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K S, T N MM, Asiri AM, Alamry KA, Asad M. Green synthesis of heterocyclic alkenes using MCM 41 supported perchloric acid catalytic system: characterization and DFT studies. J Mol Model 2023; 29:244. [PMID: 37439878 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this work, a series of heterocyclic alkenes were prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with various heterocyclic active methylene compounds via Knoevenagel condensation reaction using mesoporous silica, MCM 41, supported perchloric acid as an efficient green catalytic system under solvent-free conditions. A comparative study of the conventional method vs the green method was also reported with the same raw materials. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic techniques were used for the characterization of synthesized compounds. METHODS Computational study was performed for these compounds by applying density functional theory (DFT) at M06 functional and 6-311G (d,p) basis set to interpret the electronic structures and counter check the experimental findings. The frequency analysis with aforementioned levels of DFT was performed to confirm the stability associated with optimized geometries. The true minimum for the optimized geometries for 1, 2, and 3 was achieved as indicated by the absence of negative eigenvalues in all the calculated frequencies. Additionally, natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were explored utilizing the aforementioned level and basis set combination via DFT, whereas the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) evaluation was done at time-dependent density functional theory TDDFT at M06/6-311G(d,p). The global reactivity parameters were also calculated using the FMO data. These computation-based outcomes were found in good agreement with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha K
- Research & Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, MES Kalladi College (Affiliated to University of Calicut), Mannarkkad, Kerala, 678583, India
| | - Mohammed Musthafa T N
- Research & Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, MES Kalladi College (Affiliated to University of Calicut), Mannarkkad, Kerala, 678583, India.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Di Carmine G, Leonardi C, Forster L, Hu M, Lee D, Parlett CMA, Bortolini O, Isaacs MA, Massi A, D'Agostino C. Humin Formation on SBA-15-pr-SO 3H Catalysts during the Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to Ethyl Levulinate: Effect of Pore Size on Catalyst Stability, Transport, and Adsorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24528-24540. [PMID: 37186876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol in a series of SBA-15-pr-SO3H catalysts with different pore sizes is reported. Elemental analysis and NMR relaxation/diffusion methods show that changes in pore size have a significant effect on catalyst activity and durability. In particular, the decrease in catalyst activity after catalyst reuse is mainly due to carbonaceous deposition, whereas leaching of sulfonic acid groups is not significant. This effect is more pronounced in the largest-pore-size catalyst C3, which rapidly deactivates after one reaction cycle, whereas catalysts with a relatively medium and small average pore size (named, respectively, C2 and C1) deactivate after two reaction cycles and to a lesser extent. CHNS elemental analysis showed that C1 and C3 experience a similar amount of carbonaceous deposition, suggesting that the increased reusability of the small-pore-size catalyst can be attributed to the presence of SO3H groups mostly present on the external surface, as corroborated by results on pore clogging obtained by NMR relaxation measurements. The increased reusability of the C2 catalyst is attributed to a lower amount of humin being formed and, at the same time, reduced pore clogging, which helps to maintain accessible the internal pore space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luke Forster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Christopher M A Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, U.K
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0FA, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mark A Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, RAL, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna (UNIBO), via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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Martín CDMG, García JIH, Bonardd S, Díaz DD. Lignin-Based Catalysts for C-C Bond-Forming Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083513. [PMID: 37110747 PMCID: PMC10141373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation is the key reaction in organic synthesis to construct the carbon framework of organic molecules. The continuous shift of science and technology toward eco-friendly and sustainable resources and processes has stimulated the development of catalytic processes for C-C bond formation based on the use of renewable resources. In this context, and among other biopolymer-based materials, lignin has attracted scientific attention in the field of catalysis during the last decade, either through its acid form or as a support for metal ions and metal nanoparticles that drive the catalytic activity. Its heterogeneous nature, as well as its facile preparation and low cost, provide competitive advantages over other homogeneous catalysts. In this review, we have summarized a variety of C-C formation reactions, such as condensations, Michael additions of indoles, and Pd-mediated cross-coupling reactions that were successfully carried out in the presence of lignin-based catalysts. These examples also involve the successful recovery and reuse of the catalyst after the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Mar García Martín
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Hernández García
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sebastián Bonardd
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
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Sulfonated Mesoporous Silica-Carbon Composite Derived from a Silicate-Polyethylene Glycol Gel and Its Application as Solid Acid Catalysts. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.1.11795.13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solid acid catalyst is a promising alternative to the counterpart homogeneous acid for esterification reaction from the viewpoint of reusability and environmental concerns. This work aims to develop sulfonated mesoporous silica-carbon composite as solid acid catalyst for the esterification. The catalyst was synthesized from sodium silicate as the silica precursor and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as both carbon precursor and template via a sol-gel route in an aqueous system. Then, it was carbonized to produce mesoporous silica-carbon composite. Using the proposed method, the surface area of the silica-carbon composite could reach as high as 1074.21 m2/g. Although the surface area decreased to 614.02 m²/g when it was functionalized with sulfonate groups, the composite had a high ionic capacity of 5.3 mEq/g and exhibited high catalytic activity for esterification reaction of acetic acid with ethanol. At a reaction temperature of 80 °C, the acetic acid conversion reached 76.55% in 4 h. In addition, the catalyst had good reusability, which can be comparable with the commercial catalyst Foltrol F-007. It appears that the sulfonated silica-carbon composite prepared from sodium silicate using PEG as the carbon source a promising candidate as catalyst for esterification and the related area. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Levulinic Acid Production: Comparative Assessment of Al-Rich Ordered Mesoporous Silica and Microporous Zeolite. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wei N, Zhang Y, Chen T, Wang G. An Efficient Thiol and Trifluoromethanesulfonyl Difunctional Sulfonated Mesoporous Polydivinylbenzene Solid Acid: Cooperative Effect of Steric Hindrance and Acidity. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology & School of Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Arts and Science Xiangyang 441053 China
| | - Tong Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Gongying Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041 China
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Pasricha S, Gahlot P, Mittal K, Rai D, Avasthi N, Kaur H, Rai S. Functionalized MCM‐41: Versatile Catalysts for Organic Transformations. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Pasricha
- Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan New Delhi India 110 021
| | - Pragya Gahlot
- Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan New Delhi India 110 021
| | - Kavita Mittal
- Department of Chemistry Acharya Narendra Dev College University of Delhi Govindpuri, Kalkaji New Delhi India 110 019
| | - Devansh Rai
- Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan New Delhi India 110 021
| | - Nishita Avasthi
- Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan New Delhi India 110 021
| | - Harsimar Kaur
- Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan New Delhi India 110 021
| | - Shruti Rai
- Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan New Delhi India 110 021
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8
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Wei N, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Chen T, Wang G. The effect of modifying group on the acid properties and catalytic performance of sulfonated mesoporous polydivinylbenzene solid acid in the Bisphenol-A synthesis reaction. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Ferreira ARO, Silvestre-Albero J, Maier ME, Ricardo NMPS, Cavalcante Jr CL, Luna FMT. Sulfonated MCM-41 as potential catalyst to obtain biolubricants from vegetable oil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Chanu LV, Singh OM. Recent progress in the synthesis of azoles and related five‐membered ring heterocycles using silica‐supported heterogeneous catalysts. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Bui TV, Umbarila SJ, Wang B, Sooknoi T, Li G, Chen B, Resasco DE. High-Temperature Grafting Silylation for Minimizing Leaching of Acid Functionality from Hydrophobic Mesoporous Silicas Used as Catalysts in the Liquid Phase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6838-6852. [PMID: 31039313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ordered-hexagonal silica materials, such as Mobil crystalline material-41 and Santa Barbara amorphous-15, have important applications in heterogeneous catalysis and biomass conversion due to their chemical stability and mesoporous structure. Low-temperature grafting (LG) is one of the most common functionalization methods used to modify the acidity/basicity or hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the surface. However, the materials prepared by this method are prone to leaching of functional groups into the reaction medium. The exact nature of the leaching phenomenon has not been fully addressed in the literature. In this contribution, we have investigated this process at the molecular level by combining well-controlled reaction experiments and several characterization techniques (Fourier transform infrared, 1H-29Si cross-polarization magic-angle spinning NMR, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption-desorption). We have found that leaching is originated by the presence of terminal surface silanols, which render the catalysts susceptible to the attack of water and polar compounds. Hence, instead of simple detaching of functional groups, leaching can be better described as a partial dissolution of the surface layers of the silica, which of course also removes the functional groups during this process. Therefore, an effective strategy to minimize leaching is to reduce the density of free silanols via full functionalization of the surface. We propose a novel silylation method, high-temperature grafting, which allows the grafting process to be conducted at high temperatures (180 °C) under solvent-free conditions. By this method, a more complete silylation of surface silanols can be obtained. Consequently, the samples prepared by this high-temperature grafting method show to be highly stable during acid-catalyzed alkylation reaction, conducted under severe conditions (high temperature and in the presence of polar solvents).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong V Bui
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd Street , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Santiago J Umbarila
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd Street , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd Street , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Tawan Sooknoi
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd Street , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Gengnan Li
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd Street , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Banghao Chen
- NMR Facilities, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way Rm. 118 DLC , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Daniel E Resasco
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , 100 East Boyd Street , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
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12
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Vlasenko NV, Kochkin YN, Serebrii TG, Strizhak PE. Organic–Inorganic Composites Based on Gel-Type Sulfonic Resin KU-2-8 and Zirconia: Acid and Catalytic Properties in the Etherification Reaction of iso-Butylene with Ethanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Vlasenko
- LV Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Yuri N. Kochkin
- LV Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Tamila G. Serebrii
- LV Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Peter E. Strizhak
- LV Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Tian F, Zuo Y, Mu Y, Meng C. High pH promoting the synthesis of V-Silicalite-1 with high vanadium content in the framework and its catalytic performance in selective oxidation of styrene. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11375-11385. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
V-Silicalite-1 with a high vanadium content in the framework was synthesized. OH− ions effectively promoted the entry of vanadium atoms into the framework. The V-Silicalite-1 exhibited good catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- PR China
| | - Yifu Zhang
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- PR China
| | - Fuping Tian
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- PR China
| | - Yi Zuo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- PR China
| | - Yang Mu
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- PR China
| | - Changgong Meng
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- PR China
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Hermida L, Amani H, Saeidi S, Zuhairi Abdullah A, Rahman Mohamed A. Selective acid-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst for conversion of glycerol to monoglycerides: state of the art and future prospects. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The quest for efficient and selective catalysts for conversion of glycerol monoglyceride is critical for the development of reliable methods for its synthesis. Thus, various types of catalyst and methods of catalyst manufacturing for conversion of glycerol to monoglycerides have been investigated. Acid-functionalized mesoporous catalysts are emerging as highly efficient catalysts for conversion of glycerol into monoglyceride. The incorporation of acid components into different mesoporous silicas for this application is reviewed in this work. The superiority of mesostructure catalysts in comparison to microporous catalysts has been elucidated in terms of accessibility to active sites, pore diffusion, thermal stability of the catalyst and catalyst reusability. Recent direction of novel acid-functionalized mesoporous catalysts development for this application is also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilis Hermida
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus , 14300 Nibong Tebal , Penang , Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Lampung , Bandar Lampung 35145 , Lampung , Indonesia
| | - Hadis Amani
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus , 14300 Nibong Tebal , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Samrand Saeidi
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Tehran , Iran
- School of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) , No. 424, Hafez Avenue , 15914, Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus , 14300 Nibong Tebal , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus , 14300 Nibong Tebal , Penang , Malaysia
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15
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Vekariya RH, Prajapati NP, Patel HD. MCM-41-anchored sulfonic acid (MCM-41-SO3H): An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for green organic synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1212380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh H. Vekariya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neelam P. Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Karami C, Abdollahifar M, Jahani F, Farrokhi A, Taher MA. The preparation and characterization of flower-like boehmite nanoparticles-SA: A new and reusable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazoles. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1186097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changiz Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozaffar Abdollahifar
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Jahani
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azita Farrokhi
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Taher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Rezaee P, Davarpanah J. Nanosilica-bonded N-(propylsulfonyl) piperazine-N-sulfamic acid as recyclable catalyst for synthesis of 1,1′-(arylmethylene) diureas and 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-dithiones. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Devi LR, Chanu LV, Choi H, Lee D, Singh OM, Lee SG. Silica-ZnCl2: An Efficient and Reusable Solid Catalyst for One Pot Synthesis of 5-Methyl Mercaptothiocarbonyl-4-aryl-3-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Under Solvent-Free Conditions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laishram Ronibala Devi
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities; National Institute of Technology; Langol 795004 India
| | | | - Hojune Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Graudate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
| | - Dahyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Graudate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
| | | | - Sang-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Graudate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 660-701 Korea
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Guo R, Zhu C, Sheng Z, Li Y, Yin W, Chu C. Silica sulfuric acid mediated acylation of amines with 1,3-diketones via CC bond cleavage under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sun N, Zhu X, Luo J, Mo W, Hu B, Hu X. Heterogeneous Synthesis of Indole-2-Carboxylic Esters Via Bischler Cyclization Under the Catalysis of Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized SBA-15 Silicas. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MCM-41 supported perchloric acid for efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones via Biginelli reaction. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang G, Qin L, Wu Y, Xu Z, Guo X. Iron oxide nanoparticles immobilized to mesoporous NH2-SiO2 spheres by sulfonic acid functionalization as highly efficient catalysts. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1102-1109. [PMID: 25482204 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05884d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel SiO2 nanosphere was synthesized by the post-synthetic grafting of sulfonic acid groups on to anionic-surfactant-templated mesoporous NH2-silica (AMAS). This one-pot post-functionalization strategy allowed more metal ions to be homogeneously anchored into the channel of the meso-SiO2 nanosphere. After hydrothermal and calcination treatment, the in situ growth of α-Fe2O3 on sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous NH2-SiO2 (SA-AMAS) exhibited much higher activity in the visible-light assisted Fenton reaction at neutral pH than that for AMAS or meso-SiO2 nanospheres. By analysis, the grafted sulfonic acid group can not only enhance the acid strength of the catalyst, but can also bring more orbital-overlapping between the active sites (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) and the surface peroxide species, to facilitate the decomposition of H2O2 to hydroxyl radical. The present results provide opportunities for developing heterogeneous catalysts with high-performance in the field of green chemistry and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Oceanic and Environmental Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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23
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ZnCl2-modified ion exchange resin as an efficient catalyst for the bisphenol-A production. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Mehrasbi E, Sarrafi Y, Tajbakhsh M. Efficient synthesis of 3,3-di(indolyl)oxindoles catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SAMSNs) in aqueous media. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Banerjee S, Periyasamy G, Pati SK. Formation mechanism and possible stereocontrol of bisphenol a derivatives: a computational study. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9258-62. [PMID: 25017955 DOI: 10.1021/jp506822w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theoretical study elucidates two different pathways for metabolic activation of 2,2'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Bisphenol A; BPA) and consequential formation of 4-methyl-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-ene (M-1) and 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (M-2, the potential environmental estrogen). Selectivity toward M-1(nontoxic)/M-2(toxic) formation can be controlled by varying the polarity of the reaction medium. We also found the reversal of thermodynamic stability for M-1/M-2 in response to the static polarization of the medium. Moreover, stereocontrol of biologically active M-2 with static polarization as the switch (∼0.005 au) might affect the receptor binding. This analysis may be useful in dictating the prevention of the harmful action of BPA and its metabolites.
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26
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Hasan Z, Jhung SH. Facile in situ Syntheses of Highly Water‐Stable Acidic Sulfonated Mesoporous Silica without Surfactant or Template. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University Daegu 702‐701, Korea http://blog.naver.com/greenchemlab
| | - Sung Hwa Jhung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University Daegu 702‐701, Korea http://blog.naver.com/greenchemlab
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Mehrasbi E, Sarrafi Y, Vahid A, Alinezhad H. Sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SAMSNs): a recoverable heterogeneous acid catalyst for green synthesis of dicoumarols. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Tao B, Fletcher AJ. Catalytic degradation and adsorption of metaldehyde from drinking water by functionalized mesoporous silicas and ion-exchange resin. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Nano Fibrous Silica Sulphuric Acid as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of β-Enaminone. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-013-1190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Wang B, Sun H, Zhu J, Wang L, Chen S. Bis (2-mercapto-ethyl) amine modification of macroporous sulfonic resin catalyst in bisphenol-a synthesis. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; Research and Development Center of Petrochemical Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; Research and Development Center of Petrochemical Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; Research and Development Center of Petrochemical Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; Research and Development Center of Petrochemical Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education; Research and Development Center of Petrochemical Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
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31
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Zolfigol M, Khazaei A, Mokhlesi M, Derakhshan-Panah F. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of monodispersed nano-sphere silica sulfuric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Hakki A, Dillert R, Bahnemann DW. Arenesulfonic Acid-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Decorated with Titania: A Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One-Pot Photocatalytic Synthesis of Quinolines from Nitroaromatic Compounds and Alcohols. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300736x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amer Hakki
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität
Hannover Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Dillert
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität
Hannover Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef W. Bahnemann
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität
Hannover Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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33
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Ziarani GM, Badiei A, Azizi M, Lashgari N. Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Bis(4-hydroxycoumarin)methanes in the Presence of Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Nanoporous Silica (SBA-Pr-SO3H). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Balu AM, Pineda A, Obermayer D, Romero AA, Kappe CO, Luque R. Versatile low-loaded mechanochemically synthesized supported iron oxide nanoparticles for continuous flow alkylations. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Singh D, Deota PT. Cycloaddition of Bis-cyclohexa-2,4-dienones: Synthesis of Novel Carbocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.598440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Van de Vyver S, Geboers J, Helsen S, Yu F, Thomas J, Smet M, Dehaen W, Sels BF. Thiol-promoted catalytic synthesis of diphenolic acid with sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole)s. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3497-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Functionalized mesoporous silica offers promising possibilities for numerous applications, including drug delivery, catalysis, and adsorption. This minireview focuses on recent developments related to the postsynthetic positioning of functional groups on mesoporous silica. After briefly introducing the reagents that are commonly used for this purpose, methods to control and to analyze the distribution of the grafted functional groups are discussed, with particular emphasis on concepts that allow the placement of the groups at specific distances from each other, as well as on approaches towards the selective functionalization of the external particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brühwiler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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38
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Garade A, Kshirsagar V, Jha A, Rode C. Structure–activity studies of dodecatungstophosphoric acid impregnated bentonite clay catalyst in hydroxyalkylation of p-cresol. CATAL COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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39
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An overview of recent development in composite catalysts from porous materials for various reactions and processes. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2152-87. [PMID: 20559508 PMCID: PMC2885100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11052152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysts are important to the chemical industry and environmental remediation due to their effective conversion of one chemical into another. Among them, composite catalysts have attracted continuous attention during the past decades. Nowadays, composite catalysts are being used more and more to meet the practical catalytic performance requirements in the chemical industry of high activity, high selectivity and good stability. In this paper, we reviewed our recent work on development of composite catalysts, mainly focusing on the composite catalysts obtained from porous materials such as zeolites, mesoporous materials, carbon nanotubes (CNT), etc. Six types of porous composite catalysts are discussed, including amorphous oxide modified zeolite composite catalysts, zeolite composites prepared by co-crystallization or overgrowth, hierarchical porous catalysts, host-guest porous composites, inorganic and organic mesoporous composite catalysts, and polymer/CNT composite catalysts.
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40
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Regiospecific Oxyhalogenation of Aromatics Over SBA-15-Supported Nanoparticle Group IV–VI Metal Oxides. Catal Letters 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-010-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Zhang B, Ren J, Liu X, Guo Y, Guo Y, Lu G, Wang Y. Novel sulfonated carbonaceous materials from p-toluenesulfonic acid/glucose as a high-performance solid-acid catalyst. CATAL COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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42
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Rode CV, Garade AC, Chikate RC. Solid Acid Catalysts: Modification of Acid Sites and Effect on Activity and Selectivity Tuning in Various Reactions. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-009-9078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydrogen and Oxygen over Palladium Catalyst Supported on SO3H-Functionalized SBA-15. Catal Letters 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-009-9990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Covalently anchored sulfonic acid on silica gel (SiO2-R-SO3H) as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes under solvent-free conditions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Park S, Jung JC, Seo JG, Kim TJ, Chung YM, Oh SH, Song IK. Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydrogen and Oxygen Over Palladium Catalysts Supported on SO3H-Functionalized SiO2 and TiO2. Catal Letters 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-009-9946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Yadav GD, Salgaonkar SS. Loss Prevention and Waste Minimization with Cascade-Engineered Green Synthesis of Bisphenol-A from Cumene Hydroperoxide and Phenol using Heteropoly Acid-Supported Clay Catalysts. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op800262u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, India
| | - Sanket S. Salgaonkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, India
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47
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MCM-41 anchored sulfonic acid (MCM-41-R-SO3H): A mild, reusable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the Biginelli reaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Melnyk IV, Zub YL, Véron E, Massiot D, Cacciaguerra T, Alonso B. Spray-dried mesoporous silica microspheres with adjustable textures and pore surfaces homogenously covered by accessible thiol functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b717133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Zhang R, Yang C. A novel polyoxometalate-functionalized mesoporous hybrid silica: synthesis and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b800025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Chen SY, Jang LY, Cheng S. Synthesis of thermally stable zirconia-based mesoporous materials via a facile post-treatment. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:11761-71. [PMID: 16800475 DOI: 10.1021/jp060564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of preparing thermally stable zirconia-based mesoporous materials was developed. The zirconia-based mesoporous materials of 2D-hexagonal structure were prepared using zirconium sulfate as the zirconium precursor and cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) as the pore-directing agent with the aid of salt in the synthesis solution to reduce the sulfate content in the final product and significantly improve the crystallographic ordering. Post-treatment of the mesoporous material with NaCl solution and lowering the ramping rate to less than 0.2 degrees C/min during the calcination process, however, were the key steps to hinder the growth of the dense zirconia phase and to retain the ordered mesostructure up to 600 degrees C. It was found that a portion of the surfactant (8.9-17.4 wt %) and sulfate ions (0.5-1.2 wt %) were removed during the post-treatment, which prevented the remaining sulfate groups from being reduced by the hydrogen-rich surfactant during the calcination process as confirmed by sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and infrared spectroscopy. The maintenance of sulfur in the sulfate state seemed to be important in stabilizing the mesoporous structure of zirconia materials. The mesoporous zirconia materials after extraction with NaCl solution three times and calcination at 550-600 degrees C had the composition ZrO(2-x)(SO4)x with x = 0.10-0.27. The material possesses high surface area (approximately 200 m2/g), large pore volume (approximately 0.10 cm3/g), and wormlike mesopores. In comparison with the mesoporous zirconia materials stabilized by chemical treatment, the present route was simpler and more environmentally friendly and resulted in mesoporous zirconia materials of better thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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