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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Abstract
Two formal syntheses and one total synthesis of fostriecin (1) have been achieved, as well as, the synthesis of its related congener dihydro-dephospho-fostriecin. All the routes use the Sharpless dihydroxylation to set the absolute stereochemistry at C-8/9 positions and a Leighton allylation to set the C-5 position of the natural product. In the formal syntheses a Noyori transfer hydrogenation of an ynone was used to set the C-11 position while the total synthesis employed a combination of asymmetric dihydroxylation and Pd-π-allyl reduction to set the C-11 position. Finally in the total synthesis, a trans-hydroboration of the C-12/13 alkyne was used in combination with a Suzuki cross coupling to establish the Z,Z,E-triene of fostriecin (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, US
| | - Bohui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, US
| | - George O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, US
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3
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Gao D, Li B, O’Doherty GA. Synthesis of Dehydro-Dephospho-Fostriecin and Formal Total Synthesis of Fostriecin. Org Lett 2019; 21:8334-8338. [PMID: 31584287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Bohui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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4
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Zeng X, Sun J, Liu C, Ji C, Peng Y. Catalytic Asymmetric Cyanation Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones in Total Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Ping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic MoleculeMinistry of EducationJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic MoleculeMinistry of EducationJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic MoleculeMinistry of EducationJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong‐Bin Ji
- Jiangxi Provincial Research of Targeting Pharmaceutical Engineering TechnologyShangrao Normal University Shangrao Jiangxi 334001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic MoleculeMinistry of EducationJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
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5
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Trost BM, Knopf JD, Brindle CS. Synthetic Strategies Employed for the Construction of Fostriecin and Related Natural Products. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15035-15088. [PMID: 28027648 PMCID: PMC5720176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fostriecin and related natural products present a significant challenge for synthetic chemists due to their structural complexity and chemical sensitivity. This review will chronicle the successful efforts of synthetic chemists in the construction of these biologically active molecules. Key carbon-carbon bond forming reactions will be highlighted, as well as the methods used to install the numerous stereocenters present in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Joshua D. Knopf
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States
| | - Cheyenne S. Brindle
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States
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6
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Otsuka Y, Takada H, Yasuda S, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Allylic Cyanides to Aldehydes for Expeditious Access to Enantioenriched Unsaturated δ-Valerolactones. Chem Asian J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Cowper N, Azzi S, Dupont-Gaudet K, Burch JD. 1,4-Induction in aldol reactions of (tertiary α′-alkoxy)methyl ketones: synthesis of the C8–C11 stereotriad of ent-fostriecin. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Wang Y, Xing Y, Zhang Q, O'Doherty GA. De novo synthesis of natural products via the asymmetric hydration of polyenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8493-505. [PMID: 21559534 PMCID: PMC5815319 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For the last ten years our group has been working toward the development of an asymmetric hydration approach to polyketide natural products based on the regioselective hydration of di- and tri-enoates. Key to the success of this approach is the recognition that both high regiocontrol and asymmetric induction could be obtained by the use of a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. Herein we describe the development of the method and its application to natural product total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Gao D, O'Doherty GA. Total synthesis of fostriecin: via a regio- and stereoselective polyene hydration, oxidation, and hydroboration sequence. Org Lett 2010; 12:3752-5. [PMID: 20687585 DOI: 10.1021/ol101340n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of the fostriecin has been achieved in 24 steps from enyne 11. The lactone moiety was installed by a Leighton allylation and Grubbs ring-closing metathesis reaction. The highly reactive Z,Z,E-triene moiety was installed via a late-stage Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of a remarkably stable Z-vinyl boronate. The relative and absolute stereocenters of the C-8,9,11 triol were generated with a regio- and stereoselective asymmetric hydration/oxidation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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10
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Jahn U, Dinca E. Toward the elucidation of the metabolism of 15-E(2)-isoprostane: the total synthesis of the methyl ester of a potential central metabolite. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4480-91. [PMID: 20527974 DOI: 10.1021/jo1006569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An 11-step total synthesis of the methyl ester of a potential metabolite of the autoxidatively formed natural product 15-E(2)-IsoP, whose metabolism is not known, is reported. Several vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol additions were tested for the assembly of the acyclic C7-C20 precursor. A new oxidative dianion cyclization served to access the cyclopentane core. The full carbon skeleton was synthesized by an acetylide alkylation. The overall yield of the metabolite amounts to 1.4% for the most efficient route. The results demonstrate convincingly that E(2)-IsoP metabolites are highly epimerization-sensitive and that they may thus also contribute to PGE(2)-action and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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11
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Burke CP, Swingle MR, Honkanen RE, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of phostriecin and key structural analogues. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7505-13. [PMID: 20669916 PMCID: PMC2978778 DOI: 10.1021/jo1010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Full details of the total synthesis of phostriecin (2), the assignment of its relative and absolute stereochemistry, and the resultant structural reassignment of the natural product previously represented as sultriecin (1), a phosphate versus sulfate monoester, are detailed. Studies with authentic material confirmed that phostriecin, but not sultriecin, is an effective and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) defining a mechanism of action responsible for its antitumor activity. The extension of the studies to the synthesis and evaluation of a series of key synthetic analogues is disclosed that highlights the importance of the natural product phosphate monoester (vs sulfate or free alcohol, both inactive and >250-fold), the α,β-unsaturated lactone (12-fold), and the hydrophobic Z,Z,E-triene tail (C12-C22, ca. 200-fold) including the unique importance of its unsaturation (50-fold, and no longer PP2A selective).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mark R. Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Richard E. Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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12
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Hayashi Y, Yamaguchi H, Toyoshima M, Okado K, Toyo T, Shoji M. Formal Total Synthesis of Fostriecin by 1,4-Asymmetric Induction with an Alkyne-Cobalt Complex. Chemistry 2010; 16:10150-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Furuta H, Hasegawa Y, Hase M, Mori Y. Total Synthesis of Gambierol by Using Oxiranyl Anions. Chemistry 2010; 16:7586-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Burke CP, Haq N, Boger DL. Total synthesis, assignment of the relative and absolute stereochemistry, and structural reassignment of phostriecin (aka Sultriecin). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2157-9. [PMID: 20108904 PMCID: PMC2824046 DOI: 10.1021/ja9097252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of phostriecin (2), previously known as sultriecin (1), its structural reassignment as a phosphate versus sulfate monoester, and the assignment of its relative and absolute stereochemistry are disclosed herein. Key elements of the work, which provided first the originally assigned sulfate monoester 1 and then the reassigned and renamed phosphate monoester 2, relied on diagnostic (1)H NMR spectroscopic properties of the natural product for the assignment of relative and absolute stereochemistry as well as the subsequent structural reassignment, and a convergent asymmetric total synthesis to provide the unequivocal authentic materials. Key steps of the synthetic approach include a Brown allylation for diastereoselective introduction of the C9 stereochemistry, an asymmetric CBS reduction to establish the lactone C5-stereochemistry, diastereoselective oxidative ring expansion of an alpha-hydroxyfuran to access the pyran lactone precursor, and single-step installation of the sensitive Z,Z,E-triene unit through a chelation-controlled cuprate addition with installation of the C11 stereochemistry. The approach allows ready access to analogues that can now be used to probe important structural features required for protein phosphatase 2A inhibition, the mechanism of action defined herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nadia Haq
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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15
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Abstract
1,6-Dihydro-3(2H)-pyridinone, designed as a common synthon for synthesis of various natural products, was found to be easily prepared in large scale and successfully used to synthesize a variety of alkaloids such as ibogamine, quinine and tecomanine. A tricyclo[3.3.0.0(2.8)]octane was also served as a common synthon for several sesquiterpenes such as pentalenene and quadrone. Synthetic studies by using sulfinyl chirality via an intramolecular Michael addition gave the novel route to construct spiro-ketal moiety in enantiomerically pure form. By applying this method, many natural spiro-ketal compounds were asymmetrically synthesized effectively. 3-Sulfinylated 1,4-dihydropyridine, a chiral NADH model compound, reduced activated ketones such as methyl benzoylformate to give the corresponding alcohols in excellent optical yields. A kind of 3-O-substituted pyridoxal chiral model compound was useful for preparation of alpha,alpha-dialkylated alpha-amino acids by asymmetric alpha-alkylation of alpha-amino acids. 2'-O,4'-C-Bridged nucleic acid analogs, BNAs, developed as novel type of artificial nucleic acids, showed an extraordinarily high binding affinity toward single stranded RNA and double stranded DNA complements along with excellent nuclease-resistant ability. Oligonucleotides containing BNA monomer units were proved to be very useful for various biotechnologies, such as antisense and antigene methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Imanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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16
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Miyashita K, Tsunemi T, Hosokawa T, Ikejiri M, Imanishi T. Total Synthesis of Leustroducsin B. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5360-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsunemi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikejiri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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17
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Shibahara S, Fujino M, Tashiro Y, Takahashi K, Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Phoslactomycin B. Org Lett 2008; 10:2139-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8004672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuya Shibahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masataka Fujino
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Tashiro
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Susumi Hatakeyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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18
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Hayashi Y, Yamaguchi H, Toyoshima M, Okado K, Toyo T, Shoji M. Formal Total Synthesis of Fostriecin via 1,4-Asymmetric Induction Using Cobalt-Alkyne Complex. Org Lett 2008; 10:1405-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Maya Toyoshima
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kotaro Okado
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takumi Toyo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shoji
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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19
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Raghavan S, Sreekanth T. Stereoselective synthesis of chiral tertiary alcohol building blocks via neighbouring group participation from tri-substituted olefins. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Miyashita K, Tsunemi T, Hosokawa T, Ikejiri M, Imanishi T. Total synthesis of leustroducsin B via a convergent route. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Lawhorn BG, Boga SB, Wolkenberg SE, Colby DA, Gauss CM, Swingle MR, Amable L, Honkanen RE, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of cytostatin, its C10-C11 diastereomers, and additional key analogues: impact on PP2A inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:16720-32. [PMID: 17177422 PMCID: PMC2566737 DOI: 10.1021/ja066477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of cytostatin, an antitumor agent belonging to the fostriecin family of natural products, is described in full detail. The convergent approach relied on a key epoxide-opening reaction to join the two stereotriad units and a single-step late-stage stereoselective installation of the sensitive (Z,Z,E)-triene through a beta-chelation-controlled nucleophilic addition. The synthetic route provided rapid access to the C4-C6 stereoisomers of the cytostatin lactone, which were prepared and used to define the C4-C6 relative stereochemistry of the natural product. In addition to the natural product, each of the C10-C11 diastereomers of cytostatin was divergently prepared (11 steps from key convergence step) by this route and used to unequivocally confirm the relative and absolute stereochemistry of cytostatin. Each of the cytostatin diastereomers exhibited a reduced activity toward inhibition of PP2A (>100-fold), demonstrating the importance of the presence and stereochemistry of the C10-methyl and C11-hydroxy groups for potent PP2A inhibition. Extensions of the studies provided dephosphocytostatin, sulfocytostatin (a key analogue related to the natural product sultriecin), 11-deshydroxycytostatin, and an analogue lacking the entire C12-C18 (Z,Z,E)-triene segment, which were used to define the magnitude of the C9-phosphate (>4000-fold), C11-alcohol (250-fold), and triene (220-fold) contribution to PP2A inhibition. A model of cytostatin bound to the active site of PP2A is presented, compared to that of fostriecin, which is also presented in detail for the first time, and used to provide insights into the role of the key substituents. Notably, the alpha,beta unsaturated lactone of cytostatin, like that of fostriecin, is projected to serve as a key electrophile, providing a covalent adduct with Cys269 unique to PP2A, contributing to its potency (> or =200-fold for fostriecin) and accounting for its selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Lawhorn
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Sobhana B. Boga
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Scott E. Wolkenberg
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - David A. Colby
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Carla-Maria Gauss
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mark R. Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Lauren Amable
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Richard E. Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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22
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Wang YG, Takeyama R, Kobayashi Y. Total Synthesis of Phoslactomycin B and Its Biosynthetic Deamino Precursor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Wang YG, Takeyama R, Kobayashi Y. Total Synthesis of Phoslactomycin B and Its Biosynthetic Deamino Precursor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:3320-3. [PMID: 16619316 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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24
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Yadav J, Prathap I, Tadi BP. Formal synthesis of fostriecin by a carbohydrate-based approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Ghatge M, Palaniappan N, Das Choudhuri S, Reynolds K. Genetic manipulation of the biosynthetic process leading to phoslactomycins, potent protein phosphatase 2A inhibitors. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:589-99. [PMID: 16609856 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phoslactomycins (PLMs) represent an unusual structural class of natural products secreted by various streptomycetes, containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactone, an amino group, phosphate ester, conjugated diene and a cyclohexane ring. Phosphazomycins, phospholines and leustroducsins contain the same structural moieties, varying only in the acyl substituent at the C-18 hydroxyl position. These compounds possess either antifungal or antitumor activities or both. The antitumor activity of the PLM class of compounds has been attributed to a potent and selective inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The cysteine-269 residue of PP2Ac-subunit has been shown to be the site of covalent modification by PLMs. In this article, we review previous work on the isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities of PLMs and related compounds and current status of our work on both PLM stability and genetic manipulation of the biosynthetic process. Our work has shown that PLM B is surprisingly stable in solution, with a pH optimum of 6. Preliminary biosynthetic studies utilizing isotopically labeled shikimic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHC) suggested PLM B to be a polyketide-type antibiotic synthesized using CHC as a starter unit. Using a gene (chcA) from a set of CHC-CoA biosynthesis genes from Streptomyces collinus as a probe, a 75 kb region of 29 ORFs encoding PLM biosynthesis was located in the genome of Streptomyces sp. strain HK803. Analysis and subsequent manipulation of plmS2 and plmR2 in the gene cluster has allowed for rational engineering of a strain that produces only one PLM analog, PLM B, at ninefold higher titers than the wild type strain. A strain producing PLM G (the penultimate intermediate in PLMs biosynthesis) has also been generated. Current work is aimed at selective in vitro acylation of PLM G with various carboxylic acids and a precursor-directed biosynthesis in a chcA deletion mutant with the aim of generating novel PLM analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Ghatge
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
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Maki K, Motoki R, Fujii K, Kanai M, Kobayashi T, Tamura S, Shibasaki M. Catalyst-controlled asymmetric synthesis of fostriecin and 8-epi-fostriecin. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:17111-7. [PMID: 16316259 DOI: 10.1021/ja0562043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the natural antibiotic fostriecin (CI-920) and its analogue 8-epi-fostriecin and evaluation of their biological activity are described. We used four catalytic asymmetric reactions to construct all of the chiral centers of fostriecin and 8-epi-fostriecin; cyanosilylation of a ketone, Yamamoto allylation, direct aldol reaction, and Noyori reduction, two of which were developed by our group. Catalytic enantioselective cyanosilylation of ketone 13 produced the chiral tetrasubstituted carbon at C-8. Both enantiomers of the product cyanohydrin were obtained with high enantioselectivity by switching the center metal of the catalyst from titanium to gadolinium. Yamamoto allylation constructed the C-5 chiral carbon in the alpha,beta-unsaturated lactone moiety. A direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of an alkynyl ketone using LLB catalyst constructed the chirality at C-9 with the introduction of a synthetically versatile alkyne moiety, which was later converted to cis-vinyl iodide, the substrate for the subsequent Stille coupling for the triene synthesis. Noyori reduction produced the secondary alcohol at C-11 from the acetylene ketone 6 with excellent selectivity. Importantly, all the stereocenters were constructed under catalyst control in this synthesis. This strategy should be useful for rapid synthesis of stereoisomers of fostriecin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Maki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Tsubuki M, Iwabuchi K, Honda T. Studies on the construction of abutasterone-type and 24-epi-abutasterone-type side chains employing asymmetric dihydroxylation of (E)-20(22),24-cholestadiene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Trost BM, Frederiksen MU, Papillon JPN, Harrington PE, Shin S, Shireman BT. Dinuclear asymmetric Zn aldol additions: formal asymmetric synthesis of fostriecin. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:3666-7. [PMID: 15771479 DOI: 10.1021/ja042435i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric aldol reactions constitute a powerful methodology for the efficient synthesis of complex natural products. Herein we report the first application of our recently reported dinuclear Zn-catalyzed direct aldol addition of alkynyl ketones to aldehydes in a short and efficient formal asymmetric synthesis of fostriecin, a potent cyctotoxic natural product. This work highlights not only the power of the aldol methodology but also the utility of the akynyl silane aldol adducts, as it is subsequently utilized in a vinyl silane cross-coupling reaction which affords the target molecule in 14 steps for the longest linear sequence in 8.5% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080, USA.
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Lê LH, Erlichman C, Pillon L, Thiessen JJ, Day A, Wainman N, Eisenhauer EA, Moore MJ. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of fostriecin given as an intravenous bolus daily for five consecutive days. Invest New Drugs 2004; 22:159-67. [PMID: 14739664 DOI: 10.1023/b:drug.0000011792.13160.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fostriecin (CI-920) is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 4(PP4) found to have anticancer activity in preclinical testing. A phase I study was conducted to evaluate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity profile, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of this drug. Forty-six patients were treated with escalating doses of fostriecin (2-47 mg/m2) administered as a daily bolus infusion for five consecutive days. PK studies were performed at different time points following administration of fostriecin. Dose-limiting toxicities included: elevation of creatinine, bilirubin, and hepatic transaminases; nausea, anorexia, lethargy, and hypotension. PK studies were compatible with a two-compartment model. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between dose and clearance; however, the r2 value was only 0.168 indicating a low predictive value for the model. No significant difference was seen in PK parameters with repeated dosing during the same cycle. Although no tumor responses were seen, 16 patients had stable disease with a median duration response of 2.6 months. The study was closed before reaching MTD due to problems with the supply of fostriecin from the National Cancer Institute of the United States (NCI US). New methods for synthesizing fostriecin have recently been described and therefore further development of this unique anticancer agent may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyly H Lê
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ramachandran PV, Liu H, Ram Reddy MV, Brown HC. Synthesis of homoallylic chiral tertiary alcohols via chelation-controlled diastereoselective nucleophilic addition on alpha-alkoxyketones: application for the synthesis of the C(1)-C(11) subunit of 8-epi-fostriecin. Org Lett 2004; 5:3755-7. [PMID: 14507223 DOI: 10.1021/ol035516c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Chiral beta-syn-alkoxyhomoallylic alcohols derived from alkoxyallylboration of aldehydes upon oxidation provided the corresponding chiral ketones. Chelation-controlled nucleophilic addition to these ketones occurred in a highly stereoselective manner to afford anti-homoallylic tertiary alcohols. This methodology has been applied for the synthesis of the C(1)-C(11) subunit of C(8)-epi-fostriecin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, 560 Oval Drive, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
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Buck SB, Hardouin C, Ichikawa S, Soenen DR, Gauss CM, Hwang I, Swingle MR, Bonness KM, Honkanen RE, Boger DL. Fundamental role of the fostriecin unsaturated lactone and implications for selective protein phosphatase inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 125:15694-5. [PMID: 14677930 DOI: 10.1021/ja038672n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Key derivatives and analogues of fostriecin were prepared and examined that revealed a fundamental role for the unsaturated lactone and confirmed the essential nature of the phosphate monoester. Thus, an identical 200-fold reduction in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition is observed with either the saturated lactone (7) or with an analogue that lacks the entire lactone (15). This 200-fold increase in PP2A inhibition attributable to the unsaturated lactone potentially may be due to reversible C269 alkylation within the PP beta12-beta13 active site loop accounting for PP2A/4 potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne B Buck
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Virolleaud MA, Bressy C, Piva O. A straightforward synthesis of (E)-δ-alkenyl-β,γ-unsaturated δ-lactones by a tandem ring-closing/cross-coupling metathesis process. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Palaniappan N, Kim BS, Sekiyama Y, Osada H, Reynolds KA. Enhancement and selective production of phoslactomycin B, a protein phosphatase IIa inhibitor, through identification and engineering of the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:35552-7. [PMID: 12819191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m305082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phoslactomycins (PLMs), potent and selective inhibitors of serine threonine phosphatases, are of interest for their antitumor and antiviral activity. Multiple analogs and low titers in the fermentation process have hampered the development of this class of natural products. The entire 75-kb PLM biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces sp. HK-803 was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. The loading domain and seven extension modules of the PLM polyketide synthase generate an unusual linear unsaturated polyketide chain containing both E- and Z-double bonds from a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHC) primer. Hydroxylation of the CHC-derived side chain of the resulting PLM-B by PlmS2, and a subsequent esterification, produces the remaining PLM analogs. A new PCR targeting technology allowed rapid and facile allelic replacement of plmS2. The resulting mutant selectively produced the PLM-B, at 6-fold higher titers than the wild type strain. This mutant and the biosynthetic gene cluster will facilitate engineered microbial production of hybrid PLMs with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadaraj Palaniappan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA
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Miyashita K, Ikejiri M, Kawasaki H, Maemura S, Imanishi T. Total synthesis of an antitumor antibiotic, Fostriecin (CI-920). J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8238-43. [PMID: 12837094 DOI: 10.1021/ja030133v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of an antitumor antibiotic, fostriecin (CI-920), via a highly convergent route is described. A characteristic feature of the present total synthesis is that the synthesis was achieved via a coupling procedure of three segments A, B, and C. The unsaturated lactone moiety of fostriecin, corresponding to segment A, was constructed from a known Horner-Emmons reagent, and the stereochemistry of the C-5 position was introduced by asymmetric reduction with (R)-BINAl-H. Segment B having a series of stereogenic centers was synthesized from (R)-malic acid and the stereogenic centers at the C-8 and C-9 positions were prepared by a combination of Wittig reaction and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. The conjugated Z,Z,E-triene moiety of fostriecin, corresponding to segment C, was eventually constructed by Wittig reaction and Stille coupling reaction. The phosphate moiety, which is known to be essentially important for the antitumor activity, was introduced via two routes: (i) direct phosphorylation of the monohydroxyl derivative in which other hydroxyl groups are protected with silyl groups; (ii) cyclic phosphorylation and selective cleavage of the cyclic phosphate derivative. Although the former route is basically the same as those reported by other groups, the latter route is novel and more effective than the former one. The present total synthesis would serve as a versatile synthetic route to not only fostriecin, but also its various analogues including stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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