1
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Minami S, Ikeda Y, Shimada T. Spontaneous Atomic-Scale Polar Skyrmions and Merons on a SrTiO 3 (001) Surface: Defect Engineering for Emerging Topological Orders. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3686-3693. [PMID: 38451549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of nontrivial topological order in condensed matter has been attracting a great deal of attention owing to its promising technological applications in novel functional nanodevices. In ferroelectrics, the realization of polar topological order at an ultimately small scale is extremely challenging due to the lack of chiral interaction and the critical size of the ferroelectricity. Here, we break through these limitations and demonstrate that the ultimate atomic-scale polar skyrmion and meron (∼2 nm) can be induced by engineering oxygen vacancies on the SrTiO3 (001) surface based on first-principles calculations. The paraelectric-to-antiferrodistortive phase transition leads to a novel topological transition from skyrmion to meron, indicating phase-topology correlations. We also discuss accumulating and driving polar skyrmions based on the oxygen divacancy model; these results and the recent discovery of defect engineering techniques suggest the possibility of arithmetic operations on topological numbers through the natural self-organization and diffusion features of oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Minami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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2
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Eglitis RI, Jia R. Review of Systematic Tendencies in (001), (011) and (111) Surfaces Using B3PW as Well as B3LYP Computations of BaTiO 3, CaTiO 3, PbTiO 3, SrTiO 3, BaZrO 3, CaZrO 3, PbZrO 3 and SrZrO 3 Perovskites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7623. [PMID: 38138765 PMCID: PMC10745012 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We performed B3PW and B3LYP computations for BaTiO3 (BTO), CaTiO3 (CTO), PbTiO3 (PTO), SrTiO3 (STO), BaZrO3 (BZO), CaZrO3 (CZO), PbZrO3 (PZO) and SrZrO3 (SZO) perovskite neutral (001) along with polar (011) as well as (111) surfaces. For the neutral AO- as well as BO2-terminated (001) surfaces, in most cases, all upper-layer atoms relax inwards, although the second-layer atoms shift outwards. On the (001) BO2-terminated surface, the second-layer metal atoms, as a rule, exhibit larger atomic relaxations than the second-layer O atoms. For most ABO3 perovskites, the (001) surface rumpling s is bigger for the AO- than BO2-terminated surfaces. In contrast, the surface energies, for both (001) terminations, are practically identical. Conversely, different (011) surface terminations exhibit quite different surface energies for the O-terminated, A-terminated and BO-terminated surfaces. Our computed ABO3 perovskite (111) surface energies are always significantly larger than the neutral (001) as well as polar (011) surface energies. Our computed ABO3 perovskite bulk B-O chemical bond covalency increases near their neutral (001) and especially polar (011) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberts I. Eglitis
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV1063 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Ran Jia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV1063 Riga, Latvia;
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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3
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Ouahrani T, Boufatah RM, Bendaoudi L, Bedrane Z, Morales-García Á, Errandonea D. Theoretical study of electrocatalytic properties of low-dimensional freestanding PbTiO 3 for hydrogen evolution reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27457-27467. [PMID: 37796450 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel materials for catalytic purposes that are highly stable is one of the main challenges nowadays for reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. Here, low-dimensional PbTiO3 is introduced as an electrocatalyst using first-principles calculations. Density-functional theory calculations indicate that 2D-PbTiO3 is dynamically and thermodynamically stable. Our results show that a single oxygen defect vacancy in 2D-PbTiO3 can play a key role in enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), together with the Ti atoms. Our study concludes that the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism is a more favorable route to achieve HER than the Volmer-Tafel mechanism, including solvation and vacuum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Ouahrani
- École supérieure en sciences appliquées, ESSA-Tlemcen, BB 165 RP Bel Horizon, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Tlemcen 1300, Algeria.
| | - Reda M Boufatah
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Tlemcen 1300, Algeria.
| | - Loubna Bendaoudi
- Laboratory of Materials Discovery, Unit of Research Materials and Renewable Energies, LEPM-URMER. Université de Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Zeyneb Bedrane
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Tlemcen 1300, Algeria.
| | - Ángel Morales-García
- Departament de Ciéncia de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teórica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Errandonea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Bendaoudi L, Ouahrani T, Daouli A, Rerbal B, Boufatah RM, Morales-García Á, Franco R, Bedrane Z, Badawi M, Errandonea D. Electronic and electrocatalytic properties of PbTiO 3: unveiling the effect of strain and oxygen vacancy. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11965-11980. [PMID: 37577968 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations based on density-functional theory have been used to investigate the effect of biaxial strain and oxygen vacancy on the electronic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic properties of PbTiO3 oxide. Our results show that PbTiO3 has a high exciton binding energy and a band gap that can be easily moderated with different strain regimes. From a reactivity viewpoint, the highly exothermic adsorption of hydrogen atoms in both pristine and strained PbTiO3 structures does not make it a potential electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Fortunately, the presence of oxygen vacancies on the PbTiO3 surface induces moderate adsorption energies, making the reduced PbTiO3 suitable for hydrogen evolution reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bendaoudi
- Laboratory of Materials Discovery, Unit of Research Materials and Renewable Energies, LEPM-URMER, Université de Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - T Ouahrani
- École supérieure en sciences appliquées, ESSA-Tlemcen, BB 165 RP Bel Horizon, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algeria.
| | - A Daouli
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT, UMR 7019, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lés-Nancy, France
| | - B Rerbal
- Laboratory of Materials Discovery, Unit of Research Materials and Renewable Energies, LEPM-URMER, Université de Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - R M Boufatah
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algeria.
| | - Á Morales-García
- Departament de Ciéncia de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teórica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Franco
- (MALTA) Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Z Bedrane
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algeria.
| | - M Badawi
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT, UMR 7019, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lés-Nancy, France
| | - D Errandonea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Derkaoui I, Achehboune M, Eglitis RI, Popov AI, Rezzouk A. Overview of the Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of the Cubic and Tetragonal Phases of PbTiO 3 by Applying Hubbard Potential Correction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4302. [PMID: 37374487 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a systematic study resulting in detailed information on the structural, electronic and optical properties of the cubic (Pm3¯m) and tetragonal (P4mm) phases of PbTiO3 applying the GGA/PBE approximation with and without the Hubbard U potential correction. Through the variation in Hubbard potential values, we establish band gap predictions for the tetragonal phase of PbTiO3 that are in rather good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the bond lengths for both phases of PbTiO3 were assessed with experimental measurements, confirming the validity of our model, while chemical bond analysis highlights the covalent nature of the Ti-O and Pb-O bonds. In addition, the study of the optical properties of the two phases of PbTiO3, by applying Hubbard' U potential, corrects the systematic inaccuracy of the GGA approximation, as well as validating the electronic analysis and offering excellent concordance with the experimental results. Therefore, our results underline that the GGA/PBE approximation with the Hubbard U potential correction could be an effective method for obtaining reliable band gap predictions with moderate computational cost. Therefore, these findings will enable theorists to make use of the precise values of these two phases' gap energies to enhance PbTiO3's performance for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Derkaoui
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Achehboune
- Laboratoire de Physique du Solide, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Roberts I Eglitis
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anatoli I Popov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Abdellah Rezzouk
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco
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6
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Ab Initio Computations of O and AO as well as ReO2, WO2 and BO2-Terminated ReO3, WO3, BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and BaZrO3 (001) Surfaces. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present and discuss the results of surface relaxation and rumpling computations for ReO3, WO3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3 and BaZrO3 (001) surfaces employing a hybrid B3LYP or B3PW description of exchange and correlation. In particular, we perform the first B3LYP computations for O-terminated ReO3 and WO3 (001) surfaces. In most cases, according to our B3LYP or B3PW computations for both surface terminations BO2- and O, AO-terminated ReO3, WO3, BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and BaZrO3 (001) surface upper layer atoms shift downwards, towards the bulk, the second layer atoms shift upwards and the third layer atoms, again, shift downwards. Our ab initio computes that ReO3, WO3, BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and BaZrO3 (001) surface Γ-Γ bandgaps are always smaller than their respective bulk Γ-Γ bandgaps. Our first principles compute that B-O atom chemical bond populations in the BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and BaZrO3 perovskite bulk are always smaller than near their BO2-terminated (001) surfaces. Just opposite, the Re-O and W-O chemical bond populations in the ReO3 (0.212e) and WO3 (0.142e) bulk are slightly larger than near the ReO2 and WO2-terminated ReO3 as well as WO3 (001) surfaces (0.170e and 0.108e, respectively).
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7
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Randall C, Yousefian P. Fundamentals and practical dielectric implications of stoichiometry and chemical design in a high-performance ferroelectric oxide: BaTiO3. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Tendencies in ABO3 Perovskite and SrF2, BaF2 and CaF2 Bulk and Surface F-Center Ab Initio Computations at High Symmetry Cubic Structure. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We computed the atomic shift sizes of the closest adjacent atoms adjoining the (001) surface F-center at ABO3 perovskites. They are significantly larger than the atomic shift sizes of the closest adjacent atoms adjoining the bulk F-center. In the ABO3 perovskite matrixes, the electron charge is significantly stronger confined in the interior of the bulk oxygen vacancy than in the interior of the (001) surface oxygen vacancy. The formation energy of the oxygen vacancy on the (001) surface is smaller than in the bulk. This microscopic energy distinction stimulates the oxygen vacancy segregation from the perovskite bulk to their (001) surfaces. The (001) surface F-center created defect level is nearer to the (001) surface conduction band (CB) bottom as the bulk F-center created defect level. On the contrary, the SrF2, BaF2 and CaF2 bulk and surface F-center charge is almost perfectly confined to the interior of the fluorine vacancy. The shift sizes of atoms adjoining the bulk and surface F-centers in SrF2, CaF2 and BaF2 matrixes are microscopic as compared to the case of ABO3 perovskites.
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9
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Tse J, Aziz A, Flitcroft J, Skelton JM, Gillie LJ, Parker SC, Cooke DJ, Molinari M. Unraveling the Impact of Graphene Addition to Thermoelectric SrTiO 3 and La-Doped SrTiO 3 Materials: A Density Functional Theory Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41303-41314. [PMID: 34405998 PMCID: PMC8414480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed theoretical investigation of the interaction of graphene with the SrO-terminated (001) surface of pristine and La-doped SrTiO3. The adsorption of graphene is thermodynamically favorable with interfacial adsorption energies of -0.08 and -0.32 J/m2 to pristine SrTiO3 and La-doped SrTiO3 surfaces, respectively. We find that graphene introduces C 2p states at the Fermi level, rendering the composite semimetallic, and thus the electrical properties are predicted to be highly sensitive to the amount and quality of the graphene. An investigation of the lattice dynamics predicts that graphene adsorption may lead to a 60-90% reduction in the thermal conductivity due to a reduction in the phonon group velocities, accounting for the reduced thermal conductivity of the composite materials observed experimentally. This effect is enhanced by La doping. We also find evidence that both La dopant ions and adsorbed graphene introduce low-frequency modes that may scatter heat-carrying acoustic phonons, and that, if present, these effects likely arise from stronger phonon-phonon interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Tse
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Alex Aziz
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Joseph
M. Flitcroft
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Jonathan M. Skelton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lisa J. Gillie
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | | | - David J. Cooke
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Marco Molinari
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
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10
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Zhang D, Misra S, Jian J, Lu P, Li L, Wissel A, Zhang X, Wang H. Self-Assembled BaTiO 3-Au xAg 1-x Low-Loss Hybrid Plasmonic Metamaterials with an Ordered "Nano-Domino-like" Microstructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5390-5398. [PMID: 33464819 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic plasmonic hybrid nanostructures have attracted enormous research interest due to the combined physical properties coming from different material components and the broad range of applications in nanophotonic and electronic devices. However, the high loss and narrow range of property tunability of the metallic hybrid materials have limited their practical applications. Here, a metallic alloy-based self-assembled plasmonic hybrid nanostructure, i.e., a BaTiO3-AuxAg1-x (BTO) vertically aligned nanocomposite, has been integrated by a templated growth method for low-loss plasmonic systems. Comprehensive microstructural characterizations including high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and three-dimensional (3D) electron tomography demonstrate the formation of an ordered "nano-domino-like" morphology with Au0.4Ag0.6 nanopillars as cylindrical cores and BTO as square shells. By comparing with the BTO-Au hybrid thin film, the BTO-Au0.4Ag0.6 alloyed film exhibits much broader plasmon resonance, hyperbolic dispersion, low-loss, and thermally robust features in the UV-vis-NIR wavelength region. This study provides a feasible platform for a complex alloyed plasmonic hybrid material design with low-loss and highly tunable optical properties toward all-optical integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shikhar Misra
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jie Jian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Leigang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashley Wissel
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Sun J, Li Q, Zhu H, Liu Z, Lin K, Wang N, Zhang Q, Gu L, Deng J, Chen J, Xing X. Negative-Pressure-Induced Large Polarization in Nanosized PbTiO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002968. [PMID: 33118254 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials usually undergo decay with particle size decreasing into the nanoscale. At the critical value, the crystal structure undergoes a transition from the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase and the ferroelectricity vanishes. It is a big issue to sufficiently maintain strong ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. Herein, it is reported that synthesized 0D freestanding PbTiO3 nanoparticles (NPs) present negative pressure along the c axis (Δc/cbulk × 100% = -2.406), inducing large spontaneous polarization PS (71.2 µC cm-2 in 12 nm). Further local structural studies by atomic pair distribution functions and extended X-ray absorption fine structure indicate the structural evolution of nanosized PbTiO3 . High-angle annular dark-field STEM images reveal the existence of preponderant PbO-terminations on the surface of the PbTiO3 NPs. Ab initio calculation reveals the enhanced hybridization between Pb and O ions, which gives rise to the negative pressure and tensile stress to stabilize the high tetragonality and large polarization. The present work demonstrates an untraditional route to enhance the ferroelectricity and related properties in functional nanostructured materials, being of significance to nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhanning Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinxia Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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12
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Costa-Amaral R, Gohda Y. First-principles study of the adsorption of 3d transition metals on BaO- and TiO2-terminated cubic-phase BaTiO3(001) surfaces. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:204701. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0008130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Costa-Amaral
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Gohda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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13
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Ab Initio Study of Ferroelectric Critical Size of SnTe Low-Dimensional Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040732. [PMID: 32290527 PMCID: PMC7221771 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Beyond a ferroelectric critical thickness of several nanometers existed in conventional ferroelectric perovskite oxides, ferroelectricity in ultimately thin dimensions was recently discovered in SnTe monolayers. This discovery suggests the possibility that SnTe can sustain ferroelectricity during further low-dimensional miniaturization. Here, we investigate a ferroelectric critical size of low-dimensional SnTe nanostructures such as nanoribbons (1D) and nanoflakes (0D) using first-principle density-functional theory calculations. We demonstrate that the smallest (one-unit-cell width) SnTe nanoribbon can sustain ferroelectricity and there is no ferroelectric critical size in the SnTe nanoribbons. On the other hand, the SnTe nanoflakes form a vortex of polarization and lose their toroidal ferroelectricity below the surface area of 4 × 4 unit cells (about 25 Å on one side). We also reveal the atomic and electronic mechanism of the absence or presence of critical size in SnTe low-dimensional nanostructures. Our result provides an insight into intrinsic ferroelectric critical size for low-dimensional chalcogenide layered materials.
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14
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Shimizu K, Diño WA, Nakanishi H, Kasai H, Takeyasu K, Fukutani K, Yajima A. Dynamical Quantum Filtering via Enhanced Scattering of para-H 2 on the Orientationally Anisotropic Potential of SrTiO 3(001). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5939. [PMID: 32246021 PMCID: PMC7125136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dynamics calculation, performed on top of density functional theory (DFT)-based total energy calculations, show dynamical quantum filtering via enhanced scattering of para-H2 on SrTiO3(001). We attribute this to the strongly orientation-dependent (electrostatic) interaction potential between the H2 (induced) quadrupole moment and the surface electric field gradient of ionic SrTiO3(001). These results suggest that ionic surfaces could function as a scattering/filtering media to realize rotationally state-resolved H2. This could find significant applications not only in H2 storage and transport, but also in realizing materials with pre-determined characteristic properties.
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Grants
- 17K06818 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 17H01057 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 15H05736 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 15KT0062 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Shimizu
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wilson Agerico Diño
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- National Institute of Technology, Akashi College, Hyogo, 674-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kasai
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- National Institute of Technology, Akashi College, Hyogo, 674-8501, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeyasu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukutani
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ayako Yajima
- Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Hyogo, 673-8666, Japan
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15
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Nowotny J. Electron Probe for Unequivocal Surface Characterization and Surface Defect Engineering of Energy Materials. Example of BaTiO 3. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1610-1618. [PMID: 32000484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface properties of crystalline solids and the related defect disorder of the surface layer have a critical effect on the reactivity and performance of materials, including energy materials. It is shown here that a high-temperature electron probe enables unequivocal surface characterization of energy oxide materials in a gas/solid equilibrium, including the affinity-related charge transfer and segregation-affected defect disorder. As an example, this work considers in situ surface monitoring of barium titanate at elevated temperatures during oxidation to determine a quantity (described as work function) that is reflective of the chemical potential of electrons during gas/solid reactions. The probe enables insight into local surface structures and opens up new fields of surface defect chemistry and surface defect engineering of materials for clean energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Nowotny
- Solar Energy Technologies, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics , Western Sydney University , Penrith , NSW 2751 , Australia
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16
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Zhang B, Huang J, Jian J, Rutherford BX, Li L, Misra S, Sun X, Wang H. Tuning magnetic anisotropy in Co-BaZrO 3 vertically aligned nanocomposites for memory device integration. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4450-4458. [PMID: 36134413 PMCID: PMC9417828 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic nanostructures with strong anisotropic properties are highly desired for their potential integration into spintronic devices. Several anisotropic candidates, such as CoFeB and Fe-Pt, have been previously proposed, but many of them have limitations such as patterning issues or thickness restrictions. In this work, Co-BaZrO3 (Co-BZO) vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) films with tunable magnetic anisotropy and coercive field strength have been demonstrated to address this need. Such tunable magnetic properties are achieved through tuning the thickness of the Co-BZO VAN structures and the aspect ratio of the Co nanostructures, which can be easily integrated into spintronic devices. As a demonstration, we have integrated the Co-BZO VAN nanostructure into tunnel junction devices, which demonstrated resistive switching alluding to Co-BZO's immense potential for future spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Jijie Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Jie Jian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Bethany X Rutherford
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Leigang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Shikhar Misra
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Xing Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
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17
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Huang J, Qi Z, Li L, Wang H, Xue S, Zhang B, Zhang X, Wang H. Self-assembled vertically aligned Ni nanopillars in CeO 2 with anisotropic magnetic and transport properties for energy applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17182-17188. [PMID: 30191234 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled vertically aligned metal-oxide (Ni-CeO2) nanocomposite thin films with novel multifunctionalities have been successfully deposited by a one-step growth method. The novel nanocomposite structures presents high-density Ni-nanopillars vertically aligned in a CeO2 matrix. Strong and anisotropic magnetic properties have been demonstrated, with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of ∼175 emu cm-3 and ∼135 emu cm-3 for out-of-plane and in-plane directions, respectively. Such unique vertically aligned ferromagnetic Ni nanopillars in the CeO2 matrix have been successfully incorporated in high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) coated conductors as effective magnetic flux pinning centers. The highly anisotropic nanostructures with high density vertical interfaces between the Ni nanopillars and CeO2 matrix also promote the mixed electrical and ionic conductivities out-of-plane and thus demonstrate great potential as nanocomposite anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells and other potential applications requiring anisotropic ionic transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906 USA.
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18
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Systematic trends in (0 0 1) surface ab initio calculations of ABO 3 perovskites. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Sopiha KV, Malyi OI, Persson C, Wu P. Band gap modulation of SrTiO 3 upon CO 2 adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:16629-16637. [PMID: 28620658 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, CO2 chemisorption on SrTiO3(001) surfaces is studied using ab initio calculations to establish new chemical sensing mechanisms. It was found that CO2 adsorption opens the band gap of the material. However, the mechanisms are different: the CO2 adsorption on the TiO2-terminated surface neutralizes the surface states at the valence band (VB) maximum, whereas for the SrO-terminated surface it suppresses the conduction band (CB) minimum. For the TiO2-terminated surface, the effect is explained by the passivation of dangling bonds, whereas for the SrO-terminated surface, the suppression is caused by surface relaxation. Modulation of the VB states implies a more direct change in charge distribution, and thus, the induced change in the band gap is more prominent at the TiO2 termination. Further, it has been shown that both CO2 adsorption energy and surface band gap are strongly dependent on CO2 coverage, suggesting that the observed effect can be utilized in sensing applications for a wide range of CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn V Sopiha
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Lu J, Luo W, Feng J, Xiang H. Unusual Ferroelectricity in Two-Dimensional Perovskite Oxide Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:595-601. [PMID: 29232150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity have attracted much attention due to their applications in novel miniaturized devices such as nonvolatile memories, field effect transistors, and sensors. Since most of the commercial ferroelectric (FE) devices are based on ABO3 perovskite oxides, it is important to investigate the properties of 2D ferroelectricity in perovskite oxide thin films. Here, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that there exist three kinds of in-plane FE states that originate from different microscopic mechanisms: (i) a proper FE state with the polarization along [110] due to the second-order Jahn-Teller effect related to the B ion with empty d-orbitals; (ii) a robust FE state with the polarization along [100] induced by the surface effect; (iii) a hybrid improper FE state with the polarization along [110] that is induced by the trilinear coupling between two rotational modes and the A-site displacement. Interestingly, the ferroelectricity in the latter two cases becomes stronger along with decreasing the thin film thickness, in contrast to the usual behavior. Moreover, the latter two FE states are compatible with magnetism since their stability does not depend on the occupation of the d-orbitals of the B-ion. These two novel 2D FE mechanisms provide new avenues to design 2D multiferroics, as we demonstrated in SrVO and CaFeO thin film cases. Our work not only reveals new physical mechanisms of 2D ferroelectricity in perovskite oxide thin films but also provides a new route to design the high-performance 2D FE and multiferroics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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21
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Huang J, Li L, Lu P, Qi Z, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang H. Self-assembled Co-BaZrO 3 nanocomposite thin films with ultra-fine vertically aligned Co nanopillars. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7970-7976. [PMID: 28574068 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple one-step pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method has been applied to grow self-assembled metal-oxide nanocomposite thin films. The as-deposited Co-BaZrO3 films show high epitaxial quality with ultra-fine vertically aligned Co nanopillars (diameter <5 nm) embedded in a BZO matrix. The diameter of the nanopillars can be further tuned by varying the deposition frequency. The metal and oxide phases grow separately without inter-diffusion or mixing. Taking advantage of this unique structure, a high saturation magnetization of ∼1375 emu cm-3 in the Co-BaZrO3 nanocomposites has been achieved and further confirmed by Lorentz microscopy imaging in TEM. Furthermore, the coercivity values of this nanocomposite thin films range from 600 Oe (20 Hz) to 1020 Oe (2 Hz), which makes the nanocomposite an ideal candidate for high-density perpendicular recording media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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22
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Hong S, Nakhmanson SM, Fong DD. Screening mechanisms at polar oxide heterointerfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:076501. [PMID: 27308889 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interfaces of polar oxide heterostructures can display electronic properties unique from the oxides they border, as they require screening from either internal or external sources of charge. The screening mechanism depends on a variety of factors, including the band structure at the interface, the presence of point defects or adsorbates, whether or not the oxide is ferroelectric, and whether or not an external field is applied. In this review, we discuss both theoretical and experimental aspects of different screening mechanisms, giving special emphasis to ways in which the mechanism can be altered to provide novel or tunable functionalities. We begin with a theoretical introduction to the problem and highlight recent progress in understanding the impact of point defects on polar interfaces. Different case studies are then discussed, for both the high thickness regime, where interfaces must be screened and each interface can be considered separately, and the low thickness regime, where the degree and nature of screening can be manipulated and the interfaces are close enough to interact. We end with a brief outlook toward new developments in this rapidly progressing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Hong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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23
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Li L, Sun L, Gomez-Diaz JS, Hogan NL, Lu P, Khatkhatay F, Zhang W, Jian J, Huang J, Su Q, Fan M, Jacob C, Li J, Zhang X, Jia Q, Sheldon M, Alù A, Li X, Wang H. Self-Assembled Epitaxial Au-Oxide Vertically Aligned Nanocomposites for Nanoscale Metamaterials. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3936-43. [PMID: 27186652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials made of nanoscale inclusions or artificial unit cells exhibit exotic optical properties that do not exist in natural materials. Promising applications, such as super-resolution imaging, cloaking, hyperbolic propagation, and ultrafast phase velocities have been demonstrated based on mostly micrometer-scale metamaterials and few nanoscale metamaterials. To date, most metamaterials are created using costly and tedious fabrication techniques with limited paths toward reliable large-scale fabrication. In this work, we demonstrate the one-step direct growth of self-assembled epitaxial metal-oxide nanocomposites as a drastically different approach to fabricating large-area nanostructured metamaterials. Using pulsed laser deposition, we fabricated nanocomposite films with vertically aligned gold (Au) nanopillars (∼20 nm in diameter) embedded in various oxide matrices with high epitaxial quality. Strong, broad absorption features in the measured absorbance spectrum are clear signatures of plasmon resonances of Au nanopillars. By tuning their densities on selected substrates, anisotropic optical properties are demonstrated via angular dependent and polarization resolved reflectivity measurements and reproduced by full-wave simulations and effective medium theory. Our model predicts exotic properties, such as zero permittivity responses and topological transitions. Our studies suggest that these self-assembled metal-oxide nanostructures provide an exciting new material platform to control and enhance optical response at nanometer scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | | | - Nicki L Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | - Wenrui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | - Jijie Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Quanxi Jia
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Matthew Sheldon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | | | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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24
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Gao P, Liu HJ, Huang YL, Chu YH, Ishikawa R, Feng B, Jiang Y, Shibata N, Wang EG, Ikuhara Y. Atomic mechanism of polarization-controlled surface reconstruction in ferroelectric thin films. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11318. [PMID: 27090766 PMCID: PMC4838897 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
At the ferroelectric surface, the broken translational symmetry induced bound charge should significantly alter the local atomic configurations. Experimentally revealing the atomic structure of ferroelectric surface, however, is very challenging due to the strong spatial variety between nano-sized domains, and strong interactions between the polarization and other structural parameters. Here, we study surface structures of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin film by using the annular bright-field imaging. We find that six atomic layers with suppressed polarization and a charged 180° domain wall are at negatively poled surfaces, no reconstruction exists at positively poled surfaces, and seven atomic layers with suppressed polarization and a charged 90° domain wall exist at nominally neutral surfaces in ferroelastic domains. Our results provide critical insights into engineering ferroelectric thin films, fine grain ceramics and surface chemistry devices. The state-of-the-art methodology demonstrated here can greatly advance our understanding of surface science for oxides. Miniature of electronic devices is attractive yet challenging due to structural variation at nanoscale. Here, Gao et al. report atomic imaging of reconstruction and unusual domain walls on Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 surfaces, providing possibilities to engineer nanoscale structural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, China
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, China
| | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 105, China
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ying Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China.,International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Naoya Shibata
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - En-Ge Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China.,International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan.,WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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25
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Kakekhani A, Ismail-Beigi S. Polarization-driven catalysis via ferroelectric oxide surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19676-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03170f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric polarization can tune the surface chemistry: enhancing technologically important catalytic reactions such as NOx direct decomposition and SO2 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Physics
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Center for Research on Interface Structure and Phenomena (CRISP)
| | - Sohrab Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Physics
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Center for Research on Interface Structure and Phenomena (CRISP)
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26
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Shimada T, Wang J, Araki Y, Mrovec M, Elsässer C, Kitamura T. Multiferroic Vacancies at Ferroelectric PbTiO(3) Surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:107202. [PMID: 26382700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics in nanoscale dimensions are promising for novel functional device paradigms, such as magnetoelectric memories, due to an intriguing cross-coupling between coexisting ferroelectric and (anti)ferromagnetic order parameters. However, the ferroic order is inevitably destroyed below the critical dimension of several nanometers. Here, we demonstrate a new path towards atomic-size multiferroics while resolving the controversial origin of dilute ferromagnetism that unexpectedly emerges in nanoparticles of nonmagnetic ferroelectric PbTiO(3). Systematic exploration using predictive quantum-mechanical calculations demonstrates that oxygen vacancies formed at surfaces induce ferromagnetism due to local nonstoichiometry and orbital symmetry breaking. The localized character of the emerged magnetization allows an individual oxygen vacancy to act as an atomic-scale multiferroic element with a nonlinear magnetoelectric effect that involves rich ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic-nonmagnetic phase transitions in response to switching of the spontaneous polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Wöhlerstraße 11, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yasumitsu Araki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Matous Mrovec
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Wöhlerstraße 11, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Elsässer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Wöhlerstraße 11, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takayuki Kitamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Physics, ‡Department of Applied Physics, §Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, ⊥Center for Research on Interface Structure and Phenomena (CRISP), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sohrab Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Physics, ‡Department of Applied Physics, §Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, ⊥Center for Research on Interface Structure and Phenomena (CRISP), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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28
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Bandura AV, Evarestov RA, Zhukovskii YF. Energetic stability and photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 nanowires: ab initio simulations. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio simulations have been performed to describe, for the first time, energetic stability and photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Bandura
- St. Petersburg State University
- Quantum Chemistry Department
- St. Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Robert A. Evarestov
- St. Petersburg State University
- Quantum Chemistry Department
- St. Petersburg
- Russian Federation
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29
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30
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Saidi WA, Martirez JMP, Rappe AM. Strong reciprocal interaction between polarization and surface stoichiometry in oxide ferroelectrics. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6711-7. [PMID: 25322070 DOI: 10.1021/nl5035013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic evaluation of the effects of polarization switchability on surface structure and stoichiometry in BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 ferroelectric oxides. We show that charge passivation, mostly by ionic surface reconstructions, is the driving force for the stability of the surfaces, which suggests that varying the substrate polarization offers a new mechanism for controlling surface reconstructions in polar systems and inducing highly nonstoichiometric structures. Conversely, for thin-films the chemical environment can drive polarization switching via induced compositional changes on the surface. We find that the value of the oxygen partial pressure for the positive-to-negative polar transition is in good agreement with the recent experimental value for thin-film PbTiO3. For BaTiO3, we show that it is harder for oxygen control to drive polar transition because it is more difficult to reduce. This study opens up the possibility of real-time control of structure and composition of oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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31
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Chen H, Xie Y, Zhang GX, Yu HT. A first-principles investigation of the stabilities and electronic properties of SrZrO3 (1 1 0) (1 × 1) polar terminations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:395002. [PMID: 25138270 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/39/395002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The stabilities and electronic properties of SrZrO3 (1 1 0) (1 × 1) polar terminations were investigated systematically by the first-principles density functional theory method. Five possible polar surfaces, i.e. O-deficient, O-rich, stoichiometric, SrO-rich and SrO-deficient ones, were considered. The calculated results indicated that the charge neutralization and polarity compensation condition could be achieved by charge redistributions of surface atoms. For the O-deficient (1 1 0) termination, some filled electronic states were separated from the original conduction bands, while a surface reconstruction was found for the O-rich (1 1 0) surface. The remaining three (1 1 0) terminations remained insulated. Furthermore, a stability diagram involving seven different terminations was constructed using the surface grand potential technique, in which the effect of the chemical environment was included. The calculated results indicated that three (1 1 0) (O-rich, SrO-rich and stoichiometric) and 2 (0 0 1) (ZrO2 and SrO) terminations could be stabilized in distinct areas, whereas the O-deficient surface was unstable within the whole region. Finally, we drew a comparison of stability behaviors between SrZrO3 (1 1 0) (1 × 1) polar surfaces and the counterparts of ATiO3 (A = Ba, Pb, Sr) and BaZrO3 materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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32
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Liu X, Sohlberg K. Theoretical calculations on layered perovskites: implications for photocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/2164232x.2014.891950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Sohlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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33
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Evarestov RA, Bandura AV, Kuruch DD. BaTiO3-based nanolayers and nanotubes: First-principles calculations. J Comput Chem 2012; 34:175-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Nechache R, Rosei F. Recent progress in nanostructured multiferroic Bi2FeCrO6 thin films. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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35
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Wang X, Tomoda S, Shimada T, Kitamura T. Local suppression of ferroelectricity at PbTiO3 surface steps: a density functional theory study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:045903. [PMID: 22214891 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/4/045903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio (first-principles) density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed within the local density approximations (LDA) to investigate the ferroelectricity at PbTiO(3) surface steps consisting of (001) and (100) surfaces with a spontaneous polarization along [100]. For both the PbO- and TiO(2)-terminated surface steps, the [100] polarization is suppressed and the [001] polarization appears at their upper terraces, which results in a rotation of polarizations at the surface steps. The polarization rotation is induced by the local variation of the covalent Pb-O bond due to the charge redistribution at the surface steps. Furthermore, we investigate the interaction of the surface steps. Although surface steps with the same polarization configuration exhibit little interaction, steps of different types interact with each other strongly, suppressing the ferroelectricity, especially on the upper terrace.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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36
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Nechache R, Cojocaru CV, Harnagea C, Nauenheim C, Nicklaus M, Ruediger A, Rosei F, Pignolet A. Epitaxial patterning of Bi2FeCrO6 double perovskite nanostructures: multiferroic at room temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1724-1729. [PMID: 21360783 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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37
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Shimada T, Tomoda S, Kitamura T. First-principles study on ferroelectricity at PbTiO3 surface steps. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:355901. [PMID: 21403300 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/35/355901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We performed ab initio density functional theory calculations to investigate ferroelectricity at PbTiO(3) surface steps consisting of (100) and (001) surfaces with the polar axis in the [010] direction. Ferroelectricity was enhanced at PbO-terminated surface steps due to enhanced covalent Pb-O bonding because of the low coordination number of Pb atoms at the step edge. In contrast, ferroelectric distortions were suppressed at TiO(2)-terminations, because of electron transfer from Pb-O sites to Ti-O sites. Spontaneous polarization at the surface step increased when tensile strain was applied in the [010] direction and decreased when compressive strain was applied. At a critical compressive strain, the polarization direction changed and a polydomain structure was formed that consisted of 90° and 180° domain walls aligned with the surface step edge. This polydomain structure compensates surface charges that would generate a depolarizing field, thereby stabilizing ferroelectric distortions at the surface step. The polydomain structure also explains the formation mechanism of the experimentally observed 180° domain wall pinned at the surface step edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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38
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Pang Q, Zhang JM, Xu KW, Ji V. Pt adsorption on the PbTiO 3
(110) polar surface: a density functional theory study. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Zhang GX, Xie Y, Yu HT, Fu HG. First-principles calculations of the stability and electronic properties of the PbTiO3(110) polar surface. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:1785-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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García-Rosales G, Drot R, Mercier-Bion F, Lagarde G, Simoni E. Interaction between U(VI) and SrTiO3 surfaces versus temperature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 333:104-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Kim J, Yang SA, Choi YC, Han JK, Jeong KO, Yun YJ, Kim DJ, Yang SM, Yoon D, Cheong H, Chang KS, Noh TW, Bu SD. Ferroelectricity in highly ordered arrays of ultra-thin-walled Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 nanotubes composed of nanometer-sized perovskite crystallites. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:1813-8. [PMID: 18540654 DOI: 10.1021/nl080240t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the first unambiguous ferroelectric properties of ultra-thin-walled Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) nanotube arrays, each with 5 nm thick walls and outer diameters of 50 nm. Ferroelectric switching behavior with well-saturated hysteresis loops is observed in these ferroelectric PZT nanotubes with P r and E c values of about 1.5 microC cm (-2) and 86 kV cm (-1), respectively, for a maximum applied electric field of 400 kV cm (-1). These PZT nanotube arrays (10 (12) nanotubes cm (-2)) might provide a competitive approach toward the development of three-dimensional capacitors for the terabyte ferroelectric random access memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongok Kim
- Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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42
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Zheng H, Zhan Q, Zavaliche F, Sherburne M, Straub F, Cruz MP, Chen LQ, Dahmen U, Ramesh R. Controlling self-assembled perovskite-spinel nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:1401-7. [PMID: 16834419 DOI: 10.1021/nl060401y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a discovery that self-assembled perovskite-spinel nanostructures can be controlled simply by selecting single-crystal substrates with different orientations. In a model BiFeO(3)-CoFe(2)O(4) system, a (001) substrate results in rectangular-shaped CoFe(2)O(4) nanopillars in a BiFeO(3) matrix; in contrast, a (111) substrate leads to triangular-shaped BiFeO(3) nanopillars in a CoFe(2)O(4) matrix, irrespective of the volume fraction of the two phases. This dramatic reversal is attributed to the surface energy anisotropy as an intrinsic property of a crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA.
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43
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Zhuo S, Sohlberg K. Origin of stability of the high-temperature, low-pressure Rh2O3 III form of rhodium sesquioxide. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Sepliarsky M, Stachiotti MG, Migoni RL. Interface effects in ferroelectric PbTiO3 ultrathin films on a paraelectric substrate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:137603. [PMID: 16712036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.137603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Interface effects on the ferroelectric behavior of PbTiO3 ultrathin films deposited on a SrTiO3 substrate are investigated using an interatomic potential approach with parameters fitted to first-principles calculations. We find that the correlation of atomic displacements across the film-substrate interface is crucial for the stabilization of the ferroelectric state in films a few unit cells thick. We show that the minimum film thickness for the appearance of a spontaneous polarized domain state is not an intrinsic property of the ferroelectric film but depends on the polarizability of the paraelectric substrate. We also observe that the substrate displays an induced polarization with an unusual oscillatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sepliarsky
- Instituto de Física Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 27 de Febrero 210 Bis, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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45
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46
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Asthagiri A, Sholl DS. Pt thin films on stepped SrTiO3 surfaces: SrTiO3(620) and SrTiO3(622). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Fong DD, Stephenson GB, Streiffer SK, Eastman JA, Auciello O, Fuoss PH, Thompson C. Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Perovskite Films. Science 2004; 304:1650-3. [PMID: 15192223 DOI: 10.1126/science.1098252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the suppression of ferroelectricity in perovskite thin films is a fundamental issue that has remained unresolved for decades. We report a synchrotron x-ray study of lead titanate as a function of temperature and film thickness for films as thin as a single unit cell. At room temperature, the ferroelectric phase is stable for thicknesses down to 3 unit cells (1.2 nanometers). Our results imply that no thickness limit is imposed on practical devices by an intrinsic ferroelectric size effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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48
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Erdman N, Warschkow O, Asta M, Poeppelmeier KR, Ellis DE, Marks LD. Surface structures of SrTiO3 (001): a TiO2-rich reconstruction with a c(4 x 2) unit cell. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:10050-6. [PMID: 12914468 DOI: 10.1021/ja034933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the solution of the c(4 x 2) reconstruction of SrTiO(3) (001), obtained through a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, direct methods analysis, and density functional theory. The structure is characterized by a single overlayer of TiO(2) stoichiometry in which TiO(5) polyhedra are arranged into edge-shared structures, in contrast to the corner-shared TiO(6) polyhedra in bulk. This structural pattern is similar to that reported by us earlier for the (2 x 1) reconstruction of the same crystal face formed at higher temperature. We discuss probable mechanisms of surface stabilization as revealed by these two solutions which are likely to apply to other reconstructions of SrTiO(3) (001) and, possibly, other perovskites in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Erdman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Environmental Catalysis, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA
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49
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Rodriguez JA, Azad S, Wang LQ, Garcı́a J, Etxeberria A, González L. Electronic and chemical properties of mixed-metal oxides: Adsorption and reaction of NO on SrTiO3(100). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1539864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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50
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Rodriguez J, Garcı́a J, González L. Electronic and chemical properties of mixed-metal oxides: adsorption of SO2 on SrTiO3(001). Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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