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Molecular Probes for Evaluation of Oxidative Stress by In Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging: State-of-the-Art and Limitations. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as a misbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defenses of the cell, appears as a critical factor either in the onset or in the etiology of many pathological conditions. Several methods of detection exist. However, they usually rely on ex vivo evaluation or reports on the status of living tissues only up to a few millimeters in depth, while a whole-body, real-time, non-invasive monitoring technique is required for early diagnosis or as an aid to therapy (to monitor the action of a drug). Methods based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in association with molecular probes based on aminoxyl radicals (nitroxides) or hydroxylamines especially, have emerged as very promising to meet these standards. The principles involve monitoring the rate of decrease or increase of the EPR signal in vivo after injection of the nitroxide or the hydroxylamine probe, respectively, in a pathological versus a control situation. There have been many successful applications in various rodent models. However, current limitations lie in both the field of the technical development of the spectrometers and the molecular probes. The scope of this review will mainly focus on the latter.
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Rosselin M, Choteau F, Zéamari K, Nash KM, Das A, Lauricella R, Lojou E, Tuccio B, Villamena FA, Durand G. Reactivities of substituted α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrones. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6615-26. [PMID: 24968285 PMCID: PMC4216227 DOI: 10.1021/jo501121g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
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In
this work, a series of α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrones bearing one, two, or three substituents
on the tert-butyl group was synthesized. Cyclic voltammetry
(CV) was used to investigate their electrochemical properties and
showed a more pronounced substituent effect for oxidation than for
reduction. Rate constants of superoxide radical (O2•–) reactions with nitrones were determined using
a UV–vis stopped-flow method, and phenyl radical (Ph•) trapping rate constants were measured by EPR spectroscopy. The
effect of N-tert-butyl substitution
on the charge density and electron density localization of the nitronyl
carbon as well as on the free energies of nitrone reactivity with
O2•– and HO2• were computationally rationalized at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G**//B3LYP/6-31G*
level of theory. Theoretical and experimental data showed that the
rates of the reaction correlate with the nitronyl carbon charge density,
suggesting a nucleophilic nature of O2•– and Ph• addition to the nitronyl carbon atom.
Finally, the substituent effect was investigated in cell cultures
exposed to hydrogen peroxide and a correlation between the cell viability
and the oxidation potential of the nitrones was observed. Through
a combination of computational methodologies and experimental methods,
new insights into the reactivity of free radicals with nitrone derivatives
have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rosselin
- Avignon Université , Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
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Mitsuta K. Reconsideration of the Optically Investigated Competitive Reaction between CytochromecReduction due to Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutation in the Presence of Xanthine Oxidase. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Potential implication of the chemical properties and bioactivity of nitrone spin traps for therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1171-207. [PMID: 22709256 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrone therapeutics has been employed in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The nitrone-based compound NXY-059, which is the first drug to reach clinical trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, has provided promise for the development of more robust pharmacological agents. However, the specific mechanism of nitrone bioactivity remains unclear. In this review, we present a variety of nitrone chemistry and biological activity that could be implicated for the nitrone's pharmacological activity. The chemistries of spin trapping and spin adduct reveal insights on the possible roles of nitrones for altering cellular redox status through radical scavenging or nitric oxide donation, and their biological effects are presented. An interdisciplinary approach towards the development of novel synthetic antioxidants with improved pharmacological properties encompassing theoretical, synthetic, biochemical and in vitro/in vivo studies is covered.
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Mitsuta K. Reevaluation of the Reactivity of Superoxide Radicals by Consideration of Both the Alkalinity of KO2 and the Superoxide-Scavenging Activity of Xanthine Oxidase. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Allouch A, Lauricella R, Tuccio B. Effect of pH on superoxide/hydroperoxyl radical trapping by nitrones: an EPR/kinetic study. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701494024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mitsuta K. The Evaluation Theory of Free Radical Scavenging and the Application to Xanthine Oxidase. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hardy M, Bardelang D, Karoui H, Rockenbauer A, Finet JP, Jicsinszky L, Rosas R, Ouari O, Tordo P. Improving the trapping of superoxide radical with a beta-cyclodextrin- 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO) conjugate. Chemistry 2010; 15:11114-8. [PMID: 19760720 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Hardy
- UMR 6264, Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Equipe SREP, Universités d'Aix-Marseille 1, 2, 3 et CNRS, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Han Y, Tuccio B, Lauricella R, Villamena FA. Improved spin trapping properties by beta-cyclodextrin-cyclic nitrone conjugate. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7108-17. [PMID: 18707169 DOI: 10.1021/jo8007176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spin trapping using a nitrone and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is commonly employed in the identification of transient radicals in chemical and biological systems. There has also been a growing interest in the pharmacological activity of nitrones, and there is, therefore, a pressing need to develop nitrones with improved spin trapping properties and controlled delivery in cellular systems. The beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD)-cyclic nitrone conjugate, 5-N-beta-cyclodextrin-carboxamide-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (CDNMPO) was synthesized and characterized. 1-D and 2-D NMR show two stereoisomeric forms (i.e., 5S- and 5R-) for CDNMPO. Spin trapping using CDNMPO shows distinctive EPR spectra for superoxide radical anion (O2(*-)) compared to other biologically relevant free radicals. Kinetic analysis of O2(*-) adduct formation and decay using singular value decomposition and pseudoinverse deconvolution methods gave an average bimolecular rate constant of k = 58 +/- 1 M(-1) s(-1) and a maximum half-life of t(1/2) = 27.5 min at pH 7.0. Molecular modeling was used to rationalize the long-range coupling between the nitrone and the beta-CD, as well as the stability of the O2(*-) adducts. This study demonstrates how a computational approach can aid in the design of spin traps with a relatively high rate of reactivity to O2(*-), and how beta-CD can improve adduct stability via intramolecular interaction with the O2(*-) adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Han
- Department of Pharmacology, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Han Y, Tuccio B, Lauricella R, Rockenbauer A, Zweier JL, Villamena FA. Synthesis and Spin-Trapping Properties of a New Spirolactonyl Nitrone. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2533-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702434u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Beatrice Tuccio
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Robert Lauricella
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Laboratory Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, University of Provence-CNRS, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Jerome 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59,
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Villamena FA, Xia S, Merle JK, Lauricella R, Tuccio B, Hadad CM, Zweier JL. Reactivity of superoxide radical anion with cyclic nitrones: role of intramolecular H-bond and electrostatic effects. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8177-91. [PMID: 17564447 PMCID: PMC2527741 DOI: 10.1021/ja0702622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Limitations exist among the commonly used cyclic nitrone spin traps for biological free radical detection using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The design of new spin traps for biological free radical detection and identification using EPR spectroscopy has been a major challenge due to the lack of systematic and rational approaches to their design. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and stopped-flow kinetics were employed to predict the reactivity of functionalized spin traps with superoxide radical anion (O2*-). Functional groups provide versatility and can potentially improve spin-trap reactivity, adduct stability, and target specificity. The effect of functional group substitution at the C-5 position of pyrroline N-oxides on spin-trap reactivity toward O2*- was computationally rationalized at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) and PCM/mPW1K/6-31+G(d,p) levels of theory. Calculated free energies and rate constants for the reactivity of O2*- with model nitrones were found to correlate with the experimentally obtained rate constants using stopped-flow and EPR spectroscopic methods. New insights into the nucleophilic nature of O2*- addition to nitrones as well as the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding of O2*- in facilitating this reaction are discussed. This study shows that using an N-monoalkylsubstituted amide or an ester as attached groups on the nitrone can be ideal in molecular tethering for improved spin-trapping properties and could pave the way for improved in vivo radical detection at the site of superoxide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Villamena
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
| | - Shijing Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
| | - John K. Merle
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
| | - Robert Lauricella
- Laboratory TRACES, JE 2421, Aix-Marseille Universite, Faculte St Jerome, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Beatrice Tuccio
- Laboratory TRACES, JE 2421, Aix-Marseille Universite, Faculte St Jerome, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | | | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA 43210
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Allouch A, Roubaud V, Lauricella R, Bouteiller JC, Tuccio B. Spin trapping of superoxide by diester-nitrones. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2458-62. [PMID: 15976863 DOI: 10.1039/b502836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nitrone N-[(1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-yl)-methylidene]-1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethylamine N-oxide (DEEPyON) was synthesized and used as a spin trapping agent. The kinetic aspects of the superoxide detection by this new spin trap and by two other diester-nitrones, i.e. 2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide (DEPO) and N-benzylidene-1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethylamine N-oxide (DEEPN), were examined by determining the rate constants for the trapping reaction and for the spin adduct decay at pH 7.2. Comparing the results obtained to those given by analogous monoester-nitrones showed that both the spin trapping and the adduct decay reactions were faster in the presence of a second ester group in the cyclic nitrone series, while the superoxide trapping capacities of linear diester-nitrones were found to be dramatically weak. It follows from this study that DEPO and 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide (EMPO) are superior when it comes to superoxide detection. Below 0.005 mol dm(-3), DEPO is to date the only nitrone capable of clearly detecting superoxide, while EMPO should be preferred at higher spin trap concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Allouch
- Laboratoire TRACES, case 541, Universités d'Aix-Marseille 1 et 3, Faculté de St. Jérôme, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France.
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