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Deng S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liang W, Xie L, Li N, Fang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Chi H, Sun Y, Ye R, Shan L, Shi J, Shen Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Brosseau JP, Wang F, Liu G, Quan Y, Xu J. ITPRIPL1 binds CD3ε to impede T cell activation and enable tumor immune evasion. Cell 2024; 187:2305-2323.e33. [PMID: 38614099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has transformed treatment possibilities, but its effectiveness differs significantly among patients, indicating the presence of alternative pathways for immune evasion. Here, we show that ITPRIPL1 functions as an inhibitory ligand of CD3ε, and its expression inhibits T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The binding of ITPRIPL1 extracellular domain to CD3ε on T cells significantly decreased calcium influx and ZAP70 phosphorylation, impeding initial T cell activation. Treatment with a neutralizing antibody against ITPRIPL1 restrained tumor growth and promoted T cell infiltration in mouse models across various solid tumor types. The antibody targeting canine ITPRIPL1 exhibited notable therapeutic efficacy against naturally occurring tumors in pet clinics. These findings highlight the role of ITPRIPL1 (or CD3L1, CD3ε ligand 1) in impeding T cell activation during the critical "signal one" phase. This discovery positions ITPRIPL1 as a promising therapeutic target against multiple tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Deng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Wenhua Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayang Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufan Sun
- BioTroy Therapeutics, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Rui Ye
- BioTroy Therapeutics, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Lishen Shan
- BioTroy Therapeutics, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Brosseau
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Grace Liu
- Arctic Animal Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | | | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Yuan Y, Alzrigat M, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Wang X, Bexelius TS, Johnsen JI, Arsenian-Henriksson M, Liaño-Pons J, Bedoya-Reina OC. Target Genes of c-MYC and MYCN with Prognostic Power in Neuroblastoma Exhibit Different Expressions during Sympathoadrenal Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4599. [PMID: 37760568 PMCID: PMC10527308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the MYC family of transcription factors c-MYC (encoded by MYC), MYCN, and MYCL is prevalent in most human cancers, with an impact on tumor initiation and progression, as well as response to therapy. In neuroblastoma (NB), amplification of the MYCN oncogene and over-expression of MYC characterize approximately 40% and 10% of all high-risk NB cases, respectively. However, the mechanism and stage of neural crest development in which MYCN and c-MYC contribute to the onset and/or progression of NB are not yet fully understood. Here, we hypothesized that subtle differences in the expression of MYCN and/or c-MYC targets could more accurately stratify NB patients in different risk groups rather than using the expression of either MYC gene alone. We employed an integrative approach using the transcriptome of 498 NB patients from the SEQC cohort and previously defined c-MYC and MYCN target genes to model a multigene transcriptional risk score. Our findings demonstrate that defined sets of c-MYC and MYCN targets with significant prognostic value, effectively stratify NB patients into different groups with varying overall survival probabilities. In particular, patients exhibiting a high-risk signature score present unfavorable clinical parameters, including increased clinical risk, higher INSS stage, MYCN amplification, and disease progression. Notably, target genes with prognostic value differ between c-MYC and MYCN, exhibiting distinct expression patterns in the developing sympathoadrenal system. Genes associated with poor outcomes are mainly found in sympathoblasts rather than in chromaffin cells during the sympathoadrenal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Alzrigat
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xueyao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Sjöberg Bexelius
- Paediatric Oncology Unit, Astrid Lindgren’s Children Hospital, SE-171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judit Liaño-Pons
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar C. Bedoya-Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Zage PE, Huo Y, Subramonian D, Le Clorennec C, Ghosh P, Sahoo D. Identification of a novel gene signature for neuroblastoma differentiation using a Boolean implication network. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:313-331. [PMID: 36680522 PMCID: PMC10257350 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although induction of differentiation represents an effective strategy for neuroblastoma treatment, the mechanisms underlying neuroblastoma differentiation are poorly understood. We generated a computational model of neuroblastoma differentiation consisting of interconnected gene clusters identified based on symmetric and asymmetric gene expression relationships. We identified a differentiation signature consisting of series of gene clusters comprised of 1251 independent genes that predicted neuroblastoma differentiation in independent datasets and in neuroblastoma cell lines treated with agents known to induce differentiation. This differentiation signature was associated with patient outcomes in multiple independent patient cohorts and validated the role of MYCN expression as a marker of neuroblastoma differentiation. Our results further identified novel genes associated with MYCN via asymmetric Boolean implication relationships that would not have been identified using symmetric computational approaches and that were associated with both neuroblastoma differentiation and patient outcomes. Our differentiation signature included a cluster of genes involved in intracellular signaling and growth factor receptor trafficking pathways that is strongly associated with neuroblastoma differentiation, and we validated the associations of UBE4B, a gene within this cluster, with neuroblastoma cell and tumor differentiation. Our findings demonstrate that Boolean network analyses of symmetric and asymmetric gene expression relationships can identify novel genes and pathways relevant for neuroblastoma tumor differentiation that could represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Yuchen Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Divya Subramonian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Christophe Le Clorennec
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
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4
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Zhang J. TP53 and TP53-associated genes are correlated with the prognosis of paediatric neuroblastoma. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:41. [PMID: 35655142 PMCID: PMC9164562 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 is rarely mutated in paediatric neuroblastoma. The prognosis of TP53 and TP53-associated genes in paediatric neuroblastoma is unclear. The objectives of the study were to analyse datasets of 2477 paediatric neuroblastoma patients from eight independent cohorts to reveal the prognosis of TP53 and TP53-associated genes. Results High TP53 mRNA expression was associated with shortened event-free survival and overall survival in paediatric neuroblastoma. Moreover, a higher enrichment score of the TP53 signalling pathway was associated with worse clinical outcomes of paediatric neuroblastoma. Among the genes associated with TP53, CCNE1, CDK2 and CHEK2 were correlated with unfavourable clinical outcomes, while SESN1 was correlated with favourable clinical outcomes of paediatric neuroblastoma in the eight independent neuroblastoma cohorts. TP53, CCNE1, CDK2 and CHEK2 were overexpressed in neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification, while SESN1 was downregulated in neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification. CCNE1, SESN1, MYCN amplification and age at diagnosis were independent prognostic markers of neuroblastoma. CCNE1 was also highly expressed in paediatric neuroblastoma patients with an age at diagnosis ≥ 18 months, while SESN1 was downregulated in paediatric neuroblastoma patients with an age at diagnosis ≥ 18 months. Combinations of CCNE1 with age at diagnosis or combinations of SESN1 with age at diagnosis achieved superior prognostic effects in paediatric neuroblastoma. Finally, we constructed a nomogram risk model of paediatric neuroblastoma based on age and TP53, CCNE1, CDK2, CHEK2 and SESN1 expression. The nomogram model could predict the overall survival of paediatric neuroblastoma and MYCN nonamplified paediatric neuroblastoma with high specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions TP53 and TP53-associated genes CCNE1, CDK2, CHEK2 and SESN1 were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of paediatric neuroblastoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-022-01059-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Schaafsma E, Jiang C, Cheng C. B cell infiltration is highly associated with prognosis and an immune-infiltrated tumor microenvironment in neuroblastoma. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2021; 7. [PMID: 34458583 PMCID: PMC8389852 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2021.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Recent advances in immunotherapy Approaches, including in neuroblastoma, have shown the important role of the immune system in mounting an effective anti-tumor response. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive investigation of immune cell infiltration in neuroblastoma utilizing a large number of gene expression datasets. Methods We inferred immune cell infiltration using an established immune inference method and evaluated the association between immune cell abundance and patient prognosis as well as common chromosomal abnormalities found in neuroblastoma. In addition, we evaluated co-infiltration patterns among distinct immune cell types. Results The infiltration of naïve B cells, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells was associated with improved patient prognosis. Naïve B cells were the most consistent indicator of prognosis and associated with an active immune tumor microenvironment. Patients with high B cell infiltration showed high co-infiltration of other immune cell types and the enrichment of immune-related pathways. The presence of high B cell infiltration was associated with both recurrence-free and overall survival, even after adjusting for clinical variables. Conclusion In this study, we have provided a comprehensive evaluation of immune cell infiltration in neuroblastoma using gene expression data. We propose an important role for B cells in the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment and suggest that B cells can be used as a prognostic biomarker to predict recurrence-free and overall survival independently of currently utilized prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Chongming Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, 77030, USA
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6
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Guo YF, Duan JJ, Wang J, Li L, Wang D, Liu XZ, Yang J, Zhang HR, Lv J, Yang YJ, Yang ZY, Cai J, Liao XM, Tang T, Huang TT, Wu F, Yang XY, Wen Q, Bian XW, Yu SC. Inhibition of the ALDH18A1-MYCN positive feedback loop attenuates MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma growth. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/531/eaax8694. [PMID: 32075946 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax8694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (NB) is characterized by poor prognosis, and directly targeting MYCN has proven challenging. Here, we showed that aldehyde dehydrogenase family 18 member A1 (ALDH18A1) exerts profound impacts on the proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity of NB cells and is a potential risk factor in patients with NB, especially those with MYCN amplification. Mechanistic studies revealed that ALDH18A1 could both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally regulate MYCN expression, with MYCN reciprocally transactivating ALDH18A1 and thus forming a positive feedback loop. Using molecular docking and screening, we identified an ALDH18A1-specific inhibitor, YG1702, and demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of ALDH18A1 was sufficient to induce a less proliferative phenotype and confer tumor regression and prolonged survival in NB xenograft models, providing therapeutic insights into the disruption of this reciprocal regulatory loop in MYCN-amplified NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Guo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiang-Jie Duan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xun-Zhou Liu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hua-Rong Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xian-Yan Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China. .,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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7
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He X, Qin C, Zhao Y, Zou L, Zhao H, Cheng C. Gene signatures associated with genomic aberrations predict prognosis in neuroblastoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:105-118. [PMID: 32237073 PMCID: PMC7163660 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to genomic abnormalities and clinical behaviors. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the association between the genetic aberrations and clinical features, it remains one of the major challenges to predict prognosis and stratify patients for determining personalized therapy in this disease. The aim of this study was to develop an effective prognosis prediction model for NB patients. METHODS We integrated diverse computational analyses to define gene signatures that reflect MYCN activity and chromosomal aberrations including deletion of chromosome 1p (Chr1p_del) and chromosome 11q (Chr11q_del) as well as chromosome 11q whole loss (Chr11q_wls). We evaluated the prognostic and predictive values of these signatures in seven NB gene expression datasets (the number of samples ranges from 94 to 498, with a total of 2120) generated from both RNA sequencing and microarray platforms. RESULTS MYCN signature was a more effective prognostic marker than MYCN amplification status and MYCN expression. Similarly, the Chr1p_del score was more prognostic than Chr1p status. The activity scores of MYCN, Chr1p_del and Chr11q_del were associated with poor prognosis, while the Chr11q_wls score was linked to good outcome. We integrated the activity scores of MYCN, Chr1p_del, Chr11q_del, and Chr11q_wls and clinical variables into an integrative prognostic model, which displayed significant performance over the clinical variables or each genomic aberration alone. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative gene signature model shows a significantly improved forecast performance with prognostic and predictive information, and thereby can be served as a biomarker to stratify NB patients for prognosis evaluation and surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400014P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Data ScienceGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLebanonNH03766USA
| | - Chao Qin
- Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and MiningSchool of Computer and Information TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Data ScienceGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLebanonNH03766USA
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Data ScienceGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLebanonNH03766USA
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400014P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data ScienceGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLebanonNH03766USA
- Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
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8
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Qin C, He X, Zhao Y, Tong CY, Zhu KY, Sun Y, Cheng C. Systematic computational identification of prognostic cytogenetic markers in neuroblastoma. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:192. [PMID: 31831008 PMCID: PMC6909636 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor found in children. The frequent gain/loss of many chromosome bands in tumor cells and absence of mutations found at diagnosis suggests that NB is a copy number-driven cancer. Despite the previous work, a systematic analysis that investigates the relationship between such frequent gain/loss of chromosome bands and patient prognosis has yet to be implemented. METHODS First, we analyzed two NB CNV datasets to select chromosomal bands with a high frequency of gain or loss. Second, we applied a computational approach to infer sample-specific CNVs for each chromosomal band selected in step 1 based on gene expression data. Third, we applied univariate Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between the resulting inferred copy number values (iCNVs) and patient survival. Finally, we applied multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to select chromosomal bands that remained significantly associated with prognosis after adjusting for critical clinical variables, including age, stage, gender, and MYCN amplification status. RESULTS Here, we used a computational method to infer the copy number variations (CNVs) of sample-specific chromosome bands from NB patient gene expression profiles. The resulting inferred CNVs (iCNVs) were highly correlated with the experimentally determined CNVs, demonstrating CNVs can be accurately inferred from gene expression profiles. Using this iCNV metric, we identified 58 frequent gain/loss chromosome bands that were significantly associated with patient survival. Furthermore, we found that 7 chromosome bands were still significantly associated with patient survival even when clinical factors, such as MYCN status, were considered. Particularly, we found that the chromosome band chr11p14 has high potential as a novel candidate cytogenetic biomarker for clinical use. CONCLUSION Our analysis resulted in a comprehensive list of prognostic chromosome bands supported by strong statistical evidence. In particular, the chr11p14 gain event provided additional prognostic value in addition to well-established clinical factors, including MYCN status, and thereby represents a novel candidate cytogenetic biomarker with high clinical potential. Additionally, this computational framework could be readily extended to other cancer types, such as leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044 Haidian District China
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM451, Suite 100D, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Chun-Yip Tong
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM451, Suite 100D, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kenneth Y. Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Yongqi Sun
- Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044 Haidian District China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM451, Suite 100D, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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9
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Roderwieser A, Sand F, Walter E, Fischer J, Gecht J, Bartenhagen C, Ackermann S, Otte F, Welte A, Kahlert Y, Lieberz D, Hertwig F, Reinhardt HC, Simon T, Peifer M, Ortmann M, Büttner R, Hero B, O'Sullivan RJ, Berthold F, Fischer M. Telomerase Is a Prognostic Marker of Poor Outcome and a Therapeutic Target in Neuroblastoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-20. [PMID: 35100718 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Telomere maintenance is a hallmark of high-risk neuroblastoma; however, the contribution of telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to clinical phenotypes has remained unclear. We aimed to determine the clinical relevance of telomerase activation versus ALT as biomarkers in pretreatment neuroblastoma and to assess the potential value of telomerase as a therapeutic target. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genomic status of TERT and MYCN was assessed in 457 pretreatment neuroblastomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization. ALT was examined in 273 of 457 tumors by detection of ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies, and TERT expression was determined by microarrays in 223 of these. Cytotoxic effects of telomerase-interacting compounds were analyzed in neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We detected TERT rearrangements in 46 of 457 cases (10.1%), MYCN amplification in 93 of 457 cases (20.4%), and elevated TERT expression in tumors lacking TERT or MYCN alterations in 10 of 223 cases (4.5%). ALT activation was found in 49 of 273 cases (17.9%). All these alterations occurred almost mutually exclusively and were associated with unfavorable prognostic variables and adverse outcome. The presence of activated telomerase (ie, TERT rearrangements, MYCN amplification, or high TERT expression without these alterations) was associated with poorest overall survival and was an independent prognostic marker in multivariable analyses. We also found that the telomerase-interacting compound 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine effectively inhibited viability and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells bearing activated telomerase. Similarly, tumor growth was strongly impaired upon 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine treatment in telomerase-positive neuroblastoma xenografts in mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest telomerase activation and ALT define distinct neuroblastoma subgroups with adverse outcome and that telomerase may represent a promising therapeutic target in many high-risk neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Roderwieser
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Sand
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Walter
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janina Fischer
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Gecht
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartenhagen
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Ackermann
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Otte
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Welte
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kahlert
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Falk Hertwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Simon
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Hero
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Frank Berthold
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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10
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JMJD6 is a tumorigenic factor and therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3319. [PMID: 31346162 PMCID: PMC6658504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17q21-ter is commonly gained in neuroblastoma, but it is unclear which gene in the region is important for tumorigenesis. The JMJD6 gene at 17q21-ter activates gene transcription. Here we show that JMJD6 forms protein complexes with N-Myc and BRD4, and is important for E2F2, N-Myc and c-Myc transcription. Knocking down JMJD6 reduces neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival in vitro and tumor progression in mice, and high levels of JMJD6 expression in human neuroblastoma tissues independently predict poor patient prognosis. In addition, JMJD6 gene is associated with transcriptional super-enhancers. Combination therapy with the CDK7/super-enhancer inhibitor THZ1 and the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat synergistically reduces JMJD6, E2F2, N-Myc, c-Myc expression, induces apoptosis in vitro and leads to neuroblastoma tumor regression in mice, which are significantly reversed by forced JMJD6 over-expression. Our findings therefore identify JMJD6 as a neuroblastoma tumorigenesis factor, and the combination therapy as a treatment strategy.
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11
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Applebaum MA, Barr EK, Karpus J, Nie J, Zhang Z, Armstrong AE, Uppal S, Sukhanova M, Zhang W, Chlenski A, Salwen HR, Wilkinson E, Dobratic M, Grossman R, Godley LA, Stranger BE, He C, Cohn SL. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiles Are Prognostic of Outcome in Neuroblastoma and Reveal Transcriptional Networks That Correlate With Tumor Phenotype. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3. [PMID: 31179414 PMCID: PMC6553657 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole-genome profiles of the epigenetic modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) are robust diagnostic biomarkers in adult patients with cancer. We investigated if 5-hmC profiles would serve as novel prognostic markers in neuroblastoma, a clinically heterogeneous pediatric cancer. Because this DNA modification facilitates active gene expression, we hypothesized that 5-hmC profiles would identify transcriptomic networks driving the clinical behavior of neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nano-hmC-Seal sequencing was performed on DNA from Discovery (n = 51), Validation (n = 38), and Children’s Oncology Group (n = 20) cohorts of neuroblastoma tumors. RNA was isolated from 48 tumors for RNA sequencing. Genes with differential 5-hmC or expression between clusters were identified using DESeq2. A 5-hmC model predicting outcome in high-risk patients was established using linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS Comparison of low- versus high-risk tumors in the Discovery cohort revealed 577 genes with differential 5-hmC. Hierarchical clustering of tumors from the Discovery and Validation cohorts using these genes identified two main clusters highly associated with established prognostic markers, clinical risk group, and outcome. Genes with increased 5-hmC and expression in the favorable cluster were enriched for pathways of neuronal differentiation and KRAS activation, whereas genes involved in inflammation and the PRC2 complex were identified in the unfavorable cluster. The linear discriminant analysis model trained on high-risk Discovery cohort tumors was prognostic of outcome when applied to high-risk tumors from the Validation and Children’s Oncology Group cohorts (hazard ratio, 3.8). CONCLUSION 5-hmC profiles may be optimal DNA-based biomarkers in neuroblastoma. Analysis of transcriptional networks regulated by these epigenomic modifications may lead to a deeper understanding of drivers of neuroblastoma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin K Barr
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX
| | | | - Ji Nie
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuan He
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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12
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Huang CT, Hsieh CH, Lee WC, Liu YL, Yang TS, Hsu WM, Oyang YJ, Huang HC, Juan HF. Therapeutic Targeting of Non-oncogene Dependencies in High-risk Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4063-4078. [PMID: 30952635 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system with diverse clinical behaviors. Genomic amplification of MYCN oncogene has been shown to drive neuroblastoma pathogenesis and correlate with aggressive disease, but the survival rates for those high-risk tumors carrying no MYCN amplification remain equally dismal. The paucity of mutations and molecular heterogeneity has hindered the development of targeted therapies for most advanced neuroblastomas. We use an alternative method to identify potential drugs that target nononcogene dependencies in high-risk neuroblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN By using a gene expression-based integrative approach, we identified prognostic signatures and potentially effective single agents and drug combinations for high-risk neuroblastoma. RESULTS Among these predictions, we validated in vitro efficacies of some investigational and marketed drugs, of which niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug approved by the FDA, was further investigated in vivo. We also quantified the proteomic changes during niclosamide treatment to pinpoint nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3 (NME3) downregulation as a potential mechanism for its antitumor activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish a gene expression-based strategy to interrogate cancer biology and inform drug discovery and repositioning for high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tsung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hui Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Shan Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Oyang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Ackermann S, Cartolano M, Hero B, Welte A, Kahlert Y, Roderwieser A, Bartenhagen C, Walter E, Gecht J, Kerschke L, Volland R, Menon R, Heuckmann JM, Gartlgruber M, Hartlieb S, Henrich KO, Okonechnikov K, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Lefever S, de Wilde B, Sand F, Ikram F, Rosswog C, Fischer J, Theissen J, Hertwig F, Singhi AD, Simon T, Vogel W, Perner S, Krug B, Schmidt M, Rahmann S, Achter V, Lang U, Vokuhl C, Ortmann M, Büttner R, Eggert A, Speleman F, O'Sullivan RJ, Thomas RK, Berthold F, Vandesompele J, Schramm A, Westermann F, Schulte JH, Peifer M, Fischer M. A mechanistic classification of clinical phenotypes in neuroblastoma. Science 2019; 362:1165-1170. [PMID: 30523111 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Its clinical course ranges from spontaneous tumor regression to fatal progression. To investigate the molecular features of the divergent tumor subtypes, we performed genome sequencing on 416 pretreatment neuroblastomas and assessed telomere maintenance mechanisms in 208 of these tumors. We found that patients whose tumors lacked telomere maintenance mechanisms had an excellent prognosis, whereas the prognosis of patients whose tumors harbored telomere maintenance mechanisms was substantially worse. Survival rates were lowest for neuroblastoma patients whose tumors harbored telomere maintenance mechanisms in combination with RAS and/or p53 pathway mutations. Spontaneous tumor regression occurred both in the presence and absence of these mutations in patients with telomere maintenance-negative tumors. On the basis of these data, we propose a mechanistic classification of neuroblastoma that may benefit the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ackermann
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Cartolano
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Hero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Welte
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kahlert
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Roderwieser
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Walter
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Gecht
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Kerschke
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ruth Volland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Moritz Gartlgruber
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, and Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hartlieb
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, and Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, and Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, and Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steve Lefever
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram de Wilde
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Sand
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fakhera Ikram
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Carolina Rosswog
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janina Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Theissen
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Hertwig
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thorsten Simon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Barbara Krug
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Rahmann
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Computer Science, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Viktor Achter
- Computing Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lang
- Computing Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Informatics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry, Department of Pediatric Pathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Monika Ortmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roderick J O'Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI), Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Berthold
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, and Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Li M, Li Z, Guan X, Qin Y. Suppressor gene GRHL1 is associated with prognosis in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4313-4320. [PMID: 30944626 PMCID: PMC6444427 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Grainyhead like transcription factor 1 (GRHL1) is among the key family genes encoding transcription factors that serve important roles in inhibiting tumor cell clone growth, proliferation and the progression of embedded tumor cells. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic value of GRHL1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). GRHL1 mRNA and protein levels were detected in ESCC cell lines and clinical ESCC tissues. The expression of GRHL1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 266 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ESCC samples with the help of Pearson's χ2 test, and Cox regression analysis was employed in order to distinguish independent prognostic factors. The functional role of GRHL1 in ESCC cell lines was assessed by a lentiviral construct containing overexpressed GRHL1, which was then examined by cell growth and foci formation assays. The expression of GRHL1 was downregulated in the majority of examined ESCC cell lines and clinical tissues at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the low expression of GRHL1 was fundamentally associated with a reduced overall survival rate (log-rank test, P<0.001, hazard ratio, 2.073; 95% confidence interval, 1.491–2.881). Additionally, Cox regression analysis revealed that the low expression of GRHL1, together with poor differentiation, constituted independent prognostic factors for the poor survival of patients with ESCC (P<0.05). The results indicated that the GRHL1-overexpressing cells attenuated the invasive capacity of the ESCC cells in vitro. Accordingly, the low expression of GRHL1 is associated with a reduced OS in ESCC, and the overexpression of GRHL1 inhibited cell invasion in ESCC cells. The results of the present study indicated that GRHL1 may serve as a prognostic marker, in addition to being a novel potential target gene for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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15
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Abstract
Microarray-based transcriptomic profiling enables simultaneous measurement of expression of multiple genes from one biological sample. Here we describe a detailed protocol, which serves to examine global gene expression using whole genome oligonucleotide microarrays. We also provide examples of bioinformatics tools, which are helpful in analyses and interpretation of microarray data, and propose further biological assays, to warrant conclusions drawn from transcriptomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domoradzki
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Zeid R, Lawlor MA, Poon E, Reyes JM, Fulciniti M, Lopez MA, Scott TG, Nabet B, Erb MA, Winter GE, Jacobson Z, Polaski DR, Karlin KL, Hirsch RA, Munshi NP, Westbrook TF, Chesler L, Lin CY, Bradner JE. Enhancer invasion shapes MYCN-dependent transcriptional amplification in neuroblastoma. Nat Genet 2018; 50:515-523. [PMID: 29379199 PMCID: PMC6310397 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of the locus encoding the oncogenic transcription factor MYCN is a defining feature of high-risk neuroblastoma. Here we present the first dynamic chromatin and transcriptional landscape of MYCN perturbation in neuroblastoma. At oncogenic levels, MYCN associates with E-box binding motifs in an affinity-dependent manner, binding to strong canonical E-boxes at promoters and invading abundant weaker non-canonical E-boxes clustered at enhancers. Loss of MYCN leads to a global reduction in transcription, which is most pronounced at MYCN target genes with the greatest enhancer occupancy. These highly occupied MYCN target genes show tissue-specific expression and are linked to poor patient survival. The activity of genes with MYCN-occupied enhancers is dependent on the tissue-specific transcription factor TWIST1, which co-occupies enhancers with MYCN and is required for MYCN-dependent proliferation. These data implicate tissue-specific enhancers in defining often highly tumor-specific 'MYC target gene signatures' and identify disruption of the MYCN enhancer regulatory axis as a promising therapeutic strategy in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhamy Zeid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evon Poon
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jaime M Reyes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Lopez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas G Scott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Erb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg E Winter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Jacobson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald R Polaski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen L Karlin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel A Hirsch
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikhil P Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Applebaum MA, Jha AR, Kao C, Hernandez KM, DeWane G, Salwen HR, Chlenski A, Dobratic M, Mariani CJ, Godley LA, Prabhakar N, White K, Stranger BE, Cohn SL. Integrative genomics reveals hypoxia inducible genes that are associated with a poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76816-76826. [PMID: 27765905 PMCID: PMC5340231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is notable for its broad spectrum of clinical behavior ranging from spontaneous regression to rapidly progressive disease. Hypoxia is well known to confer a more aggressive phenotype in neuroblastoma. We analyzed transcriptome data from diagnostic neuroblastoma tumors and hypoxic neuroblastoma cell lines to identify genes whose expression levels correlate with poor patient outcome and are involved in the hypoxia response. By integrating a diverse set of transcriptome datasets, including those from neuroblastoma patients and neuroblastoma derived cell lines, we identified nine genes (SLCO4A1, ENO1, HK2, PGK1, MTFP1, HILPDA, VKORC1, TPI1, and HIST1H1C) that are up-regulated in hypoxia and whose expression levels are correlated with poor patient outcome in three independent neuroblastoma cohorts. Analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and ENCODE data indicate that at least five of these nine genes have an increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and a more open chromatin structure in hypoxia versus normoxia and are putative targets of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as they contain HIF binding sites in their regulatory regions. Four of these genes are key components of the glycolytic pathway and another three are directly involved in cellular metabolism. We experimentally validated our computational findings demonstrating that seven of the nine genes are significantly up-regulated in response to hypoxia in the four neuroblastoma cell lines tested. This compact and robustly validated group of genes, is associated with the hypoxia response in aggressive neuroblastoma and may represent a novel target for biomarker and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Applebaum
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Aashish R Jha
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Clara Kao
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Kyle M Hernandez
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Gillian DeWane
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Helen R Salwen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Chlenski
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Marija Dobratic
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Mariani
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Nanduri Prabhakar
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Center for Data Intensive Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Susan L Cohn
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
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18
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MYCN and HDAC5 transcriptionally repress CD9 to trigger invasion and metastasis in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66344-66359. [PMID: 27572323 PMCID: PMC5341807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic and resistant nature of metastatic neuroblastoma renders it largely incurable with current multimodal treatment. Clinical progression stems mainly from the increasing burden of metastatic colonization. Therapeutically inhibiting the migration-invasion-metastasis cascade would be of great benefit, but the mechanisms driving this cycle are as yet poorly understood. In-depth transcriptome analyses and ChIP-qPCR identified the cell surface glycoprotein, CD9, as a major downstream player and direct target of the recently described GRHL1 tumor suppressor. CD9 is known to block or facilitate cancer cell motility and metastasis dependent upon entity. High-level CD9 expression in primary neuroblastomas correlated with patient survival and established markers for favorable disease. Low-level CD9 expression was an independent risk factor for adverse outcome. MYCN and HDAC5 colocalized to the CD9 promoter and repressed transcription. CD9 expression diminished with progressive tumor development in the TH-MYCN transgenic mouse model for neuroblastoma, and CD9 expression in neuroblastic tumors was far below that in ganglia from wildtype mice. Primary neuroblastomas lacking MYCN amplifications displayed differential CD9 promoter methylation in methyl-CpG-binding domain sequencing analyses, and high-level methylation was associated with advanced stage disease, supporting epigenetic regulation. Inducing CD9 expression in a SH-EP cell model inhibited migration and invasion in Boyden chamber assays. Enforced CD9 expression in neuroblastoma cells transplanted onto chicken chorioallantoic membranes strongly reduced metastasis to embryonic bone marrow. Combined treatment of neuroblastoma cells with HDAC/DNA methyltransferase inhibitors synergistically induced CD9 expression despite hypoxic, metabolic or cytotoxic stress. Our results show CD9 is a critical and indirectly druggable suppressor of the invasion-metastasis cycle in neuroblastoma.
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19
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Schwarzl T, Halasz M, Iljin K, Fey D, Haley B, Whilde J, Haapa-Paananen S, Fey V, Fischer M, Westermann F, Henrich KO, Bannert S, Higgins DG, Kolch W. Wnt signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60310-60331. [PMID: 27531891 PMCID: PMC5312386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is involved in the formation, metastasis and relapse of a wide array of cancers. However, there is ongoing debate as to whether activation or inhibition of the pathway holds the most promise as a therapeutic treatment for cancer, with conflicting evidence from a variety of tumour types. We show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma and colorectal cancer, with hyper-activation or repression of the pathway both representing a promising therapeutic strategy, even within the same cancer type. Hyper-activation directs cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, even in cells oncogenically driven by β-catenin. Wnt inhibition blocks proliferation of cancer cells and promotes neuroblastoma differentiation. Wnt and retinoic acid co-treatments synergise, representing a promising combination treatment for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Additionally, we report novel cross-talks between MYCN and β-catenin signalling, which repress normal β-catenin mediated transcriptional regulation. A β-catenin target gene signature could predict patient outcome, as could the expression level of its DNA binding partners, the TCF/LEFs. This β-catenin signature provides a tool to identify neuroblastoma patients likely to benefit from Wnt-directed therapy. Taken together, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of a number of cancer entities, and potentially a more broadly conserved feature of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bridget Haley
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Whilde
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Vidal Fey
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bannert
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Liu K, He L, Liu Z, Xu J, Liu Y, Kuang Q, Wen Z, Li M. Mutation status coupled with RNA-sequencing data can efficiently identify important non-significantly mutated genes serving as diagnostic biomarkers of endometrial cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:472. [PMID: 29297280 PMCID: PMC5751793 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancers (ECs) are one of the most common types of malignant tumor in females. Substantial efforts had been made to identify significantly mutated genes (SMGs) in ECs and use them as biomarkers for the classification of histological subtypes and the prediction of clinical outcomes. However, the impact of non-significantly mutated genes (non-SMGs), which may also play important roles in the prognosis of EC patients, has not been extensively studied. Therefore, it is essential for the discovery of biomarkers in ECs to further investigate the non-SMGs that were highly associated with clinical outcomes. Results For the 9681 non-SMGs reported by the mutation annotation pipeline, there were 1053, 1273 and 395 non-SMGs differentially expressed between the patient groups divided by the clinical endpoints of histological grade, histological type as well as the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage of ECs, respectively. In the gene set enrichment analysis, the cancer-related pathways, namely neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway, were significantly enriched with the differentially expressed non-SMGs for all the three endpoints. We further identified 23, 19 and 24 non-SMGs, which were highly associated with histological grade, histological type and FIGO stage, respectively, from the differentially expressed non-SMGs by using the variable combination population analysis (VCPA) approach and found that 69.6% (16/23), 78.9% (15/19) and 66.7% (16/24) of the identified non-SMGs had been previously reported to be correlated with cancers. In addition, the averaged areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) achieved by the predictive models with identified non-SMGs as predictors in predicting histological type, histological grade, and FIGO stage were 0.993, 0.961 and 0.832, respectively, which were superior to those achieved by the models with SMGs as features (averaged AUCs = 0.928, 0.864 and 0.535, resp.). Conclusions Besides the SMGs, the non-SMGs reported in the mutation annotation analysis may also involve the crucial genes that were highly associated with clinical outcomes. Combining the mutation status with the gene expression profiles can efficiently identify the cancer-related non-SMGs as predictors for cancer prognostic prediction and provide more supplemental candidates for the discovery of biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-017-1891-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li He
- Biogas Appliance Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Junmei Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qifan Kuang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhining Wen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Petrov I, Suntsova M, Ilnitskaya E, Roumiantsev S, Sorokin M, Garazha A, Spirin P, Lebedev T, Gaifullin N, Larin S, Kovalchuk O, Konovalov D, Prassolov V, Roumiantsev A, Buzdin A. Gene expression and molecular pathway activation signatures of MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83768-83780. [PMID: 29137381 PMCID: PMC5663553 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer arising from sympathetic nervous system. Remarkable heterogeneity in outcomes is one of its widely known features. One of the traits strongly associated with the unfavorable subtype is the amplification of oncogene MYCN. Here, we performed cross-platform biomarker detection by comparing gene expression and pathway activation patterns from the two literature reports and from our experimental dataset, combining profiles for the 761 neuroblastoma patients with known MYCN amplification status. We identified 109 / 25 gene expression / pathway activation biomarkers strongly linked with the MYCN amplification. The marker genes/pathways are involved in the processes of purine nucleotide biosynthesis, ATP-binding, tetrahydrofolate metabolism, building mitochondrial matrix, biosynthesis of amino acids, tRNA aminoacylation and NADP-linked oxidation-reduction processes, as well as in the tyrosine phosphatase activity, p53 signaling, cell cycle progression and the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. To connect molecular functions of the genes involved in MYCN-amplified phenotype, we built a new molecular pathway using known intracellular protein interaction networks. The activation of this pathway was highly selective in discriminating MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas in all three datasets. Our data also suggest that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors may provide new opportunities for the treatment of the MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Petrov
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Suntsova
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Roumiantsev
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiology, N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia.,Pathway Pharmaceuticals, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Garazha
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Biogerontology and Regenerative Medicine, IC Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosow, Russia
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosow, Russia
| | - Nurshat Gaifullin
- Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Larin
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Dmitry Konovalov
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosow, Russia
| | - Alexander Roumiantsev
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Upregulation of LYAR induces neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1645-1654. [PMID: 28686580 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-Myc oncoprotein induces neuroblastoma by regulating gene transcription and consequently causing cell proliferation. Paradoxically, N-Myc is well known to induce apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptosis genes, and it is not clear how N-Myc overexpressing neuroblastoma cells escape N-Myc-mediated apoptosis. The nuclear zinc finger protein LYAR has recently been shown to modulate gene expression by forming a protein complex with the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5. Here we showed that N-Myc upregulated LYAR gene expression by binding to its gene promoter. Genome-wide differential gene expression studies revealed that knocking down LYAR considerably upregulated the expression of oxidative stress genes including CHAC1, which depletes intracellular glutathione and induces oxidative stress. Although knocking down LYAR expression with siRNAs induced oxidative stress, neuroblastoma cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, co-treatment with the glutathione supplement N-acetyl-l-cysteine or co-transfection with CHAC1 siRNAs blocked the effect of LYAR siRNAs. Importantly, high levels of LYAR gene expression in human neuroblastoma tissues predicted poor event-free and overall survival in neuroblastoma patients, independent of the best current markers for poor prognosis. Taken together, our data suggest that LYAR induces proliferation and promotes survival of neuroblastoma cells by repressing the expression of oxidative stress genes such as CHAC1 and suppressing oxidative stress, and identify LYAR as a novel co-factor in N-Myc oncogenesis.
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23
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Wong M, Tee AEL, Milazzo G, Bell JL, Poulos RC, Atmadibrata B, Sun Y, Jing D, Ho N, Ling D, Liu PY, Zhang XD, Hüttelmaier S, Wong JWH, Wang J, Polly P, Perini G, Scarlett CJ, Liu T. The Histone Methyltransferase DOT1L Promotes Neuroblastoma by Regulating Gene Transcription. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2522-2533. [PMID: 28209620 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myc oncoproteins exert tumorigenic effects by regulating expression of target oncogenes. Histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methylation at Myc-responsive elements of target gene promoters is a strict prerequisite for Myc-induced transcriptional activation, and DOT1L is the only known histone methyltransferase that catalyzes H3K79 methylation. Here, we show that N-Myc upregulates DOT1L mRNA and protein expression by binding to the DOT1L gene promoter. shRNA-mediated depletion of DOT1L reduced mRNA and protein expression of N-Myc target genes ODC1 and E2F2 DOT1L bound to the Myc Box II domain of N-Myc protein, and knockdown of DOT1L reduced histone H3K79 methylation and N-Myc protein binding at the ODC1 and E2F2 gene promoters and reduced neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Treatment with the small-molecule DOT1L inhibitor SGC0946 reduced H3K79 methylation and proliferation of MYCN gene-amplified neuroblastoma cells. In mice xenografts of neuroblastoma cells stably expressing doxycycline-inducible DOT1L shRNA, ablating DOT1L expression with doxycycline significantly reduced ODC1 and E2F2 expression, reduced tumor progression, and improved overall survival. In addition, high levels of DOT1L gene expression in human neuroblastoma tissues correlated with high levels of MYCN, ODC1, and E2F2 gene expression and independently correlated with poor patient survival. Taken together, our results identify DOT1L as a novel cofactor in N-Myc-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes and neuroblastoma oncogenesis. Furthermore, they characterize DOT1L inhibitors as novel anticancer agents against MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2522-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew E L Tee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Poulos
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernard Atmadibrata
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuting Sun
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Duohui Jing
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ho
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dora Ling
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pei Yan Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany
| | - Jason W H Wong
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny Wang
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patsie Polly
- Department of Pathology and Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Liu PY, Atmadibrata B, Mondal S, Tee AE, Liu T. NCYM is upregulated by lncUSMycN and modulates N-Myc expression. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2464-2470. [PMID: 27748806 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in early childhood. Patients with neuroblastoma due to the amplification of a 130-kb genomic DNA region containing the MYCN, MYCN antisense NCYM and lncUSMycN genes show poor prognosis. BET bromodomain inhibitors show anticancer efficacy against neuroblastoma partly by reducing MYCN gene transcription and N-Myc mRNA and protein expression. We have previously shown that the long nocoding RNA lncUSMycN upregulates N-Myc mRNA expression by binding to the RNA-binding protein NonO. In this study, we found that lncUSMycN upregulated NCYM expression, and knocking-down lncUSMycN reduced histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation, a marker for active gene transcription, at the NCYM gene promoter. NCYM upregulated N-Myc mRNA expression, NCYM RNA formed a complex with NonO protein, and knocking down NCYM expression reduced neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Importantly, treatment with BET bromodomain inhibitors reduced NCYM expression. In human neuroblastoma patients, high levels of NCYM expression in tumor tissues correlated with high levels of N-Myc, NonO and lncUSMycN expression as well as poor patient prognosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that lncUSMycN upregulates NCYM expression by activating its gene transcription, and that NCYM RNA upregulates N-Myc mRNA expression by binding to NonO. Our findings also provide further evidence for the application of BET bromodomain inhibitors for the therapy of neuroblastoma characterized by MYCN/NCYM gene locus amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Y Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Bernard Atmadibrata
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Sujanna Mondal
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Andrew E Tee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
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25
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Halasz M, Schwarzl T, Fey D, Iljin K, Mehta JP, Killick K, Whilde J, Turriziani B, Haapa-Paananen S, Fey V, Fischer M, Westermann F, Henrich KO, Bannert S, Higgins DG, Kolch W. Integrative omics reveals MYCN as a global suppressor of cellular signalling and enables network-based therapeutic target discovery in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43182-201. [PMID: 26673823 PMCID: PMC4791225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive study, many mysteries remain about the MYCN oncogene's functions. Here we focus on MYCN's role in neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial childhood cancer. MYCN gene amplification occurs in 20% of cases, but other recurrent somatic mutations are rare. This scarcity of tractable targets has hampered efforts to develop new therapeutic options. We employed a multi-level omics approach to examine MYCN functioning and identify novel therapeutic targets for this largely un-druggable oncogene. We used systems medicine based computational network reconstruction and analysis to integrate a range of omic techniques: sequencing-based transcriptomics, genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA screening and interaction proteomics, revealing that MYCN controls highly connected networks, with MYCN primarily supressing the activity of network components. MYCN's oncogenic functions are likely independent of its classical heterodimerisation partner, MAX. In particular, MYCN controls its own protein interaction network by transcriptionally regulating its binding partners. Our network-based approach identified vulnerable therapeutically targetable nodes that function as critical regulators or effectors of MYCN in neuroblastoma. These were validated by siRNA knockdown screens, functional studies and patient data. We identified β-estradiol and MAPK/ERK as having functional cross-talk with MYCN and being novel targetable vulnerabilities of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. These results reveal surprising differences between the functioning of endogenous, overexpressed and amplified MYCN, and rationalise how different MYCN dosages can orchestrate cell fate decisions and cancerous outcomes. Importantly, this work describes a systems-level approach to systematically uncovering network based vulnerabilities and therapeutic targets for multifactorial diseases by integrating disparate omic data types.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jai Prakash Mehta
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Killick
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Whilde
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Vidal Fey
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bannert
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Formicola D, Petrosino G, Lasorsa VA, Pignataro P, Cimmino F, Vetrella S, Longo L, Tonini GP, Oberthuer A, Iolascon A, Fischer M, Capasso M. An 18 gene expression-based score classifier predicts the clinical outcome in stage 4 neuroblastoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:142. [PMID: 27188717 PMCID: PMC4870777 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of children with metastatic stage 4 neuroblastoma (NB) has remained poor in the past decade. Patients and methods Using microarray analyses of 342 primary tumors, we here developed and validated an easy to use gene expression-based risk score including 18 genes, which can robustly predict the outcome of stage 4 patients. Results This classifier was a significant predictor of overall survival in two independent validation cohorts [cohort 1 (n = 214): P = 6.3 × 10−5; cohort 2 (n = 27): P = 3.1 × 10−2]. The prognostic value of the risk score was validated by multivariate analysis including the established markers age and MYCN status (P = 0.027). In the pooled validation cohorts (n = 241), integration of the risk score with the age and/or MYCN status identified subgroups with significantly differing overall survival (ranging from 35 to 100 %). Conclusion Together, the 18-gene risk score classifier can identify patients with stage 4 NB with favorable outcome and may therefore improve risk assessment and treatment stratification of NB patients with disseminated disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0896-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Formicola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petrosino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Vetrella
- Department of Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- U.O.C. Bioterapie, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Laboratory of Neuroblastoma, Onco/Hematology Department SDB University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy
| | - André Oberthuer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy.
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27
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Lau DT, Flemming CL, Gherardi S, Perini G, Oberthuer A, Fischer M, Juraeva D, Brors B, Xue C, Norris MD, Marshall GM, Haber M, Fletcher JI, Ashton LJ. MYCN amplification confers enhanced folate dependence and methotrexate sensitivity in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15510-23. [PMID: 25860940 PMCID: PMC4558167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification occurs in 20% of neuroblastomas and is strongly related to poor clinical outcome. We have identified folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism as highly upregulated in neuroblastoma tumors with MYCN amplification and have validated this finding experimentally by showing that MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines have a higher requirement for folate and are significantly more sensitive to the antifolate methotrexate than cell lines without MYCN amplification. We have demonstrated that methotrexate uptake in neuroblastoma cells is mediated principally by the reduced folate carrier (RFC; SLC19A1), that SLC19A1 and MYCN expression are highly correlated in both patient tumors and cell lines, and that SLC19A1 is a direct transcriptional target of N-Myc. Finally, we assessed the relationship between SLC19A1 expression and patient survival in two independent primary tumor cohorts and found that SLC19A1 expression was associated with increased risk of relapse or death, and that SLC19A1 expression retained prognostic significance independent of age, disease stage and MYCN amplification. This study adds upregulation of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism to the known consequences of MYCN amplification, and suggests that this pathway might be targeted in poor outcome tumors with MYCN amplification and high SLC19A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana T Lau
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudia L Flemming
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - André Oberthuer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chengyuan Xue
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley J Ashton
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Research Portfolio, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Xu J, Thakkar S, Gong B, Tong W. The FDA's Experience with Emerging Genomics Technologies-Past, Present, and Future. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:814-8. [PMID: 27116022 PMCID: PMC4973466 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of emerging genomics technologies and their application for assessing safety and efficacy of FDA-regulated products require a high standard of reliability and robustness supporting regulatory decision-making in the FDA. To facilitate the regulatory application, the FDA implemented a novel data submission program, Voluntary Genomics Data Submission (VGDS), and also to engage the stakeholders. As part of the endeavor, for the past 10 years, the FDA has led an international consortium of regulatory agencies, academia, pharmaceutical companies, and genomics platform providers, which was named MicroArray Quality Control Consortium (MAQC), to address issues such as reproducibility, precision, specificity/sensitivity, and data interpretation. Three projects have been completed so far assessing these genomics technologies: gene expression microarrays, whole genome genotyping arrays, and whole transcriptome sequencing (i.e., RNA-seq). The resultant studies provide the basic parameters for fit-for-purpose application of these new data streams in regulatory environments, and the solutions have been made available to the public through peer-reviewed publications. The latest MAQC project is also called the SEquencing Quality Control (SEQC) project focused on next-generation sequencing. Using reference samples with built-in controls, SEQC studies have demonstrated that relative gene expression can be measured accurately and reliably across laboratories and RNA-seq platforms. Besides prediction performance comparable to microarrays in clinical settings and safety assessments, RNA-seq is shown to have better sensitivity for low expression and reveal novel transcriptomic features. Future effort of MAQC will be focused on quality control of whole genome sequencing and targeted sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Xu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shraddha Thakkar
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Binsheng Gong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
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29
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Zhao Z, Ma X, Sung D, Li M, Kosti A, Lin G, Chen Y, Pertsemlidis A, Hsiao TH, Du L. microRNA-449a functions as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma through inducing cell differentiation and cell cycle arrest. RNA Biol 2016; 12:538-54. [PMID: 25760387 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1023495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA-449a (miR-449a) has been identified to function as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancers. However, the role of miR-449a in neuroblastoma has not been intensively investigated. We recently found that the overexpression of miR-449a significantly induces neuroblastoma cell differentiation, suggesting its potential tumor suppressor function in neuroblastoma. In this study, we further investigated the mechanisms underlying the tumor suppressive function of miR-449a in neuroblastoma. We observed that miR-449a inhibits neuroblastoma cell survival and growth through 2 mechanisms--inducing cell differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Our comprehensive investigations on the dissection of the target genes of miR-449a revealed that 3 novel targets- MFAP4, PKP4 and TSEN15 -play important roles in mediating its differentiation-inducing function. In addition, we further found that its function in inducing cell cycle arrest involves down-regulating its direct targets CDK6 and LEF1. To determine the clinical significance of the miR-449a-mediated tumor suppressive mechanism, we examined the correlation between the expression of these 5 target genes in neuroblastoma tumor specimens and the survival of neuroblastoma patients. Remarkably, we noted that high tumor expression levels of all the 3 miR-449a target genes involved in regulating cell differentiation, but not the target genes involved in regulating cell cycle, are significantly correlated with poor survival of neuroblastoma patients. These results suggest the critical role of the differentiation-inducing function of miR-449a in determining neuroblastoma progression. Overall, our study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the tumor-suppressive function of miR-449a in neuroblastoma, and reveals the potential clinical significance of the miR-449a-mediated tumor suppressive pathway in neuroblastoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Zhao
- a Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute; The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio ; San Antonio , TX USA
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30
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Fey D, Halasz M, Dreidax D, Kennedy SP, Hastings JF, Rauch N, Munoz AG, Pilkington R, Fischer M, Westermann F, Kolch W, Kholodenko BN, Croucher DR. Signaling pathway models as biomarkers: Patient-specific simulations of JNK activity predict the survival of neuroblastoma patients. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra130. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Gu L, Chu P, Lingeman R, McDaniel H, Kechichian S, Hickey RJ, Liu Z, Yuan YC, Sandoval JA, Fields GB, Malkas LH. The Mechanism by Which MYCN Amplification Confers an Enhanced Sensitivity to a PCNA-Derived Cell Permeable Peptide in Neuroblastoma Cells. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1923-31. [PMID: 26844271 PMCID: PMC4703743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of MYC family genes is a hallmark of many malignancies. Unfortunately, these proteins are not amenable to blockade by small molecules or protein-based therapeutic agents. Therefore, we must find alternative approaches to target MYC-driven cancers. Amplification of MYCN, a MYC family member, predicts high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) disease. We have shown that R9-caPep blocks the interaction of PCNA with its binding partners and selectively kills human NB cells, especially those with MYCN amplification, and we now show the mechanism. We found elevated levels of DNA replication stress in MYCN-amplified NB cells. R9-caPep exacerbated DNA replication stress in MYCN-amplified NB cells and NB cells with an augmented level of MYC by interfering with DNA replication fork extension, leading to Chk1 dependence and susceptibility to Chk1 inhibition. We describe how these effects may be exploited for treating NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Robert Lingeman
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Heather McDaniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - Steven Kechichian
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Robert J Hickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Zheng Liu
- Bioinformatic Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Bioinformatic Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - John A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States of America
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Florida Atlantic University and The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States of America
| | - Linda H Malkas
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
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32
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Ikram F, Ackermann S, Kahlert Y, Volland R, Roels F, Engesser A, Hertwig F, Kocak H, Hero B, Dreidax D, Henrich KO, Berthold F, Nürnberg P, Westermann F, Fischer M. Transcription factor activating protein 2 beta (TFAP2B) mediates noradrenergic neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:344-59. [PMID: 26598443 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal pediatric tumor that originates from the developing sympathetic nervous system and shows a broad range of clinical behavior, ranging from fatal progression to differentiation into benign ganglioneuroma. In experimental neuroblastoma systems, retinoic acid (RA) effectively induces neuronal differentiation, and RA treatment has been therefore integrated in current therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying differentiation are still poorly understood. We here investigated the role of transcription factor activating protein 2 beta (TFAP2B), a key factor in sympathetic nervous system development, in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and differentiation. Microarray analyses of primary neuroblastomas (n = 649) demonstrated that low TFAP2B expression was significantly associated with unfavorable prognostic markers as well as adverse patient outcome. We also found that low TFAP2B expression was strongly associated with CpG methylation of the TFAP2B locus in primary neuroblastomas (n = 105) and demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in induction of TFAP2B expression in vitro, suggesting that TFAP2B is silenced by genomic methylation. Tetracycline inducible re-expression of TFAP2B in IMR-32 and SH-EP neuroblastoma cells significantly impaired proliferation and cell cycle progression. In IMR-32 cells, TFAP2B induced neuronal differentiation, which was accompanied by up-regulation of the catecholamine biosynthesizing enzyme genes DBH and TH, and down-regulation of MYCN and REST, a master repressor of neuronal genes. By contrast, knockdown of TFAP2B by lentiviral transduction of shRNAs abrogated RA-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2)c neuroblastoma cells almost completely. Taken together, our results suggest that TFAP2B is playing a vital role in retaining RA responsiveness and mediating noradrenergic neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhera Ikram
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Ackermann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kahlert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Volland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Roels
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Engesser
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Hertwig
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Hayriye Kocak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Hero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Dreidax
- Division Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Berthold
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
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33
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Zheng Y, Qing T, Song Y, Zhu J, Yu Y, Shi W, Pusztai L, Shi L. Standardization efforts enabling next-generation sequencing and microarray based biomarkers for precision medicine. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1265-72. [PMID: 26502353 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microarrays and next-generation sequencing technologies have been increasingly employed in biomedical research. However, before they can be reliably used as clinical biomarker tests, standardization and quality control measures need to be developed to ensure their analytical validity. This review summarizes community-wide efforts such as the MicroArray and Sequencing Quality Control (MAQC/SEQC) project which have identified factors influencing the performance of these technologies. Consequently, consensus-based standards and well-documented best practices have been developed to improve the quality of scientific research, and reference materials and reference datasets have been made available for evaluating the technical proficiency in future studies. These efforts have built the foundation on which the translational application of genomics based technologies can help realize precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Zheng
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Qing
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjie Song
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhang Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering & MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leming Shi
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering & MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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34
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Sun Y, Bell JL, Carter D, Gherardi S, Poulos RC, Milazzo G, Wong JW, Al-Awar R, Tee AE, Liu PY, Liu B, Atmadibrata B, Wong M, Trahair T, Zhao Q, Shohet JM, Haupt Y, Schulte JH, Brown PJ, Arrowsmith CH, Vedadi M, MacKenzie KL, Hüttelmaier S, Perini G, Marshall GM, Braithwaite A, Liu T. WDR5 Supports an N-Myc Transcriptional Complex That Drives a Protumorigenic Gene Expression Signature in Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5143-54. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Schwarzl T, Higgins DG, Kolch W, Duffy DJ. Measuring Transcription Rate Changes via Time-Course 4-Thiouridine Pulse-Labelling Improves Transcriptional Target Identification. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3368-74. [PMID: 26362006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying changes in the transcriptional regulation of target genes from high-throughput studies is important for unravelling molecular mechanisms controlled by a given perturbation. When measuring global transcript levels only, the effect of the perturbation [e.g., transcription factor (TF) overexpression or drug treatment] on its target genes is often obscured by delayed feedback and secondary effects until the changes are fully propagated. As a proof of principle, we show that selective measuring of transcripts that are only synthesised after a perturbation [4-thiouridine (4sU) sequencing (4sU-seq)] is a more sensitive method to identify targets and time-dependent transcriptional responses than global transcript profiling. By metabolically labelling RNA in a time-course setup, we could vastly increase the sensitivity of MYCN target gene detection compared to traditional RNA sequencing. The validity of targets identified by 4sU-seq was demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and neuroblastoma microarray tumour data. Here, we describe the methodology, both molecular biology and computational aspects, required to successfully apply this 4sU-seq approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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36
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Zhang W, Yu Y, Hertwig F, Thierry-Mieg J, Zhang W, Thierry-Mieg D, Wang J, Furlanello C, Devanarayan V, Cheng J, Deng Y, Hero B, Hong H, Jia M, Li L, Lin SM, Nikolsky Y, Oberthuer A, Qing T, Su Z, Volland R, Wang C, Wang MD, Ai J, Albanese D, Asgharzadeh S, Avigad S, Bao W, Bessarabova M, Brilliant MH, Brors B, Chierici M, Chu TM, Zhang J, Grundy RG, He MM, Hebbring S, Kaufman HL, Lababidi S, Lancashire LJ, Li Y, Lu XX, Luo H, Ma X, Ning B, Noguera R, Peifer M, Phan JH, Roels F, Rosswog C, Shao S, Shen J, Theissen J, Tonini GP, Vandesompele J, Wu PY, Xiao W, Xu J, Xu W, Xuan J, Yang Y, Ye Z, Dong Z, Zhang KK, Yin Y, Zhao C, Zheng Y, Wolfinger RD, Shi T, Malkas LH, Berthold F, Wang J, Tong W, Shi L, Peng Z, Fischer M. Comparison of RNA-seq and microarray-based models for clinical endpoint prediction. Genome Biol 2015; 16:133. [PMID: 26109056 PMCID: PMC4506430 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiling is being widely applied in cancer research to identify biomarkers for clinical endpoint prediction. Since RNA-seq provides a powerful tool for transcriptome-based applications beyond the limitations of microarrays, we sought to systematically evaluate the performance of RNA-seq-based and microarray-based classifiers in this MAQC-III/SEQC study for clinical endpoint prediction using neuroblastoma as a model. Results We generate gene expression profiles from 498 primary neuroblastomas using both RNA-seq and 44 k microarrays. Characterization of the neuroblastoma transcriptome by RNA-seq reveals that more than 48,000 genes and 200,000 transcripts are being expressed in this malignancy. We also find that RNA-seq provides much more detailed information on specific transcript expression patterns in clinico-genetic neuroblastoma subgroups than microarrays. To systematically compare the power of RNA-seq and microarray-based models in predicting clinical endpoints, we divide the cohort randomly into training and validation sets and develop 360 predictive models on six clinical endpoints of varying predictability. Evaluation of factors potentially affecting model performances reveals that prediction accuracies are most strongly influenced by the nature of the clinical endpoint, whereas technological platforms (RNA-seq vs. microarrays), RNA-seq data analysis pipelines, and feature levels (gene vs. transcript vs. exon-junction level) do not significantly affect performances of the models. Conclusions We demonstrate that RNA-seq outperforms microarrays in determining the transcriptomic characteristics of cancer, while RNA-seq and microarray-based models perform similarly in clinical endpoint prediction. Our findings may be valuable to guide future studies on the development of gene expression-based predictive models and their implementation in clinical practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0694-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Falk Hertwig
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean Thierry-Mieg
- NIH/NCBI, Bldg 38A/Room 8S808, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Eli Lilly and Company Research Informatics, Lilly Corporate Center, Drop Code 0725, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Cesare Furlanello
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Trento Povo, TN, Italy
| | - Viswanath Devanarayan
- AbbVie Inc., Global Pharmaceutical R&D, 32 Knights Crest Court, Souderton, PA, 18964, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- GlaxoSmithKline, Discovery Analytics, Mailstop UP4335, 1250 South Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Cancer Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Barbara Hero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Meiwen Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Li
- SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Simon M Lin
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Biomedical Informatics Research Center, 1000 N Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Yuri Nikolsky
- Thomson Reuters IP & Science, 5901 Priesty Drive, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - André Oberthuer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tao Qing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenqiang Su
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Ruth Volland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics and Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - May D Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, GeorgiaTech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Junmei Ai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Cancer Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Davide Albanese
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, CRI-CBC, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | | | - Smadar Avigad
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Molecular Oncology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, 49202, Israel
| | - Wenjun Bao
- SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Marina Bessarabova
- Thomson Reuters IP & Science, 5901 Priesty Drive, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Murray H Brilliant
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Center of Human Genetics, 1000 N Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Chierici
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Trento Povo, TN, Italy
| | - Tzu-Ming Chu
- SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Jibin Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Richard G Grundy
- University of Nottingham, Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, D Floor Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Min Max He
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Biomedical Informatics Research Center, 1000 N Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Scott Hebbring
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Center of Human Genetics, 1000 N Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Cancer Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Samir Lababidi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, WOC1 RM400S, HFM-210, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Lee J Lancashire
- Thomson Reuters IP & Science, 5901 Priesty Drive, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Cancer Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xin X Lu
- AbbVie Inc., Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Heng Luo
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,University of Arkansas at Little Rock, UALR/UAMS Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Xiwen Ma
- Eli Lilly and Company, Discovery Statistics, Lilly Corporate Center, Drop Code 2036, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Baitang Ning
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Medical School, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Peifer
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - John H Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, GeorgiaTech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Frederik Roels
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Rosswog
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susan Shao
- SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jessica Theissen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, SDB Department, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Po-Yen Wu
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wenzhong Xiao
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joshua Xu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Weihong Xu
- Stanford University, Stanford Genome Technology Center, 855 South California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jiekun Xuan
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Eli Lilly and Company Research Informatics, Lilly Corporate Center, Drop Code 0725, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Zhan Ye
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Biomedical Informatics Research Center, 1000 N Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Zirui Dong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Ke K Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, 501 N. Columbia Road RM 3573, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Tieliu Shi
- East China Normal University, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Linda H Malkas
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Frank Berthold
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.,King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Leming Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China. .,BGI-Guangzhou, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 280, Waihuan East Rd., Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany. .,University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924, Cologne, Germany.
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37
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Ackermann S, Kocak H, Hero B, Ehemann V, Kahlert Y, Oberthuer A, Roels F, Theißen J, Odenthal M, Berthold F, Fischer M. FOXP1 inhibits cell growth and attenuates tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:840. [PMID: 25406647 PMCID: PMC4251948 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmental genomic copy number alterations, such as loss of 11q or 3p and gain of 17q, are well established markers of poor outcome in neuroblastoma, and have been suggested to comprise tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, respectively. The gene forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) maps to chromosome 3p14.1, a tumor suppressor locus deleted in many human cancers including neuroblastoma. FoxP1 belongs to a family of winged-helix transcription factors that are involved in processes of cellular proliferation, differentiation and neoplastic transformation. METHODS Microarray expression profiles of 476 neuroblastoma specimens were generated and genes differentially expressed between favorable and unfavorable neuroblastoma were identified. FOXP1 expression was correlated to clinical markers and patient outcome. To determine whether hypermethylation is involved in silencing of FOXP1, methylation analysis of the 5' region of FOXP1 in 47 neuroblastomas was performed. Furthermore, FOXP1 was re-expressed in three neuroblastoma cell lines to study the effect of FOXP1 on growth characteristics of neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS Low expression of FOXP1 is associated with markers of unfavorable prognosis like stage 4, age >18 months and MYCN amplification and unfavorable gene expression-based classification (P < 0.001 each). Moreover, FOXP1 expression predicts patient outcome accurately and independently from well-established prognostic markers. Array-based CGH analysis of 159 neuroblastomas revealed that heterozygous loss of the FOXP1 locus was a rare event (n = 4), but if present, was associated with low FOXP1 expression. By contrast, DNA methylation analysis in 47 neuroblastomas indicated that hypermethylation is not regularly involved in FOXP1 gene silencing. Re-expression of FoxP1 significantly impaired cell proliferation, viability and colony formation in soft agar. Furthermore, induction of FOXP1 expression led to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death of neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that down-regulation of FOXP1 expression is a common event in high-risk neuroblastoma pathogenesis and may contribute to tumor progression and unfavorable patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ackermann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50924, Germany.
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38
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Oberthuer A, Juraeva D, Hero B, Volland R, Sterz C, Schmidt R, Faldum A, Kahlert Y, Engesser A, Asgharzadeh S, Seeger R, Ohira M, Nakagawara A, Scaruffi P, Tonini GP, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Delattre O, Schleiermacher G, Vandesompele J, Speleman F, Noguera R, Piqueras M, Bénard J, Valent A, Avigad S, Yaniv I, Grundy RG, Ortmann M, Shao C, Schwab M, Eils R, Simon T, Theissen J, Berthold F, Westermann F, Brors B, Fischer M. Revised risk estimation and treatment stratification of low- and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma patients by integrating clinical and molecular prognostic markers. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:1904-15. [PMID: 25231397 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize neuroblastoma treatment stratification, we aimed at developing a novel risk estimation system by integrating gene expression-based classification and established prognostic markers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gene expression profiles were generated from 709 neuroblastoma specimens using customized 4 × 44 K microarrays. Classification models were built using 75 tumors with contrasting courses of disease. Validation was performed in an independent test set (n = 634) by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The best-performing classifier predicted patient outcome with an accuracy of 0.95 (sensitivity, 0.93; specificity, 0.97) in the validation cohort. The highest potential clinical value of this predictor was observed for current low-risk patients [5-year event-free survival (EFS), 0.84 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.10; 5-year overall survival (OS), 0.99 ± 0.01 vs. 0.76 ± 0.11; both P < 0.001] and intermediate-risk patients (5-year EFS, 0.88 ± 0.06 vs. 0.41 ± 0.10; 5-year OS, 1.0 vs. 0.70 ± 0.09; both P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression models for low-risk/intermediate-risk patients, the classifier outperformed risk assessment of the current German trial NB2004 [EFS: hazard ratio (HR), 5.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.20-8.02; OS: HR, 25.54; 95% CI, 8.40-77.66; both P < 0.001]. On the basis of these findings, we propose to integrate the classifier into a revised risk stratification system for low-risk/intermediate-risk patients. According to this system, we identified novel subgroups with poor outcome (5-year EFS, 0.19 ± 0.08; 5-year OS, 0.59 ± 0.1), for whom we propose intensified treatment, and with beneficial outcome (5-year EFS, 0.87 ± 0.05; 5-year OS, 1.0), who may benefit from treatment de-escalation. CONCLUSIONS Combination of gene expression-based classification and established prognostic markers improves risk estimation of patients with low-risk/intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. We propose to implement our revised treatment stratification system in a prospective clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Oberthuer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Hero
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Volland
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Sterz
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rene Schmidt
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faldum
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kahlert
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Engesser
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Seeger
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Miki Ohira
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuoh-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Paola Scaruffi
- Center of Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, National Cancer Research Institute (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Laboratory of Neuroblastoma, Onco/Hematology Laboratory Department SDB University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Piqueras
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jean Bénard
- Department of Tumor Genetics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexander Valent
- Department of Tumor Genetics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Smadar Avigad
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Petah Tikva, Israel. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac Yaniv
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Petah Tikva, Israel. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Cancer Leukaemia Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Ortmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chunxuan Shao
- Department of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schwab
- Department of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Simon
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Theissen
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Berthold
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Department of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Teh HF, Neoh BK, Wong YC, Kwong QB, Ooi TEK, Ng TLM, Tiong SH, Low JYS, Danial AD, Ersad MA, Kulaveerasingam H, Appleton DR. Hormones, polyamines, and cell wall metabolism during oil palm fruit mesocarp development and ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8143-52. [PMID: 25032485 DOI: 10.1021/jf500975h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm is one of the most productive oil-producing crops and can store up to 90% oil in its fruit mesocarp. Oil palm fruit is a sessile drupe consisting of a fleshy mesocarp from which palm oil is extracted. Biochemical changes in the mesocarp cell walls, polyamines, and hormones at different ripening stages of oil palm fruits were studied, and the relationship between the structural and the biochemical metabolism of oil palm fruits during ripening is discussed. Time-course analysis of the changes in expression of polyamines, hormones, and cell-wall-related genes and metabolites provided insights into the complex processes and interactions involved in fruit development. Overall, a strong reduction in auxin-responsive gene expression was observed from 18 to 22 weeks after pollination. High polyamine concentrations coincided with fruit enlargement during lipid accumulation and latter stages of maturation. The trend of abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was concordant with GA₄ but opposite to the GA₃ profile such that as ABA levels increase the resulting elevated ABA/GA₃ ratio clearly coincides with maturation. Polygalacturonase, expansin, and actin gene expressions were also observed to increase during fruit maturation. The identification of the master regulators of these coordinated processes may allow screening for oil palm variants with altered ripening profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Fang Teh
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, First Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Dreidax D, Bannert S, Henrich KO, Schröder C, Bender S, Oakes CC, Lindner S, Schulte JH, Duffy D, Schwarzl T, Saadati M, Ehemann V, Benner A, Pfister S, Fischer M, Westermann F. p19-INK4d inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth, induces differentiation and is hypermethylated and downregulated in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6826-37. [PMID: 25104850 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell cycle entry, resulting from deregulated CDK-RB1-E2F pathway activity, is a crucial determinant of neuroblastoma cell malignancy. Here we identify neuroblastoma-suppressive functions of the p19-INK4d CDK inhibitor and uncover mechanisms of its repression in high-risk neuroblastomas. Reduced p19-INK4d expression was associated with poor event-free and overall survival and neuroblastoma risk factors including amplified MYCN in a set of 478 primary neuroblastomas. High MYCN expression repressed p19-INK4d mRNA and protein levels in different neuroblastoma cell models with conditional MYCN expression. MassARRAY and 450K methylation analyses of 105 primary neuroblastomas uncovered a differentially methylated region within p19-INK4d. Hypermethylation of this region was associated with reduced p19-INK4d expression. In accordance, p19-INK4d expression was activated upon treatment with the demethylating agent, 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine, in neuroblastoma cell lines. Ectopic p19-INK4d expression decreased viability, clonogenicity and the capacity for anchorage-independent growth of neuroblastoma cells, and shifted the cell cycle towards the G1/0 phase. p19-INK4d also induced neurite-like processes and markers of neuronal differentiation. Moreover, neuroblastoma cell differentiation, induced by all-trans retinoic acid or NGF-NTRK1-signaling, activated p19-INK4d expression. Our findings pinpoint p19-INK4d as a neuroblastoma suppressor and provide evidence for MYCN-mediated repression and for epigenetic silencing of p19-INK4d by DNA hypermethylation in high-risk neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - David Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maral Saadati
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Ehemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
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41
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Shahbazi J, Scarlett CJ, Norris MD, Liu B, Haber M, Tee AE, Carrier A, Biankin AV, London WB, Marshall GM, Lock RB, Liu T. Histone deacetylase 2 and N-Myc reduce p53 protein phosphorylation at serine 46 by repressing gene transcription of tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1. Oncotarget 2014; 5:4257-68. [PMID: 24952595 PMCID: PMC4147321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc oncoproteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs) exert oncogenic effects by modulating gene transcription. Paradoxically, N-Myc induces p53 gene expression. Tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) phosphorylates p53 protein at serine 46, leading to enhanced p53 activity, transcriptional activation of p53 target genes and programmed cell death. Here we aimed to identify the mechanism through which N-Myc overexpressing p53 wild-type neuroblastoma cells acquired resistance to apoptosis. TP53INP1 was found to be one of the genes most significantly repressed by HDAC2 and N-Myc according to Affymetrix microarray gene expression datasets. HDAC2 and N-Myc reduced TP53INP1 gene expression by direct binding to the TP53INP1 gene promoter, leading to transcriptional repression of TP53INP1, p53 protein de-phosphorylation at serine 46, neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, low levels of TP53INP1 expression in human neuroblastoma tissues correlated with high levels of N-Myc expression and poor patient outcome, and the BET bromodomain inhibitors JQ1 and I-BET151 reduced N-Myc expression and reactivated TP53INP1 expression in neuroblastoma cells. These findings identify TP53INP1 repression as an important co-factor for N-Myc oncogenesis, and provide further evidence for the potential application of BET bromodomain inhibitors in the therapy of N-Myc-induced neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyran Shahbazi
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Murray D. Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew E. Tee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alice Carrier
- INSERM, U1068, CRCM ‘Stress cellulaire’, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy B. London
- Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center and Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glenn M. Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard B. Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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42
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Liu PY, Erriquez D, Marshall GM, Tee AE, Polly P, Wong M, Liu B, Bell JL, Zhang XD, Milazzo G, Cheung BB, Fox A, Swarbrick A, Hüttelmaier S, Kavallaris M, Perini G, Mattick JS, Dinger ME, Liu T. Effects of a novel long noncoding RNA, lncUSMycN, on N-Myc expression and neuroblastoma progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju113. [PMID: 24906397 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with neuroblastoma due to the amplification of a 130-kb genomic DNA region containing the MYCN oncogene have poor prognoses. METHODS Bioinformatics data were used to discover a novel long noncoding RNA, lncUSMycN, at the 130-kb amplicon. RNA-protein pull-down assays were used to identify proteins bound to lncUSMycN RNA. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, multivariable Cox regression, and two-sided log-rank test were used to examine the prognostic value of lncUSMycN and NonO expression in three cohorts of neuroblastoma patients (n = 47, 88, and 476, respectively). Neuroblastoma-bearing mice were treated with antisense oligonucleotides targeting lncUSMycN (n = 12) or mismatch sequence (n = 13), and results were analyzed by multiple comparison two-way analysis of variance. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Bioinformatics data predicted lncUSMycN gene and RNA, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed its three exons and two introns. The lncUSMycN gene was coamplified with MYCN in 88 of 341 human neuroblastoma tissues. lncUSMycN RNA bound to the RNA-binding protein NonO, leading to N-Myc RNA upregulation and neuroblastoma cell proliferation. High levels of lncUSMycN and NonO expression in human neuroblastoma tissues independently predicted poor patient prognoses (lncUSMycN: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 3.28, P = .03; NonO: HR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.34 to 4.57, P = .004). Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides targeting lncUSMycN in neuroblastoma-bearing mice statistically significantly hindered tumor progression (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the important roles of lncUSMycN and NonO in regulating N-Myc expression and neuroblastoma oncogenesis and provide the first evidence that amplification of long noncoding RNA genes can contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Y Liu
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Daniela Erriquez
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Andrew E Tee
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Patsie Polly
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Mathew Wong
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Bing Liu
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Xu D Zhang
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Archa Fox
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - John S Mattick
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL)
| | - Tao Liu
- Affiliations of authors: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick NSW, Australia (PYL, GMM, AET, MW, BL, BBC, MK, TL); Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (DE, GM, GP); Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia (GMM); Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia (PP); Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University, ZAMED, Halle, Germany (JLB, SH); School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia (XDZ); Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia (AF); Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS); St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Randwick NSW, Australia (MK); Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia (AS, JSM, MED); School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia (TL).
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Novianti PW, Roes KCB, Eijkemans MJC. Evaluation of gene expression classification studies: factors associated with classification performance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96063. [PMID: 24770439 PMCID: PMC4000205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classification methods used in microarray studies for gene expression are diverse in the way they deal with the underlying complexity of the data, as well as in the technique used to build the classification model. The MAQC II study on cancer classification problems has found that performance was affected by factors such as the classification algorithm, cross validation method, number of genes, and gene selection method. In this paper, we study the hypothesis that the disease under study significantly determines which method is optimal, and that additionally sample size, class imbalance, type of medical question (diagnostic, prognostic or treatment response), and microarray platform are potentially influential. A systematic literature review was used to extract the information from 48 published articles on non-cancer microarray classification studies. The impact of the various factors on the reported classification accuracy was analyzed through random-intercept logistic regression. The type of medical question and method of cross validation dominated the explained variation in accuracy among studies, followed by disease category and microarray platform. In total, 42% of the between study variation was explained by all the study specific and problem specific factors that we studied together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri W Novianti
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kit C B Roes
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J C Eijkemans
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chen JJ, Lin WJ, Chen HC. Pharmacogenomic biomarkers for personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:969-80. [PMID: 23746190 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics examines how the benefits and adverse effects of a drug vary among patients in a target population by analyzing genomic profiles of individual patients. Personalized medicine prescribes specific therapeutics that best suit an individual patient. Much current research focuses on developing genomic biomarkers to identify patients, to identify which patients would benefit from a treatment, have an adverse response, or no response at all, prior to treatment according to relevant differences in risk factors, disease types and/or responses to therapy. This review describes the use of the two personalized medicine biomarkers, prognostic and predictive, to classify patients into subgroups for treatment recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-20, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Fabian J, Lodrini M, Oehme I, Schier MC, Thole TM, Hielscher T, Kopp-Schneider A, Opitz L, Capper D, von Deimling A, Wiegand I, Milde T, Mahlknecht U, Westermann F, Popanda O, Roels F, Hero B, Berthold F, Fischer M, Kulozik AE, Witt O, Deubzer HE. GRHL1 acts as tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma and is negatively regulated by MYCN and HDAC3. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2604-16. [PMID: 24419085 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonic solid tumor of neural crest origin and accounts for 11% of all cancer-related deaths in children. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently required. MYCN oncogene amplification, which occurs in 20% of neuroblastomas, is a hallmark of high risk. Here, we aimed to exploit molecular mechanisms that can be pharmacologically addressed with epigenetically modifying drugs, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Grainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1), a gene critical for Drosophila neural development, belonged to the genes most strongly responding to HDAC inhibitor treatment of neuroblastoma cells in a genome-wide screen. An increase in the histone H4 pan-acetylation associated with its promoter preceded transcriptional activation. Physically adjacent, HDAC3 and MYCN colocalized to the GRHL1 promoter and repressed its transcription. High-level GRHL1 expression in primary neuroblastomas correlated on transcriptional and translational levels with favorable patient survival and established clinical and molecular markers for favorable tumor biology, including lack of MYCN amplification. Enforced GRHL1 expression in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells with low endogenous GRHL1 levels abrogated anchorage-independent colony formation, inhibited proliferation, and retarded xenograft growth in mice. GRHL1 knockdown in MYCN single-copy cells with high endogenous GRHL1 levels promoted colony formation. GRHL1 regulated 170 genes genome-wide, and most were involved in pathways regulated during neuroblastomagenesis, including nervous system development, proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cellular differentiation. In summary, the data presented here indicate a significant role of HDAC3 in the MYCN-mediated repression of GRHL1 and suggest drugs that block HDAC3 activity and suppress MYCN expression as promising candidates for novel treatment strategies of high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fabian
- Authors' Affiliations: Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology; Departments of Biostatistics and Tumor Genetics; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology; Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Departments of Neuropathology and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Transcriptome Analysis Laboratory, University of Goettingen, Goettingen; St. Lukas Klinik Solingen, Solingen; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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46
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Chen Y, Pan Y, Zhang B, Wang J. Analyzing abundance of mRNA molecules with a near-infrared fluorescence technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:537-48. [PMID: 24317515 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a simple method for analyzing the abundance of mRNA molecules in a total DNA sample. Due to the dependence on the near-infrared fluorescence technique, this method is named near-infrared fluorescence gene expression detection (NIRF-GED). The procedure has three steps: (1) isolating total RNA from detected samples and reverse-transcription into cDNA with a biotin-labeled oligo dT; (2) hybridizing cDNA to oligonucleotide probes coupled to a 96-well microplate; and (3) detecting biotins with NIRF-labeled streptavidin. The method was evaluated by performing proof-in-concept detections of absolute and relative expressions of housekeeping and NF-κB target genes in HeLa cells. As a result, the absolute expression of three genes, Ccl20, Cxcl2, and Gapdh, in TNF-α-uninduced HeLa cells was determined with a standard curve constructed on the same microplate, and the relative expression of five genes, Ccl20, Cxcl2, Il-6, STAT5A, and Gapdh, in TNF-α-induced and -uninduced HeLa cells was measured by using NIRF-GED. The results were verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and DNA microarray detections. The biggest advantage of NIRF-GED over the current techniques lies in its independence of exponential or linear amplification of nucleic acids. Moreover, NIRF-GED also has several other benefits, including high sensitivity as low as several fmols, absolute quantification in the range of 9 to 147 fmols, low cDNA consumption similar to qPCR template, and the current medium throughput in 96-well microplate format and future high throughput in DNA microarray format. NIRF-GED thus provides a new tool for analyzing gene transcripts and other nucleic acid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Reverse engineering the neuroblastoma regulatory network uncovers MAX as one of the master regulators of tumor progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82457. [PMID: 24349289 PMCID: PMC3857773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumor and a major cause of infant cancer mortality worldwide. Despite its importance, little is known about its molecular mechanisms. A striking feature of this tumor is its clinical heterogeneity. Possible outcomes range from aggressive invasion to other tissues, causing patient death, to spontaneous disease regression or differentiation into benign ganglioneuromas. Several efforts have been made in order to find tumor progression markers. In this work, we have reconstructed the neuroblastoma regulatory network using an information-theoretic approach in order to find genes involved in tumor progression and that could be used as outcome predictors or as therapeutic targets. We have queried the reconstructed neuroblastoma regulatory network using an aggressive neuroblastoma metastasis gene signature in order to find its master regulators (MRs). MRs expression profiles were then investigated in other neuroblastoma datasets so as to detect possible clinical significance. Our analysis pointed MAX as one of the MRs of neuroblastoma progression. We have found that higher MAX expression correlated with favorable patient outcomes. We have also found that MAX expression and protein levels were increased during neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells differentiation. We propose that MAX is involved in neuroblastoma progression, possibly increasing cell differentiation by means of regulating the availability of MYC:MAX heterodimers. This mechanism is consistent with the results found in our SH-SY5Y differentiation protocol, suggesting that MAX has a more central role in these cells differentiation than previously reported. Overexpression of MAX has been identified as anti-tumorigenic in other works, but, to our knowledge, this is the first time that the link between the expression of this gene and malignancy was verified under physiological conditions.
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Kocak H, Ackermann S, Hero B, Kahlert Y, Oberthuer A, Juraeva D, Roels F, Theissen J, Westermann F, Deubzer H, Ehemann V, Brors B, Odenthal M, Berthold F, Fischer M. Hox-C9 activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and is associated with spontaneous regression in neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e586. [PMID: 23579273 PMCID: PMC3668636 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system. Spontaneous regression and differentiation of neuroblastoma is observed in a subset of patients, and has been suggested to represent delayed activation of physiologic molecular programs of fetal neuroblasts. Homeobox genes constitute an important family of transcription factors, which play a fundamental role in morphogenesis and cell differentiation during embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of the majority of the human HOX class I homeobox genes is significantly associated with clinical covariates in neuroblastoma using microarray expression data of 649 primary tumors. Moreover, a HOX gene expression-based classifier predicted neuroblastoma patient outcome independently of age, stage and MYCN amplification status. Among all HOX genes, HOXC9 expression was most prominently associated with favorable prognostic markers. Most notably, elevated HOXC9 expression was significantly associated with spontaneous regression in infant neuroblastoma. Re-expression of HOXC9 in three neuroblastoma cell lines led to a significant reduction in cell viability, and abrogated tumor growth almost completely in neuroblastoma xenografts. Neuroblastoma growth arrest was related to the induction of programmed cell death, as indicated by an increase in the sub-G1 fraction and translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane. Programmed cell death was associated with the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol and activation of the intrinsic cascade of caspases, indicating that HOXC9 re-expression triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Collectively, our results show a strong prognostic impact of HOX gene expression in neuroblastoma, and may point towards a role of Hox-C9 in neuroblastoma spontaneous regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kocak
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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49
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Batra R, Harder N, Gogolin S, Diessl N, Soons Z, Jäger-Schmidt C, Lawerenz C, Eils R, Rohr K, Westermann F, König R. Time-lapse imaging of neuroblastoma cells to determine cell fate upon gene knockdown. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50988. [PMID: 23251412 PMCID: PMC3521006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of early childhood. Standard therapies are not effective in case of poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. To improve drug therapy, it is imperative to discover new targets that play a substantial role in tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma. The mitotic machinery is an attractive target for therapeutic interventions and inhibitors can be developed to target mitotic entry, spindle apparatus, spindle activation checkpoint, and mitotic exit. We present an elaborate analysis pipeline to determine cancer specific therapeutic targets by first performing a focused gene expression analysis to select genes followed by a gene knockdown screening assay of live cells. We interrogated gene expression studies of neuroblastoma tumors and selected 240 genes relevant for tumorigenesis and cell cycle. With these genes we performed time-lapse screening of gene knockdowns in neuroblastoma cells. We classified cellular phenotypes and used the temporal context of the perturbation effect to determine the sequence of events, particularly the mitotic entry preceding cell death. Based upon this phenotype kinetics from the gene knockdown screening, we inferred dynamic gene functions in mitosis and cell proliferation. We identified six genes (DLGAP5, DSCC1, SMO, SNRPD1, SSBP1, and UBE2C) with a vital role in mitosis and these are promising therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma. Images and movies of every time point of all screened genes are available at https://ichip.bioquant.uni-heidelberg.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Batra
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Harder
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Gogolin
- Division of Tumor Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolle Diessl
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, High-Throughput Screening, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zita Soons
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Jäger-Schmidt
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Lawerenz
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of Tumor Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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50
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Tang W, Hu Z, Muallem H, Gulley ML. Quality assurance of RNA expression profiling in clinical laboratories. J Mol Diagn 2012; 14:1-11. [PMID: 22020152 PMCID: PMC3338342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA expression profiles are increasingly used to diagnose and classify disease, based on expression patterns of as many as several thousand RNAs. To ensure quality of expression profiling services in clinical settings, a standard operating procedure incorporates multiple quality indicators and controls, beginning with preanalytic specimen preparation and proceeding thorough analysis, interpretation, and reporting. Before testing, histopathological examination of each cellular specimen, along with optional cell enrichment procedures, ensures adequacy of the input tissue. Other tactics include endogenous controls to evaluate adequacy of RNA and exogenous or spiked controls to evaluate run- and patient-specific performance of the test system, respectively. Unique aspects of quality assurance for array-based tests include controls for the pertinent outcome signatures that often supersede controls for each individual analyte, built-in redundancy for critical analytes or biochemical pathways, and software-supported scrutiny of abundant data by a laboratory physician who interprets the findings in a manner facilitating appropriate medical intervention. Access to high-quality reagents, instruments, and software from commercial sources promotes standardization and adoption in clinical settings, once an assay is vetted in validation studies as being analytically sound and clinically useful. Careful attention to the well-honed principles of laboratory medicine, along with guidance from government and professional groups on strategies to preserve RNA and manage large data sets, promotes clinical-grade assay performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hind Muallem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Margaret L. Gulley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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