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Shao J, Deng Q, Feng S, Wu C, Liu X, Yang L. Role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the impact of exercise-induced remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150418. [PMID: 39032410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating brain disorder that worsens progressively with age, characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) leading to amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylation of Tau, resulting in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), are primary pathological features of AD. Despite significant research investment and effort, therapies targeting Aβ and NFTs have proven limited in efficacy for treating or slowing AD progression. Consequently, there is a growing interest in non-invasive therapeutic strategies for AD prevention. Exercise, a low-cost and non-invasive intervention, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective potential in AD prevention. Astrocytes, among the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play essential roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in AD initiation and progression. Exercise delays pathological progression and mitigates cognitive dysfunction in AD by modulating astrocyte morphological and phenotypic changes and fostering crosstalk with other glial cells. This review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how exercise influences astrocyte dynamics in AD, with a focus on elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte remodeling. The review begins with an overview of the neuropathological changes observed in AD, followed by an examination of astrocyte dysfunction as a feature of the disease. Lastly, the review explores the potential therapeutic implications of exercise-induced astrocyte remodeling in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianting Deng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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Pei J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Yuan Y. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation improves memory in vascular dementia by enhancing neuronal activity and promoting spine formation. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120584. [PMID: 38522806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory is closely associated with neuronal activity and dendritic spine formation. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) improves the memory of individuals with vascular dementia (VD). However, it is unclear whether neuronal activity and dendritic spine formation under ultrasound stimulation are involved in memory improvement in VD. In this study, we found that seven days of TUS improved memory in VD model while simultaneously increasing pyramidal neuron activity, promoting dendritic spine formation, and reducing dendritic spine elimination. These effects lasted for 7 days but disappeared on 14 d after TUS. Neuronal activity and dendritic spine formation strongly corresponded to improvements in memory behavior over time. In addition, we also found that the memory, neuronal activity and dendritic spine of VD mice cannot be restored again by TUS of 7 days after 28 d. Collectively, these findings suggest that TUS increases neuronal activity and promotes dendritic spine formation and is thus important for improving memory in patients with VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Pei
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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3
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Lima OJF, Ribeiro JDS, Vasconcelos JDC, Ferraz MFI, Silva CEDMTDRE, Barros WMA, Vieira GR, David MCMM, Matos RJB. Environmental enrichment changes the effects of prenatal and postnatal undernutrition on memory, anxiety traits, Bdnf and TrkB expression in the hippocampus of male adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114817. [PMID: 38122904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as undernutrition and environmental enrichment can promote changes in the molecular and behavioural mechanisms related to cognition. Herein, we investigated the effect of enriched environment stimulation in rats that were malnourished in the pre- and postnatal periods on changes in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor in the hippocampus, as well as on anxiety traits and memory. Early undernutrition promoted weight reduction, increased the risk analysis, reduced permanence in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and induced a reduction in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B. However, exposure to an enriched environment from 30 to 90 days' old maintained the malnourished phenotype, leading to weight reduction in the control group. In addition, the enriched environment did not alter the risk assessment in the undernourished group, but it did increase the frequency of labyrinth entries. Sixty-day exposure to the enriched environment resulted in a reversal in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus of malnourished rats and favoured of long-term memory in the object recognition test in the open-field. These results suggest that an enriched environment may have a protective effect in adult life by inducing changes in long-term memory and anxiety traits in animals that were undernourished in early life. Furthermore, reversing these effects of undernutrition involves mechanisms linked to the molecular signalling of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odair José Farias Lima
- Physical Education and Sports Science Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Waleska Maria Almeida Barros
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Ramos Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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Stazi M, Zampar S, Klafki HW, Meyer T, Wirths O. A Combination of Caffeine Supplementation and Enriched Environment in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032155. [PMID: 36768476 PMCID: PMC9916825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of factors has been associated with healthy brain aging, and epidemiological studies suggest that physical activity and nutritional supplements such as caffeine may reduce the risk of developing dementia and, in particular, Alzheimer's disease (AD) in later life. Caffeine is known to act as a cognitive enhancer but has been also shown to positively affect exercise performance in endurance activities. We have previously observed that chronic oral caffeine supplementation and a treatment paradigm encompassing physical and cognitive stimulation by enriched environment (EE) housing can improve learning and memory performance and ameliorate hippocampal neuron loss in the Tg4-42 mouse model of AD. Here, we investigated whether these effects were synergistic. To that end, previous findings on individual treatments were complemented with unpublished, additional data and analyzed in depth by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post tests. We further evaluated whether plasma neurofilament light chain levels reflect neuropathological and behavioral changes observed in the experimental groups. While a treatment combining physical activity and caffeine supplementation significantly improved learning and memory function compared to standard-housed vehicle-treated Tg4-42 in tasks such as the Morris water maze, no major additive effect outperforming the effects of the single interventions was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Stazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Zampar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Combined long-term enriched environment and caffeine supplementation improve memory function in C57Bl6 mice. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:269-281. [PMID: 35676374 PMCID: PMC9958139 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity has been associated with healthy brain aging, reflected by beneficial effects on cognition and learning and memory. Nutritional supplements such as caffeine have been shown to act as cognitive enhancers and may possess neuroprotective properties. Interestingly, caffeine also improves athletic capabilities and is widely used by athletes because of its performance-enhancing effect, while information on potential additive beneficial effects of physical activity and caffeine on cognitive performance is scarce. In the present study, the effects of caffeine supplementation in combination with prolonged physical and cognitive stimulation in the form of the enriched environment (EE) housing for a duration of 4 months were analyzed. We demonstrate that caffeine supplementation together with prolonged environmental enrichment led to enhanced memory function, resulting in improved recognition and spatial working memory in behavioral paradigms such as the novel object recognition task or the Morris water maze in C57Bl6 wild-type mice. Mice housed under EE conditions showed increased gene expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. The present findings underscore the potential impact of continuous physical activity in the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and may offer new options for combinatorial approaches.
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6
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Busch L, Eggert S, Endres K, Bufe B. The Hidden Role of Non-Canonical Amyloid β Isoforms in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3421. [PMID: 36359817 PMCID: PMC9654995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have placed the pro-inflammatory activity of amyloid β (Aβ) on microglia cells as the focus of research on Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Researchers are confronted with an astonishing spectrum of over 100 different Aβ variants with variable length and chemical modifications. With the exception of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40, the biological significance of most peptides for AD is as yet insufficiently understood. We therefore aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the contributions of these neglected Aβ variants to microglia activation. First, the impact of Aβ receptors, signaling cascades, scavenger mechanisms, and genetic variations on the physiological responses towards various Aβ species is described. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of different types of amyloid precursor protein processing for the generation of these Aβ variants in microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and highlight how alterations in secondary structures and oligomerization affect Aβ neurotoxicity. In sum, the data indicate that gene polymorphisms in Aβ-driven signaling pathways in combination with the production and activity of different Aβ variants might be crucial factors for the initiation and progression of different forms of AD. A deeper assessment of their interplay with glial cells may pave the way towards novel therapeutic strategies for individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Busch
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibruecken, Germany
| | - Simone Eggert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Bufe
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibruecken, Germany
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Mehla J, Deibel SH, Karem H, Hossain S, Lacoursiere SG, Sutherland RJ, Mohajerani MH, McDonald RJ. Dramatic impacts on brain pathology, anxiety, and cognitive function in the knock-in APPNL-G-F mouse model of Alzheimer disease following long-term voluntary exercise. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:143. [PMID: 36180883 PMCID: PMC9526288 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background An active lifestyle is associated with improved cognitive functions in aged people and may prevent or slow down the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To investigate these protective effects, male APPNL-G-F mice were exposed to long-term voluntary exercise. Methods Three-month-old AD mice were housed in a cage supplemented with a running wheel for 9 months for long-term exercise. At the age of 12 months, behavioral tests were completed for all groups. After completing behavioral testing, their brains were assessed for amyloid pathology, microgliosis, and cholinergic cells. Results The results showed that APPNL-G-F mice allowed to voluntarily exercise showed an improvement in cognitive functions. Furthermore, long-term exercise also improved anxiety in APPNL-G-F mice as assessed by measuring thigmotaxis in the Morris water task. We also found reductions in amyloid load and microgliosis, and a preservation of cholinergic cells in the brain of APPNL-G-F mice allowed to exercise in their home cages. These profound reductions in brain pathology associated with AD are likely responsible for the observed improvement of learning and memory functions following extensive and regular exercise. Conclusion These findings suggest the potential of physical exercise to mitigate the cognitive deficits in AD.
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8
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Zheng J, Yu P, Chen X. An Evaluation of the Effects of Active Game Play on Cognition, Quality of Life and Depression for Older People with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:1034-1043. [PMID: 34666621 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1980170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This pilot study was intended to evaluate the effects of active game play on cognition, quality of life, and depression for older people with dementia. METHODS Thirty-eight older people with dementia were recruited. Eighteen people received eight-week active game play using Xbox 360 Kinect. Twenty people received their usual care. The Mini Mental State Examination, Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia were used to measure the outcomes. RESULTS The results showed that there was no significant improvement on the mean scores of Mini Mental State Examination (P = .252), however, the active game play increased the mean score of Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (P = .005), and reduced the mean score of Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (P = .001) in comparison with the usual care group. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that the active game play was effective in improving quality of life and alleviating depression in older people with dementia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings highlight the potential for gaming as a non-pharmacological interventions for older people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zheng
- Nursing Department, Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xueping Chen
- Nursing Department, Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Effects of Involuntary and Voluntary Exercise in Combination with Acousto-Optic Stimulation on Adult Neurogenesis in an Alzheimer's Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3254-3279. [PMID: 35297012 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Single-factor intervention, such as physical exercise and auditory and visual stimulation, plays a positive role on the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the therapeutic effects of single-factor intervention are limited. The beneficial effects of these multifactor combinations on AD and its molecular mechanism have yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of multifactor intervention, voluntary wheel exercise, and involuntary treadmill running in combination with acousto-optic stimulation, on adult neurogenesis and behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of AD. We found that 4 weeks of multifactor intervention can significantly increase the production of newborn cells (BrdU+ cells) and immature neurons (DCX+ cells) in the hippocampus and lateral ventricle of Aβ oligomer-induced mice. Importantly, the multifactor intervention could promote BrdU+ cells to differentiate into neurons (BrdU+ DCX+ cells or BrdU+ NeuN+ cells) and astrocytes (BrdU+GFAP+ cells) in the hippocampus and ameliorate Aβ oligomer-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice evaluated by novel object recognition, Morris water maze tests, elevated zero maze, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test, respectively. Moreover, multifactor intervention could lead to an increase in the protein levels of PSD-95, SYP, DCX, NeuN, GFAP, Bcl-2, BDNF, TrkB, and pSer473-Akt and a decrease in the protein levels of BAX and caspase-9 in the hippocampal lysates of Aβ oligomer-induced mice. Furthermore, sequencing analysis of serum metabolites revealed that aberrantly expressed metabolites modulated by multifactor intervention were highly enriched in the biological process associated with keeping neurons functioning and neurobehavioral function. Additionally, the intervention-mediated serum metabolites mainly participated in glutamate metabolism, glucose metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mice. Our findings suggest the potential of multifactor intervention as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for AD to anti-Aβ oligomer neurotoxicity.
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10
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Liu ZT, Ma YT, Pan ST, Xie K, Shen W, Lin SY, Gao JY, Li WY, Li GY, Wang QW, Li LP. Effects of involuntary treadmill running in combination with swimming on adult neurogenesis in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105309. [PMID: 35276288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise plays a role on the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exercise mode and the mechanism for these positive effects is still ambiguous. Here, we investigated the effect of an aerobic interval exercise, running in combination with swimming, on behavioral dysfunction and associated adult neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD. We demonstrate that 4 weeks of the exercise could ameliorate Aβ42 oligomer-induced cognitive impairment in mice utilizing Morris water maze tests. Additionally, the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice exhibited a significant reduction of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors compared to the sedentary Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice utilizing an Elevated zero maze and a Tail suspension test. Moreover, by utilizing 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as an exogenous cell tracer, we found that the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice displayed a significant increase in newborn cells (BrdU+ cells), which differentiated into a majority of neurons (BrdU+ DCX+ cells or BrdU+NeuN+ cells) and a few of astrocytes (BrdU+GFAP+ cells). Likewise, the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice also displayed the higher levels of NeuN, PSD95, synaptophysin, Bcl-2 and lower level of GFAP protein. Furthermore, alteration of serum metabolites in transgenic AD mice between the exercised and sedentary group were significantly associated with lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and neurotransmitters. These findings suggest that combined aerobic interval exercise-mediated metabolites and proteins contributed to improving adult neurogenesis and behavioral performance after AD pathology, which might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yu-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Shao-Tao Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Kai Xie
- Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Su-Yang Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Jun-Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qin-Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, PR China.
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Hernandez AR, Hoffman JM, Hernandez CM, Cortes CJ, Jumbo-Lucioni P, Baxter MG, Esser KA, Liu AC, McMahon LL, Bizon JL, Burke SN, Buford TW, Carter CS. Reuniting the Body "Neck Up and Neck Down" to Understand Cognitive Aging: The Nexus of Geroscience and Neuroscience. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:e1-e9. [PMID: 34309630 PMCID: PMC8751793 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abbi R Hernandez
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA
| | | | - Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Constanza J Cortes
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Patricia Jumbo-Lucioni
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama,USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Lori L McMahon
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.,UAB Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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12
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:800-820. [PMID: 34782951 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30-day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, and novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study overall hippocampal neuronal density changes. Further, expression of NOX2, NeuN (neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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13
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Giesers NK, Wirths O. Loss of Hippocampal Calretinin and Parvalbumin Interneurons in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2021; 12:1759091420925356. [PMID: 32423230 PMCID: PMC7238451 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420925356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid-β peptides in the form of extracellular plaques
and neuronal degeneration belong to the hallmark features of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, impaired calcium homeostasis
and altered levels in calcium-binding proteins seem to be associated
with the disease process. In this study, calretinin- (CR) and
parvalbumin- (PV) positive gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing
(GABAergic) interneurons were quantified in different hippocampal
subfields of 12-month-old wild-type mice, as well as in the transgenic
AD mouse models 5XFAD and Tg4-42. While, in comparison with wild-type
mice, CR-positive interneurons were mainly reduced in the CA1 and
CA2/3 regions in plaque-bearing 5XFAD mice, PV-positive interneurons
were reduced in all analyzed subfields including the dentate gyrus. No
reduction in CR- and PV-positive interneuron numbers was detected in
the non-plaque-forming Tg4-42 mouse, although this model has been
previously demonstrated to harbor a massive loss of CA1 pyramidal
neurons. These results provide information about hippocampal
interneuron numbers in two relevant AD mouse models, suggesting that
interneuron loss in this brain region may be related to extracellular
amyloid burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Giesers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Xu Z, Gong Y, Wan J, Tang J, Zhang Q. Trends in HSPB5 research: a 36-year bibliometric analysis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:799-810. [PMID: 34235603 PMCID: PMC8492881 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HSPB5 (heat shock protein B5), also known as αB-crystallin, is one of the most widespread and populous of the ten human small heat shock proteins (sHsps). Over the past decades, extensive research has been conducted on HSPB5. However, few studies have statistically analyzed these publications. Herein, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to track the global research trend and current development status of HSPB5 research from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 1985 and 2020. Our results demonstrate that 1220 original articles cited 54,778 times in 391 scholarly journals were published. Visualization analyses reveal that the Journal of Biological Chemistry was the most influential journal with 85 articles. The USA dominated this field with 520 publications (42.62%), followed by Japan with 149 publications (12.21%), and Kato contributed the largest number of publications. Most related publications were published in journals focusing on biochemistry molecular biology, cell biology, neurosciences neurology, and ophthalmology. In addition, keyword co-occurrence analyses identify three predominant research topics: expression of HSPB5, chaperone studies for HSPB5, and pathological studies of HSPB5. This study provides valuable guidance for researchers and leads to collaborative opportunities between diverse research interests to be integrated for HSPB5 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xu
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehong Gong
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Wan
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Consorti A, Di Marco I, Sansevero G. Physical Exercise Modulates Brain Physiology Through a Network of Long- and Short-Range Cellular Interactions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710303. [PMID: 34489641 PMCID: PMC8417110 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of sedentary lifestyles have emerged as a critical aspect of modern society. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrated that physical exercise plays an important role not only in maintaining peripheral health but also in the regulation of central nervous system function. Many studies have shown that physical exercise promotes the release of molecules, involved in neuronal survival, differentiation, plasticity and neurogenesis, from several peripheral organs. Thus, aerobic exercise has emerged as an intriguing tool that, on one hand, could serve as a therapeutic protocol for diseases of the nervous system, and on the other hand, could help to unravel potential molecular targets for pharmacological approaches. In the present review, we will summarize the cellular interactions that mediate the effects of physical exercise on brain health, starting from the factors released in myocytes during muscle contraction to the cellular pathways that regulate higher cognitive functions, in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Consorti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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16
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Gupta R, Khan R, Cortes CJ. Forgot to Exercise? Exercise Derived Circulating Myokines in Alzheimer's Disease: A Perspective. Front Neurol 2021; 12:649452. [PMID: 34276532 PMCID: PMC8278015 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.649452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise plays an essential role in maintaining healthy neurocognitive function and central nervous system (CNS) immuno-metabolism in the aging CNS. Physical activity decreases the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is associated with better AD prognosis, and positively affects cognitive function in AD patients. Skeletal muscle is an important secretory organ, communicating proteotoxic and metabolic stress to distant tissues, including the CNS, through the secretion of bioactive molecules collectively known as myokines. Skeletal muscle undergoes significant physical and metabolic remodeling during exercise, including alterations in myokine expression profiles. This suggests that changes in myokine and myometabolite secretion may underlie the well-documented benefits of exercise in AD. However, to date, very few studies have focused on specific alterations in skeletal muscle-originating secreted factors and their potential neuroprotective effects in AD. In this review, we discuss exercise therapy for AD prevention and intervention, and propose the use of circulating myokines as novel therapeutic tools for modifying AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rizwan Khan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Constanza J Cortes
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Center for Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Excellence in the Study of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingman, Birmingham, AL, United States
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17
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Zampar S, Wirths O. Characterization of a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Expressing Aβ4-42 and Human Mutant Tau. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105191. [PMID: 34069029 PMCID: PMC8156793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the two most prominent neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), remains at present not fully understood. A large body of evidence places Aβ upstream in the cascade of pathological events, triggering NFTs formation and the subsequent neuron loss. Extracellular Aβ deposits were indeed causative of an increased tau phosphorylation and accumulation in several transgenic models but the contribution of soluble Aβ peptides is still controversial. Among the different Aβ variants, the N-terminally truncated peptide Aβ4–42 is among the most abundant. To understand whether soluble Aβ4–42 peptides impact the onset or extent of tau pathology, we have crossed the homozygous Tg4–42 mouse model of AD, exclusively expressing Aβ4–42 peptides, with the PS19 (P301S) tau transgenic model. Behavioral assessment showed that the resulting double-transgenic line presented a partial worsening of motor performance and spatial memory deficits in the aged group. While an increased loss of distal CA1 pyramidal neurons was detected in young mice, no significant alterations in hippocampal tau phosphorylation were observed in immunohistochemical analyses.
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18
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Fernández-Matarrubia M, Goni L, Rognoni T, Razquin C, Fernández-Lázaro CI, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MÁ, Toledo E. An Active Lifestyle Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function Over Time in APOE ɛ4 Non-Carriers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1257-1268. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Available evidence on the association of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior with cognitive decline is inconclusive. Objective: To assess the association between an active lifestyle score and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and changes in cognitive function in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) prospective cohort. Methods: Cognitive function was evaluated in a subsample of 806 participants of the SUN cohort study using the validated Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (STICS-m) questionnaire at baseline and after 6 years. LTPA was evaluated with a previously validated 17-item self-administered questionnaire and with information on sedentary lifestyles. We also calculated a multidimensional 8-item PA score. Multivariable linear regression analysis evaluated the association between PA and changes in cognitive function and its interaction by APOE genotype. Results: Mean age of participants was 66 (SD 5.3) years and 69.7% were male. When stratifying by APOE variants, no significant associations between the active lifestyle score or LTPA and changes in cognitive performance over time were found among APOE ɛ4 carriers. However, we observed that a higher adherence to an active lifestyle (high versus low PA score β= 0.76 95% CI 0.15,1.36; p trend = 0.011) and a high LTPA (Q4 versus Q1 β= 0.63; 95% CI –0.01,1.26; p trend = 0.030) were associated with more favorable changes in cognitive function over time among APOE ɛ4 non-carriers with statistically significant interactions in both cases (p for interaction = 0.042 for PA score, and p = 0.039 for LTPA). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that an active lifestyle is associated with a better status of cognitive function over time only among APOE ɛ4 non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Matarrubia
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Goni
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Rognoni
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - César Ignacio Fernández-Lázaro
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Hinteregger B, Loeffler T, Flunkert S, Neddens J, Bayer TA, Madl T, Hutter-Paier B. Metabolic, Phenotypic, and Neuropathological Characterization of the Tg4-42 Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1151-1168. [PMID: 33646155 PMCID: PMC8150512 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) research strongly depends on transgenic mouse models that display major symptoms of the disease. Although several AD mouse models have been developed representing relevant pathologies, only a fraction of available mouse models, like the Tg4-42 mouse model, display hippocampal atrophy caused by the death of neurons as the key feature of AD. The Tg4-42 mouse model is therefore very valuable for use in preclinical research. Furthermore, metabolic biomarkers which have the potential to detect biochemical changes, are crucial to gain deeper insights into the pathways, the underlying pathological mechanisms and disease progression. OBJECTIVE We thus performed an in-depth characterization of Tg4-42 mice by using an integrated approach to analyze alterations of complex biological networks in this AD in vivo model. METHODS Therefore, untargeted NMR-based metabolomic phenotyping was combined with behavioral tests and immunohistological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Our in vivo experiments demonstrate a loss of body weight increase in homozygous Tg4-42 mice over time as well as severe impaired learning behavior and memory deficits in the Morris water maze behavioral test. Furthermore, we found significantly altered metabolites in two different brain regions and metabolic changes of the glutamate/4-aminobutyrate-glutamine axis. Based on these results, downstream effects were analyzed showing increased Aβ42 levels, increased neuroinflammation as indicated by increased astro- and microgliosis as well as neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss in homozygous Tg4-42 mice. CONCLUSION Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the Tg4-42 mouse model which could lead to a deeper understanding of pathological features of AD. Additionally this study reveals changes in metabolic biomarker which set the base for future preclinical studies or drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hinteregger
- QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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20
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George EK, Reddy PH. Can Healthy Diets, Regular Exercise, and Better Lifestyle Delay the Progression of Dementia in Elderly Individuals? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:S37-S58. [PMID: 31227652 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Current healthcare costs for over 50 million people afflicted with AD are about $818 million and are projected to be $2 billion by 2050. Unfortunately, there are no drugs currently available that can delay and/or prevent the progression of disease in elderly individuals and in AD patients. Loss of synapses and synaptic damage are largely correlated with cognitive decline in AD patients. Women are at a higher lifetime risk of developing AD encompassing two-thirds of the total AD afflicted population. Only about 1-2% of total AD patients can be explained by genetic mutations in APP, PS1, and PS2 genes. Several risk factors have been identified, such as Apolipoprotein E4 genotype, type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, depression, and hormonal imbalance, are reported to be associated with late-onset AD. Strong evidence reveals that antioxidant enriched diets and regular exercise reduces toxic radicals, enhances mitochondrial function and synaptic activity, and improves cognitive function in elderly populations. Current available data on the use of antioxidants in mouse models of AD and antioxidant(s) supplements in diets of elderly individuals were investigated. The use of antioxidants in randomized clinical trials in AD patients was also critically assessed. Based on our survey of current literature and findings, we cautiously conclude that healthy diets, regular exercise, and improved lifestyle can delay dementia progression and reduce the risk of AD in elderly individuals and reverse subjects with mild cognitive impairment to a non-demented state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
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21
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Neuron Loss in Alzheimer's Disease: Translation in Transgenic Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218144. [PMID: 33143374 PMCID: PMC7663280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse models represent an essential tool for the exploration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological mechanisms and the development of novel treatments, which at present provide only symptomatic and transient effects. While a variety of mouse models successfully reflects the main neuropathological hallmarks of AD, such as extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits, intracellular accumulation of Tau protein, the development of micro- and astrogliosis, as well as behavioral deficits, substantial neuron loss, as a key feature of the disease, seems to be more difficult to achieve. In this review, we summarize information on classic and more recent transgenic mouse models for AD, focusing in particular on loss of pyramidal, inter-, and cholinergic neurons. Although the cause of neuron loss in AD is still a matter of scientific debate, it seems to be linked to intraneuronal Aβ accumulation in several transgenic mouse models, especially in pyramidal neurons.
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22
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Cognitive Training as a Potential Activator of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196986. [PMID: 32977423 PMCID: PMC7582834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that interventions like cognitive training or exercises prior to the manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms may decelerate cognitive decline. Nonetheless, evidence of prevention or a delay of dementia is still insufficient. Using OXYS rats as a suitable model of sporadic AD and Wistar rats as a control, we examined effects of cognitive training in the Morris water maze on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in presymptomatic (young rats) and symptomatic (adult rats) periods of development of AD signs. Four weeks after the cognitive training, we immunohistochemically estimated densities of quiescent and amplifying neuronal progenitors, neuronal-lineage cells (neuroblasts and immature and mature neurons), and astrocytes in young and adult rats, and the amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-β in adult rats. Reference memory was defective in OXYS rats. The cognitive training did not affect neuronal-lineage cells’ density in either rat strain either at the young or adult age, but activated neuronal progenitors in young rats and increased astrocyte density and downregulated amyloid-β in adult OXYS rats. Thus, to activate adult neurogenesis, cognitive training should be started before first neurodegenerative changes, whereas cognitive training accompanying amyloid-β accumulation affects only astrocytic support.
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23
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Stazi M, Wirths O. Chronic Memantine Treatment Ameliorates Behavioral Deficits, Neuron Loss, and Impaired Neurogenesis in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:204-216. [PMID: 32914393 PMCID: PMC7695672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memantine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist possessing neuroprotective properties, belongs to the small group of drugs which have been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While several preclinical studies employing different transgenic AD mouse models have described beneficial effects with regard to rescued behavioral deficits or reduced amyloid plaque pathology, it is largely unknown whether memantine might have beneficial effects on neurodegeneration. In the current study, we assessed whether memantine treatment has an impact on hippocampal neuron loss and associated behavioral deficits in the Tg4-42 mouse model of AD. We demonstrate that a chronic oral memantine treatment for 4 months diminishes hippocampal CA1 neuron loss and rescues learning and memory performance in different behavioral paradigms, such as Morris water maze or a novel object recognition task. Cognitive benefits of chronic memantine treatment were accompanied by an amelioration of impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that memantine successfully counteracts pathological alterations in a preclinical mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Stazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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24
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Swimming exercise improves cognitive and behavioral disorders in male NMRI mice with sporadic Alzheimer-like disease. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:113003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Vendredy L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V. Small heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:679-699. [PMID: 32323160 PMCID: PMC7332613 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are ubiquitously expressed chaperones, yet mutations in some of them cause tissue-specific diseases. Here, we will discuss how small heat shock proteins give rise to neurodegenerative disorders themselves while we will also highlight how these proteins can fulfil protective functions in neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein aggregation. The first half of this paper will be focused on how mutations in HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8 are linked to inherited peripheral neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). The second part of the paper will discuss how small heat shock proteins are linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vendredy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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26
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Hornung K, Zampar S, Engel N, Klafki H, Liepold T, Bayer TA, Wiltfang J, Jahn O, Wirths O. N-Terminal Truncated Aβ4-42 Is a Substrate for Neprilysin Degradation in vitro and in vivo. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:849-858. [PMID: 30664509 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), an imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides seems to account for enhanced Aβ accumulation. The metalloprotease neprilysin (NEP) is an important Aβ degrading enzyme as shown by a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. While the degradation of full-length Aβ peptides such as Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 is well established, it is less clear whether NEP is also capable of degrading N-terminally truncated Aβ species such as the common variant Aβ4-42. In the present report, we confirmed the degradation of Aβ4-x species by neprilysin using in vitro digestion and subsequent analysis using gel-based assays and mass spectrometry. By crossing Tg4-42 mice expressing only Aβ4-42 peptides with homozygous NEP-knock-out mice (NEP-/-), we were able to demonstrate that NEP deficiency increased hippocampal intraneuronal Aβ levels and aggravated neuron loss in the Tg4-42 transgenic mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hornung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Zampar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Engel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hans Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Liepold
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Proteomics Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of iBiMED, Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Proteomics Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
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Rifaai RA, Mokhemer SA, Saber EA, El-Aleem SAA, El-Tahawy NFG. Neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles: A possible prophylactic and therapeutic role in alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 107:101795. [PMID: 32464160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid with low bioavailability. Recently, quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) has been shown to have a better bioavailability. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of QNPs in Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced animal model of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD was induced in rats by oral administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) for 42 days. QNPs (30 mg/kg) was given along with AlCl3 in the prophylactic group and following AD induction in the treated group. Hippocampi were harvested for assessments of the structural and ultrastructural changes using histological and histochemical approaches. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION AD hippocampi showed a prominent structural and ultrastructural disorders both neuronal and extraneuronal. Including neuronal degeneration, formation of APs and NFTs, downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), astrogliosis and inhibition of the proliferative activity (all P ≤ 0.05). Electron microscopy showed signs of neuronal degeneration with microglia and astrocyte activation and disruption of myelination and Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Interestingly, QNPs administration remarkably reduced the neuronal degenerative changes, APs and NFTs formation (all P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, it showed signs of regeneration (all P ≤ 0.05) and upregulation of TH. The effect was profound in the prophylactic group. Thus, QNPs reduced the damaging effect of AlCl3 on hippocampal neurons at the molecular, cellular and subcellular levels. CONCLUSION For the best of our knowledge this is the first study to show a prophylactic and therapeutic effect for QNPs in AD model. This might open the gate for further research and provide a new line for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Ahmed Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Sahar Ahmed Mokhemer
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; Delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
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Gerberding AL, Zampar S, Stazi M, Liebetanz D, Wirths O. Physical Activity Ameliorates Impaired Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Tg4-42 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419892692. [PMID: 31818124 PMCID: PMC6906584 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419892692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies that especially midlife physical activity might exert a positive influence on the risk and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, the Tg4-42 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease has been utilized to assess the effect of different housing conditions on structural changes in the hippocampus. Focusing on the dentate gyrus, we demonstrate that 6-month-old Tg4-42 mice have a reduced number of newborn neurons in comparison to age-matched wild-type mice. Housing these mice for 4 months with either unlimited or intermittent access to a running wheel resulted in a significant rescue of dentate gyrus neurogenesis. Although neither dentate gyrus volume nor neuron number could be modified in this Alzheimer’s disease mouse model, unrestricted access to a running wheel significantly increased dentate gyrus volume and granule cell number in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lina Gerberding
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Zampar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Stazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Hinteregger B, Loeffler T, Flunkert S, Neddens J, Birner-Gruenberger R, Bayer TA, Madl T, Hutter-Paier B. Transgene integration causes RARB downregulation in homozygous Tg4-42 mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6377. [PMID: 32286473 PMCID: PMC7156671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease can be modelled by different transgenic mouse strains. To gain deeper insight into disease model mechanisms, the previously described Tg4-42 mouse was analysed for transgene integration. On RNA/DNA level the transgene integration resulted in more than 20 copy numbers and further caused a deletion of exon 2 of the retinoic acid receptor beta. These findings were also confirmed on protein level with highly decreased retinoic acid receptor beta protein levels in homozygous Tg4-42 mice and may have an impact on the previously described phenotype of homozygous Tg4-42 mice to be solely dependent on amyloid-ß 4-42 expression. Since hemizygous mice show no changes in RARB protein levels it can be concluded that the previously described phenotype of these mice should not be affected by the retinoic acid receptor beta gene knockout. In order to fully understand the results of transgenesis, it is extremely advisable to determine the genome integration site and the basic structure of the inserted transgenes. This can be carried out for instance by next-generation sequencing techniques. Our results thus suggest that a detailed characterization of new disease models using the latest genomics technologies prior to functional studies could be a valuable tool to avoid an unexpected genetic influence on the animals' phenotype that is not only based on the inserted transgene. This would also significantly improve the selection of mouse models that are best suited for therapeutic development and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hinteregger
- QPS Austria GmbH, Parkring 12, 8074, Grambach, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging) Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tina Loeffler
- QPS Austria GmbH, Parkring 12, 8074, Grambach, Austria
| | | | - Joerg Neddens
- QPS Austria GmbH, Parkring 12, 8074, Grambach, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging) Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology & Omics Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging) Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Blok J, Black DA, Petersen J, Sawatari A, Leamey CA. Environmental Enrichment Rescues Visually-Mediated Behavior in Ten-m3 Knockout Mice During an Early Critical Period. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:22. [PMID: 32158383 PMCID: PMC7052109 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to promote neural plasticity. Its capacity to induce functional repair in models which exhibit profound sensory deficits due to aberrant axonal guidance has not been well-characterized. Ten-m3 knockout (KO) mice exhibit a highly-stereotyped miswiring of ipsilateral retinogeniculate axons and associated profound deficits in binocularly-mediated visual behavior. We determined whether, and when, EE can drive functional recovery by analyzing Ten-m3 KO and wildtype (WT) mice that were enriched for 6 weeks from adulthood, weaning or birth in comparison to standard-housed controls. EE initiated from birth, but not later, rescued the response of Ten-m3 KOs to the "looming" stimulus (expanding disc in dorsal visual field), suggesting improved visual function. EE can thus induce recovery of visual behavior, but only during an early developmentally-restricted time-window.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Blok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dylan A Black
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Petersen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Atomu Sawatari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine A Leamey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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31
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Neurodegeneration and Neuro-Regeneration-Alzheimer's Disease and Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174272. [PMID: 31480448 PMCID: PMC6747457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes many changes in the human body, and is a high risk for various diseases. Dementia, a common age-related disease, is a clinical disorder triggered by neurodegeneration. Brain damage caused by neuronal death leads to cognitive decline, memory loss, learning inabilities and mood changes. Numerous disease conditions may cause dementia; however, the most common one is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a futile and yet untreatable illness. Adult neurogenesis carries the potential of brain self-repair by an endogenous formation of newly-born neurons in the adult brain; however it also declines with age. Strategies to improve the symptoms of aging and age-related diseases have included different means to stimulate neurogenesis, both pharmacologically and naturally. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of stem cells neurogenesis or a functional integration of newborn neurons have been explored to provide the basis for grafted stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide an overview of AD pathology of different neural and glial cell types and summarizes current strategies of experimental stem cell treatments and their putative future use in clinical settings.
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Voluntary, involuntary and forced exercises almost equally reverse behavioral impairment by regulating hippocampal neurotrophic factors and oxidative stress in experimental Alzheimer’s disease model. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:245-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zhang X, He Q, Huang T, Zhao N, Liang F, Xu B, Chen X, Li T, Bi J. Treadmill Exercise Decreases Aβ Deposition and Counteracts Cognitive Decline in APP/PS1 Mice, Possibly via Hippocampal Microglia Modifications. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:78. [PMID: 31024293 PMCID: PMC6461026 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that exercise may be beneficial for delaying or attenuating Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms were not clear. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is suggested to play an important role in the pathology of AD. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of treadmill exercise on amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and cognitive function in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 mice in the early stage of AD progression and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation was mainly analyzed. The results demonstrated that 12 weeks of treadmill exercise preserved hippocampal cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice and substantially suppressed Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus. Treadmill exercise significantly inhibited neuroinflammation, which was characterized by a remarkably reduced expression of pro-inflammatory factors and increased expression of anti-inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus, resulting from a shift in activated microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype. Treadmill exercise also attenuated oxidative stress presented by a marked reduction in methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level and dramatically elevated SOD and Mn-SOD activities in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise can effectively prevent the decrease in hippocampal-dependent cognitive function and Aβ deposits in early AD progression possibly via modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang He
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liang
- School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghe Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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34
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Liu E, Zhou Q, Xie AJ, Li M, Zhang S, Huang H, Liuyang Z, Wang Y, Liu B, Li X, Sun D, Wei Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Ke D, Yang X, Yang Y, Wang JZ. Enriched gestation activates the IGF pathway to evoke embryo-adult benefits to prevent Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:8. [PMID: 30867903 PMCID: PMC6399936 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Building brain reserves before dementia onset could represent a promising strategy to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD), while how to initiate early cognitive stimulation is unclear. Given that the immature brain is more sensitive to environmental stimuli and that brain dynamics decrease with ageing, we reasoned that it would be effective to initiate cognitive stimulation against AD as early as the fetal period. Methods After conception, maternal AD transgenic mice (3 × Tg AD) were exposed to gestational environment enrichment (GEE) until the day of delivery. The cognitive capacity of the offspring was assessed by the Morris water maze and contextual fear-conditioning tests when the offspring were raised in a standard environment to 7 months of age. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, electrophysiology, Golgi staining, activity assays and sandwich ELISA were employed to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of GEE on embryos and 7-10-month-old adult offspring. Results We found that GEE markedly preserved synaptic plasticity and memory capacity with amelioration of hallmark pathologies in 7-10-m-old AD offspring. The beneficial effects of GEE were accompanied by global histone hyperacetylation, including those at bdnf promoter-binding regions, with robust BDNF mRNA and protein expression in both embryo and progeny hippocampus. GEE increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and activated its receptor (IGF1R), which phosphorylates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) at tyrosine sites and triggers its nuclear translocation, subsequently upregulating histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and BDNF transcription. The upregulation of IGF1 mimicked the effects of GEE, while IGF1R or HAT inhibition during pregnancy abolished the GEE-induced CaMKIV-dependent histone hyperacetylation and BDNF upregulation. Conclusions These findings suggest that activation of IGF1R/CaMKIV/HAT/BDNF signaling by gestational environment enrichment may serve as a promising strategy to delay AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Liu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China.,4Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Qiuzhi Zhou
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Ao-Ji Xie
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Hezhou Huang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zhenyu Liuyang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yali Wang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Bingjin Liu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Dongsheng Sun
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuping Wei
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qun Wang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Dan Ke
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Ying Yang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China.,2Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000 China
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Colín-Castelán D, Zaina S. Associations between atherosclerosis and neurological diseases, beyond ischemia-induced cerebral damage. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:15-25. [PMID: 30891682 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is traditionally viewed as a consequence of peptide accumulation in the brain, stroke and/or cerebral ischemia. Nonetheless, a number of scattered observations suggest that neurological disease and atherosclerosis may be linked by more complex mechanisms. Understanding the intricate link between atherosclerosis and neurological conditions may have a significant impact on the quality of life of the growing ageing population and of high cardiovascular risk groups in general. Epidemiological data support the notion that neurological dysfunction and atherosclerosis coexist long before any evident clinical complications of cardiovascular disease appear and may be causally linked. Baffling, often overlooked, molecular data suggest that nervous tissue-specific gene expression is relaxed specifically in the atheromatous vascular wall, and/or that a systemic dysregulation of genes involved in nervous system biology dictates a concomitant progression of neurological disease and atherosclerosis. Further epidemiological and experimental work is needed to clarify the details and clinical relevance of those complex links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannia Colín-Castelán
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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36
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Motor deficits in 16-month-old male and female 3xTg-AD mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:305-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kelly ÁM. Exercise-Induced Modulation of Neuroinflammation in Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Plast 2018; 4:81-94. [PMID: 30564548 PMCID: PMC6296260 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive, neurodegenerative condition characterised by accumulation of toxic βeta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, is one of the leading causes of dementia globally. The cognitive impairment that is a hallmark of AD may be caused by inflammation in the brain triggered and maintained by the presence of Aβ protein, ultimately leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Since there is a significant inflammatory component to AD, it is postulated that anti-inflammatory strategies may be of prophylactic or therapeutic benefit in AD. One such strategy is that of regular physical activity, which has been shown in epidemiological studies to be protective against various forms of dementia including AD. Exercise induces an anti-inflammatory environment in peripheral organs and also increases expression of anti-inflammatory molecules within the brain. Here we review the evidence, mainly from animal models of AD, supporting the hypothesis that exercise can reduce or slow the cellular and cognitive impairments associated with AD by modulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine M. Kelly
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Modaberi S, Shahbazi M, Dehghan M, Naghdi N. The role of mild treadmill exercise on spatial learning and memory and motor activity in animal models of ibotenic acid-induced striatum lesion. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Weijenberg RAF, Delwel S, Ho BV, van der Maarel-Wierink CD, Lobbezoo F. Mind your teeth-The relationship between mastication and cognition. Gerodontology 2018; 36:2-7. [PMID: 30480331 PMCID: PMC7380285 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the multifactorial relationship between mastication and cognition, with a focus on dementia. Older persons, especially those with dementia, are at great risk of suffering from oral health problems such as orofacial pain and loss of natural teeth. A possible explanation could be that the cognitive and motor impairments resulting from dementia cause a decrease in self‐care and as such, a worsening of oral health. An alternative explanation is that cognition and oral health influence each other. Animal studies show that a decrease in masticatory activity, for example, due to a soft diet or loss of teeth, causes memory loss and neuronal degeneration. The relationship between mastication and cognition has also been researched in human studies, but a cause‐effect relationship has not been proven. It is likely that multiple factors play a role in this relationship, such as self‐care, nutrition, stress and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane A F Weijenberg
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Delwel
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bach Van Ho
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Zhu MM, Lai JSM, Choy BNK, Shum JWH, Lo ACY, Ng ALK, Chan JCH, So KF. Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma-related mental health. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e676-e691. [PMID: 29338126 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of physical exercise on health and well-being have been studied in a wide range of systemic and ocular diseases, including glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by accelerated apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and insufficient ocular perfusion have been postulated to be the two main theories in glaucoma development and progression. The effects of exercise in these two aspects have been demonstrated by numerous researches. A review in 2009 focusing on these two theories concluded that exercise results in transient IOP reduction but an inconsistent elevation in ocular perfusion. However, the majority of the studies had been conducted in healthy subjects. Over the past decade, technological advancement has brought forth new and more detailed evidence regarding the effects of exercise. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of exercise by upregulation of neurotrophin and enhancement of mitochondrial function has been a focus of interest. Apart from visual impairment, the mental health issues in patients with glaucoma, which include anxiety and depression, should also be addressed. In this review, we mainly focus on publications from the recent years, so as to provide a comprehensive review on the impact of physical exercise on IOP, ocular perfusion, neuroprotection and mental health in patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jimmy Shiu Ming Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Bonnie Nga Kwan Choy
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jennifer Wei Huen Shum
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Alex Lap Ki Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jonathan Cheuk Hung Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwok Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration; Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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41
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Griñán-Ferré C, Izquierdo V, Otero E, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Corpas R, Sanfeliu C, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Pallàs M. Environmental Enrichment Improves Cognitive Deficits, AD Hallmarks and Epigenetic Alterations Presented in 5xFAD Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:224. [PMID: 30158856 PMCID: PMC6104164 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence shows that modifications in lifestyle factors constitute an effective strategy to modulate molecular events related to neurodegenerative diseases, confirming the relevant role of epigenetics. Accordingly, Environmental Enrichment (EE) represents an approach to ameliorate cognitive decline and neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is characterized by specific neuropathological hallmarks, such as β-amyloid plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles, which severely affect the areas of the brain responsible for learning and memory. We evaluated EE neuroprotective influence on 5xFAD mice. We found a better cognitive performance on EE vs. Control (Ct) 5xFAD mice, until being similar to Wild-Type (Wt) mice group. Neurodegenerative markers as β-CTF and tau hyperphosphorylation, reduced protein levels whiles APPα, postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN) protein levels increased protein levels in the hippocampus of 5xFAD-EE mice group. Furthermore, a reduction in gene expression of Il-6, Gfap, Hmox1 and Aox1 was determined. However, no changes were found in the gene expression of neurotrophins, such as Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Nerve growth factor (Ngf), Tumor growth factor (Tgf) and Nerve growth factor inducible (Vgf) in mice with EE. Specifically, we found a reduced DNA-methylation level (5-mC) and an increased hydroxymethylation level (5-hmC), as well as an increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation level. Likewise, we found changes in the hippocampal gene expression of some chromatin-modifying enzyme, such as Dnmt3a/b, Hdac1, and Tet2. Extensive molecular analysis revealed a correlation between neuronal function and changes in epigenetic marks after EE that explain the cognitive improvement in 5xFAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Izquierdo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Otero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de las Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Sasmita AO, Kuruvilla J, Ling APK. Harnessing neuroplasticity: modern approaches and clinical future. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1061-1077. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1466781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joshua Kuruvilla
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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43
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating disease influencing a multitude of outcomes, including memory function. Recent work suggests that memory may be influenced by exercise ('memorcise'), even among those with AD. The present narrative review details (1) the underlying mechanisms of AD; (2) whether exercise has a protective effect in preventing AD; (3) the mechanisms through which exercise may help to prevent AD; (4) the mechanisms through which exercise may help attenuate the progression of AD severity among those with existing AD; (5) the effects and mechanisms through which exercise is associated with memory among those with existing AD; and (6) exercise recommendations for those with existing AD. Such an understanding will aid clinicians in their ability to use exercise as a potential behavioral strategy to help prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Emily Frith
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Pamela Ponce
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
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44
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Grégoire CA, Tobin S, Goldenstein BL, Samarut É, Leclerc A, Aumont A, Drapeau P, Fulton S, Fernandes KJL. RNA-Sequencing Reveals Unique Transcriptional Signatures of Running and Running-Independent Environmental Enrichment in the Adult Mouse Dentate Gyrus. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:126. [PMID: 29706867 PMCID: PMC5908890 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is a powerful stimulus of brain plasticity and is among the most accessible treatment options for brain disease. In rodents, EE is modeled using multi-factorial environments that include running, social interactions, and/or complex surroundings. Here, we show that running and running-independent EE differentially affect the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a brain region critical for learning and memory. Outbred male CD1 mice housed individually with a voluntary running disk showed improved spatial memory in the radial arm maze compared to individually- or socially-housed mice with a locked disk. We therefore used RNA sequencing to perform an unbiased interrogation of DG gene expression in mice exposed to either a voluntary running disk (RUN), a locked disk (LD), or a locked disk plus social enrichment and tunnels [i.e., a running-independent complex environment (CE)]. RNA sequencing revealed that RUN and CE mice showed distinct, non-overlapping patterns of transcriptomic changes versus the LD control. Bio-informatics uncovered that the RUN and CE environments modulate separate transcriptional networks, biological processes, cellular compartments and molecular pathways, with RUN preferentially regulating synaptic and growth-related pathways and CE altering extracellular matrix-related functions. Within the RUN group, high-distance runners also showed selective stress pathway alterations that correlated with a drastic decline in overall transcriptional changes, suggesting that excess running causes a stress-induced suppression of running’s genetic effects. Our findings reveal stimulus-dependent transcriptional signatures of EE on the DG, and provide a resource for generating unbiased, data-driven hypotheses for novel mediators of EE-induced cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine-Alexandra Grégoire
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tobin
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brianna L Goldenstein
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Samarut
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andréanne Leclerc
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Aumont
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karl J L Fernandes
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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45
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Zhang J, Guo Y, Wang Y, Song L, Zhang R, Du Y. Long-term treadmill exercise attenuates Aβ burdens and astrocyte activation in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 666:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Goldwaser EL, Acharya NK, Sarkar A, Godsey G, Nagele RG. Breakdown of the Cerebrovasculature and Blood-Brain Barrier: A Mechanistic Link Between Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:445-56. [PMID: 27497477 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are among the most pervasive and devastating disorders that afflict people throughout the world. Although typically associated with older demographics, recent epidemiologic studies have reported parallel trends in decreasing age of onset and increasing incidence of these conditions. Promising research continues to implicate the cerebrovasculature and blood-brain barrier (BBB) as playing key roles in AD pathoetiology. Similarly, complications accompanying DM, such as diabetic nephropathy/retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, have been rooted in vascular compromise. Not surprisingly, DM is now considered a major risk factor for AD. The purpose of this review is to highlight investigations into the role of the cerebrovasculature in the development and progression of AD. We give particular attention to studies on humans and a variety of animal model systems that have demonstrated a link between BBB dysfunction and pathological changes in the brain consistent with aging and AD. Together, these studies suggest that the vascular complications associated with chronic, poorly managed DM can lead to subclinical BBB breakdown that precedes and drives the pathological changes progressing to symptomatic AD, providing a common mechanistic thread connecting these two disorders. Furthermore, this emphasizes the need to focus on the vasculature as a potential therapeutic target with the intent of limiting BBB breakdown involved in disease initiation and progression. In conclusion, AD may be more than just an associated comorbidity of DM, and instead another manifestation of the underlying vascular pathology that is common to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Goldwaser
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Nimish K Acharya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhirup Sarkar
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - George Godsey
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Robert G Nagele
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
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47
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Cheng J, Liu HP, Lee CC, Chen MY, Lin WY, Tsai FJ. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 modulates diabetes and Alzheimer's disease cross-talk: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:267-274. [PMID: 29103177 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with dementia, but whether diabetes is associated with Alzheimer's disease remains controversial. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid beta aggregation. We hypothesized that genes, involved in amyloid beta degradation, may be altered due to diabetes and thus participate in progression of Alzheimer's disease. Expression profiling of amyloid beta-degrading enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and their correlation with expression of amyloid precursor protein in hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients were accessed. We found that matrix metalloproteinase 14 decreased in brain but not in other tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and was negatively correlated with expression of amyloid precursor protein in hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients. These findings suggested matrix metalloproteinase 14 may link insulin-deficient diabetes to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan. .,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan. .,Children's Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
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48
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[Anti-ageing therapies in Alzheimer's disease]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2017; 53:45-53. [PMID: 28549745 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Currently, there are no effective treatments to prevent or delay the natural course of the disease. Numerous studies have provided information about the molecular processes underlying biological ageing and, perhaps more importantly, potential interventions to slow ageing and promote healthy longevity in laboratory model systems. The main issue addressed in this review is whether an intervention that has anti-ageing properties can alter the appearance and/or progression of Alzheimer's disease, a disease in which age is the biggest risk factor. Different anti-ageing interventions have been shown to prevent (and in some cases possibly restore) several parameters recognised as central symptoms to the development of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, they are taking the first steps towards translating these laboratory discoveries into clinical applications.
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49
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Miki Stein A, Munive V, Fernandez AM, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. Acute exercise does not modify brain activity and memory performance in APP/PS1 mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178247. [PMID: 28542392 PMCID: PMC5440045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is the main risk factor for Alzheimer´s disease (AD). With an increasingly aging population, development of affordable screening techniques to determine cognitive status will help identify population-at-risk for further follow-up. Because physical exercise is known to modulate cognitive performance, we used it as a functional test of cognitive health. Mice were submitted to treadmill running at moderate speed for 30 min, and their brain activity was monitored before and after exercise using electrocorticogram (ECG) recordings. After exercise, normal, but not APP/PS1 mice, a well established AD model, showed significantly increased ECG theta rhythm. At the same time normal, but not AD mice, showed significantly enhanced performance in a spatial memory test after exercise. Therefore, we postulate that a running bout coupled to pre- and post-exercise brain activity recordings will help identify individuals with cognitive alterations, by determining the presence or absence of exercise-specific changes in brain activity. Work in humans using a bout of moderate exercise plus electroencephalography, a clinically affordable procedure, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Miki Stein
- Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Ciberned, Madrid, Spain.,Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Munive
- Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Ciberned, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel Nuñez
- School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid. Madrid, Spain
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50
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Wirths O. Altered neurogenesis in mouse models of Alzheimer disease. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1327002. [PMID: 29564360 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1327002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, as well as a variety of other protein fragments, are derived from proteolytical cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and have been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathological changes underlying Alzheimer disease (AD). In AD mouse models, altered neurogenesis has been repeatedly reported to be associated with further AD-typical pathological hallmarks such as extracellular plaque deposition, behavioral deficits or neuroinflammation. While a toxic role of Aβ in neurodegeneration and impaired neuronal progenitor proliferation is likely and well-accepted, recent findings also suggest an important influence of APP-derived proteolitical fragments like the APP intracellular domain (AICD), as well as of APP itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wirths
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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