elderly. The current review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms of AD, according to the latest findings. One of the best-characterized chromatin modifications in epigenetic mechanisms is DNA methylation. Highly replicable data shows that AD occurrence is often accompanied by methylation level changes of the AD-related gene. Homocysteine (Hcy) is not only an intermediate product of one-carbon metabolism but also an important independent risk factor of AD; it can affect the cognitive function of the brain by changing the one-carbon metabolism and interfering with the DNA methylation process, resulting in cerebrovascular disease. In general, Hcy may be an environmental factor that affects AD via the DNA methylation pathway with a series of changes in AD-related substance. This review will concentrate on the relation between DNA methylation and Hcy and try to figure out their rule in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Pi
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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12
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Chen F, Ghosh A, Lin J, Zhang C, Pan Y, Thakur A, Singh K, Hong H, Tang S. 5-lipoxygenase pathway and its downstream cysteinyl leukotrienes as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:844-855. [PMID: 32222525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an enzyme involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, a metabolic pathway in which cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are the resultant metabolites. Both ALOX5 and CysLTs are clinically significant in a number of inflammatory diseases, such as in asthma and allergic rhinitis, and drugs antagonizing the effect of these molecules have long been successfully used to counter these diseases. Interestingly, recent advances in 'neuroinflammation' research has led to the discovery of several novel inflammatory pathways regulating many cerebral pathologies, including the ALOX5 pathway. By means of pharmacological and genetic studies, both ALOX5 and CysLTs receptors have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative/neurological diseases, such as in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. In both transgenic and sporadic models of AD, it has been shown that the levels of ALOX5/CysLTs are elevated, and that genetic/pharmacological interventions of these molecules can alleviate AD-related behavioral and pathological conditions. Clinical relevance of these molecules has also been found in AD brain samples. In this review, we aim to summarize such important findings on the role of ALOX5/CysLTs in AD pathophysiology, from both the cellular and the molecular aspects, and also discuss the potential of their blockers as possible therapeutic choices to curb AD-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingran Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunteng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Pan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kunal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1865-1872. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Lauretti E, Nenov M, Dincer O, Iuliano L, Praticò D. Extra virgin olive oil improves synaptic activity, short-term plasticity, memory, and neuropathology in a tauopathy model. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13076. [PMID: 31762202 PMCID: PMC6974729 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has accumulated supporting the health benefits of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Previous studies showed that EVOO supplementation improves Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐like amyloidotic phenotype of transgenic mice. However, while much attention has been focused on EVOO‐mediated modulation of Aβ processing, its direct influence on tau metabolism in vivo and synaptic function is still poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic supplementation of EVOO on the phenotype of a relevant mouse model of tauopathy, human transgenic tau mice (hTau). Starting at 6 months of age, hTau mice were fed chow diet supplemented with EVOO or vehicle for additional 6 months, and then the effect on their phenotype was assessed. At the end of the treatment, compared with control mice receiving EVOO displayed improved memory and cognition which was associated with increased basal synaptic activity and short‐term plasticity. This effect was accompanied by an upregulation of complexin 1, a key presynaptic protein. Moreover, EVOO treatment resulted in a significant reduction of tau oligomers and phosphorylated tau at specific epitopes. Our findings demonstrate that EVOO directly improves synaptic activity, short‐term plasticity, and memory while decreasing tau neuropathology in the hTau mice. These results strengthen the healthy benefits of EVOO and further support the therapeutic potential of this natural product not only for AD but also for primary tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lauretti
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Miroslav Nenov
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ozlem Dincer
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
- UOC Internal Medicine ICOT University Hospital Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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15
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Di Meco A, Li JG, Barrero C, Merali S, Praticò D. Elevated levels of brain homocysteine directly modulate the pathological phenotype of a mouse model of tauopathy. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1696-1706. [PMID: 29728702 PMCID: PMC6215750 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A high circulating level of homocysteine (Hcy), also known as hyperhomocysteinemia, is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies show that elevated Hcy promotes brain amyloidosis and behavioral deficits in mouse models of AD. However, whether it directly modulates the development of tau neuropathology independently of amyloid beta in vivo is unknown. Herein, we investigate the effect of diet-induced elevated levels of brain Hcy on the phenotype of a relevant mouse model of human tauopathy. Compared with controls, tau mice fed with low folate and B vitamins diet had a significant increase in brain Hcy levels and worsening of behavioral deficits. The same mice had a significant elevation of tau phosphorylation, synaptic pathology, and astrocytes activation. In vitro studies demonstrated that Hcy effect on tau phosphorylation was mediated by an upregulation of 5-lipoxygenase via cdk5 kinase pathway activation. Our findings support the novel concept that high Hcy level in the central nervous system is a metabolic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, specifically characterized by the progressive accumulation of tau pathology, namely tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Meco
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Carlos Barrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the quest for understanding the pathophysiological processes underlying degeneration of nervous systems, synapses are emerging as sites of great interest as synaptic dysfunction is thought to play a role in the initiation and progression of neuronal loss. In particular, the synapse is an interesting target for the effects of epigenetic mechanisms in neurodegeneration. Here, we review the recent advances on epigenetic mechanisms driving synaptic compromise in major neurodegenerative disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Major developments in sequencing technologies enabled the mapping of transcriptomic patterns in human postmortem brain tissues in various neurodegenerative diseases, and also in cell and animal models. These studies helped identify changes in classical neurodegeneration pathways and discover novel targets related to synaptic degeneration. Identifying epigenetic patterns indicative of synaptic defects prior to neuronal degeneration may provide the basis for future breakthroughs in the field of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Xylaki
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedict Atzler
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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17
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Di Meco A, Li JG, Praticò D. Dissecting the Role of 5-Lipoxygenase in the Homocysteine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1337-1344. [PMID: 29254095 PMCID: PMC5869997 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects over 40 million patients around the world and poses a huge economic burden on society since no effective therapy is available yet. While the cause(s) for the most common sporadic form of the disease are still obscure, lifestyle and different environmental factors have emerged as modulators of AD susceptibility. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY), a condition of high circulating levels of homocysteine, is an independent but modifiable risk factor for AD. Studies in AD mouse models have linked HHCY with memory impairment, amyloidosis, tau pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. However, the exact mechanism by which HHCY affects AD pathogenesis is unclear. The 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) is a protein upregulated in postmortem AD brains and plays a functional role in AD pathogenesis. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that HHCY effects on amyloid-β and tau pathology, synapse and memory impairments are dependent on the activation of the 5LO enzymatic pathway, since its genetic absence or pharmacological inhibition prevents them. HHCY induces 5LO gene upregulation by lowering the methylation of its promoter, which results in increased translation and transcription of its mRNA. Based on these findings, we propose that epigenetic modification of 5LO represents the missing biological link between HHCY and AD pathogenesis, and for this reason it represents a viable therapeutic target to prevent AD development in individuals bearing this risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Meco
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Smith AD, Refsum H, Bottiglieri T, Fenech M, Hooshmand B, McCaddon A, Miller JW, Rosenberg IH, Obeid R. Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:561-570. [PMID: 29480200 PMCID: PMC5836397 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Identification of modifiable risk factors provides a crucial approach to the prevention of dementia. Nutritional or nutrient-dependent risk factors are especially important because dietary modifications or use of dietary supplements may lower the risk factor level. One such risk factor is a raised concentration of the biomarker plasma total homocysteine, which reflects the functional status of three B vitamins (folate, vitamins B12, B6). A group of experts reviewed literature evidence from the last 20 years. We here present a Consensus Statement, based on the Bradford Hill criteria, and conclude that elevated plasma total homocysteine is a modifiable risk factor for development of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease in older persons. In a variety of clinical studies, the relative risk of dementia in elderly people for moderately raised homocysteine (within the normal range) ranges from 1.15 to 2.5, and the Population Attributable risk ranges from 4.3 to 31%. Intervention trials in elderly with cognitive impairment show that homocysteine-lowering treatment with B vitamins markedly slows the rate of whole and regional brain atrophy and also slows cognitive decline. The findings are consistent with moderately raised plasma total homocysteine (>11 μmol/L), which is common in the elderly, being one of the causes of age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Thus, the public health significance of raised tHcy in the elderly should not be underestimated, since it is easy, inexpensive, and safe to treat with B vitamins. Further trials are needed to see whether B vitamin treatment will slow, or prevent, conversion to dementia in people at risk of cognitive decline or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A David Smith
- OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide BC, SA, Australia
| | - Babak Hooshmand
- Aging Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew McCaddon
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Gwenfro Units 6/7, Wrexham, UK
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Irwin H Rosenberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Germany
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19
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Giannopoulos PF, Chiu J, Praticò D. Learning Impairments, Memory Deficits, and Neuropathology in Aged Tau Transgenic Mice Are Dependent on Leukotrienes Biosynthesis: Role of the cdk5 Kinase Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:1211-1220. [PMID: 29881943 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the leukotrienes pathway is increased in human tauopathy and that its manipulation may modulate the onset and development of the pathological phenotype of tau transgenic mice. However, whether interfering with leukotrienes biosynthesis is beneficial after the behavioral deficits and the neuropathology have fully developed in these mice is not known. To test this hypothesis, aged tau transgenic mice were randomized to receive zileuton, a specific leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor, or vehicle starting at 12 months of age for 16 weeks and then assessed in their functional and pathological phenotype. Compared with baseline, we observed that untreated tau mice had a worsening of their memory and spatial learning. By contrast, tau mice treated with zileuton had a reversal of these deficits and behaved in an undistinguishable manner from wild-type mice. Leukotriene-inhibited tau mice had an amelioration of synaptic integrity, lower levels of neuroinflammation, and a significant reduction in tau phosphorylation and pathology, which was secondary to an involvement of the cdk5 kinase pathway. Taken together, our findings represent the first demonstration that the leukotriene biosynthesis is functionally involved at the later stages of the tau pathological phenotype and represents an ideal target with viable therapeutic potential for treating human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip F Giannopoulos
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Scott Richards North Star Foundation Chair, Alzheimer's Research, Temple University, 947, Medical Education and Research Building, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jian Chiu
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Scott Richards North Star Foundation Chair, Alzheimer's Research, Temple University, 947, Medical Education and Research Building, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Scott Richards North Star Foundation Chair, Alzheimer's Research, Temple University, 947, Medical Education and Research Building, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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20
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Giannopoulos PF, Chiu J, Praticò D. Antileukotriene therapy by reducing tau phosphorylation improves synaptic integrity and cognition of P301S transgenic mice. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12759. [PMID: 29607621 PMCID: PMC5946065 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5‐lipoxygenase (5LO) is a source of inflammatory leukotrienes and is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. However, whether it directly modulates tau phosphorylation and the development of its typical neuropathology in the absence of Aβ or is a secondary event during the course of the disease pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect that pharmacologic blockade of this inflammatory pathway has on the phenotype of a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy, the P301S mice. Starting at 3 months of age, P301S mice were randomized to receive zileuton, a specific 5LO blocker, for 7 months; then, its effect on their behavioral deficits and neuropathology was assessed. Inhibition of leukotrienes formation was associated with a reduction in tau phosphorylation and an amelioration of memory and learning as well as synaptic integrity, which were secondary to a downregulation of the cdk5 kinase pathway. Our results demonstrate that the 5LO enzyme is a key player in modulating tau phosphorylation and pathology and that blockade of its enzymatic activity represents a desirable disease‐modifying therapeutic approach for tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip F. Giannopoulos
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple; Lewis Katz Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jian Chiu
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple; Lewis Katz Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple; Lewis Katz Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
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21
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Smith AD, Refsum H, Bottiglieri T, Fenech M, Hooshmand B, McCaddon A, Miller JW, Rosenberg IH, Obeid R. Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement. J Alzheimers Dis 2018. [PMID: 29480200 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171042.pmid:29480200;pmcid:pmc5836397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Identification of modifiable risk factors provides a crucial approach to the prevention of dementia. Nutritional or nutrient-dependent risk factors are especially important because dietary modifications or use of dietary supplements may lower the risk factor level. One such risk factor is a raised concentration of the biomarker plasma total homocysteine, which reflects the functional status of three B vitamins (folate, vitamins B12, B6). A group of experts reviewed literature evidence from the last 20 years. We here present a Consensus Statement, based on the Bradford Hill criteria, and conclude that elevated plasma total homocysteine is a modifiable risk factor for development of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease in older persons. In a variety of clinical studies, the relative risk of dementia in elderly people for moderately raised homocysteine (within the normal range) ranges from 1.15 to 2.5, and the Population Attributable risk ranges from 4.3 to 31%. Intervention trials in elderly with cognitive impairment show that homocysteine-lowering treatment with B vitamins markedly slows the rate of whole and regional brain atrophy and also slows cognitive decline. The findings are consistent with moderately raised plasma total homocysteine (>11 μmol/L), which is common in the elderly, being one of the causes of age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Thus, the public health significance of raised tHcy in the elderly should not be underestimated, since it is easy, inexpensive, and safe to treat with B vitamins. Further trials are needed to see whether B vitamin treatment will slow, or prevent, conversion to dementia in people at risk of cognitive decline or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A David Smith
- OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide BC, SA, Australia
| | - Babak Hooshmand
- Aging Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew McCaddon
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Gwenfro Units 6/7, Wrexham, UK
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Irwin H Rosenberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Germany
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22
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Lauretti E, Praticò D. Effect of canola oil consumption on memory, synapse and neuropathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17134. [PMID: 29215028 PMCID: PMC5719422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years consumption of canola oil has increased due to lower cost compared with olive oil and the perception that it shares its health benefits. However, no data are available on the effect of canola oil intake on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Herein, we investigated the effect of chronic daily consumption of canola oil on the phenotype of a mouse model of AD that develops both plaques and tangles (3xTg). To this end mice received either regular chow or a chow diet supplemented with canola oil for 6 months. At this time point we found that chronic exposure to the canola-rich diet resulted in a significant increase in body weight and impairments in their working memory together with decrease levels of post-synaptic density protein-95, a marker of synaptic integrity, and an increase in the ratio of insoluble Aβ 42/40. No significant changes were observed in tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammation. Taken together, our findings do not support a beneficial effect of chronic canola oil consumption on two important aspects of AD pathophysiology which includes memory impairments as well as synaptic integrity. While more studies are needed, our data do not justify the current trend aimed at replacing olive oil with canola oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lauretti
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Department of Pharmacology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Department of Pharmacology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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23
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Lauretti E, Iuliano L, Praticò D. Extra-virgin olive oil ameliorates cognition and neuropathology of the 3xTg mice: role of autophagy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:564-574. [PMID: 28812046 PMCID: PMC5553230 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a major component of the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms involved in this protective action remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS Herein, we investigated the effect of daily consumption of EVOO on the AD-like phenotype of a mouse mode of the disease with plaques and tangles. RESULTS Triple transgenic mice (3xTg) received either regular chow or a chow diet supplemented with EVOO starting at 6 months of age for 6 months, then assessed for the effect of the diet on the AD-like neuropathology and behavioral changes. Compared with controls, mice receiving the EVOO-rich diet had an amelioration of their behavioral deficits, and a significant increase in the steady state levels of synaptophysin, a protein marker of synaptic integrity. In addition, they had a significant reduction in insoluble Aβ peptide levels and deposition, lower amount of phosphorylated tau protein at specific epitopes, which were secondary to an activation of cell autophagy. INTERPRETATION Taken together, our findings support a beneficial effect of EVOO consumption on all major features of the AD phenotype (behavioral deficits, synaptic pathology, Aβ and tau neuropathology), and demonstrate that autophagy activation is the mechanism underlying these biological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lauretti
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology Sapienza University of Roma Latina 04100 Italy
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19140
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