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Singh U, Pawge G, Rani S, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer DF, Wiemer AJ. Enhanced Plasma Stability and Potency of Aryl/Acyloxy Prodrugs of a BTN3A1 Ligand. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1771-1777. [PMID: 39411535 PMCID: PMC11472817 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
While ester-based phosphonate prodrugs excel at delivering payloads into cells, their instability in plasma is a hurdle for their advancement. Here, we synthesized new aryl/acyloxy prodrugs of a phosphonate BTN3A1 ligand. We evaluated their phosphoantigen potency by flow cytometry and ELISA and their plasma and cellular metabolism by LC-MS. These compounds displayed low nanomolar to high picomolar potency. Addition of a p-isopropyl group to the phenyl substituent and use of cyclohexyl or p-methoxybenzyl groups as the acyloxy substituent significantly increased human, but not mouse or rat, plasma stability without negatively impacting potency. Combinations of these prodrug moieties further improved stability, with the best combination achieving a half-life of over 12 h in human plasma, a marked improvement on prior compounds. In contrast, oxane analogs improved water solubility and cellular payload delivery but remained unstable in human plasma. The studies suggest that certain ester-based phosphonate prodrugs quickly deliver active payloads inside cells and show substantial stability in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umed Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United
States
| | - Girija Pawge
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - Sarita Rani
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - David F. Wiemer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United
States
| | - Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
- Institute
for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United
States
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Singh U, Pawge G, Rani S, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF. Diester Prodrugs of a Phosphonate Butyrophilin Ligand Display Improved Cell Potency, Plasma Stability, and Payload Internalization. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15309-15325. [PMID: 37934915 PMCID: PMC10683022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) agonists such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) has the potential to boost the immune response. Because HMBPP is highly charged and metabolically unstable, prodrugs may be needed to overcome these liabilities, but the prodrugs themselves may be limited by slow payload release or low plasma stability. To identify effective prodrug forms of a phosphonate agonist of BTN3A1, we have prepared a set of diesters bearing one aryl and one acyloxymethyl group. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation, increase production of interferon γ, resist plasma metabolism, and internalize into leukemia cells. These bioassays have revealed that varied aryl and acyloxymethyl groups can decouple plasma and cellular metabolism and have a significant impact on bioactivity (>200-fold range) and stability (>10 fold range), including some with subnanomolar potency. Our findings increase the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of mixed aryl/acyloxymethyl phosphonate prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umed Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United
States
| | - Girija Pawge
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - Sarita Rani
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
- Institute
for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United
States
| | - David F. Wiemer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United
States
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109, United
States
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Elagawany M, Maram L, Elgendy B. Novel synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters: an unprecedented CH 2 insertion. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7564-7569. [PMID: 35423285 PMCID: PMC8694985 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel method for the synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters (BAEs) from N-acylbenzotriazoles and dichloromethane (DCM) under mild conditions. This reaction is one of few examples to show the use of DCM as a C-1 surrogate in carbon-heteroatom bond formation and to highlight the versatility of using DCM as a methylene building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Lingaiah Maram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University Benha 13518 Egypt
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Overcoming Electronics with Strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100023-6.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Zheng B, Fox RJ, Sugiyama M, Fritz A, Eastgate MD. Development of Efficient Processes for the Preparation of Di-tert-butyl Potassium Phosphate and Di-tert-butyl (Chloromethyl) Phosphate. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Richard J. Fox
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Masano Sugiyama
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Alan Fritz
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical
Development and
Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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Zheng B, Sugiyama M, Eastgate MD, Fritz A, Murugesan S, Conlon DA. Development of a Process for the Preparation of Chloromethyl Chlorosulfate. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Masano Sugiyama
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Alan Fritz
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Saravanababu Murugesan
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - David A. Conlon
- Chemical Development and Chemical Development Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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Ingram AM, Stirling K, Faulds K, Moore BD, Graham D. Investigation of enzyme activity by SERRS using poly-functionalised benzotriazole derivatives as enzyme substrates. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2869-73. [PMID: 16855734 DOI: 10.1039/b603439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New methods of measuring biologically relevant concentrations of enzymes are necessary to allow greater understanding of biological systems. We have previously shown that aryl azo benzotriazolyl alkyl esters can act as enzyme substrates, with the progress of the reaction being monitored using SERRS (see Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1133, ref. ). This is a wholly novel analytical application of SERRS, and the low detection levels of the technique allow for an ultra-sensitive enzyme assay. Masked enzyme substrates are used that are invisible to SERRS until enzymatic hydrolysis. Turnover of the substrate by the enzyme leads to the release of the surface-seeking dye necessary for SERRS, and intense signals are produced. Here we report an improved synthesis of 2H-benzotriazolyl alkyl esters via nucleophilic substitution of a chloromethyl ester by benzotriazolyl azo dyes, giving up to a ten-fold increase on previously reported yields. Introduction of electron-withdrawing groups to the benzotriazole ring allows control over the SERRS properties of the compounds. This is of great significance in expanding the synthetic flexibility and subsequently the fundamental use of these compounds as ultra-sensitive and selective reporters of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Ingram
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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