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Bae C, Hernández Millares R, Ryu S, Moon H, Kim D, Lee G, Jiang Z, Park MH, Kim KH, Koom WS, Ye SJ, Lee K. Synergistic Effect of Ferroptosis-Inducing Nanoparticles and X-Ray Irradiation Combination Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310873. [PMID: 38279618 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, characterized by the induction of cell death via lipid peroxidation, has been actively studied over the last few years and has shown the potential to improve the efficacy of cancer nanomedicine in an iron-dependent manner. Radiation therapy, a common treatment method, has limitations as a stand-alone treatment due to radiation resistance and safety as it affects even normal tissues. Although ferroptosis-inducing drugs help alleviate radiation resistance, there are no safe ferroptosis-inducing drugs that can be considered for clinical application and are still in the research stage. Here, the effectiveness of combined treatment with radiotherapy with Fe and hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles (FHA-NPs) to directly induce ferroptosis, considering the clinical applications is reported. Through the induction of ferroptosis by FHA-NPs and apoptosis by X-ray irradiation, the therapeutic efficiency of cancer is greatly improved both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to assess the physical interactions of the X-rays with the iron-oxide nanoparticle. The study provides a deeper understanding of the synergistic effect of ferroptosis and X-ray irradiation combination therapy. Furthermore, the study can serve as a valuable reference for elucidating the role and mechanisms of ferroptosis in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Bae
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodrigo Hernández Millares
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Ryu
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Moon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubok Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhuomin Jiang
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Park
- THEDONEE, 1208, 156, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16506, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sub Koom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Ye
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kowaltowski AJ, Abdulkader F. How and when to measure mitochondrial inner membrane potentials. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00176-0. [PMID: 38454598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The scientific literature on mitochondria has increased significantly over the years due to findings that these organelles have widespread roles in the onset and progression of pathological conditions such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Researchers have extensively explored how mitochondrial properties and functions are modified in different models, often using fluorescent inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) probes to assess functional mitochondrial aspects such as protonmotive force and oxidative phosphorylation. This review provides an overview of existing techniques to measure ΔpH and ΔΨm, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and applications. It discusses drawbacks of ΔΨm probes, especially when used without calibration, and conditions where alternative methods should replace ΔΨm measurements for the benefit of the specific scientific objectives entailed. Studies investigating mitochondria and their vast biological roles would be significantly advanced by the understanding of the correct applications as well as limitations of protonmotive force measurements and use of fluorescent ΔΨm probes, adopting more precise, artifact-free, sensitive, and quantitative measurements of mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Rodrigues RB, de Oliveira MM, Garcia FP, Ueda-Nakamura T, de Oliveira Silva S, Nakamura CV. Dithiothreitol reduces oxidative stress and necrosis caused by ultraviolet A radiation in L929 fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:271-284. [PMID: 38305951 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation, present in sunlight, can induce cell redox imbalance leading to cellular damage and even cell death, compromising skin health. Here, we evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and photochemoprotective effect of dithiothreitol (DTT). DTT neutralized the free radicals 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), and superoxide anion (O2·-) in in vitro assays, as well as the ferric ion (Fe3+) in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. We also evaluated the effect of DTT pre-treatment in L929 dermal fibroblasts and DTT (50 and 100 µM) led to greater cell viability following UVA-irradiation compared to cells that were untreated. Furthermore, the pre-treatment of cells with DTT prevented the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, and DNA condensation, as well as the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), that occurred following irradiation in untreated cells. The endogenous antioxidant system of cells was also improved in irradiated cells that were DTT pre-treated compared to the untreated cells, as the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes remained as high as non-irradiated cells, while the activity levels were depleted in the untreated irradiated cells. Furthermore, DTT reduced necrosis in UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. Together, these results showed that DTT may have promising use in the prevention of skin photoaging and photodamage induced by UVA, as it provided photochemoprotection against the harmful effects of this radiation, reducing oxidative stress and cell death, due mainly to its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bufollo Rodrigues
- Biological Sciences Post-graduation Program, Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, n. 5790, Zona 7, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Francielle Pelegrin Garcia
- Biological Sciences Post-graduation Program, Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, n. 5790, Zona 7, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-graduation Program, Maringá State University, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Biological Sciences Post-graduation Program, Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, n. 5790, Zona 7, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-graduation Program, Maringá State University, Maringá, Brazil.
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Razali NSC, Lam KW, Rajab NF, Jamal ARA, Kamaludin NF, Chan KM. Curcumin piperidone derivatives induce caspase-dependent apoptosis and suppress miRNA-21 expression in LN-18 human glioblastoma cells. Genes Environ 2024; 46:4. [PMID: 38303058 PMCID: PMC10832295 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have reported on the two curcuminoid analogues with piperidone derivatives, namely FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 have more potent anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects than curcumin. In this study, we further investigated the mode of cell death and the mechanism involved in the cell death process induced by these analogues on human glioblastoma LN-18 cells. RESULTS The FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 curcuminoid analogues induced LN-18 cell death through apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner following 24 h of treatment. These analogues induced apoptosis in LN-18 cells through significant loss of mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as early as 1-hour of treatment. Interestingly, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment did not abolish the apoptosis induced by these analogues, further confirming the cell death process is independent of ROS. However, the apoptosis induced by the analogues is caspases-dependent, whereby pan-caspase pretreatment inhibited the curcuminoid analogues-induced apoptosis. The apoptotic cell death progressed with the activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9, which eventually led to the activation of caspase-3, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Moreover, the existing over-expression of miRNA-21 in LN-18 cells was suppressed following treatment with both analogues, which suggested the down-regulation of the miRNA-21 facilitates the cell death process. CONCLUSION The FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 curcuminoid analogues downregulate the miRNA-21 expression and induce extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in LN-18 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahirah Che Razali
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Health Ageing and Wellness Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - A Rahman A Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farahana Kamaludin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
- Product Stewardship and Toxicology, Group Health, Safety and Environment (GHSE), Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Kuala Lumpur, 50088, Malaysia.
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Sleiman A, Lalanne K, Vianna F, Perrot Y, Richaud M, SenGupta T, Cardot-Martin M, Pedini P, Picard C, Nilsen H, Galas S, Adam-Guillermin C. Targeted Central Nervous System Irradiation with Proton Microbeam Induces Mitochondrial Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:839. [PMID: 37372124 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Fifty percent of all patients with cancer worldwide require radiotherapy. In the case of brain tumors, despite the improvement in the precision of radiation delivery with proton therapy, studies have shown structural and functional changes in the brains of treated patients with protons. The molecular pathways involved in generating these effects are not completely understood. In this context, we analyzed the impact of proton exposure in the central nervous system area of Caenorhabditis elegans with a focus on mitochondrial function, which is potentially implicated in the occurrence of radiation-induced damage. To achieve this objective, the nematode C. elegans were micro-irradiated with 220 Gy of protons (4 MeV) in the nerve ring (head region) using the proton microbeam, MIRCOM. Our results show that protons induce mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by an immediate dose-dependent loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) associated with oxidative stress 24 h after irradiation, which is itself characterized by the induction of the antioxidant proteins in the targeted region, observed using SOD-1::GFP and SOD-3::GFP strains. Moreover, we demonstrated a two-fold increase in the mtDNA copy number in the targeted region 24 h after irradiation. In addition, using the GFP::LGG-1 strain, an induction of autophagy in the irradiated region was observed 6 h following the irradiation, which is associated with the up-regulation of the gene expression of pink-1 (PTEN-induced kinase) and pdr-1 (C. elegans parkin homolog). Furthermore, our data showed that micro-irradiation of the nerve ring region did not impact the whole-body oxygen consumption 24 h following the irradiation. These results indicate a global mitochondrial dysfunction in the irradiated region following proton exposure. This provides a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in radiation-induced side effects and may help in finding new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sleiman
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Kévin Lalanne
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - François Vianna
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Yann Perrot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LDRI, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Myriam Richaud
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Tanima SenGupta
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Mikaël Cardot-Martin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascal Pedini
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Hilde Nilsen
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Galas
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Begum HM, Shen K. Intracellular and microenvironmental regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1595. [PMID: 36597256 PMCID: PMC10176868 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have an abnormally high mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ), which is associated with enhanced invasive properties in vitro and increased metastases in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the abnormal ΔΨm in cancer cells remain unclear. Research on different cell types has shown that ΔΨm is regulated by various intracellular mechanisms such as by mitochondrial inner and outer membrane ion transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and biochemical signaling pathways. On the other hand, the role of extrinsic, tumor microenvironment (TME) derived cues in regulating ΔΨm is not well defined. In this review, we first summarize the existing literature on intercellular mechanisms of ΔΨm regulation, with a focus on cancer cells. We then offer our perspective on the different ways through which the microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia and mechanical stresses may regulate cancer cell ΔΨm . This article is categorized under: Cancer > Environmental Factors Cancer > Biomedical Engineering Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hydari Masuma Begum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- USC Stem Cell, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Yalamanchili K, Afzal N, Boyman L, Mannella CA, Lederer WJ, Jafri MS. Understanding the Dynamics of the Transient and Permanent Opening Events of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore with a Novel Stochastic Model. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:494. [PMID: 35629820 PMCID: PMC9146742 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a non-selective pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) which causes depolarization when it opens under conditions of oxidative stress and high concentrations of Ca2+. In this study, a stochastic computational model was developed to better understand the dynamics of mPTP opening and closing associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes. The data modeled are from "photon stress" experiments in which the fluorescent dye TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) is both the source of ROS (induced by laser light) and sensor of the electrical potential difference across the IMM. Monte Carlo methods were applied to describe opening and closing of the pore along with the Hill Equation to account for the effect of ROS levels on the transition probabilities. The amplitude distribution of transient mPTP opening events, the number of transient mPTP opening events per minute in a cell, the time it takes for recovery after transient depolarizations in the mitochondria, and the change in TMRM fluorescence during the transition from transient to permanent mPTP opening events were analyzed. The model suggests that mPTP transient open times have an exponential distribution that are reflected in TMRM fluorescence. A second multiple pore model in which individual channels have no permanent open state suggests that 5-10 mPTP per mitochondria would be needed for sustained mitochondrial depolarization at elevated ROS with at least 1 mPTP in the transient open state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertana Yalamanchili
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (K.Y.); (N.A.)
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA 22312, USA
| | - Nasrin Afzal
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (K.Y.); (N.A.)
| | - Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.B.); (C.A.M.); (W.J.L.)
| | - Carmen A. Mannella
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.B.); (C.A.M.); (W.J.L.)
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.B.); (C.A.M.); (W.J.L.)
| | - M. Saleet Jafri
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA 22312, USA
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Mahmoud AS, Abu Bakar MZ, Hamzah H, Tengkue Ahmad TA, Mohd Noor MH. Octreotide acetate enhanced radio sensitivity and induced apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cell line. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mukherjee S, Dutta A, Chakraborty A. The cross-talk between Bax, Bcl2, caspases, and DNA damage in bystander HepG2 cells is regulated by γ-radiation dose and time of conditioned media transfer. Apoptosis 2022; 27:184-205. [PMID: 35076828 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been broadly explored in various biological systems, the molecular mechanisms and the consequences of different regulatory factors (dose, time, cell type) on bystander responses are not clearly understood. This study investigates the effects of irradiated cell-conditioned media (ICCM) collected at different times post-irradiation on bystander cancer cells regarding DNA damage and apoptosis induction. Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were exposed to γ-ray doses of 2 Gy, 5 Gy, and 8 Gy. In the early and late stages (1 h, 2 h, and 24 h) after irradiation, the ICCM was collected and transferred to unirradiated cells. Compared to control, bystander cells showed an increased level of H2AX phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and elevation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway mediators such as p53, Bax, cas9, cas-3, and PARP cleavage. These results were confirmed by phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and scanning electron microscopic observations, suggesting a rise in bystander HepG2 cell apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic Bcl2-level and viability were lower in bystander cells compared to control. The highest effects were observed in 8 Gy γ radiation-induced bystander cells. Even though the bystander effect was persistent at all time points of the study, ICCM at the early time points (1 or 2 h) had the most significant impact on the apoptosis markers in bystander cells. Nevertheless, 24 h ICCM induced the highest increase in H2AX and p53 phosphorylation and Bax levels. The effects of ICCM of irradiated HepG2 cells were additionally studied in normal liver cells BRL-3A to simulate actual radiotherapy conditions. The outcomes suggest that the expression of the signaling mediators in bystander cells is highly dynamic. A cross-talk between those signaling mediators regulates bystander responses depending on the radiation dose and time of incubation post-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Block-LB, Plot-8, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 106, India.
| | - Anindita Dutta
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Block-LB, Plot-8, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 106, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Block-LB, Plot-8, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 106, India
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Pouget JP. Basics of radiobiology. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Pouget JP, Constanzo J. Revisiting the Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:692436. [PMID: 34386508 PMCID: PMC8353448 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.692436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) using alpha particle-emitting radionuclides is in the spotlight after the approval of 223RaCl2 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and the development of several alpha emitter-based radiopharmaceuticals. It is acknowledged that alpha particles are highly cytotoxic because they produce complex DNA lesions. Hence, the nucleus is considered their critical target, and many studies did not report any effect in other subcellular compartments. Moreover, their physical features, including their range in tissues (<100 μm) and their linear energy transfer (50–230 keV/μm), are well-characterized. Theoretically, TAT is indicated for very small-volume, disseminated tumors (e.g., micrometastases, circulating tumor cells). Moreover, due to their high cytotoxicity, alpha particles should be preferred to beta particles and X-rays to overcome radiation resistance. However, clinical studies showed that TAT might be efficient also in quite large tumors, and biological effects have been observed also away from irradiated cells. These distant effects are called bystander effects when occurring at short distance (<1 mm), and systemic effects when occurring at much longer distance. Systemic effects implicate the immune system. These findings showed that cells can die without receiving any radiation dose, and that a more complex and integrated view of radiobiology is required. This includes the notion that the direct, bystander and systemic responses cannot be dissociated because DNA damage is intimately linked to bystander effects and immune response. Here, we provide a brief overview of the paradigms that need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Constanzo
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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14
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Rudigkeit S, Reindl JB, Matejka N, Ramson R, Sammer M, Dollinger G, Reindl J. CeCILE - An Artificial Intelligence Based Cell-Detection for the Evaluation of Radiation Effects in Eucaryotic Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688333. [PMID: 34277433 PMCID: PMC8278143 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental basis in the development of novel radiotherapy methods is in-vitro cellular studies. To assess different endpoints of cellular reactions to irradiation like proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and cell death, several assays are used in radiobiological research as standard methods. For example, colony forming assay investigates cell survival and Caspase3/7-Sytox assay cell death. The major limitation of these assays is the analysis at a fixed timepoint after irradiation. Thus, not much is known about the reactions before or after the assay is performed. Additionally, these assays need special treatments, which influence cell behavior and health. In this study, a completely new method is proposed to tackle these challenges: A deep-learning algorithm called CeCILE (Cell Classification and In-vitro Lifecycle Evaluation), which is used to detect and analyze cells on videos obtained from phase-contrast microscopy. With this method, we can observe and analyze the behavior and the health conditions of single cells over several days after treatment, up to a sample size of 100 cells per image frame. To train CeCILE, we built a dataset by labeling cells on microscopic images and assign class labels to each cell, which define the cell states in the cell cycle. After successful training of CeCILE, we irradiated CHO-K1 cells with 4 Gy protons, imaged them for 2 days by a microscope equipped with a live-cell-imaging set-up, and analyzed the videos by CeCILE and by hand. From analysis, we gained information about cell numbers, cell divisions, and cell deaths over time. We could show that similar results were achieved in the first proof of principle compared with colony forming and Caspase3/7-Sytox assays in this experiment. Therefore, CeCILE has the potential to assess the same endpoints as state-of-the-art assays but gives extra information about the evolution of cell numbers, cell state, and cell cycle. Additionally, CeCILE will be extended to track individual cells and their descendants throughout the whole video to follow the behavior of each cell and the progeny after irradiation. This tracking method is capable to put radiobiologic research to the next level to obtain a better understanding of the cellular reactions to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rudigkeit
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
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15
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Constanzo J, Faget J, Ursino C, Badie C, Pouget JP. Radiation-Induced Immunity and Toxicities: The Versatility of the cGAS-STING Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680503. [PMID: 34079557 PMCID: PMC8165314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, radiation therapy (RT) entered the era of personalized medicine, following the striking improvements in radiation delivery and treatment planning optimization, and in the understanding of the cancer response, including the immunological response. The next challenge is to identify the optimal radiation regimen(s) to induce a clinically relevant anti-tumor immunity response. Organs at risks and the tumor microenvironment (e.g. endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts) often limit the radiation regimen effects due to adverse toxicities. Here, we reviewed how RT can modulate the immune response involved in the tumor control and side effects associated with inflammatory processes. Moreover, we discussed the versatile roles of tumor microenvironment components during RT, how the innate immune sensing of RT-induced genotoxicity, through the cGAS-STING pathway, might link the anti-tumor immune response, radiation-induced necrosis and radiation-induced fibrosis, and how a better understanding of the switch between favorable and deleterious events might help to define innovative approaches to increase RT benefits in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Constanzo
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Faget
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Ursino
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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16
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Kell DB. A protet-based, protonic charge transfer model of energy coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:1-177. [PMID: 34147184 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Textbooks of biochemistry will explain that the otherwise endergonic reactions of ATP synthesis can be driven by the exergonic reactions of respiratory electron transport, and that these two half-reactions are catalyzed by protein complexes embedded in the same, closed membrane. These views are correct. The textbooks also state that, according to the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis, a (or the) kinetically and thermodynamically competent intermediate linking the two half-reactions is the electrochemical difference of protons that is in equilibrium with that between the two bulk phases that the coupling membrane serves to separate. This gradient consists of a membrane potential term Δψ and a pH gradient term ΔpH, and is known colloquially as the protonmotive force or pmf. Artificial imposition of a pmf can drive phosphorylation, but only if the pmf exceeds some 150-170mV; to achieve in vivo rates the imposed pmf must reach 200mV. The key question then is 'does the pmf generated by electron transport exceed 200mV, or even 170mV?' The possibly surprising answer, from a great many kinds of experiment and sources of evidence, including direct measurements with microelectrodes, indicates it that it does not. Observable pH changes driven by electron transport are real, and they control various processes; however, compensating ion movements restrict the Δψ component to low values. A protet-based model, that I outline here, can account for all the necessary observations, including all of those inconsistent with chemiosmotic coupling, and provides for a variety of testable hypotheses by which it might be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative, Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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17
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Supawat B, Homnuan P, Kanthawong N, Semrasa N, Tima S, Kothan S, Udomtanakunchai C, Tungjai M. Different responses of normal cells (red blood cells) and cancer cells (K562 and K562/Dox cells) to low-dose 137Cs gamma-rays. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:74. [PMID: 33680462 PMCID: PMC7922799 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose radiation is deleterious to cells or tissues. However, the health risks of exposure to low-dose radiation remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the biological responses of low-dose gamma-ray in vitro exposure to normal red blood cells (RBCs) and erythroleukemia (K562 and K562/Dox) cancer cells. Cells were given a low dose of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1 mGy of 137Cs gamma-rays (at a dose rate of 0.001 Gy/min) under in vitro conditions. Cells exposed to 0 Gy served as controls. Hemolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in exposed RBCs following exposure to low-dose gamma-rays. In addition, complete blood count (CBC) parameters were determined in irradiated whole blood. For irradiated K562 and K562/Dox cancer cells, ROS and mitochondrial activity were measured at 0, 30, 60 and 120 post-irradiation times. The results showed no change in the percentage of ROS and hemolysis in irradiated RBCs. The data indicated no perturbation in the CBC parameters in irradiated whole blood. By contrast, statistically significant dose-dependent increases in the percentage of ROS and decreases in the mitochondrial activity in the K562 and K562/Dox cancer cells were observed from 0 min up to 120 min post-irradiation. These findings concluded that there were differences in biological responses in normal cells (RBCs) and cancer cells (K562 and K562/Dox) to low-dose gamma-rays when cells were irradiated under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamaporn Supawat
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panumas Homnuan
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthawan Kanthawong
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Niyada Semrasa
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Singkome Tima
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence to: Dr Montree Tungjai, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Building 2, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sripoom, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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18
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Tackenberg H, Möller S, Filippi MD, Laskay T. The Small GTPase Cdc42 Negatively Regulates the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps by Engaging Mitochondria. Front Immunol 2021; 12:564720. [PMID: 33679729 PMCID: PMC7925625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.564720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes represent the first line of defense against invading pathogens. In addition to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species, degranulation, and phagocytosis, these specialized cells are able to extrude Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Extensive work was done to elucidate the mechanism of this special form of cell death. However, the exact mechanisms are still not fully uncovered. Here we demonstrate that the small GTPase Cdc42 is a negative regulator of NET formation in primary human and murine neutrophils. We present a functional role for Cdc42 activity in NET formation that differs from the already described NETosis pathways. We show that Cdc42 deficiency induces NETs independent of the NADPH-oxidase but dependent on protein kinase C. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cdc42 deficiency induces NETosis through activation of SK-channels and that mitochondria play a crucial role in this process. Our data therefore suggests a mechanistic role for Cdc42 activity in primary human neutrophils, and identify Cdc42 activity as a target to modulate the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tackenberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sonja Möller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Kaminaga K, Hamada R, Usami N, Suzuki K, Yokoya A. Targeted Nuclear Irradiation with an X-Ray Microbeam Enhances Total JC-1 Fluorescence from Mitochondria. Radiat Res 2020; 194:511-518. [PMID: 33045074 DOI: 10.1667/rr15110.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are critically involved in the pleiotropic manifestation of radiation effects. While conventional whole-cell irradiation compromises the function of mitochondria, the effects of subcellular targeted radiation are not yet fully understood. In this study, normal human diploid cells with cell-cycle indicators were irradiated using a synchrotron X-ray microbeam, and mitochondrial membrane potential was quantified by JC-1 over the 72-h period postirradiation. Cytoplasmic irradiation was observed to temporarily enlarge the mitochondrial area with high membrane potential, while the total mitochondrial area did not change significantly. Unexpectedly, cell-nucleus irradiation promoted a similar increase not only in the mitochondrial areas with high membrane potential, but also in those with low membrane potential, which gave rise to the apparent increase in the total mitochondrial area. Augmentation of the mitochondrial area with low membrane potential was predominantly observed among G1 cells, suggesting that nucleus irradiation during the G1 phase regulated the mitochondrial dynamics of the cytoplasm, presumably through DNA damage in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Kaminaga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Noriko Usami
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Structure Sciences, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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20
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Vukmirovic D, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Reprint of: Deciphering and simulating models of radiation genotoxicity with CRISPR/Cas9 systems. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 785:108318. [PMID: 32800271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This short review explores the utility and applications of CRISPR/Cas9 systems in radiobiology. Specifically, in the context of experimentally simulating genotoxic effects of Ionizing Radiation (IR) to determine the contributions from DNA targets and 'Complex Double-Stranded Breaks' (complex DSBs) to the IR response. To elucidate this objective, this review considers applications of CRISPR/Cas9 on nuclear DNA targets to recognize the respective 'nucleocentric' response. The article also highlights contributions from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - an often under-recognized target in radiobiology. This objective requires accurate experimental simulation of IR-like effects and parameters with the CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Therefore, the role of anti-CRISPR proteins in modulating enzyme activity to simulate dose rate - an important factor in radiobiology experiments is an important topic of this review. The applications of auxiliary domains on the Cas9 nuclease to simulate oxidative base damage and multiple stressor experiments are also topics of discussion. Ultimately, incorporation of CRISPR/Cas9 experiments into computational parameters in radiobiology models of IR damage and shortcomings to the technology are discussed as well. Altogether, the simulation of IR parameters and lack of damage to non-DNA targets in the CRISPR/Cas9 system lends this rapidly emerging tool as an effective model of IR induced DNA damage. Therefore, this literature review ultimately considers the relevance of complex DSBs to radiobiology with respect to using the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an effective experimental tool in models of IR induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Vukmirovic
- McMaster University, Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Colin Seymour
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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21
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Vukmirovic D, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Deciphering and simulating models of radiation genotoxicity with CRISPR/Cas9 systems. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108298. [PMID: 32386748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This short review explores the utility and applications of CRISPR/Cas9 systems in radiobiology. Specifically, in the context of experimentally simulating genotoxic effects of Ionizing Radiation (IR) to determine the contributions from DNA targets and 'Complex Double-Stranded Breaks' (complex DSBs) to the IR response. To elucidate this objective, this review considers applications of CRISPR/Cas9 on nuclear DNA targets to recognize the respective 'nucleocentric' response. The article also highlights contributions from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - an often under-recognized target in radiobiology. This objective requires accurate experimental simulation of IR-like effects and parameters with the CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Therefore, the role of anti-CRISPR proteins in modulating enzyme activity to simulate dose rate - an important factor in radiobiology experiments is an important topic of this review. The applications of auxiliary domains on the Cas9 nuclease to simulate oxidative base damage and multiple stressor experiments are also topics of discussion. Ultimately, incorporation of CRISPR/Cas9 experiments into computational parameters in radiobiology models of IR damage and shortcomings to the technology are discussed as well. Altogether, the simulation of IR parameters and lack of damage to non-DNA targets in the CRISPR/Cas9 system lends this rapidly emerging tool as an effective model of IR induced DNA damage. Therefore, this literature review ultimately considers the relevance of complex DSBs to radiobiology with respect to using the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an effective experimental tool in models of IR induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Vukmirovic
- McMaster University, Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Colin Seymour
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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22
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Swain SM, Romac JMJ, Shahid RA, Pandol SJ, Liedtke W, Vigna SR, Liddle RA. TRPV4 channel opening mediates pressure-induced pancreatitis initiated by Piezo1 activation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2527-2541. [PMID: 31999644 PMCID: PMC7190979 DOI: 10.1172/jci134111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated pressure in the pancreatic gland is the central cause of pancreatitis following abdominal trauma, surgery, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and gallstones. In the pancreas, excessive intracellular calcium causes mitochondrial dysfunction, premature zymogen activation, and necrosis, ultimately leading to pancreatitis. Although stimulation of the mechanically activated, calcium-permeable ion channel Piezo1 in the pancreatic acinar cell is the initial step in pressure-induced pancreatitis, activation of Piezo1 produces only transient elevation in intracellular calcium that is insufficient to cause pancreatitis. Therefore, how pressure produces a prolonged calcium elevation necessary to induce pancreatitis is unknown. We demonstrate that Piezo1 activation in pancreatic acinar cells caused a prolonged elevation in intracellular calcium levels, mitochondrial depolarization, intracellular trypsin activation, and cell death. Notably, these effects were dependent on the degree and duration of force applied to the cell. Low or transient force was insufficient to activate these pathological changes, whereas higher and prolonged application of force triggered sustained elevation in intracellular calcium, leading to enzyme activation and cell death. All of these pathological events were rescued in acinar cells treated with a Piezo1 antagonist and in acinar cells from mice with genetic deletion of Piezo1. We discovered that Piezo1 stimulation triggered transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 4 (TRPV4) channel opening, which was responsible for the sustained elevation in intracellular calcium that caused intracellular organelle dysfunction. Moreover, TRPV4 gene-KO mice were protected from Piezo1 agonist- and pressure-induced pancreatitis. These studies unveil a calcium signaling pathway in which a Piezo1-induced TRPV4 channel opening causes pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip M. Swain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Rafiq A. Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Steven R. Vigna
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodger A. Liddle
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Lichota A, Piwoński I, Michlewska S, Krokosz A. A Multiparametric Study of Internalization of Fullerenol C 60(OH) 36 Nanoparticles into Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Cytotoxicity in Oxidative Stress Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072281. [PMID: 32224851 PMCID: PMC7177525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and accumulation of fullerenol C60(OH)36 into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Some additional studies were also performed: measurement of fullerenol nanoparticle size, zeta potential, and the influence of fullerenol on the ionizing radiation-induced damage to PMBCs. Fullerenol C60(OH)36 demonstrated an ability to accumulate in PBMCs. The accumulation of fullerenol in those cells did not have a significant effect on cell survival, nor on the distribution of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane. However, fullerenol-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane proportional to the compound level in the medium was observed. Results also indicated that increased fullerenol level in the medium was associated with its enhanced transport into cells, corresponding to its influence on the mitochondrial membrane. The obtained results clearly showed the ability of C60(OH)36 to enter cells and its effect on PBMC mitochondrial membrane potential. However, we did not observe radioprotective properties of fullerenol under the conditions used in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Piwoński
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-4475
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24
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Leulmi Pichot S, Bentouati S, Ahmad SS, Sotiropoulos M, Jena R, Cowburn R. Versatile magnetic microdiscs for the radio enhancement and mechanical disruption of glioblastoma cancer cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8161-8171. [PMID: 35558340 PMCID: PMC9092955 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the use of highly versatile, lithographically defined magnetic microdiscs. Gold covered magnetic microdiscs are used in both radiosensitizing cancer cells, acting as intracellular emitters of secondary electrons during radiotherapy, and as well as inducing mechanical damage by exerting a mechanical torque when exposed to a rotating magnetic field. This study reveals that lithographically defined microdiscs with a uniform size of 2 microns in diameter highly increase the DNA damage and reduce the glioblastoma colony formation potential compared to conventional radiation therapy. Furthermore, the addition of mechanical disruption mediated by the magnetic component of the discs increased the efficiency of brain cancer cell killing. First study demonstrating the use of physically engineered magnetic particles that display two functionalities for cancer treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Leulmi Pichot
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Sabrina Bentouati
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Saif S Ahmad
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0XZ UK
| | - Marios Sotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Raj Jena
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0XZ UK
| | - Russell Cowburn
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
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25
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Jin S, Cordes N. ATM controls DNA repair and mitochondria transfer between neighboring cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:144. [PMID: 31703695 PMCID: PMC6842230 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is essential for multicellular tissue vitality and homeostasis. We show that healthy cells message protective signals through direct cell–cell connections to adjacent DNA–damaged cells in a microtubule–dependent manner. In DNA–damaged cells, mitochondria restoration is facilitated by fusion with undamaged mitochondria from healthy cells and their DNA damage repair is optimized in presence of healthy cells. Both, mitochondria transfer and intercellular signaling for an enhanced DNA damage response are critically regulated by the activity of the DNA repair protein ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). These healthy–to–damaged prosurvival processes sustain normal tissue integrity and may be exploitable for overcoming resistance to therapy in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Jin
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, D-01328, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, D-69192, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69192, Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Torfeh E, Simon M, Muggiolu G, Devès G, Vianna F, Bourret S, Incerti S, Barberet P, Seznec H. Monte-Carlo dosimetry and real-time imaging of targeted irradiation consequences in 2-cell stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10568. [PMID: 31332255 PMCID: PMC6646656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged-particle microbeams (CPMs) provide a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on living biological specimens with a precise control of the delivered dose, i.e. the number of particles per cell. We describe a methodology to manipulate and micro-irradiate early stage C. elegans embryos at a specific phase of the cell division and with a controlled dose using a CPM. To validate this approach, we observe the radiation-induced damage, such as reduced cell mobility, incomplete cell division and the appearance of chromatin bridges during embryo development, in different strains expressing GFP-tagged proteins in situ after irradiation. In addition, as the dosimetry of such experiments cannot be extrapolated from random irradiations of cell populations, realistic three-dimensional models of 2 cell-stage embryo were imported into the Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulation toolkit. Using this method, we investigate the energy deposit in various chromatin condensation states during the cell division phases. The experimental approach coupled to Monte-Carlo simulations provides a way to selectively irradiate a single cell in a rapidly dividing multicellular model with a reproducible dose. This method opens the way to dose-effect investigations following targeted irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Torfeh
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Marina Simon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Giovanna Muggiolu
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Guillaume Devès
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - François Vianna
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,François Vianna: Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Bat.159, BP3, 13115, St-Paul-Lez-Durance, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Bourret
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Sébastien Incerti
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Philippe Barberet
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France. .,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.
| | - Hervé Seznec
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France. .,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.
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27
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Baiocco G, Babini G, Barbieri S, Morini J, Friedland W, Villagrasa C, Rabus H, Ottolenghi A. WHAT ROLES FOR TRACK-STRUCTURE AND MICRODOSIMETRY IN THE ERA OF -omics AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY? RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:22-25. [PMID: 30535167 PMCID: PMC6525334 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a peculiar perturbation when it comes to damage to biological systems: it proceeds through discrete energy depositions, over a short temporal scale and a spatial scale critical for subcellular targets as DNA, whose damage complexity determines the outcome of the exposure. This lies at the basis of the success of track structure (and nanodosimetry) and microdosimetry in radiation biology. However, such reductionist approaches cannot account for the complex network of interactions regulating the overall response of the system to radiation, particularly when effects are manifest at the supracellular level and involve long times. Systems radiation biology is increasingly gaining ground, but the gap between reductionist and holistic approaches is becoming larger. This paper presents considerations on what roles track structure and microdosimetry can have in the attempt to fill this gap, and on how they can be further exploited to interpret radiobiological data and inform systemic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baiocco
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Corresponding author:
| | - G Babini
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Barbieri
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - J Morini
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - W Friedland
- Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Ottolenghi
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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28
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Pouget JP, Georgakilas AG, Ravanat JL. Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1447-1487. [PMID: 29350049 PMCID: PMC6199630 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Radiation therapy (from external beams to unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources) takes advantage of the detrimental effects of the clustered production of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Research has mainly focused on the interaction of radiation with water, which is the major constituent of living beings, and with nuclear DNA, which contains the genetic information. This led to the so-called target theory according to which cells have to be hit by ionizing particles to elicit an important biological response, including cell death. In cancer therapy, the Poisson law and linear quadratic mathematical models have been used to describe the probability of hits per cell as a function of the radiation dose. Recent Advances: However, in the last 20 years, many studies have shown that radiation generates "danger" signals that propagate from irradiated to nonirradiated cells, leading to bystander and other off-target effects. CRITICAL ISSUES Like for targeted effects, redox mechanisms play a key role also in off-target effects through transmission of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and also of cytokines, ATP, and extracellular DNA. Particularly, nuclear factor kappa B is essential for triggering self-sustained production of ROS and RNS, thus making the bystander response similar to inflammation. In some therapeutic cases, this phenomenon is associated with recruitment of immune cells that are involved in distant irradiation effects (called "away-from-target" i.e., abscopal effects). FUTURE DIRECTIONS Determining the contribution of targeted and off-target effects in the clinic is still challenging. This has important consequences not only in radiotherapy but also possibly in diagnostic procedures and in radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Pouget
- 1 Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) , INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- 2 DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- 3 Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS INAC SyMMES UMR 5819, Grenoble, France
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29
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Lipidomics Studies on Mitochondrial Damage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Heavy Ion Beam Radiation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Kaplum V, Ramos AC, Consolaro MEL, Fernandez MA, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias-Filho BP, Silva SDO, de Mello JCP, Nakamura CV. Proanthocyanidin Polymer-Rich Fraction of Stryphnodendron adstringens Promotes in Vitro and in Vivo Cancer Cell Death via Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:694. [PMID: 30018550 PMCID: PMC6037718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer that affects women, mainly through human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with high-risk HPV16 and HPV18. The present study investigated the in vitro anticancer activity and mechanism of action of a proanthocyanidin polymer-rich fraction of Stryphnodendron adstringens (F2) in cervical cancer cell lines, including HeLa (HPV18-positive), SiHa (HPV16-positive), and C33A (HPV-negative) cells, and also evaluated in vivo anticancer activity. In vitro, cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Cell migration was determined by the wound healing assay. The mechanism of action was investigated by performing ultrastructural analysis and evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial metabolism, lipoperoxidation, BCL-2 family expression, caspase expression, and DNA and cell membrane integrity. In vivo activity was evaluated using the murine Ehrlich solid tumor model. F2 time- and dose-dependently reduced cell viability and significantly inhibited the migration of cervical cancer cells. HeLa and SiHa cells treated with F2 (IC50) exhibited intense oxidative stress (i.e., increase in ROS and decrease in antioxidant species) and mitochondrial damage (i.e., mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and a reduction of intracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate). Increases in the Bax/BCL-2 ratio and caspase 9 and caspase 3 expression, were observed, with DNA damage that was sufficient to trigger mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Cell membrane disruption was observed in C33A cells (IC50 and IC90) and HeLa and SiHa cells (IC90), indicating progress to late apoptosis/necrosis. The inhibition of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine significantly suppressed oxidative stress in all three cell lines. In vivo, F2 significantly reduced tumor volume and weight of the Ehrlich solid tumor, and significantly increased lipoperoxidation, indicating that F2 also induces oxidative stress in the in vivo model. These findings indicate that the proanthocyanidin polymer-rich fraction of S. adstringens may be a potential chemotherapeutic candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kaplum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Anelise C. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcia E. L. Consolaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Fernandez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Benedito P. Dias-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - João C. P. de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Celso V. Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Abstract
With the development of radiotherapeutic oncology, computer technology and medical imaging technology, radiation therapy has made great progress. Research on the impact and the specific mechanism of radiation on tumors has become a central topic in cancer therapy. According to the traditional view, radiation can directly affect the structure of the DNA double helix, which in turn activates DNA damage sensors to induce apoptosis, necrosis, and aging or affects normal mitosis events and ultimately rewires various biological characteristics of neoplasm cells. In addition, irradiation damages subcellular structures, such as the cytoplasmic membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, mitochondria, and lysosome of cancer cells to regulate various biological activities of tumor cells. Recent studies have shown that radiation can also change the tumor cell phenotype, immunogenicity and microenvironment, thereby globally altering the biological behavior of cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the effects of therapeutic radiation on the biological features of tumor cells to provide a theoretical basis for combinational therapy and inaugurate a new era in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, RM6102, New Research Building, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, RM6102, New Research Building, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Hai-Li Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, RM6102, New Research Building, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, China.
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32
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Wang S, Yin H, Huang Y, Guan X. Thiol Specific and Mitochondria Selective Fluorogenic Benzofurazan Sulfide for Live Cell Nonprotein Thiol Imaging and Quantification in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8170-8177. [PMID: 29842788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular thiols are divided into two major categories: nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and protein thiols (PSH). Thiols are unevenly distributed inside the cell and compartmentalized in subcellular structures. Most of our knowledge on functions/dysfunctions of cellular/subcellular thiols is based on the quantification of cellular/subcellular thiols through homogenization of cellular/subcellular structures followed by a thiol quantification method. We would like to report a thiol-specific mitochondria-selective fluorogenic benzofurazan sulfide {7,7'-thiobis( N-rhodamine-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-4-sulfonamide) (TBROS)} that can effectively image and quantify live cell NPSH in mitochondria through fluorescence intensity. Limited methods are available for imaging thiols in mitochondria in live cells especially in a quantitative manner. The thiol specificity of TBROS was demonstrated by its ability to react with thiols and inability to react with biologically relevant nucleophilic functional groups other than thiols. TBROS, with minimal fluorescence, formed strong fluorescent thiol adducts (λex = 550 nm, λem = 580 nm) when reacting with NPSH confirming its fluorogenicity. TBROS failed to react with PSH from bovine serum albumin and cell homogenate proteins. The high mitochondrial thiol selectivity of TBROS was achieved by its mitochondria targeting structure and its higher reaction rate with NPSH at mitochondrial pH. Imaging of mitochondrial NPSH in live cells was confirmed by two colocalization methods and use of a thiol-depleting reagent. TBROS effectively imaged NPSH changes in a quantitative manner in mitochondria in live cells. The reagent will be a useful tool in exploring physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Huihui Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Xiangming Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
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Durante M, Formenti SC. Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations and Immunotherapy: Micronuclei, Cytosolic DNA, and Interferon-Production Pathway. Front Oncol 2018; 8:192. [PMID: 29911071 PMCID: PMC5992419 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations represent an early marker of late effects, including cell killing and transformation. The measurement of cytogenetic damage in tissues, generally in blood lymphocytes, from patients treated with radiotherapy has been studied for many years to predict individual sensitivity and late morbidity. Acentric fragments are lost during mitosis and create micronuclei (MN), which are well correlated to cell killing. Immunotherapy is rapidly becoming a most promising new strategy for metastatic tumors, and combination with radiotherapy is explored in several pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Recent evidence has shown that the presence of cytosolic DNA activates immune response via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes pathway, which induces type I interferon transcription. Cytosolic DNA can be found after exposure to ionizing radiation either as MN or as small fragments leaking through nuclear envelope ruptures. The study of the dependence of cytosolic DNA and MN on dose and radiation quality can guide the optimal combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The role of densely ionizing charged particles is under active investigation to define their impact on the activation of the interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental and Applied Physics (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia C. Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Dollinger
- Universität der Bundeswehr, München, and Excellence Cluster “Munich-Centre for Advanced Photonics”
| | - Thomas Faestermann
- Physik Department, Technische Universität, München, and Excellence Cluster “Origin and Structure of the Universe”
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35
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Friedland W, Schmitt E, Kundrát P, Baiocco G, Ottolenghi A. Track-structure simulations of energy deposition patterns to mitochondria and damage to their DNA. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:3-11. [PMID: 29584515 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1450532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondria have been implicated in initiating and/or amplifying the biological effects of ionizing radiation not mediated via damage to nuclear DNA. To help elucidate the underlying mechanisms, energy deposition patterns to mitochondria and radiation damage to their DNA have been modelled. METHODS Track-structure simulations have been performed with PARTRAC biophysical tool for 60Co γ-rays and 5 MeV α-particles. Energy deposition to the cell's mitochondria has been analyzed. A model of mitochondrial DNA reflecting experimental information on its structure has been developed and used to assess its radiation-induced damage. RESULTS Energy deposition to mitochondria is highly inhomogeneous, especially at low doses. Although a dose-dependent fraction of mitochondria sees no energy deposition at all, the hit ones receive rather high amounts of energy. Nevertheless, only little damage to mitochondrial DNA occurs, even at large doses. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial DNA does not represent a critical target for radiation effects. Likely, the key role of mitochondria in radiation-induced biological effects arises from the communication between mitochondria and/or with the nucleus. Through this signaling, initial modifications in a few heavily hit mitochondria seem to be amplified to a massive long-term effect manifested in the whole cell or even tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Friedland
- a Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Elke Schmitt
- a Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Pavel Kundrát
- a Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Giorgio Baiocco
- b Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Ghita M, Fernandez-Palomo C, Fukunaga H, Fredericia PM, Schettino G, Bräuer-Krisch E, Butterworth KT, McMahon SJ, Prise KM. Microbeam evolution: from single cell irradiation to pre-clinical studies. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:708-718. [PMID: 29309203 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1425807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review follows the development of microbeam technology from the early days of single cell irradiations, to investigations of specific cellular mechanisms and to the development of new treatment modalities in vivo. A number of microbeam applications are discussed with a focus on pre-clinical modalities and translation towards clinical application. CONCLUSIONS The development of radiation microbeams has been a valuable tool for the exploration of fundamental radiobiological response mechanisms. The strength of micro-irradiation techniques lies in their ability to deliver precise doses of radiation to selected individual cells in vitro or even to target subcellular organelles. These abilities have led to the development of a range of microbeam facilities around the world allowing the delivery of precisely defined beams of charged particles, X-rays, or electrons. In addition, microbeams have acted as mechanistic probes to dissect the underlying molecular events of the DNA damage response following highly localized dose deposition. Further advances in very precise beam delivery have also enabled the transition towards new and exciting therapeutic modalities developed at synchrotrons to deliver radiotherapy using plane parallel microbeams, in Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ghita
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | - Hisanori Fukunaga
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Pil M Fredericia
- c Centre for Nuclear Technologies , Technical University of Denmark , Roskilde , Denmark
| | | | | | - Karl T Butterworth
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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37
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Klement RJ. Fasting, Fats, and Physics: Combining Ketogenic and Radiation Therapy against Cancer. Complement Med Res 2017; 25:102-113. [DOI: 10.1159/000484045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumors and works by physicochemical reactions inducing oxidative stress in cells. Because in practice the efficacy of RT is limited by its toxicity to normal tissues, any strategy that selectively increases the radiosensitivity of tumor cells or boosts the radioresistance of normal cells is a valuable adjunct to RT. In this review, I summarize preclinical and clinical data supporting the hypothesis that ketogenic therapy through fasting and/or ketogenic diets can be utilized as such an adjunct in order to improve the outcome after RT, in terms of both higher tumor control and lower normal-tissue complication probability. The first effect relates to the metabolic shift from glycolysis towards mitochondrial metabolism, which selectively increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and impairs adenoside triphosphate (ATP) production in tumor cells. The second effect is based on the differential stress resistance phenomenon describing the reprogramming of normal cells, but not tumor cells, from proliferation towards maintenance and stress resistance when glucose and growth factor levels are decreased and ketone body levels are elevated. Underlying both effects are metabolic differences between normal and tumor cells. Ketogenic therapy is a non-toxic and cost-effective complementary treatment option that exploits these differences and deserves further clinical investigation.
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38
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Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumors and works by inducing free radical stress in tumor cells, leading to loss of reproductive integrity. The optimal treatment strategy has to consider damage to both tumor and normal cells and is determined by five factors known as the 5 R's of radiobiology: Reoxygenation, DNA repair, radiosensitivity, redistribution in the cell cycle and repopulation. The aim of this review is (i) to present evidence that these 5 R's are strongly influenced by cellular and whole-body metabolism that in turn can be modified through ketogenic therapy in form of ketogenic diets and short-term fasting and (ii) to stimulate new research into this field including some research questions deserving further study. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical and some preliminary clinical data support the hypothesis that ketogenic therapy could be utilized as a complementary treatment in order to improve the outcome after RT, both in terms of higher tumor control and in terms of lower normal tissue complication probability. The first effect relates to the metabolic shift from glycolysis toward mitochondrial metabolism that selectively increases ROS production and impairs ATP production in tumor cells. The second effect is based on the differential stress resistance phenomenon, which is achieved when glucose and growth factors are reduced and ketone bodies are elevated, reprogramming normal but not tumor cells from proliferation toward maintenance and stress resistance. Underlying both effects are metabolic differences between normal and tumor cells that ketogenic therapy seeks to exploit. Specifically, the recently discovered role of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate as an endogenous class-I histone deacetylase inhibitor suggests a dual role as a radioprotector of normal cells and a radiosensitzer of tumor cells that opens up exciting possibilities to employ ketogenic therapy as a cost-effective adjunct to radiotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer J Klement
- a Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology , Leopoldina Hospital , Schweinfurt , Germany
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39
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Abstract
PURPOSE Even though the first ultraviolet microbeam was described by S. Tschachotin back in 1912, the development of sophisticated micro-irradiation facilities only began to flourish in the late 1980s. In this article, we highlight significant microbeam experiments, describe the latest microbeam irradiator configurations and critical discoveries made by using the microbeam apparatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modern radiological microbeams facilities are capable of producing a beam size of a few micrometers, or even tens of nanometers in size, and can deposit radiation with high precision within a cellular target. In the past three decades, a variety of microbeams has been developed to deliver a range of radiations including charged particles, X-rays, and electrons. Despite the original intention for their development to measure the effects of a single radiation track, the ability to target radiation with microbeams at sub-cellular targets has been extensively used to investigate radiation-induced biological responses within cells. RESULTS Studies conducted using microbeams to target specific cells in a tissue have elucidated bystander responses, and further studies have shown reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play critical roles in the process. The radiation-induced abscopal effect, which has a profound impact on cancer radiotherapy, further reaffirmed the importance of bystander effects. Finally, by targeting sub-cellular compartments with a microbeam, we have reported cytoplasmic-specific biological responses. Despite the common dogma that nuclear DNA is the primary target for radiation-induced cell death and carcinogenesis, studies conducted using microbeam suggested that targeted cytoplasmic irradiation induces mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular stress, and genomic instability. A more recent development in microbeam technology includes application of mouse models to visualize in vivo DNA double-strand breaks. CONCLUSIONS Microbeams are making important contributions towards our understanding of radiation responses in cells and tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wu
- a Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Tom K Hei
- a Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.,b Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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